Cu hich cho hoat dong moi gioi bao hiem a Viet Nam
BOiOuJnhAnh Khoa Bao hi6in, Dai hoc Kinh tg qudc dan
Hon 50% dan sd Viet Nam se gia nhap tdng Idp tmng luu toan cdu vao nam 2035, tang 40% so vdi nam 2015.
Kinh td phat bien, gia tang nhu cdu kinh doanh, tiet kiem, ddu tu, sd huu tai sdn cd gid trj... du bao se thflc ddy nhu cdu bdo hilm td chuc va ca nhan tang trudng manh trong thdi gian tdi. Nhu cdu bdo hilm xudt hien, sd lugng doanh nghiep bao hiem (DNBH) gia tang, san phdm bao hilm ngay cang da dang nhung ngudi ed nhu cdu bao hilm lai it ed dilu kiln tu so sanh, ddnh gid kha nang efla cae DNBH de dua ra quylt djnh lya ebon l6t nhdt. Tuy nhiln, d Vi^t Nam, la lugng cac td chiic mdi gidi bao hilm (MGBH) edn it va chua cd dilu ki|n phat triln. Bai bao nghien cuu vl hoat ddng mpi gidi bao hiem d Viet Nam hien nay va d l xudt eu hich de phat trien djch vy nay trong tuong lai.
1. Hieu flung ve moi gioi bao hiem
Mae dfl doanh nghiep MGBH ddu tien ra ddi d Viet Nam tfl nam 1993, nhung khdi nilm vl MGBH va dich vy md cdc td ehflc MGBH se cung cap vdn cdn khd mdi ml vdi nhflng ngudi cd nhu cdu bdo hilm, MGBH cflng vdi d^ ly bdo hiem la cac bd phan tmng gian vd cung quan trpng tao nen bflc banh nganh bdo hiem cua mdi qufie gia. Cdc nha nghien cuu vl MGBH da xac dinh Icing, MGBH la ngudi dai diln cho Ipi ich efla ngudi duge bao hilm, la mpt td ehflc cung cdp dich vu tu vdn cho ngudi ylu cdu bdo hiem vl cac ndi dung nhu d l phdng han chi tdn thdt; ddnh gia rfli ro; sdp xIp phuong
^ bao hilm; lam thfl tyc tham gia bao hilm .v.v.
Boat ddng MGBH trln thye t l da dang nln cdc nha nghien cihi tien hanh phan loai MGBH d l cae nha quan ly d l dang quan ly va khdch hang d l dang lya ehpn djch vu phfl hgp theo nhu edu. Can efl theo loai hinh bao hilm Uii MGBH bao gom MGBH nhan thp va MGBH phi nhan thp. Can cu theo ddi tugng khach hang cfla td ehflc MGBH thi MGBH duge chia thanh MGBH gdc va mdi gidi tai bao hiem. Can cu theo phuong thuc hoat dgng thi MGBH cd 2 loai la mdi gidi dpc lap va mdi gidi td chuc.
Du la td chuc MGBH thudc loai nao thi td chuc MGBH se nhan duge % hoa hdng tu don vl kinh doanh bao hiem va duge fly quyln de thuc biln mdt sd boat ddng chuyen mdn co bdn sau day:
- Tu vdn cho khdcb hang Iga chgn cae san phdm bao hilm phu hgp, chi phi thdp va quyln lgi tdt nhdt gifla rdt nhilu don vi kinh doanh bdo hilm khac nhau dang hoat ddng trln thi budng bdo hilm vdi sd lugng san phdm bdo hilm len tdi hdng tram, hang nghin.
- Thidt ke chuong trinh bao hilm phfl hgp nhat, thu§n tiln nhat danh cho khach hang
- Sdp xIp va tiln hdnh d l khdch hang ky kit hgp dong vdi doanh nghiep bdo hilm.
- Trong sudt thdi han bdo hilm, hd trg cho khach hdng tham gia bao hilm trong vi|c ylu cau bdi thudng tdn that vdi eac doanh nghiep bdo hilm.
