VE THl/C HIEN DAN CHLI
• •
TRONG GIAO DUG OAI HOC 6 Nl/6C TA HIEN NAY
NGUYEN THi HIEN OANH<'>
D
an chu hien nay da va dang trd thanh mpt xu the cua thdi dai, khong the dao ngUdc. Nhu ciu the hien cdi toi, "pha rao" cua nhdng khudn sao cu, dae biet d the he tre - the he nhay cam vdi nhdng ludng tU tudng van hoa mdi - do la dieu hay, dieu dang mdng va t i t nhien cung con nhieu dieu dang lo.Vi the, dan chu trong gido due ndi chung va giao due dai hpc ndi rieng ludn la de tai ndng bdng loi keo sii chu y cua bao gidi, cdng luan xa hpi cung nhU cac chuyen gia, cac nha khoa hpc, cac nha lanh dao. Cac van de nhU chit lUdng dao tao kem, sinh vien ra trUdng t h i t nghiep, sii xudng cap dao ddc hpc dUdng, chUdng trinh va npi dung giang day nang ne va b i t cap, van de dpi ngu giang vien, sii ba't binh dang trong giao due,... da vd dang lam cho ca xa hpi lo lang.
Lenin tdng cho ring, ngUdi khong biet chd ddng ngodi chinh tri, tntdc het phai day a, b, c cho hp da, khong the thi khong the c6 chinh tri. Khong the, thi chi CO nhdng tin ddn dai, nhiing chuyen nham nhi, nhdng chuyen hoang dUdng, nhdng thien kien chd khong phai la chinh
tri (3). Vi vay, viec nang cao trinh dp ddn tri, trinh dp van hda cho nhan dan la nhan to' cd ban de thiic hien ddn chu, giao due - dao tao la mpt trong nhdng tieu chi cua mpt xa hpi dan chu, bdi vi ddn chu Id bieu hien cua trinh do van hoa chinh tri, CO quan he mat thiet vdi trinh dp dan tri, van hoa ndi chung. Chi khi ndo ngUdi dan tli gide nhan thdc dUdc quyen ban va nghia vu cua minh, tii giac tham gia vao cong viec nha nUdc, cdng viec xa hpi, boat dpng vdi tu each la cdng ddn cd tri thdc, cd van hda,... thi mdi thiic sU cd dieu kien thiic hien ddn chu.
Trong gido due dai hpc, ddn chu the hien trong sinh hog.t, trong hoc thuat, tuy nhien dd la ddn chu co ki cUdng phdp luat, CO nguyen tdc chd khdng tuy tien chu quan. Dd la nguyen t i c bat di b i t dich ddi vdi ca ngUdi day lan ngUdi hpc.
I. Muc dich vd nguyen tdc cua viec thuc hien ddn chu trong gido due hien nay
Quyet dinh sd 04/2000/QD- BGD&DT ngay 1/3/2000 cua Bp trudng Bp Gido due - Ddo tao ve viec ban hanh
'*' TS., Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh khu vUc II.
24
Quy che dan chu trong hoat dpng cua nha trUdng da chi ro:
Thiic hien dan chu trong nha trUdng trUdc het la n h i m thiic hien td'i nha't, co hieu qua nhat nhdng dieu trong Luat Giao due theo phUdng cham "ddn biet, ddn bdn, ddn ldm, ddn kiem tra" thong qua cac hinh thdc dan chu triic tiep va dan chu dai dien.
Ben canh do, thiic hien dan chu trong gido due ciing la hUdng tdi dam bao cho cong dan, cd quan, to chdc dUdc quyen giam sat, kiem tra, dong gop y kien tham gia xay diing sii nghiep giao due, lam cho sii nghiep giao due thiic sii la cua dan, do dan va vi dan.
Thiic hien dan chu trong nha trUdng con nham phat huy quyen lam chu va huy dpng tiem nang tri tue cda ngUdi day va ngUdi hpc, dpi ngii can bp, cong chdc nha trUdng theo luat dinh, gop p h i n xdy diing nen nep, trat tii, ky cUdng trong mpi boat dpng cua nha trUdng, ngan chan cac hien tUdng tieu ciic va te nan xa hpi, thiic hien nhiem vu phat trien giao due phu hdp vdi dUdng loi, chu trUdng cua Dang va luat phap cua Nha nUdc (1, Dieu 1).
Viec thiic hien dan chu trong giao due phai tuan thu nguyen tac trUdc tien la: Md rpng dan chu phai dam bao sU lanh dao cua td chdc Dang theo nguyen tac tap trung ddn chu, thiic hien trdeh nhiem cua Hieu trUdng va phat huy vai tro cua cac to chdc, cac doan the trong nha trUdng. Thiic hien dan chu trong nha trUdng phai phu hdp vdi Hien phap va phap luat; quyen phai di doi vdi nghia vu va trach nhiem, dan chu phai gin lien vdi ky luat, ky cUdng trong nha trUdng. Ben canh do, cin xd ly nghiem
Thdng tin Khoa hpc xa hdi. sd 8.2010 minh nhdng hanh vi ldi dung dan chu, xam pham quyen tii do dan chu lam anh hUdng den uy tin va boat dpng cua nha trUdng(l, Dieu 2).
