^Sjyf, 2 g
cr-ce)
THifeT KE BO KHIEN DIEN AP DC-LINK B Q NGHICH LUtJ HIEU
SUAT CAO NGUON ZDESIGN CONTROLLER FOR THE DC-LINK VOLTAGE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE Z- SOURCE INVERTER
TS. Pham Cdng Thdnh, TSVd Cdng Phuang Khoa Dlin - Diin tii viin thdng Tdm tdt: Thiit ki bd diiu khiin phu hgp nhdl cho diin dp dinh cdp vdo bd nghich luu hiiu sudl cao ngudn z dnh hudng manh me ldi hiiu sudt cua nhiing hi thdng len xe diin, hi ihdng ndng lugng mdt trdi.
Bdi bdo ndy dua ra ddnh gid vd phdn lich ro nhdt cda nhdng phuong phdp diiu khiin khde nhau nhu bd dieu khien PI, md vd lu chinh dinh md di^ vdo sit quan sdi ddp iing cua dien dp dinh DC-link vd tdng hdi ddng diin. Tdt cd nhiing phucmg phdp trdn dugc -img dung trong vdng lap kin cua diin dp dinh DC- Imk trong bd nghich htu hiiu sudt cao ngudn Z. Kit qud nghiin ciiu cua nhiing phuong phdp ndy dugc xdc nhdn bdi phdn mim Mallab
Td- khda: Diin dp DC-link, Bd diiu Miiin Fuzzy, Bd nghich Iitu ngudn Z, SVM
Abstract: Design studies of the most suitable controller for the peak DC-link voltage of high performance z-source inverter greatly affects performance of hybrid electric vehicles This paper is to give comprehensive analyses comparison and evaluations of the different control techniques as Pi controller, self-tuning fuzzy PI controller and fizzy logic controller based on observation of its response and total harmonic distortion of current All methods are applied to the closed loop ofthe peak DC-link voltage inHP-ZSI. These methods are verified by Matiab software
Keywords: DC-lmk voltage. Fuzzy controller, Z-source inverter
dieu khien mo men kinh dien, nhung dieu khien tryc tilp mo men kinh diln (DTC) ket hgp voi dieu che khong gian vec to da thanh cong trong [6-8], Ngoai ra, DTC ket hgp vai eai tien ciia khong gian vec to (MSVM) duge gpi la DTC-MSVM. Trong MSVM, tigng thai triing dan (STS) dupc sii dung de them vao chuoi dong cat cua dieu ehe khong gian vec to, chinh trgng thai nay dupc sii dung de dilu khiln dien ap DCV trong HP-2SI [6-8].
DCV trong HP-ZSI la dang song vuong quail he giira dien ap dinh DC-link (PDV) va dien ap ty la quan he phi tuyen [3], [8]. Do do, gia tri trung binh cua DCV dupe dieu khien bdi dieu khien gia tri ciia dien ap dinh DC-link (PDV) Trong nhung nam gin day, mot vai nghien ciru da d l xuit mfit s6 phuong phap dieu khien nhu PI, mgng no ron dugc Sli dyng de dilu khiln PDV trong HP- ZSI [4-8]. Tuy nhien nhiing phuang phap nay van eon ton tgi mpt s l khuylt dilm nhu cham thich nghi theo su biln doi tham s l ciia he thing, hai dong dien cao, tang dien ap euang biic tren cac khoa, dap iing cua PDV se khong tot neu dien ap dau vao dot ngot thay dli [5]. Do do, nghien curu thilt k l bp I. Gioi thieu
Bg nghich luu nguon Z (ZSI) la bp chuyen doi cong suat voi nhieu dgc tinh tien lpi nhu dae tinh nang-hg dien ap, chi phi thap ma dae biet la hieu suit cao so voi nhiing bg chuyen dli cgng suat DC-DC kinh dien [1,2]
ZSI CO till vupt qua nhiing bp nghich luu nguon ap kinh dien nhu dien ap cue dgi dau ra cua co the vupft qua dien ap DC cap vao bg nghich luu, hai cong tic ciia bat ky pha nao CO till dong 6 cung thoi dilm ma khong anh huong din trang thai ngin mach va pha hiiy ciia bo nghich luu [3]. Nhu mpt dilm nhin trong thilt k l ZSI, bg nghich luu hieu suit cao nguIn Z (HP-ZSI) dli pho vai syt ap cua dien ap cip vao bg nghich luu (DCV), sii dyng cupn cam nho va dam bao thiet ke don gian Do do, HP-ZSI la phii hpp hon cho he thong lai lai xe dien (HEV) [4,5],
Trgng nhung he thing HEV, yeu ciu dilu khiln rit eao va ehinh xac nhu dap irng mo men nhanh, nhap nho mo men thip a trgng thai xac lap, khoang t i c do rpng va moment cao 6 toe dp thap Do la van de kho khan nlu diing nhirng phuong phap kinh dien nhu voltage/hez, dinh huang tir truong va
dilu khien phu hgp cho PDV la rat quan trpng trong he thing HP-ZSI.
