NGHIEN CC(U - TRAO BOI
5& ^n3
HIEP DjNH DOI TAC XUYEN THAI B I N H D U C J N G (TPP) c d HOI HAY THACH THLfC CHO VIET NAM
Td ngiy 30 thing 9 den ngiy 04 thing 10 nam 2015, Bd trudngphu trich thUdng m^i cda 12 nudc tham gia Hiep dinh Doi tic xuyen Thai Binh DUdng (TPP) gdm Ot-xtriy-lia, Bru-niy, Ca-na-da, Chi-le, Nhat Bin, Ma-lai-xi-a, Me-hi-cd, Niu Di-lan, Pd-w, Xinh-ga-po, Hoa K^ vi Viit Nam da hop tai At-lan-ta, Hoa Ky, de tim kiem thoa thuan nham ket thuc toin diin didn phin. Sau 5 ngiy dim phin khan tn/dng cac Bo tn/dng da d^t dugc dong thuin ve tat d cic van de cdn tdn taii, chinh thdc kit thdc dam phan Hidp dinh TPP sau hdn 5 nam dim phin.
Ljch sQ Hinh thanh TPP Khdi dau Hiep djnh TPP ed 4 nudc tham gia Id Bru-ndy, Chi le, Niu Di-ldn, Xinh-ga-po va vi vay dQpc gpi tdt la Hiep djnh P4 Ngdy 22 thdng 9 nam 2008, My tuygn b l tham gia vao P4 nhung khong phai Hiep dmh P4 cu ma cac bgn se dam phan mot hidp djnh hoan toan mdi gpi la Hiep djnh Doi tac xuyen Thdi Binh DUdpg (TPP). Ngay sau do cac nudc Ot- xtrdy-tia va Pe-ru cung tuyen bo tham gia TPP. Ngay tfl khi TPP dUdc hinh thdnh, Vigt Nam da dupc cdc nudc TPP mdi tham gia. Viet Nam da tham gia ddm phan ngay tQ nhflng ngdy d l u nhung chua phai ia thanh vign chinh thQc ma Id thanh vidn lign k i t . Sau 3 phign tham dp vdi t u c a c h thdnh vien lign ket, Viet Nam chinh thQctham gia tQ thdng 11 nam 2010.
Cung vdi qua trlnh dam phan cQa Vigt Nam, TPP da tiep nhan them cdcthdnh vign mdi la Ca-na-(3a, Nhdt Bdn, Ma-lai-xi-a, Me-hi-co, nang tong so nudc tham gia len thanh 12 vdo giOa ndm 2013. Sau dd mot s l nudc khac nhu Han Quoc, Thai Lan, C6-l6m-bia...cung bay to mong muon tham gia nhung cac nudc TPP tho'ng nhd't can tap trung cho viec k i t thue ddm phdn trade khi ket nap thanh vien mdi.
Cdc dgcdiem chfnh cua TPP Cfl 5 ddc diem chinh lam TPP trd thdnh mpt higp dinh mang tfnh budc ngodt cua the ky 2 1 , tgo ra mpt tieu chuan mdi cho thUdng mgi todn cau trong khi vdn d l edp tdi cac vdn de mang tinh the he mdi. Bao gom:
Tiip cin thj trUdng mdt cich toin didn. Higp djnh TPP cat gidm t h u l quan va cac hdng rao phi thue v l can bdn d l i vdi tdt cd ttiudng mgi hang hda vd djch vy va dieu chinh todn bo cdc ffnh vpc v l thUdng mgi trong dd cd thUdng mgi hang hoa, djch vy vd ddu tu nham tgo ra cac cd hpi va Idi feh mdi eho doanh nghigp, ngudi lao dgng vd ngudi tidu dung cua cac nudcthdnhvlgn.
T7dp cin mang tinh khu vtfc trong vi$c dua ra dc cam kit Hiep djnh TPP tgo thudn tpi eho viec phat t r i l n 1 6 . tlUUillMM SO 4 5 - T H A N G 12/2015
sdn xudt vd day e h u y i n cung Qng, eung nhu thUdng mgi khfing gian doan, day mgnh tinh tiieu qud va h i trp thpc hign myc tifiu v l tao vide lam, nang cao mQc s i n g , thue day cdc nfi Ipc bdo t i n va tgo thugn ldi eho vigc hpi nhap qua bign gidi cung nhu md cQa thj trudng trong nude.