Vdi nhung hoat ddng nay, td chuc MGBH da chflng td duge vai trd khdng thi thieu ddi vdi su phat triln kinh te xa hdi ndi chung va nganh bao hilm qudc gia ndi rieng. Cy thi:
Thfl nhdt, gdp phdn phat triln hi thdng an sinh xa hdi b i n vflng thdng qua viec tu vdn, mdl gidi bdo hilm sflc khde; hd tro xay dgng chinb sach va mpi gidi tdi bdo hilm san phdm bao hiem ndng nghilp, bao hilm tai san va thiet bai, bao hilm xe eo gidi .v.v
Thfl hai, gdp phdn bao vl tai chinh cho eac thanh viln trong xa hdi; dam bao mpi trudng ddu tu lanh manh va dn dinh thdng qua viec tu van cho khdch hang danh gia rui ro, tham gia bao hilm, bao ve tai san tdi chinh va vat ehdt eua minh giflp dn djnh boat ddng sdn xuat kinh doanh va manh dan dua ra cae quylt dinh ddu tu;
Thu ba, gdp phdn thflc ddy giao djch edng bdng, giam bdt tranh ehdp va canh tranh khdng lanh manh, thue ddy sy phdt triln cfla thj trudng bao hilm. Dua trln lgi the ve chuyin mdn, am hilu thj trudng, t6 chuc MGBH bilt lya ehpn nhflng phuong an bao hilm, nhung DNBH cd uy tin, ddng thdi sfl dyng ky thudt phan Uch d l tu van cho khdch hang lya ehpn duge sdn pham tdt nhdt vol chi phi thap nhdt. Bin canh dd, qua tilp xflc vdi khach hang va qua qud trinh dilu ga thj trudng, td ehflc MGBH cd thi dua ra cdc gdp y vdi DNBH de cd nhung dilu chinh kip thdi va phfl hop.
Thii tij, Thuc ddy hgp tdc kinh te qudc tl, thu hut vdn ddu tu nude ngodi Uidng qua vi|e giup cdc nhd ddu tu nude ngodi duge tu vdn ve bdo hilm, an tdm ddu tu tai Viet Nam, giup kit ndi thi tnidng bao hilm Vi|t Nam vdi thj trudng qudc tl. Sfl dyng dich vy mdi
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NGHliN Cl/U
RESEARCH
gidi Id thdi quen cua cae nha ddu tu nude ngoai khi nang tai chinh vung manh cho tiidy td chiic MGBH do phdt sinh nhu cdu bdo hiem. Kinh doanh, ddu tu trong boat ddng ed hieu qua va uy tin, Id dilu kiln d l Uui mdt mdi trudng mdi la, chua thdng hilu vl mdi tnidng hflt duge khach hang va ede DNBH. Theo khodn o, phdp ludt cfla Vi^t Nam nen cae nha ddu tu nude Dilu 10, Ngh) dinh sd 73/2016/ND-CFcd quy djnh r d v l ngoai coi td ehflc MGBH nhu ngudi ban ddng hanh. miic vdn phdp djnh cfla cdc doanh nghilp MGBH:
Nlu dung d gdc dd khach hang tham gia bao hilm Kinh doanh MGBH gdc hoac mdi gidi tdi bao hilm U^
va DNBH thi boat ddng MGBH cung ed rdt nhilu loi vdn phdp djnh la 4 ty ddng; Kinh doanh MGBH goc va ich. Ddi vdi khach hang: tim hilu duoc vl nhilu DNBH mdi gid tai bao hilm thi vdn phap dinh la 8 ty dong.