Trong he thong phi tuyin, tham so vgn hanh eiia he thing thay doi lien tue nhu tham so dgng CO, nhilu tai va dien ap dau vao bien doi. C l dinh dp Igi eiia bp dilu khiln PI se khong phii hgp voi yeu cau hieu suat cao eua he thing lai. Do do, ky thugt dieu khien thong minh nhu dieu khien logic ma (FLC), se rit hiia hen trong he thing nay.
FLC thuong dugc sii dung trong nhung he thong c6 tham so bien doi hoac khong dua vao bit ky mo hinh toan ciia he thong ma he thing vin dugc dilu khien ben virng va thich nghi voi su bien doi tham so cua no. Dgc biet, FLC ciing dupc sir dung de thay doi tryc tuyin dp lpi cua bo dieu khien PI, duac gpi la ty chinh dinh ma (SFP) iing dyng cho dieu khiln PDV [6-8]. Tuy nhien, nhihig bg dilu khiln nay cung dugc nghien ciiu trong mot so bai bao rieng re ma chua co su so sanh gjiia nhiing bp dieu khien nay vol nhau de chpn ra bo dilu khiln phii hop nhat cho PDV.
Mac dii nhieu tae gja nghien eiiu de xuat bg dieu khien moi dya vao ky thugt dieu khien thich nghi thong minh de doi pho voi su bien doi lien tyc va khong chac chan ciia nhung tham s l trong PDV. Tuy nhien nhiing ky thugt nay duge nghien cuu trong mgt so bai bao rieng re ma khong chi ra sy so sanh cua nhflng bp dieu khien nay voi nhau. Myc dieh eua bai bao nay la dua ra su phan tich so sanh va danh ^ a eua nhiing ky thugt dieu khien khac nhau nhu PI, SFP va mo cho PDV dya vao su quan sat dap img ciia no va tong hai dong dien. Tit ca nhimg phuang phap duge irng dyng trong vong lap kin cua PDV trong trong bg nghich luu hieu suit cao nguon Z Nhirng phuang phap nay dupc kiem tra boi mo phong diing phan mIm matiab
2. Phan tich MSVM va HP-ZSI 2.1. MSVM
Phuang phap SVM duoc iing dyng rgng rai trong ky thuat dieu rong xung de ehi s l dieu che cao va hai dong dien thip [8] Ngoai ra, voi mo hinh HP-ZSI, STS dupe them vao trong moi chu ky ddng cit
ciia SVM dupfc gpi la MSVM. Nguyen li cua MSVM cung giong nguyen li ciia SVM.
Dac biet, STS eiia MSVM dupc irng dyng d l giai quyet nhiing van de nhu tang-giam DCV trong HP-ZSI. Nhu t h i se giam duoc dien ap common, khong doi hoi thai gian chit de bao ve ngan mach a hai khoa bat ky tren ciing mot pha [3], [8].