Giii quyit cac thach thdc mdi dii vdi thuang mat. Hiep djnh TPP thuc day vigc doi mdi, hdng sudt va tinh egnh tranh thflng qua viec gidi q u y l t cac van de mdi, trong dd bao gom viee phdt t r i l n n l n kinh t l so vd vai tro ngay cang tang cQa cdc doanh nghiep Nha nude trong n l n kinh t l toan cau.
Bao him toin bd cac yeu to lien quan din thUang mai. Higp djnh TPP bao gom cdc y l u td mdi dUdc dua^ra d l bao ddm rang cac n l n kinh t l d tat ca cac cap dp phattrien vd doanh nghiep thupc mpi quy mfi d l u cd t h l hudng^ lpi tfl IhUdng mgi^^ Higp djnh bao gom cac cam k i t nham giup dd cdc doanh nghiep vQa va nhd hieu ro ve Higp djnh, tdn dyng dUpc nhQng cd hfli md Higp djnh mang Igi vd nfiu len nhDng thach thflc ddng chu y tdi chinh phu cac nudc thanh vien. Higp dinh eung bao gom nhflng cam ket cy t h l ve phdt then va nang cao nang lyc thUdng mgi de ddm bdo rang tat cd cac Bgn d l u co the ddp Qng dupc nhOng cam k i t trong Higp djnh vd tan dung dupc ddy dQ nhflng lpi fch eua Hiep djnh.
NSn ting cho hoi nhap khu vtfc.
Hiep djnh TPP dUdc ra ddi de tgo ra nen tang eho vige hpi nhap kinh te khu vpc vd dupe xay dung de bao ham cd nhflng n l n kinh t l khac xuyen khu vpe chau A - Thai Binh DUdng.
NhQng thugn Ipi va cd hpi dgt dupc khi Vigt Nam gia nhapTPP
Thani gia TPP vdi tu each la mgt trong nhung thdnh vien dau tidn se giup ndng eao vj t h l cua Vigt Nam trong khu vpc cung nhu trgn trudng quoe t l , giup Viet Nam thpe hign dudng Ifii doi ngoai dpc ldp, tp chQ, da phUdng hoa vd da dgng hda quan h g q u o c t g .
V I mat kinh t l , theo tinh loan cua cac chuyen gia kinh t l dpc ldp, trong d i l u kign cae y l u t l khde deu ttiuSn lpi, TPP cd t h l giup GDP cQa Vi6t Nam tang thgm 23,5 ty USD vao nSm 2020 va 33,5 ty USD vao ndm 2025.
Xuat khdu se tang them dflpc 68 ty USD vdo nam 2025. Theo cac nghign cflu nay, Viflt Nam co thl la nudc dUde hUdng loi n h i l u nhattrong s l 12 nude tham giaTPP.
Doi vdi xudt khau, vi$c cic ni^, trong dd cd cac thi trUdng idn nhiiHos Kjf, Nhit Ban va Ca-na-da giam ftrf nh$p khiu ve 0% cho hing hoa ala Viet Nam se tao ra "cd hic^' idn Rieng ngdnh dgt may, kim nggcii{^
t h l tdng dang k l . Theo tfnh toan, d 1 ty USD kim ngach xuat khau ii^ng dgt may se tgo ra khoang 250.000 vigc iam cac loai. NhQ vdy, nlu idtn nggch dgt may tdng, eo the tao ra n h i l u vige idm mdi. Ngoai ra, vdi quy mfl xudt khdu dQ ldn, Viet Nam seco d i l u kien thu hut dau tu vdo ITnh vi/c dgt, nhupm va san xudt nguygn pliv lieu. Day la mat tich cpc cua quy tic xudt xQ "tQ spi trd di", giup Vigt Nam tdng gid trj nfii dja cho hang mayx^t khdu va giup nganh may phdt trien ben vflng trudc cac doi thu cgnli tranh t i l m tang.
