So 11 (26SVJ017 N G 6 N N G f & B p l S 6 N G 87^
NGON NGiTvA V A N H 6 A I
NHCTNG DLV D A N H CO THANH T 6 LA TIENG THAI d HUYEN PHU YEN TINH SON LA
NGUYEN BUY H O A N G *
T 6 M TAT: Phft YSn 14 mft huyfn ndm ft phia Ddng Bdc cfta tinh Son La. Cu dSn hi$n sinh sing 4 Phft Yen gdm nhieu thdnh phln dan tfc, trong dft chft yeu Id cdc ddn tfc Muftng, Thdi, Mdng vd Kinh.
Tuy nhien, trong cdc dja danh cua huyfn ndy ttii cdc dja danh cd thdnh t l tilng Thdi l^i chiim ti If cao nhat (73%). VI the, bdi vi^t ndy khdo sdt ( ^ diem cfta cdc dja danh ndy nhSm chi rO svr tham gia cfta tieng Thdi vdo d u tgo dja danh ft Phft Yfin; g6p phln vdo nghign cftu vai trft cfta tilng ddn tfc trong cdu tgo dia danh ft vftng ddn tfc thilu s6.
T C K H O A ; dia danh; ttlng Thdi; huyfn Phft YSn; tinh Son La.
NHAN BAI: 23/9/2017. BIEN TAP-CHINH SITA-DUYST DANG: 1/11/2017
L Phft Yen Id mdt huyfn ndm d phia Ddng Bdc cfta ttnh Son La, phia Tay gidp huyfn BIC Ydn, phia Nam giap huyfn Mfc Chau, phia Eidng Nam gidp huyfn Da Bdc (Hfta BinhJ, phia Ddng gidp huyfn Thanh Son (Phft Thp), phia EJdng Bdc gidp huyfn Tan Son (Phft Thp), phia Bdc gidp huyfn Vdn Chan (Yen Bdi). Tmng tam huyfn Phi Yen Id cdnh ding Muftng Tac (cdnh ding rfng flift ba d Tdy Bde). So vdi cac huyfn khac trong ttoh Son La, Phft Ydn !d vftng dia hmh thip.
Cu ddn hifn sinh sing d Phft Ydn gIm nhieu ttidnh phan ddn tfc. Theo dilu tta dan sl ndm 2009, din sl todn huyfn Phft Ydn Id 21.984 hf vdi 106.505 nhan khau, ttidnh phan cu ddn chft yeu gIm S dan tfc: Muong 46218 ngudi (chiem 43,89%); Thai 29.696 ngudi (28,2%); Ktah 13.784 ngudi (13,09%);
Mdng 9.783 ngudi (9,29%); Dao 5.444 ngudi (chiim 5,17%).
Trong cdc dia danh cau tgo phftc cd flidnh to ddn tfc fliilu s6, ttii dja danh cd thdnh t l Id ttlng Thdi ehilm ti If cao nhat (71,42% ). Vi thl, trong bdi viit ndy, chftng tdi tfp trung khdo sdt cac dia danh nay nhdm chi ro svr ttiam gia efta tilng Thdi elu tgo dia danh d Phft Ydn.
2. Khdo sat cho thiy, cdc ylu to tft vvmg cfta tilng Ihdi tham gia cau tao cdc dia danh d Phu Yen nhu sau:
1) Dia danh dupe ggi theo hinh dang cua dli tupng. Vi dvi:
Bdn Chiing. chiing ttong tieng Thdi ed ngMa id "ttung tam, bdng phdn^'; bdn cd dia hlnh lAig phdng; thudng cd vi tti d tnmg tam mudng.
Bdn Vi:vi ttpngtiing Thdi cd nghia id "cai qugt"; bdn htoh cdi qugt Bdni'im:pimttDngtilngThaild"mui1dn"; bdn htah mui ten.
2^ Dja danh dupe gpi theo kich thude cfta dli tupng. Vi dvi:
Ban Pu Luong: pu ttting tieng Thdi cd n ^ a Id "nfti"; luong ttong tieng Thdi cd ngh& id "ldn"; bdn (cd) nfti ldn.
3) Dia danh dupe dgt theo tuih chit cua doi tupng. Vi dy:
Bin Panh: panh ttxmg tilng Thdi cd ngMa id "sfta lgi (mdi)"; bdn sfta lgi mdi.
Ban Me Ban: me Uong tieng Thdi cd nghia id" md rf n^', ban ttong ttlng Thdi cd ngMa Id "mdi md ifng cd hgnh phftc"; bdn mdi md rpng.