Trong m6i chuoi ddng cat cua MSVM bao gom c6 3 vector zero nhu VQ, V7 va vector thir 3 la STS. Vai V, tai Vs la 6 vector hogt dpng dupc chi ra trong hinh la. Vref quay xung quanh timg sector cua luc giac tir 1 din 6, Va va Vb la 2 cgnh iien tilp eiia luc giac tao nen dien ap vector tham chieu V^ef, voi (a,b) = (1,2); (2,3); (3,4); (4,5); (5,6) trong m6i sector dupe ehi trong hinh la), tuong irng. Do do trong moi chu ky dong cit, Va va Vb kit hap vdi Ta va Tb tgo ra Vref nhu chi ra trong cong thiic (1) nhu chi ra trong hinh la va l b , tuong iing. Thdi gian tning din (Jsr) dupc tinh toan nhu T„=To-TS vdi To'=TsriTa+Tb+T,r) nhu hinh Ic.
Hinh 1. Sl M cua VSI_ a) Chudi dong cat cua SIM kmh dien b) Chudi ddng edt cua MSVM e).
Do do tir (1) Kre/-dupc tinh nhu sau
Vr^=V,.T^+VkT^ (1) f-K (2)
r.=,g.^.z-,.sm(p)
y,
(3)
Voi ^ la goc giua F „ / va K,, F, la PDV.
Trong MSVM, m6i nira chu ky dong cat ( 7 ^ 2 ) nhu duoc chi ra trong hinh Ic. Ba lan STS ( S x i r / 3) duoc an dinh vao trong hai khoang co trang thai 0 va khoang chinh giiia cila 2 trang thai hoat dong STS duoc an dinh vao trong m6i chu ky dong cat nhung khoang thoi gian hoat dong Ta va Ti v l n duy tri khong doi. Do do STS khong anh huong d8n dac tinh ciia SVM va thoi gian trung din ( r „ ) duoc gioi han boi T,jl2 nhu duoc chi ra trong (5) va hinh Ic. Trong m6i chu ky dong cit gdm 6 lan 2T/3 ( 6 x 2 r / 3 ) STS Do do, T„ va T duoc xac dinh boi (4)
7", = 6.2.- = 4.2" ^ r = S L (4) 3 4 ^ ' va tu [4] ta CO.
o<d,=^<-^o<T <^ (5) T^ 1 ' 1 ^ ' Voi do la ti le tning dan voi Tsf, tu (4) va (5) ta CO"
0 < r < i (6) 8
Do do, DCV duoc dieu chinh boi dieu khien PDV trong cau nghich liru phai dua vao gioi han cua thoi gian T.
2.2. Phan tich mo hinh HP-ZSI DS thi^t k8 giai thuat dieu khien PDV chiing ta phai biet duoc dac tinh dong cua HP-ZSI. Ham truySn vong ho G(s) duoc dua ra trong (7) la ti le rfo(s) va PDV F,(s) duoc chi ra trong [5], [7] va trong hinh 2.
Voi tai la dong co cam iing va Vi„: Va II: h:
LI: Rl :L :C ,Do lin lugt la DIV, dien ap tu, dong dien cuon cam o xac lap, dong dien tai, dien cam tai, dien tro tai, dien cam, dien dung ciia HP-ZSI, ti le tning dan 6 diem van hanh tuong iing.
3. Bo dieu khien dien ap dinh PDV 3.1. Bg dieu khiln m o (FLC) FLC duoc Sli dung rong rai trong ITnh vuc dieu khiln he thong cong nghiep boi no khong doi hoi mo hinh toan ciia he thong dilu khiln va de thuc hien Dac biet bp dieu khiln nay co the doi pho voi su bien doi ciia
DIV trong he thdng DTC-MSVM [4], [5].
Hinh 2. Biiu dd khoi cua PDV (¥.)