TUdng tp dgt may, edc m$t hang gidy dep cQa Viet Nam cung se coco hfii tang dang ke xudt khau. Vdi cac mdt hdng nfing, Idm, thQy sdn, odW tdng xuat k h i u cung rat Idn.
Tham gia TPP se giQp Vigt Nam va cac nudc co dUdc cdc cd iioi m*
tQ c h u l i eung Qng mdi, dUpc hbih thanh sau khi TPP cd hieu Ipc. Cac nudc TPP chiem tdi 40% GDP vi 30% thUdng mgi todn cau, l^i b»
g i m cdc thi trudng ldn nhU Hoai<y.
Nhdt Bdn, chac chdn se md ra ro n h i l u cd hfli khi chufii cung Qngnw hinh thdnh. Mflt so tdp dodn, cfing^
Idn trdn t h l gidi da cdn nhdc dauW vdo Vidt Nam vdi mge tidu bien ViJ Nam trd thdnh mflt trong nhiing«
d i l m quan trpng trong chu&i sdnxuM cQa hp. Tham gia TPP se giiip # hudng ndy phat t r i l n j n g n h hdn.JJ d i l u kign quan trpng de nfldc tabifW
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NGHIEN Cl7U - TRAO D 6 I
sang giai dogn phdt t r i l n cde ngdnh mdi, ed hdm luong cfing nghd eao hdn.
Cdc doanh nghigp cQa ta cQng se ed d i l u kign tham gia vdo thj trudng mua sdm efing eua Hoa Ky, Nhgt Bdn, Ca-na-da v..v. Theo s l li^u cQa Hoa Ky, ehf tfnh rieng mua sdm cfing cdc togi hdng hda, vgt dgng vdn phfing thfing thudng cQa cde cd quan chinh q u y l n lien bang Hoa Ky hdng ndm da vdo khodng 10- 12 ty USD. Ddy cung id mgt kgnh tigu thg hdp ddn d l i vdi hdng xudt khducQaVigtNam.
Cung nhu tham gia T l chflc ThQdng mgi T h l gidi (WTO), tham giaTPP, mfit higp dinh thUdng mgi t g do t h l he mdi, se id cd hfli d l Vigt Nam t i l p tyc hodn thign t h l c h l , trong do ed the c h l kinh t l thj trudng, mflt trong ba dflt phd e h i l n jupe md Ddng la da xdc djnh; h i trp eho t i l n trlnh doi mdi mfi tiinh tdng trudng vd cd cdu Igi n l n kinh t l cua ta, d i n g thdi giup ta ed thgm ed hgi de hodn thign moi trudng kinh doanh theo hudng thfing thodng, minh bgch vd d l dp dodn hdn, tQ dd thuc ddy cd ddu t u trong nude tdn ddu tU nude ngodi. Dgc bigt, vige hodn thign vd tdng eudng efing tdc bdo hg q u y l n SHTT se md ra cd hfii thu hut ddu tu vdo nhQng ITnh vpe cd hdm lupng tri thQc cao, thf dg nhu sdn xudt dUpc phdm, trong dd cd t h u l c sinh hpc (dge bigt Id vdi vdc-xin vd mfit s l sdn phdm ta cd budc phdt t r i l n mgnh trong cdc ndm qua).
VS mit xa hdi. tham gia TPP sd tgo ra cac ed hfli giQp ndng eao t i e dg tdng trudng. Hg qud la se tgo thdm n h i l u vigc Idm, ndng cao thu nhgp vd gdp phdn xod ddi gidm nghgo. Tdng trudng kinh t l cung gjQp ta cd thgm n g u I n Ipc d l cdi thign chat IPpng n g u I n nhan lgc vd ehdm sde sQe khde egng ddng. Do nhgp khdu tQ Hoa Ky vd cdc nude TPP ehua cd FTA vdi ta phan Idn Id khflng cgnh tranh tn/c tiep, ndn n l u cd mflt Id trlnh gidm t h u l hpp ly, k i t hpp vdi liodn thign hg t h i n g an sinh xd hgi, ta cd t h l xQ ty dupc ede vdn d l xd hgi ndy sinh do tham gia TPP.
