Nghien ciiu - Trao doi
vHieu qua giam thieu phat thai khi nha kinh kiii suf dun^ dieu hoa khong khi dja nhiet thay the dieu hoa khong khi truyen thong
O PHAN VAN HUNG, DOAN V A N TUY^'N Vien Dia diit - Vidn Han Idm l^ioa hgc vd Cdng nghd Viet Nam
LUU Dire HAI
TrUdng Dai hge Khoa hgc TU nhidn - DH Qudc gia Hd N6i TRAN CHf V I I N
Khoa sau Dai hgc - DH Qudc gia Hd Ndi
D
iiu hod khdng khi dja nhiet dupc menh danh Id cdng nghd saeh cua thdky 21. Bom nhidt trong cdng nghd dliu hod khdng khi dia nhidt da dupc cdc nhd khoa hgc hdng dau Nhdt Ban gpi Id cdu tinh cda Trai dai trudc tham hpa ndng ISn todn edu. Bdi bdo nay gidl thidu mdt md hinh dliu hod khdng khi dja nhiet thd nghiem tai Vidn Dia chdt - Vien Hdn lam Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghd Vidt Nam cung nhu nghien cdu vi kha ndng tlii kiim ndng lupng vd giam thidu phdt thai khi nhd kinh cua cdng nghd ndy.Mddau
Ndng lupng cd vai trd vd cCing quan trpng ddi vdi SQ phdt triln cCia moi qudc gia. Hidn nay. cae nha kinh te va ky thudt dang chO y nhieu den cdc ngudn ndng lupng tdi tao nhu: Ndng IQpng sinh hpc, ndng IQpng mdt trdi, ndng lupng gid, ndng lupng thOy dien nho, nang lupng thOy trieu, ndng lupng sdng biln, ndng IQpng dja nhidt... Theo cde so lidu khoa hpc, tiem ndng dja nhidt cOa Trai dat rdt Idn, gap nhieu Idn cdc dang ndng lupng tai tao neu tren. Ngudn ndng IUdng vd tan dd cd d mpi noi tren Trdi dd't, nhung phdn bd khdng deu va khd khai thac. Nguon ndng lupng dta nhidt cd nhiet dp thap (<100 ^C) cd d mpi ndi vdi gradient dia nhiet trung binh 1^C/33 m dp sau dd dupc cac nha khoa hpc va cong nghd phdt triln dmg dung cho didu hod khdng khf trong cac khu nha cao tang.
Trong tinh hinh hidn nay, khi BOKH dang Id van de ndng Idn todn eau, viec tilt kiem ndng lupng va sQdung ndng lupng sach, ndng lupng tdi tao dang la phUdng chdm vd chinh sach cOa cdc qudc gia va todn thd gidi thi vide nghien cQu phat triln cdc kha 2 0 T6I nguygn vg Moi tnJdng | K^ 2-Thing 8/2015
ndng tiet kiem ndng iupng trong nghanh kJ thuat c6 y nghTa vd eung quan trpng. Theo sd lieu dieu tra nghien cQu ddi han he thing dieu hod khdng khi (DHKK) chiem khoang hdn 60% ting ndng lupng tieu thu cOa cdc toa nha cao tang. Tim ra giai phdp giam bdt ndng IQpng tieu thu cOa he thdng DHKK Id mdt phdn quan trpng cOa giai phap giam thilu phSt thai khf nha kfnh tQ dd giam nhe tae nhdn gdy nen BDKH. Cac hd thdng dieu hoa ddn cU nha cao t^ng theo giai phap mdi can dupc thidt k l theo nguydn tic
"dieu hod chung eho ea tod nhd". NhQ vdy. he thdng DHKK tieu thu mdt lupng dien khdng nho trong ting lupng dien tieu thu hang nam cCia ede tod nhd cao tang. Dieu do cho thay mdt tidm ndng tiet kidm ndng lupng neu thQc sued phUdng an tidt kiem ndng IQpng hidu qua eho he thing nay. Viec nay cd t h i thtic hidn dupc nd'u ta cai thidn phuong phap giai nhidt binh ngUng cOa he thdng didu hod bang each sO dung nhidt cua nude gieng khoan tQ Idng dat thay eho c^c phQdng phap giai nhiet truyen thdng khdc.