(-2;t + J,)V.i'+[(-2Jt+J,}i^L + ( l - A ) ( 2 F . - l ' j L ] i,LCi'+l^C3=+[2L(l-2D„)'+Z,(l-2D,}']j + J^(l-2Z)./
[(l-2fl.)(2r,-f.)I,].t(l-2D.)(2>'.->-.)H
;,LCs'+J^Cj=+[21(1-20,)'+Z,(l-2D,)'lj + J^(l-2D.]
0)
Vi the, FLC phu hgp vdi he thdng nay.
FLC duoe Sli dung de dieu khien PDV trong HP-ZSI ma cau \mc la FLC kilu PI nhu ehi ra trong [8] va so luong tap md duoe xac dinh bing thyc nghiem dua vao dap ung eiia PDV
Theo cau tnic cua FLC nd gom ba khdi chinh: md hoa, suy dien md de tao ra luat md va giai md [4], [6], [8]. Cau tnic FLC kilu PI dupc chi ra trong hinh 3a Hai tin hieu dau vao la loi (ep) ciia PDV va vi phan ciia ldi (dCf^ cua PDV Cdn tin hieu ra ciia FLC kieu PI duoc tich hpp de lay gia tri shoot-through {do) nhu duoc chi trong hinh 3a. Mdi tin hieu vao va ra cd bay TMF Bien ngon ngii dugc chpn nhu sau: NB^am ldn NM^am trung binh; NS^am nhd; Z=zero; PS^duang nhd;
PM^duong trung binh, P B ^ duong ldn ma dugc chi trong hinh 3b. Hinh 3c ehi ra 49 luat md ma cd the dgt duoe tu sy quan sat chat lupng ciia dap iing fflen ap PDV d cac diem van hanh khac nhau.
He so ti le Ki, K2 va K^, ciing duoe xae dinh tCr thuc nghiem he s l nay duoc su dyng de chuan hda tin hieu diu vao va ra cua tap md Cp, dep va do duoc thich nghi tot trong khoang [-10 10] d bit ky dilm van hanh nao.
Trong bai bao nay gia tri cua he s l ti le dupc chpn nhu sau: i : ; ^ l , .^2=0.0015 andA:u=lQ.
3.2. Bo d i l u khiln tir chinh dinh fuzzy
^
r**"
PH P M i>S 71=.
N S N M N » M J
N M N M N M N O N R N i t N M
N S N S N S N M N M N l i M l
NS Z L | l-S PM PB Z t i'S PM.PH PB Z ! . : P S PM I'll PB N S
N S N.S N M N M
Z L | P S ! I ' M ' PB Zf- PS PM PM / h PS'PS PM NS ZC PSJPM NS|7[ PSJPS Hinh 3. Biiu d6 Ichoi Pi-Type FLC al 2 lin hieu. vd mat dau ra (dO) MF cua Pi-Type FLC bj Lugt Pi-Type
FLCc)
Do DIV bien doi lien tuc trong suot thoi gian, giai phap t6t nhat cho van de nay la cap nhat true tuyen do loi cua bo dieu khien PI dua vao luat mo dl duy tri do chinh xac ciia dap ling PDV. Dua vao su quan sat dap iing PDV theo PDV tham chieu o cac diem van hanh khac nhau dl thilt kl cac tap mo va luat mo Do do, moi tin hieu dau ra ciia FLC co bon TMF va 25 luat mo nhu duoc chi ra trong hinh 5a va b. Luu do giai thuat ciia SFP duoc chi ra 6 hinh 4.
"SHAw'h'S 1
4. Ket qua mo phong
Tham s6 mo phong nhu tren bang 1 DIV CO thi la pin hoac pin nhien lieu ma duoc Sli dung lam dien ap ngudn dl cung cap cho he th6ng DTC-MSVM. Do do, muc dich cua viec cai tiln dap ling PDV la ii tang su 6n dinh cua dien ap d k ra trong HP-ZSI, giam pho hai dong dien dl tang hieu suat cua he thing DTC-MSVM [7], [8]. Gia sii rang dac tinh cua DIV duoc chi ra nhu hinh 6a.