Dge bigt, do Higp djnh TPP bao g l m cd cdc cam k i t v l bdo vg mfii trudng ngn t i l n trlnh md cQa, t g do hda thQdng mgi vd thu hQt ddu tQ se dQpc thpe hign theo each thdn thign vdi mfii trQdng hdn, giup ta tdng trQdng b i n vflng hdn.
Cudi cung, v l thi chi, tUdng tp n h U W T C H i g p d j n h TPP vdi cde tidu ehudn rdt cao v l qudn trj minh bgch vd hdnh xQ khdch quan cQa bfl mdy Nhd nUde sd giup ta t i l p tgc hodn thign Nhd nUdc phdp q u y l n XHCN;
Thuc day hodn thign bg mdy theo
hudng tinh gpn, trong sgch, vflng mgnh; D i y mgnh cai each hdnh chinh; Tdng eUdng trdeh nhiem, ky lugt, t<y CUdng vd phdng chong ttiam nhung, ldng phf, quan ligu.
NhQng t h a c h thQc ma c h u n g ta p h d i d d i mdt
Hpi nhdp qudc t l ndi chung va hgi nhgp kinh t l qudc t l ndi rigng lufln di kem vdi cdc rui ro vd thdch thQc. Tuy nhidn, kinh nghigm quoc t l eung nhu cQa nude ta trong 30 ndm d l i mdi, hpi nhgp vQa qua eho thdy mdt thuan lpi Id mat ed bdn, ehQ y l u , rdi ro vd thdch thQc Id cd t h l k i l m sodt dupc n l u ed sp thong nhdt v l nhgn thQe rQi ro vd hdnh dfing d l phdng c h i n g rQi ro, vQpt qua thdch thQc.
Thich thdc ve kinh ti Vdi mfit so chQng logi nong sdn md Hoa t<y vd mfit s l nudc khde trong TPP (6-xtrgy-Iia, Niu Di-ldn, Chi-lg) cd t h l mgnh, sQe ep cgnh tranh Id khd Idn khi t h u l dQpc dQa v l 0%, trong dd n l i bdt Id thjt ipn, thjt gd.
Mfit s l sdn pham cfing nghigp md bgn hdng TPP c6 t h l mgnh cunb cd t h l gdy khd khdn cho sdn xuat cQa ta, thi dg nhu giay, thdp, o to. Mgt s l sdn phdm ede nude TPP c6 sdn xudt, t h u l nhgp khdu cQa ta dang dupe duy tr) d mQe cao, nhung vigc hg t h u l v l 0% ehu y l u se gdy gidm thu t h u l nhgp khau Id chfnh, khfing gdy ra sQc ep egnh tranh, bao g l m : bdnh kgo, chdt tay rQa, dfi trang sQe, sdn phdm kim logi (chQ y l u la d l b I p ) , d i l u hda khdng khf, do npi thdt, xe mfi-tfl phdn k h l i Idn, rupu, t h u l c Id.
Thich thdc ve hoin thien khung khi phip iuit. thi chi
Cdc tigu c h u i n c a o v l qudn trj minh bgch vd hanh xQ khach quan cua bfi may Nhd nUde se dgt ra nhflng thdeh thfle tdn eho bfl mdy qudn ty. Tuy nhign, ddy cung Id nhflng tieu ctiudn ma chQng ta dang hudng den de xdy dpng mflt Nhd nPdc phdp q u y l n XHCN, thpe sp cQa ddn, do ddn va vl ddn, vdi dpi ngu can b g , cong chQe ed phdm ehdt, nana fge, ky ludt, ky cUdng.