11. Nhung no! dung thuc hien dan chu trong gido due dai hoc oi nude ta hien nay
1. Doi vdi Hieu trUdng
Ling nghe vd tiep thu nhdng y kien cua ca nhan, td chdc, doan the trong nha trUdng va co cac bien phdp giai quyet dung theo che dp, chinh sach hien hanh cua nha nUdc, theo npi quy, quy che, dieu le cua nha trUdng va phu hdp vdi tham quyen, trach nhiem dUde giao cua hieu trUdng. . .;
Thiic hien che' dp hpi hpp theo dung dinh ky nhU hpp giao ban, hpp hpi ddng tu van, hpi nghi can bp cong chdc hang nam. Thiic hien che dp cong khai tdi chinh theo quy dinh cua Nha nUdc, cong khai cdc quyen ldi, che dp, chinh sach va viec danh gia dinh ky doi vdi nha giao, can bp, cong chdc, ngUdi hpc.
Gudng mau di d i u trong viec dau tranh cho'ng nhdng bieu hien khong dan chu trong nha trUdng nhU: ciia quyen, sach nhieu, thdnh kien, trii dap, gidu diem, bUng bit, ldm sai sU that, ldm trdi nguyen tdc va nhiing bieu hien khong dan chu khac.
Thiic hien nghiem tdc nguyen t i c tap trung dan chu trong quan ly nhd trUdng. Phdi hdp chat che vdi ede td chdc, doan the, cdc ca nhan trong nha trUdng, phat huy dan chu trong td chdc boat dpng cua nha trUdng. Hudng din, don ddc, kiem tra boat dpng cua c i p dudi triic tiep trong viec thiic hien ddn chu va kip thdi giai quyet nhiing kien nghi cua cap dUdi theo tham quyen dUdc
Ve thuc hien dan chd... 25 giao. Phd'i hdp vdi td chdc cdng doan
trong nha trUdng td chdc hpi nghi cdn bp cong chdc mdi nam mpt l i n theo quy dinh cua Nha nUdc (1, Dieu 4).
Phai liy y kien tham gia ddng gdp xay diing cua cdc ca nhan hoae cac td chdc, doan the trong nha trUdng trUde khi quyet dinh: Ke hoach phdt trien, tuyen sinh, day hpc, nghien edu khoa hpc vd cac hoat dpng khac cua nha trUdng trong nam hpc; Quy trinh quan ly dao tao, nhdng v i n de ve chdc nang, nhiem vu cua cac td chdc bp may trong nha trUdng; Ke hoach tuyen dung, dao tao, bdi dudng trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu cua nhd giao, cdn bp, cong chdc; Ke hoach xay diing cd sd vat c h i t cua nha trUdng, cac hoat dpng dich vu, san x u i t cua nha trUdng; Cdc bien phap td chdc phong trao thi dua, khen thudng hang nam, le Id'i ldm viec, xay diing npi quy, quy che trong nhd trUdng; Cae bao cao sd ket, tdng ket theo dinh ky trong nam hpc (1, Dieu 5).
2. Ddi vdi nhd trUdng
Thdng bao ve muc tieu dao tao, chUdng trinh va quy trinh dao tao, ke hoach tuyen sinh, cac npi quy, quy che cua nha trUdng. Thdng bao cdng khai cac che dp, chinh sach ddi vdi nha giao, cdn bp, cdng chdc va ngUdi hpc.
Dat hdm thii gdp y hodc cac hinh thdc gdp y khac de cac ca nhan, to chdc dodn the trong nhd trUdng thu^n ldi trong viec gdp y kien. Giai dap cac y kien vd giai quyet ddn thu khieu nai to^
cao theo ludt dinh.
Dinh ky mdi nfim it n h i t mpt lin, nha trUdng gap gd dai dien cua ngUdi hoc de nghe vd trao ddi giai quyet
nhdng v i n de giang day, hpc tdp, ren luyen, che dp, chinh sach, ve ddi sorig vat chit, tinh t h i n va nhdng v i n de khac trong Nha trUdng.
3. Ddi vdi gido vien, cdn ho, cong chiic
Thiic hien cac nhiem vu va quyen cua nha giao theo quy dinh cua Luat Giao due. Tham gia ddng gdp y kien ve nhdng npi dung quy dinh tai Dieu 5 cua Quy che dan chu trong giao due. Kien quyet dau tranh chdng nhdng hien tUdng be phai, m i t doan ket, ciia quyen, quan lieu va nhdng hoat dpng khac vi pham dan chu, ky cUdng, ne nep trong nhd trvfdng.