6 Viet Nam, vide nghien cCfU cd sd khoa hoc, cac dieu kien dia chat, phan bd nhidt dp dit vd nhu cau Qng dung bom nhiet dja nhidt trong dilu hod khdng khf dd dupe Vien Oia chat - Vien HLKHCN i Viet Nam thtic hien trong de tai trpng diem cap nha nudc "Nghien cQu ddnh gia mdt sd ngudn dja nhidt triin vgng vd cd diiu kidn khai thdc cho phdt triin '^
nang lugng d Viet Nam" ma sd KC08.16/11-15., Dl tai cung da trien khai lap dat md hinh dieu hod khdng khi dia nhiet eho Idm lanh vd sudi am vdi bdm nhidt 2 chieu mini kilu GHP07BW35/W7 nhim ddnh gid hieu qua thUc te ve tiet kiem ndng lupng va tQ d6 danh gia dupc mQc giam thilu phat thai khf nhd kfnh.^
Mo hlnh dilu hoa khong khi dja nhiet thur nghiem
Cac thid't bi chinh trong so do cong nghe nay bao gom :
Gieng cap na6c va gi^ng thai nirdc giai nhiet;
bdm hut nwac va bdm thai nuflc.
May nen; binh bay hdi; binh ngung tu; dan quat (FCU), phbng dieu khang (AHU); thap giai nhiet.
Nguyen tic hoat dong; Mua he md van V1,2,3,4 vi a6ng van V5,6,7,8, thap giai nhiet iSm mat binh ngung con AHU/FCU noi v6i binh bay hdi. Mua d6ng van VI ,2,3.4 dong, van V5,6,7,8 md, binh ngung ndi vai AHU/FCU con nudc gieng noi vdi binh bay hoi.
PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN COU So sanh COP ly thuygi
Dieu kifn de so sanh: Dieu kien ban dau chon theo dieu hoa cap 2 cho Ha Noi. iyija he, nhiet do ngoai trdi tfj = 37,8°C, do am tuong doi ip^ = 53,4%
vfli nhiat da udt t^, = 29,100, lam lanh phong, nuflc ianh 7'>C-12''C, nhiet thai cho nuflc gieng khoan 24°C-29°C. Mua dflng t^ = 8,6''c. do I m tuong doi
<PN = 83,4%, nhiet do uat t;, = 7,2°C, sufli am phong, nuflc nflng 45''C-50°C trong nha, nhiet thu cCia nuflc giS'ng khoan 24°C-19°C. Nhiet do nuflc giai nhiet ra t„,2 = 37°C, nhiet do nuflc ianh ra tc2 = 7°C.
May dieu hoa dijng de so sanh trong tnidng hop nay ia dieu hoS ffia nhiet GHP07BW35/W7 va 02 may dieu hoa truyen thflng LG cflng suat 24.000BTU cfl cflng suS't djnh danh tieu thu; 5.540W/h.
Biiu hoi khong khi truyin thong:
Nhiet da bay hdi; Vfli he thong Chiller do tinh chat tai lanh cCia nuflc tU Chiller tfli cac FCU hoac AHU theo tieu chuin didu hoa khflng khf Vi$t Nam nuflc lanh ra khoi Chiller b che do nhiflt do nhu sau;
t;j = 12<'C. t(2 = 7i'C;
Do dfl nhiet dp bay hd cCia mfli cha^ lanh yeu cau la;
Hinh V.Sddi dliu hoi khdng khi dia nhlit co thip giai nhiet mda hi vi node gieng mOa ddng
•0= tE-At„;.
Chon A t „ , . = 5K
to = 2»C , hoac To = 2 + 273 = 275 K Nhiat do ngung tu; De tinh toan ta chon vdi trudng hop giai nhiet gid ta ohon;
*= Nhiet da ngoai trdi - Nhiet dd ngung tu K khi dfl 'k = tN + Atk ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ 2 7 3 K .