Dap img cua PDV duoi nhung ky thuat khac nhau duoc chi ra a hinh 6b, gia tri cua PDV tham chilu duoc chpn la 560V. FLC SFP \ a PI nhu duoc chi ra o hinh 6b, va dap img qua do ciia nhirng ky thuat nay la gidng nhau
Bang 1. Tham s6 mo phong
m ^
Hinh 4. Sa dd khoi bp lu- chinh dinh SFP
^
NB N Z P PD
NB PB PH PB Z PM
N PB PM PM Z PB
Z PB
P Z P PB P PB Z PM PM PB PB PB Z PB PB PB
i k "
\ B N Z P SB
/
P I'H
z
!•
N 1 Z , !• PB N 1 NBi \ Z N
P j Z
^
Pi- 1 PB / \ / i' N SU N d Hinh 5. Lugl md cua AK, ai va JA', b) theo SFP
3.3. B9 dieu khien PI
Bd dieu khien PI duoe sii dung de dieu khien PDV trong HP-ZSI. Bo dieu khien nay dupc tiu^t ke diing phuang trinh (7) k^ hgp vdi cdng cy Matiab [6]
Tham so Dieo cam Z-source
{L,&L2) Tu dien Z-source (Cj and
C2) theo (t) Cong suat dinh miic {P„)
Dien ap dmh miic (('„) Tan so (X,) Dien tro stator (fi,) theo
(t) Dien tra rotor {R,) 1 Dien cam stator {Lj
Dien cam rotor (/,,) ' Dien cam tii h6a(Z,„) Tan so c3t (/j^)
So dot Circ (p) Moment quan tinh (J„^
He so ma sat (B„) PDV tham chiau P , . ^
DIV(I'„) bidn doi theo
(0
Don vi mH pF W V Hz
Q.S
Q H H H kHz pairs kg.m' N.m.s
r
V,i Gia in
1 5 0 6 tir Os den
1 5s. 0 7 111 1 5s den 3s.
3760 4(1(1 50 1 1 1 5 m Os d S n 0 7 5 s . 1.6 tu 0 75s den 3s
1083 0 0 0 6 0 006 0 2037
10 2 2 \ l ( l - 5 7 5 2 \ I ( J '
56(1 500 (IT Os den Is. 450 tir Is den 2s Va451l (LT Is den 2s.
Khi DIV dot ngot giam tu 500V xulng 4S0V 6 Is, khi Sli dung FLC, dap ling PDV bam PDV tham chieu la t6t nhjt Khi su dung SFP va PI dap iing PDV rot 538V va 530V sau do quay ve gia tri tham chilu lii 560V sau 0.15s va 0.25s tuong irng nhu chi trong hinh 6b. Tiep theo, khi DIV dot ngot giam tir 450V xuong 400V a 2s nhu chi ra o
hinh 6a, khi diing FLC thi dap ling PDV cung bam tot tham chieu ciia no. Con khi dung SFP va PI dl dilu khiln PDV, dap iing PpV rot xu6ng o 536V va 522V sau do quay ve gia tri tham chilu 560 V 6 0.17s va 0.27s tuong ling nhu chi ra 6 hinh 6b. Tii ket qua hinh 6b chi ra ring PDV dilu khiln boi FLC la ben vung nhat chong lai su bien doi ciia DIV so voi bo dilu khiln SFP va PI
| 4 S ( J
E
^
^ e o o
-g
8 "
; i '•
0 5 1 15 2 2 J . 3
•Que [s] 3J
L...i L...L...L.