khac nhau nhanh chdng; duoc tu vdn ehl tiet d l Iga Doanh thu efla td ehflc MGBH bao gdm doanh thu tu chgn Uiam gia bao hiem phfl hgp nhdt vdi nhu cdu; hoat ddng MGBH va doanh thu tfl cac boat <^^"|. ^^
tilt kilm thdi gian va chi phi; ddm bdo vl quyln Igi chinh. Cdc td ehiic MGBH trong qua binh boat dgng bdo hilm khi sy kiln bao hilm xay ra. Ddi vdi cdc ^^^^ chfl ddng nang cao nang luc tai chinh, nang igc DNBH: da dang them kenh phan phdi ma khdng phai Q^an trj doanh nghidp va nang luc kinh doanh.
bd cdng qua nhilu; md rdng pham vi khach hang 2.4 Quy tic, l$p qudn qudc t l
tham gia bao hilm; td ehflc MGBH thge hien thay hdu MGBH la linh vgc lien quan nhilu d i n cdc quy tde nhu tdt ed eac cdng vile lien quan din hgp ddng bao qup'c t l nen hoat ddng MGBH cung chju dnh hudng va hilm; thuc ddy cac DNBH cho ra ddi cdc sdn phdm b, ^hi phdi bcri cdc quy djnh nay. Dac bi|t, trong dieu bdo hilm tdi uu, cgnh banh vl chi phi va quyln loi kjgn thi gidi phat biln va thay ddi khdng ngung, eac chuan myc qudc te mdl ra ddi va sua ddi lien tyc s i lam cae td ehflc MGBH phai nhanh nhay, cap nhat thudng xuyIn cac thay ddi nay. Dilu nay gdp phdn hudng cae hgat dpng MGBH efla cac td chuc MGBH bdn thj budng Viet Nam ddn tiln tdi vd thu hpp khoang cdeh vdi edc chudn muc qudc t l mdi.
3. Ket qua ho§t ddng moi gidi hao hiem tren thj tnrdng ban hiem Viet Ham
3.1 Cac doanh nghilp MGBH
Theo sd lilu tii cgc quan ly va giam sat Bao Hilm Viet Nam, hiln nay cd 13 td ehflc mdi gidi Bao Hilm duge Bd Tai Chinh cap phlp, bong dd cdc td chuc mdi gidi nude ngoai dang chidm linh nhilu vi tri top ddu tai thj trudng bao hiem Vilt Nam.
Trach nhiem cfla td chuc MGBH vdi khach hang rat Idn, neu tu vdn sai hoac khdng chinh xac se lam biet hai cho khach hang khi xay ra su ki|n nao hiem.
bao hiem danh cho khach hang.
2. Nhimg nhan to anh hirong den hoat dong MGBH ff Viet Nam
2.1 T&p qudn doanh va thdi quen kinh Tdp quan kinh doanh Id mdt trong nhung nhan td cd anh hudng Idn d i n boat ddng MGBH d Vilt Nam.
That vdy, nln kinh td - xa hdi da c6 nhung phat trien vugt bac bong nhflng nam gdn day, nhung Uidi quen kinh doanh va giao djch tmc tilp, khdng tiidng qua cdc td chuc tmng gian vdn cdn an sau lam ban e h l dang ke sg phdt triln efla hoat ddng MGBH. Tuy nhiln, sy ddi hdi cfla hdi nhdp quoc tl, su gia tang ve sd lugng cdc DNBH cflng su phflc tap vl dilu khoan hgp ddng .v.v gong thdi gian tdi s i Id dilu kipn lam thay ddi thdi quen vd sy lua ehpn cua ngudi cd nhu edu bdo hilm ddi vdi dich vu MGBH.
2.2 Mdi tnidng phap ly
Hien nay, boat ddng kinh doanh bao hilm ndi Chinh vi vay, 13 td chuc MGBH dang boat ddng dVi|t chung vd MGBH ndi rilng da duge quy djnh chat che Nam dIu ludn chfl ddng nang cao kha nang tai chinh va cy thi gong Ludt Kinh doanh bao bilm cung nhu va tuyln dyng cae chuyin viln duge dao tao ky ludng, cac van ban hudng ddn thi hanh Luat. Dilu dd da tao cd kiln thuc chuyen sau va nghiep vu chuyen nghilp.