Bdn Cdu: cdu ttong tilng ttidi cd ngMa id "cu"; bdn cH 4) Dia danh dupe ggi theo mdu sdc cfta dli tupng. Vi dy:
Bdn Hin: hin trong tieng Thai cd ngbta id "qud dd"; bdn qud dd.
5) Dia danh dupe gpi theo dia hinh cfta dli tupng. Vi dy:
Bijn7?iam.<'"*"ft«ngd^gThaicdn^Id 'hang",bdn hang.
Bin Ld Mudng: Id trong tieng Thdi cd ngMa id "cuoi"; ban euli mudng.
Bdn Pung: Pimgttaag tilng Thdi cd nghia Id "vung bftn"; bdn (cd nhiiu) vung bftn.
'Sd Gido due vi Bdo tgo San La; Email: [email protected]
88 N G 6 N N G f & B ^ I S O N G So 11 (265)-2017
6) Dja danh g?! theo vi tri, khong gian cOa doi titi?ng so vdi doi tirgng khic. Vf dy:
Bdn Khoang: khoang trong t i ^ g Thdi c6 nghTa 1^ "ngangf'; bdn ngang (nSm ngang theo dja hinh d6c tur cao xuong Oi^); b ^ ngang. , ,
Bdn Phieng Luang: phiSng trong tilng IMi c6 nghia 1^ "bang phSn^'; luang Id bien dm ciia
"lu6ng", c6 ngiua i^ rOng ldn; bdn nuong bSng (nuong bSng Id nuong c6 dBa hinh tuong d6i bSng phan^.
Bdn Cang: eang trong tilng Thdi co nghia la "giiJa"; bdn gjQa.
Bdn Cdng: cong trong tieng Thdi c6 n^:fe Id "phfa du6i"; ban phia du6i.
7) Dja danh ggi theo lo^i cSy c6i duoc tr6ng hojc mpc nhieu t^ khu vvc d6. Doi vm dja danh h ^ chfnh bi^^n Phu YSn, each d^ danh nay tuong doi ph6 b i ^ . Vi dy:
Bdn Ban: ban trong tieng Th^ c6 nghta Id "cdy hoa ban"; bdn cdy hoa ban.
Bdn Kham: kham trong ti^g Thdi c6 ngMa la "cdy me"; bdn cay me.
Bdn Co Puc: co trong tilng IhH c6 i^h& Id "cdy", puc trong tilng Tbdi c6 n ^ a Id "bu6i"; ban cay bu^.
Bdn Co Nga: co trong tieng Th^ c6 nghia Id "cay", nga trong tilng Thii chi mpt lo^ tre; b ^ cdy tre.
Bdn B^: biu: Id phdt am ch?ch ciia buatroii^ tieng Tbdi c6 n ^ a la "hoa sen"; bdn hoa sen.
8) Dia danh ggi Iheo con v|t nu6i ho§c xu^ hi?n nhiiu d d6. Vf dy:
Bdn Nd Ng^: nd trong tilng Thdi co n ^ a Id "niOng", ngua trong tilng TMi c6 n^iia Id "con b6";
ban mgng con bd.
Bdn Noong La: noong trong tier^ Tbdi c6 nghia Id "ao", la trong tilng Tbdi c6 nghia Id "con eft cuong"; ao (c6 nhiiu) con cd cuong.
Bdn Noong Dik: noong Irong tilng Thdi co nghia la "ao"; due trong tili^ Tbdi cd n ^ a Id "con ca tri: bdn (c6) ao (nu6i) ca tre.
Cfing din luu ;;^ Id, cdc thdnh t6 dia danh Id tilng Th^ cd n g ^ nSu tren nhieu khi nhu Id "bilu tnmg"
ho$c "dau ^ " luu giii l^i. Vf dy: dja danh Noong Vai, khdng ph^ Id cd xd ndy li6ng toan song mSy va nguifri dan sing chu ylu dya vao nguon thu ^ edy song mSy mang lai. Cijng v%y, ede ylu tl rtigt, tgo, nd liu, phai ldng trong m0t s6 chua tim du^c can nguyen ngu ngMa ma mdi chi hilu ngMa ciia cic ^a danh 6 miic nh$n bilt chung chung Id: nhgl (yahxi Id), nd liu (nd: ru^ng, liu: cdy ehanh),/j/ui Img 0)hai dap n ^ nuoc suoi). Cung vay, theo thdi gjan "v$t d6i sao rdi" nSn trong khi dia daidi khdng Ihay doi nhung dia phuong dd da c6 thay dli ve dja Wnh, cdy trong, phuong tinic canh tac, v.v. Day chfoh li "diu an" thdi gian ciia dia danh.