Trong dd:
tii - nhidt dd nQde lanh vdo binh bay hdi
^2 - nhidt dp nude lanh ra khdi binh bay hdi to - nhidt dd sdi cOa mdi chat lanh tk- nhidt dd ngung tu cOa mdi chat lanh
*•*- hieu nhiet dp giOte nhidt dp ngUng tu va nhiet dp ngodi trdi
'^'"- hidu nhiet dp tdi thilu cOa thidt bj trao doi nhidt
tN- nhiet dp ngodi trdi.
He sd COP cOa chu trinh Carnot Id:
COP = To Tk-To Dieu hod khdng khi dja nhidt
Nhidt dp bay hdi: Odi vdi trudng hpp ndy thi gia trj nhiet dp ngung tu to van giQ nguydn vd tp = 20C
Nhiet dp nguhg tu:
Nhiet dp tK dupc tinh nhU sau:
V i ~ 'tbni tw2 - twi •*• 5K;
th = tw2 + 5K;
Trong dd:
t\ivi - nhiet dp nudc lam mdt vao binh ngung.
tw2 - nhidt dp nudc lam mat ra khdi binh ngung.
ttbn • "^'dt dp trung binh ndm cOa khdng khf ngoai trdi tai Ha Ndi.
He sd COP theo chu trinh Carnot Id:
PhUdng phap tinh toan giam nhe phat thai khi nha kfnh
Theo thdng bao sd 151/KTTVBOKH ngdy 26/3/2010 cOa Cue Khf tUpng ThOy vdn va Bien doi Khi hau ve: Tinh todn mdc tdng phat thai Qudc gia thf^o lae hoach cho giai doan 2020 vd 2025, xdc dinh
nang chuyin ddi theo Ca che sin xuat sach d . ~ ? Nam (cho quy hoach dien) thi cQ Ikw didn dupc
'1 doi bang 0,5764 kg khf CO2 phat thai.
Nhu vdy, sau khi tfnh toan dupe phan hieu qua Tai nguy§n vg Moi tradng | Ky2-Thing 8^015 J l
Bang 1: Kit qua tinh toin theo II thuyet COP, tieu thu ning lugng (TTNL) vi tiet kiem ning lugngiJKNLj cho hi thong DHKK dia nhlit vi
DHKK tnjyin thong Hang muc
Dang tu^n ho^n Nhiet do nuSc vao, ra binh bay hoi Nhiet ijo nufic vao/ra binh nqimq COP PIC TTNL TKNL
Don vi
•0
•C liW/kW kW/kW
% %
Dieu hoa dja nhift (GSHP) Vong h3 Vonq kin 19/14 45/50 5,978 0,167 66.5 43,5
Dieu hoa khong khi tnjyIn thong Vong kin
6,5/4,5 45/50 4,166 0,240 too 0 giam tieu thu nSng luong ta se tfnh dUdc hieu qua giam phat thai luong khi CO2 vao khong khi cOa he thong DHKK dia nhiSt so vfli he thong DHKK tmyen thflng.
Giam phat thai CO2 {NLTTQHKKTT NLTTBHKKBN)X 0,5764 (kg)
Trong dd ; NLTTBHKKTT • NSng luong ti§u thu BHKK truydn thflng
NLTT0HKKDN • Nang luong tieu thu BHKK dja nhiet.
Ke'j QuA
Nhu vay v^ mat ly thuyet, he thfl'ng BHKK dia nhiet cfl kha nang tiet kiem 43,5% nang luong tiflu thu so vfli h§ thong DHKK truyen thong.
Theo cflng su^t djnh danh hGfu [ch cOa BHKK truyen thong la 5,54Kw/h nhu vay moi gifl neu chay may DHKK dia nhiet thay th^ DHKK tmygn thong se giam duoc 2,41 Kw/h dien.