hdnh lang phap Ij' quan bgng cho eac d ehflc MGBH Ddng thdi, cac td ehflc nay phdi mua bao hidm trach boat ddng mdt edch dn djnh, dam bao sg canh tranh nhiem nghi nghilp cho boat ddng MGBH tai Vilt lanh manh, chdng cac hanh vi vi pham cac quy tdc Nam. Dilu dd mang d i n sg yen tam cho khach hang dao diic nghi nghidp. Cu thi, hoat ddng MGBH duge khi tham gia bao hiem qua cac don vi tmng gian nay.
quy dinh bong mpt sd van ban phdp luat eo ban sau: 3,2 Nhiing kit qua dat duoc Ludt Kinh doanh bdo hilm sd 24/2000/QHlO, Ludt
kinh doanh bdo hilm vd siia ddi bd sung nam 2010;
Nghi dinh sd 73/2016/ND-CP quy dinh chi bet thi hanh Luat kinh doanh bdo hiem va luat sua doi, bd sung mdt so dilu cfla Luat kinh doanh bdo hiem.
2.3 Kha nang tai chinh ciia td chuc MGBH Trong Ilnh vgc tai chinh, bao hiem till vdn va kha nang tdi chinh cfla mdt doanh nghiep cho thdy tilm luc vd sue manh cfla doanh nghiep dd. Trong boat ddng MGBH cflng khdng ndm ngoai quy luat dd. Kha
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,1 BlNH DLTONE (THAWO 7 / 2 0Kit qua hoat ddng MGBH d Vi| Nam trong nhflng nam gdn ddy duge phan dnh trong bdng 1. Tfl bang sd lieu cd thi thdy, nhin chung phi bao hilm thu xIp qua mli gidi vd doanh thu hoa hdng MGBH cd xu hudng tang qua cdc nam trong giai do^n nghien eflu. Tuy nhiln, cd sg Up vd cua eac doanh nghilp trong nude, thi phdn mdi gidi bdo hilm trong tay doanh nghi|p ngoai. Trong sd phi thu xIp qua MGBH thi tren 90% thj phan do khdi ede doanh nghilp mdi gidi ed vdn ddu tu nude ngodi thu xep.
Mflc dd va quy md anh hudng cfla boat ddng MGBH d nude ta cdn qua nhd, chfl yeu tdp tmng vao cac loai hinh bao hiem d l thge hiln va khdng ddi hdi nhilu kiln thflc chuyin mdn nhu bdo hilm xe eo gidi, bao hilm tdi sdn va thiet hai kinh doanh. T r e n thuc t l vdn cdn tinh trang cdng ty MGBH chiem dyng phi bdo hiem efla cdc DNBH va cae khoan DNBH thanh toan cho khdch hang thdng qua td ehflc MGBH.
Hien nay, phdp luat Viet Nam chua cd quy dinh ylu cdu td chuc MGBH phai md tai khoan MGBH tai ngan hang ey till va ede td ehflc MGBH khdng duge su dyng tai khodn ndy, rflt tiln tu tdi khodn nay khi chua duge sg ddng ^ ehdp thudn cfla co quan quan ly. Dilu nay da lam cho hoat ddng thanh toan trong MGBH d nude ra dien ra cdn cham, dnh hudng khdng nhd d i n hoat dOng bdo hilm ndi chung vd MGBH ndi rieng.
4.$u hich cho hoat ddng mdi gidi hao hiem phat trien trong thdi gian tffi
Nen kinh te Vilt Nam duge cdc chuyin gia dy bdo se tilp tyc da tang tnidng cao va GDP nam 2019 se dat d muc tfl 6,8-7%. Cflng vdi dd, nhu cdu ve bdo hiem tai
\^lt Nam cflng s i tilp tyc tang, ngudi ddn va eac td chuc kinh t l ngay cang quan tam hon den bao hilm.