3. Cdc dja danh d huy?n Phu Y8n c6 tiidnh t l Id tieng Th^ phdn dnh nhihig d$c ^em cua chlnh doi tugng hode cac sy vgit c6 li&i quan din dli tupng. Day Id cdeh djnh danh tiieo l6i hyc quan sinh d^ng, nhQng d§c diem ndo cd 6 dli tuong d ^ vdo mdt tfii n^idi ngucri ta thucmg lay cdi dd lam If do d$t ten.
Chang h^n, cac doi tugmg dia U md (fia danh phdn dnh ludn di doi vdi hi^n tiiyc nhu song, suli, mpng, mii, hang, nuong hay dgng tiiyc v|t tin t^i tr6n dja bdn eiing dupe phdn dnh h i ^ tiiyc vao dia danh. Vi dy: chdm (triing lay) trong bdn C h ^ , bd (md nude) trong bdn Bd, cU (ti5u) tix>ng bdn Cii^pifC (cay buoi) trong bdn Pyc, cdong (vdng xuing) trong bdn Cdong. Cdc ylu t l tieng Thdi tiong dja danh hdnh chinh huy?n Phd Y6n phdn anh tinh da d ^ g ctia ede lo^ hinh dli tupng dia li. C6 till qiQf ve mOt nhdm chii yeu nhu sau:
Thii nhat, nhdm ^ danh phdn dnh nhQng d ^ dilm, tinh ehit, mdu sdc c u a ^ i tupng dupe dinh danh vd moi quan h^ giua doi tirpng dd vdd cdc dli tupng, sy v§t, h i ^ tupng, yeu to khdc cd ii&i quan, nhir
- Phdn dnh dia hhih kiln tgo cila doi tupng dia If, vf dy: bdn Nd Phdi (phdi: vdi bong), b ^ Mwng Pimg (biing: viing bim), bdn Bdng Sen...
- Phan dnh hinh ddng elu tnic cua doi tirpng ^ a If:
+Nhiing ylu t l kM^ ngudi ta lien tudng (in sy v ^ hi§n tirpng nao dd, eo till id cdc con v3t hay cic dyng cy sinh boat, vf du: bdn Cang (giiia), ban Khoang (bdn ngang), bdn Pudi Nua (phfa tren), ban Pwi
S6 11 (265VJ017 N G 6 N NGf & B 6 I S 6 N G 89^
Tg (phia dudi), ban Ludng (to).
^ +NhQng yeu ^ phdn dnh Wnh ddng, kien tiiic, c ^ t^o eiSa dli tirpng theo sy tudi^ tupng, lien tudng ve mpt Wnh dnh tuong dong ciia doi tupng vdi m$t dli tupng, sy v$t, W ^ tupng khdc ndo dd. Vf dy:
Ngm Chiiu (khe suoi), bdn Suit Buang (edv tre buong), bdn Wng (cdi eii).
+ Chi mii, vj ciia d6i tupng dupe xuat Mfn tiong 2 ffia danh: bdn Kem (bdn mSn), bdn Sdn (qud chua).
Thur hai, nhdm ^ danh chiia cdc ylu to phdn dnh mii quan he gjQa dli tupng dupe dinh danh vdi cac doi tupng, sy vgt, bign tupng, ylu to khdc cd liSn quan, nhin
- V i ^ dCing ten cdy, cd...dl <^t ten d a danh Id mpt h i ^ tupng kha phi biln, bdi thyc vat Id ylu t6 ty nhi&i g ^ gui vdi eon ngucri mang tfcih trye quan vd ttiudng dupe n h ^ biet sdm. Qua dia danh ehfing ta cd till biet dupe nhung Iodi tiiyc v§t ndo dupe sinh sing ti^ viing dat ehiia cdc (Ea danh. Cd till timy, till gidi tiiyc vgt dupe phdn dnh mOt each phong phii qua ^ a danh hdnh chfnh b u y ^ Phil Yen. Chdng han, nhu ten cua cay lay qud, cdy iky la, cdy lay gS,...Vf dy: bdn Co Puc (edy budi), bdn Mdn (cdy Ddu), ban JVa i<7v (cay inang lay), ban Khcmt (cdy me), ban Nd Phdi (edy bdng), bdn Suii 6 (edy lau s|y), bdn Bdi Lau (cdy lau say).