Chfnh phu sd chu dflng xay dpng chUdng trinh d l thpc hign cdc tidu c h u i n eao ndy cQa TPP. Di thpe thi cam k i t trong TPP, se phdi d i l u chinh, sQa doi mgt s l quy djnh phdp iugt v l thupng mgi, ddu tu, dau thdu, sd hflu tri tug, lao dflng, mfii trudng _
Thidi thdc vi xa hdi Cgnh tranh tdng ten khi tham gia TPP cd t h l Idm cho mpt so doanh nghigp, trudc h i t Id edc doanh nghigp vdn dpa vdo sp bao cdp cQa Nhd nudc, edc doanh nghigp ed cfing nghg sdn xuat vd kinh doanh
Igc hdu rdi vao tinh trgng khd khdn, keo ttieo dd td khd ndng thdt nghigp trong mflt bfl phdn lap dfing se xdy ra. Tuy nhidn, do phdn ldn edc n l n kinh te trong TPP khfing cgnh tranh trpc t i l p vdi ta, nen ngogi trfl nifit s l it sdn pham nflng nghiep, dp k i l n tdc dfing nay la cfl tfnh cgc bfl, quy mfi khflng dang k l va chT mang tfnh nganhgn.
D i n g thdi, vdi cd hfli mdi cd dupe, ta se ed d i l u kign de tgo cflng an vige Idm mdi, giup c h u y i n djch cd cau kinh t l sang cac ngdnh ta thpc sp CO Ipi t h l cgnh tranh.
Thich thdc vS thu ngin sach Do ty trpng thu ngdn sach tfl t h u l nhdp khdu dang gidm ddn qua cde nam, vigc xoa bd t h u l nhgp k h i u tgi dupe thpc hign theo 16 trlnh, ngn v l cd bdn se khflng gdy tdc dgng Idn vd dot ngfit. Bgn cgnh dfl, khi xda bd t h u l ntigp khdu theo Id trlnh, thu tQ t h u l nhgp khdu cd the gidm nhQng bu Igl, sd thu tQ cde sde t h u l khac se tang tdn do sdn xudt, kinh doanh phdt t r i l n , khflng nhflng dQ de bu d i p s l thu mdt di tQ t h u l nhdp k h i u md cfin bo sung thdm eho ngdn sdeh nhd nudc. Vigc tfnh todn tac dfing cQa Higp djnh TPP ten nguon thu tfl hang nhap k h i u , vi vdy, cdn dUpc nhin theo cd 2 hudng. t h p e t i l n eho thdy viec gidm t h u l nhdp khau theo cam ket WTO vd theo 8 FTA da cd higu Ipe khfing dnh hUdng tieu cgc tdi thu ngan sdch. T i n g thu tfl hdng nhdp khau vdn tdng deu hang ndm k l tfl ndm 2006.
Vdi t h u l xudt khdu, do ta giQ Igi t h u l xuat khdu doi vdi mflt so mgt hdng quan trpng nhat nhu dau thfl, than dd, mgt s l logi khodng sdn kim logi ndn dg k i l n tde dflng d i n thu ngdn sdch se khfing dang k l .
Tdm Igi, Higp djnh TPP dUpc ky k i t da hinh thdnii mflt khu vpc thQdng mgi tp do vdi 800 trieu ddn, c h i l m 30% kim ngach thPdng mgi todn cdu va gdn 40% sdn Ippng kinh te t h l gidi. D l i vdi Vigt Nam, vigc tdng khd nang cgnh tranh cQa hang hoa vao cde thi trudng rflng Idn nhu Hoa Ky, Nhdt Bdn, C a n a d a , se dem Igi n h i l u co hfii eho xudt khdu cQa Vidt Nam, thu hut von ddu tu nUdc ngodi, md rfing cac hogt d o r ^ dich vg, tgo t i l n d l cho phdt t r i l n sdn xudt trong nude tham gia vdo chudi cung Qng todn edu. Tuy nhien, eung vdi Ipi fch md TPP cd t h l dem Igi, Vigt Nam cGng phdi d l i didn vdi khfing ft thdch thfle. Do dd', TPP cung la ed hgi d l Vigt Nam ddy mgnh hdn nfla cfing cuflc tdi ed cdu n l n kinh t l , c h u y i n dot mfl hinh tdng trudng de cfi t h l tan dgng dupe tfli da nhQng ipi fch tQ TPP.
HANH HIEU S0 45-THANG 12/2015