HI qua la thj trudng bao hilm Viet Nam s i tiep tuc phat tiiln manh me bong thdi gian tdi, nhdt Id linh vuc bao hiem nhan thg se tang budng g i n 25%. Day la mIt bong nhflng tin hilu tdt cho nganh bdo hilm ndi chung va MGBH ndi rieng. Tu thyc te trien khai boat ding MGBH d \^et Nam hiln nay cho thdy cdn mdt cu hich dl MGBH phdt triln vd cae td ehflc MGBH trong nude khdng edn lip ve tmdc cdc td ehflc MGBH nude ngoai trong thdi gian tdi.
- Hoan thiln h | thdng van ban phap luat cdn chua phCi hgp vl MGBH nhu quy djnh md rdng quyln tg chu cho cac td chuc MGBH tg djnh doat hoa hdng MGBH; dilu kiln vl thanh lap td ehflc MGBH .v.v
- Tang cudng cdng tae qudn IJ, gidm sat boat ddng moi gidi BH; lam viec vdi td ehflc MGBH de nam bdt kip thdi tinh hinh kinh doanh, tinh hinh triln khai cae quy dinh phap ludt, chan chinh hoac xu ly cdc hanh vi vi pham theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
- Cd CO c b l khuyin khich cae td chuc MGBH da dang hda djch vu, ddng thdi nghiln ciiu thyc hien cdc gidi phdp nham ndng eao nang lye kinh doanh cho
cae td chuc MGBH, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep trong nude, nhu: Td ehflc eac hdi thao qudc td chia s i kinh nghilm vl boat ddng mdi gidi BH, dae bidt la hoat ddng mdi gidi tai BH; td chuc cac diln dan nhdm tang cudng mdi quan h | hgp tdc giua cdc td ehflc MGBH trong va ngoai nude, giua td chuc MGBH va DNBH; tim hilu nhu edu ngudn nhan Ige eua td chuc MGBH d l cd thi dinh hudng xay dyng cac chuong binh dao t?o phfl hgp; thanh lap cae td ehflc nghi nghiep nhu Hiep hdi MGBH.v.v
- Ve phia td ehflc MGBH:
-I- Phdi hgp vdi co quan quan ly nha nude gong vi|c xay dgng, hoan tiiiln co e h l chinh sach va d l xudt nhdm thuc ddy su phdt triln efla linh vgc MGBH.
+ Thiet Idp eo che hgp tac chat che giua cac td ehflc MGBH de trao ddi, chia se kinh nghiem va thdng tin.
+ Nang cao chat lugng djch vu; ling dyng cdng nghi thdng tin tiln den thuong mai dien tfl hda cac hoat ddng MGBH; md rdng quy mo hoat ddng MGBH, da dang hda nghiep vy BH va khach hang tham gia bao hilm qua mdi gidi; d l cao vai trd cfla khdch hang.
+ Phdt triln va dao tao ngudn nhan Iyc chuyin nghiep, nhdm trien khai tdt boat dgng MGBH va phat triln cae dich vu bd sung nhu dilu tra thj tnidng; tu van quan ly nil ro, quan ly tai sdn va phan b'ch tdi chinh.v.v.
Vdi su nd luc cua cdc td chiic MGBH cung sy phdi hgp chat ehe cfla cae DNBH va sy dilu chinh ve co ehl, chinb sach phu hgp, by vgng trong tuong lai gdn hoat ddng MGBH se phat triln manh me va bin vung d Viet Nam./.
Tai iieu tham l(hao
Nguyen Van Djnh (2010), Gido trinh Quan tn Kinh doanh Bao hilm, chuang 5, NXB Dai hpc Kinh te Qudc dan, Ha Ndi.
Qudc hdi nude CHXHCN Viet Nam (2000), Luat Kinh doanh bao hiem, Luat sd 24/2000/QHIO
Qudc hdi nude CHXHCN Viet Nam (2010), Luat Kinh doanh bao hiem sua ddi, Luat sd: 61/2010/QH12 Cue Quan ly va Giam sat bao hiem, niem giam bao hiem'nam 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