- Cdc logi dOng vdt dupe phdn anh tit>i^ d a danh hdnh chmh h u y ^ PhCi Yen cWim ti 1? khd ldn bao gom ea dpng vgt tren egn lln dudi nude. E)d la nhiing lo^ d^ng v§t gdn lien vdi ddi sing sinh hogt, sdn xuat ciia ngudi dan tpe Thdi. Vidy: bdn BiJcife (bdn ehdn de), ban Pa(ed),bdniimg.Kftoa/(lui^tidu), Noong Cop (ao Ich), Noong Khuy?t (ao nhdi). Nhiing dpng v|t ndy diu rkt quen tiiupc, de g ^ d riing ndi Son La.
- Chl cdc logi khoang san, vf dy: Nd Khdm (md vdng).
- Chi v\ tri eua doi tupng, vf dy: bdn Ld (cuoi), bdn Cang (giiia), bdn Khoang (ngang).
- Chi sdn pham Idnh tc d ^ trung eua ^ a phuong, vf dy: ban Nd Lgy (mdng lay), bdn Co P^c (cdy budi).
4. Cd the ndi, cd nWeu dia danh hdnh chuih huy^n Phfi Y€n ed tiidnh t l ri€ng Id tilng ddn tOc, trong dd ehu ylu Id tieng Tli^. Cdc thdnh t l ndy phdn dnh ddi song mpt flidi ciia ngudi dan tii vi tri dia If din dBlu ki^n canh tdc vd cdc phucmg tiiiic canh tac, cdy ti^ng, vat nudi. Tuy nW§n, ddy ciing cW Id nhting nghi6n c ^ khdo sdt bude d ^ ciia chiing toi.
TAI LCPU THAM KHAO
1. Ban ch^ hdnh £»iig b$ tinh Sen U ^002X J^/cA SI? £>ar^ bf! (£tA &n £a (% t). Nxb aifnii H 2. Ban d i ^ hdnh Ddng bO iMi Son 1^ P002), IjcA si>£>»?g W Aift SOT i a (tft) 2). 1**
3. Ban d»^ htoh Ddng bO tinh Son U (2002), i.p:A si>£>ar^ W (mA SOT Z^ (Ift) 3). Nxb CMih tn Q ^ 4. Cki Tr^mg (1978), AfswW 77iA'(7 rav B&; f'iP'A^om-Nxb Khoa hgc xa hOi, ™
5. dim C i ^ (1993), 7&n A»OT vdfl Ape (iSn rpc TTid/ff Fl^^im. N ^ 6. C ^ Ti^ng, Ng8 Dlte Thjnh (1999), iJita/?«: 7^/<7 f'l^ Afam (i(^ g ^ 7. Oiucmg trinh TMi hpc, F^b) A(5a v d / ^ 5if aia ngiflW TM'Ff^Aam. Nxb Vto b6a D ^
8. Hotog Luong (1979), V&i d^ diim sinh hogt vdn hda v^ chit cua ngudi Mudng v& f^gutJi' Tha d vio^ hin cu A&D/^ Trfc, tiidng bSo dto tpe hpc. Hi NOI
9. Hotog Luong (1981), Quan h$ ^ia cdc d^ hgvdhdn rJidn h^hi?pd Mudi^ Tdc (PM Yen&m La), suu tft) din tOc hgc, HdNOi
10. Hotog Luong {20\A), Ngudi TiyJhdi c6& Viet Nam. Nxb Dgi hgc Quic gja HdNOi.
11. Vi|n Dto tOc hgc, Tif/ipa vi//eft SI/vd *5 A(J( (im rpc 7M/. Nxb Khoa hgc Xft hOi, H^ NOi, 1977.
Abstract: Phu Yen is a district located in tiie nortiieast of Son La Province. Residents living in Phu Yen are fiom many etiinic groiq)s, in which the latter ones are tiw Muong,Thai, Mong and Kinh. However, in place names of fliis district, those with elements fiom Thai language account for the highest proportion (73%). Thus, fliis pj^jer examines certain diaracteristies of these places to identify tiie participation of Thai language in PIiu Yen place name structure, contributing to tiie stutfy of ethnic langua^ roles in place name composition in areas of ettmic minority groups.
Key words: place names; Thai language; Phu Yen district; Son La province.