..[.... [ [ L...
f>**r'^'*^^
f i r
SfP flC RefaiiKe
::..::..if. i::.:::.
f i
Time Isl b) Hinh 6. DIV gidm 10% d Is vd liep tuc gidm 10% d
2s a) ddp ling PDV thay ddi theo DIVb)
Hinh 7 chi ra tdng hai ddng dien dudi nhiing ky thu^t dieu khien khae nhau, Tii phan tieh nhu chi ra d hinh 7, SFP va GAs-PI duoc sii dung de dieu khien toe dd la tdt han so vdi PI Gia Sli rSng tdc dp dong co duoc dieu khien bdi GAs-PI, de dua ra mgt su so sanh ciia tdng hai ddng dien (THD%) vdi 3 phuang phap: PI, SFP va FLC eho PDV
mSFP Filiidaii>anlal[S0Hzt=SarA.-rni>3 6a%
ILillLilLiii..iii..if..oii^m
Hinh 7. THD% vdi PI. SFP vd FLC
Neu PI dupe su dung de dieu khien PDV va GAs-PI duoc sii dung de dieu tdiien tdc dp ket hpp ciia hai chien luoc dieu khien duac vi^t tat la PI-GAsPI nhu ehi ra d hinh 7.
Giong nhu phan tich tren ta cd SFP-GAsPI va FLC-GAsPI. Ket qua tu hinh 7 ehi ra rang FLC-GAsPI cd tdng hai ddng dien la thap nhat THD% - 3,38% so vdi SFP-GAsPI la
THD% = 3 64% va PI-GAsPI THD% - 4.57%. Do do FLC la phii hop nhat cho di6u khiln PDV trong HP-ZSI
5. Ket luan
Bai bao nay dua ra su phan tich so sanh va danh gia cua nhung ky thu?lt dieu khien khac nhau cho di6u khign PDV PI, SFP va FLC Ngoai bp dilu khiln PI, nhirng giai thuat cdn lai la nhung giai thu|t thdng minh khdng can xac dinh md hinh toan ciia he tiidng. Vdi PDV ti-ong HP-ZSI, FLC dupe sii dung de dieu khien PDV cho chat lupng tdt nhat so vdi SFP va ? ! •
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] K. Holland, F Z Peng, "Z-sonrce mverter control for traction dnve of fuel cell-battery hybnd vehicles" Fourtieth Industry Applications Conference, vol 3, no 4.pp 1651-1656,2005 [2] I PohChiang Loh "Pulsewidth modulation of z- source inverters" IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol 20, no 6,pp 1346-1355,2005 [3] 0 Ellabban, J V Mierlo, and P. Lataire, "Direct
torque controlled space vector modulated induction motor fed by a z-source inverter for electnc vehicles" International Conference on Power Engineenng, Malaga, Spam, May 2011 [4] AnWen Shen, Cong-Thanh Pham, P Q Dzung,
N B Anh, and L H Viet, " Using fuzzy logic self-tunmg PI controller m z-source mverter for hybrid electnc vehicles" World Conference on Science and Engineenng, Hong Kong, August 2012
[5] B K bose, Modem power Electromcs and AC Dnvers USA Pearson Education, 2002.
[6] Cong-Thanh Pham, AnWen Shen "A companson of control methods for z-source mverter" Jotimal of Energy and Power Engineenng vol 04, no 04, pp 187-195,2012
[7] Cong-Thanh Pham, AnWen Shen "A Comparative Control Method for Induction Motor and High Perfonnance Z-source Inverter"
Telkomnika Indonesia Journal of Electncal Enginnenng vol, 11, no 06, pp 2912-2925, 2013
[8] Cong-Thanh Pham, An Wen Shen "Self-Tumng FuzzyPI-Type Controller m Z-Source Inverter for Hybnd Electric Vehicles" International Journal of Power Electromcs and Dnve System (IJPEDS)vol 02, no 04, pp 353-363,2012
NgSy nh|n bai: 29/04/2014 ""
Ng^y chSp nhSn dang: 12/05/2014 Phan bien: TS Nguyin Hihi Chan Thanh