Theo thflng bao so 151/KTTVBBKH cOa Cue Khf tuong ThDy van va Bien doi Khi hau, cir 1 kw dien duoc quy doi bang 0.5764 kg khi COj phat thai, v i y moi gifl neu sCr dung he thflng BHKK dja nhiet thay cho he thong BHKK tmyen thflng se giam di duoc mot luong khf CO2 phat thai vao ty nhien la 1,389 kg.
Theo ket qua triln khai thyc nghiem trong 20 ngay quan trac thu thSp so lieu: He thflng DHKK flia nhiet (GSHP) cfl kha nang tiet kiflm 40,03 - 44,89%
nang luong tiSu thu so vfli he thfl'ng DHKK tmyen thong. Moi ngay sCt dyng hS thong DHKK dja nhiet thay cho he thong BHKK truySn thing se giam dl duac mot luong khi C02 phat thai vao ty nhien tU 7,45 10,93 kg, trong 20 ngSy chay may da giam thieu duoc 184,16 kg COj phat thai vao khflng khi.
2 2 Tai nguyfln vg M6I truong | Kj 8 - Tliani 8gQ15
KET LUAN
TCr cic ket qua nghien cUu xin dua ra mot sfl kSi luan sau ;
Kha nang dap Ung nhu clu dieu hoa khong khi cho cac toa nha cao tang bang cflng nghe dieu hoa khflng khf dja nhiet sO dung nguon nuflc ngam ag giai nhiet la kha thi, d l thyc hifln, de van hanh va hoat dflng on dinh.
Hieu qua giam tieu thy nang luong cOa thi nghiem cong nghe dieu hoa khflng khf dia nhi$t theo tfnh toan ly thuylt thi he thflng DHKK dja nliiet c6 kha nSng tilt kiem 43,6% nSng lugng so vfli BHKK truyin thong c6n theo thi!r nghi$m thyc te thi hi thong DHKK dia nhiet co kha nang tiet kiflm 40,03 - 44,89% nang luong tiflu thy so vfli hfl thong DHKK truyen thfl'ng.
Hlflu qua giam thilu phat thai khi nha kfnh bang cflng nghfl DHKK dia nhiet;theo thi nghiem thyc te mo ngay sit dyng he thong BHKK dja nhiet GHP07BW35/W7 thay t h i 02 may dilu hoa tmySn thflng LG cflng suat 24.000BTU se giam phat thai vao khflng khi tU 7,45 -10,93 kg khi C02. Trong 20 ngay quan trac chay may da giam thilu duoc 184.16 kg C02 phat thai vao khflng khf.
Viflc nghidn cUu va dua h§ thflng dilu hoa khflng khi dja nhi§t vao thyc t l khflng chi vfli muc dfch tilt klflm nang lugng ma muc dich chinh va to Ifln hfln la nfl xay dyng mgt cflng nghe cfl kha nang khai thac nguon ndng lugng mfli, sach, cfl kha nang tai tao, giam thieu phat thai khi nha kfnh va ben vCTng phuc vu cho mgt nen kinh t l phat tri^n virng manh iau dai. Be tai nghien cUu nay do dfl la rat cap thiet va hira hen mang iai nhieu ket qua va Igi ich to I6n nen rat mong nhan dugc sy quan tam cDa ianh dao cac cap.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Boan van Tuyln & nnk (2009). Nghien cilu danh gii tiim ningvi di xuit cac giai phip khai thac sdi dung ning ludng dia nhiet d Hi N6i. Bao cao tong kit de tai Khoa hoc Cflng nghe. Sfl Khoa hgc va Cong ngheHaNgi, tr121.
2. Ha Dang Trung, Nguyen Quan - 2005. Ca si ky thuit Biiu Hoi Khdng Khi. NXB Khoa hgc va ky thuat.
3. Nguyin Lan Dung (2007). Bia nhiet ngu6n ning lugng vo tin.
4. Nguyen DOt Lgi (2007). HUdng dan thiet kelii thdng dliu hoi khdng khi, NXB Khoa hgc va ky thuSt.
5. Burkhard Sanner (1995). Example Ground Source Heat Pump In Germany.m