Thiic hi$n dung nhdng quy dinh trong Phap lenh Can bp Cdng chdc, Phap lenh Chdng tham nhung, Phap lenh Thiic hdnh tiet kiem. Giul gin p h i m chit, uy tin, danh dii cua nha giao, can bp cdng chdc, tdn trong ddng nghiep va ngUdi hpc; bao ve uy tin cua nha trUdng (1, Dieu 6).
Nhdng vi§c nha giao, can bp, edng chdc dUdc biet, tham gia y kien, giam sat kiem tra thong qua hinh thdc dan chu triic tidp, hoae thdng qua cac td chdc, doan the trong nha trUdng bao gdm: Nhdng chu triidng, chinh sach, che dp cua Dang va Nhd nUdc do'i vdi nha giao, can bp, cdng chdc; NhQng quy dinh ve sd dung tdi san, xdy diing cd sd vdt c h i t cua nhd trUdng; Viec giai quyet ddn thu khieu nai, td cao theo quy dinh cua Luat Khieu nai, to' cao; Cdng khai eac khoan ddng gdp cua ngUdi hpe, viec sd dung kinh phi vd chip hanh che dp thu chi, quyet toan theo quy dinh hien hdnh; Giai quyet cac che dp, quyen ldi, ddi sdng vdt chit, tinh t h i n cho nha
26 Thdng tm Khoa hoc xa hdi. sd 8.2010 giao, can bd, cong chdc, cho ngUdi hpc;
Viec thiic hien thi tuyen dung, thi nang ngach cong chdc, nang bac lUdng, thuyen chuyen, dieu dpng, de bat, khen thudng, ky luat; Nhdng v i n de tuyen sinh va thiic hien quy che thi tdng nam hpc; Bao cao sd ket, tong ket, nhan xet, danh gia cdng chdc hang nam (1, Dieu 7).
4. Ddi vdi ngUdi hoc
NgUdi hoc phdi dUdc biet nhiing ngi dung sau: Chu trUdng, che dp, chinh sdeh eua Nha nUdc, cua Ngdnh va nhdng quy dinh cua nha trUdng do'i vdi ngUdi hpc; Ke hoach tuyen sinh, ke hoach ddo tao cua nha trUdng hang nam; Nhdng thdng tin cd lien quan den hpc tap, ren luyen, sinh boat va cac khoan ddng gdp theo quy dinh; Chu trUdng, ke hoach td chdc cho ngUdi hpc p h i n d i u trd thanh dang vien Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, gia nhdp cac td chdc, cdc dodn the trong nhd trUdng (1, Dieu 8).
Nhiing viec ngUdi hoc dU(3c tham gia y kien: Npi dung, quy dinh cua nha
trUdng c6 lien quan den ngUdi hpc; Td chdc phong trao thi dua va cac boat dpng khac trong nha trUdng co lien quan den ngUdi hpc; Viec td chdc giang day, hpc tdp trong nha trUdng cd lien quan den quyen ldi hpc tap cua ngUdi hpc.
III. Viec thuc hien ddn chu trong gido due dai hoc li nude ta hien nay
Chi tin sd 296/CT-TTg ve ddi mdi quan ly giao due dai hpc giai doan 2010- 2012 dUdc Thu tudng Chinh phu ky ban hanh ngdy 27/2/2010, trong dd n h i n manh, coi viec ddi mdi quan ly gido due dai hpc la khau dot pha de tao sii ddi mdi toan dien cua giao due dai hpc; phat
trien quy md giao due dai hpc phai di ddi vdi dam bao c h i t lUdng dao tao; kien quyet chim ddt tinh trang khdng kiem soat dUdc c h i t lUdng dao tao; e i n tao ra cd che va dpng liic trong quan ly nha nude va quan ly cua cac cd sd dao tao de thiic hien muc tieu dam bao nang cao chat lUdng dao tao.
Dieu 39 - Luat Giao due 2005 quy dinh: Muc tieu gido due dai hpc Id dao tao ngUdi hpc c5 p h i m c h i t chinh tri, dao ddc, cd y thdc phuc vu nhan dan, co kien thdc va ndng liic thiic hanh nghe nghiep tUdng xdng vdi trinh dp dao tao, cd sdc khoe, dap dng yeu c i u xay diing va bao ve Td qud'c.
Viec thiic hien Quy che dan chu trong nha trUdng b cdc trUdng dai hpc nhdng nam qua da tao ra ludng gio mdi thdc ddy sii nghiep gido due, chin hUng d i t nUdc, d i u tranh cho'ng te quan lieu, tham nhung. Cung vdi dd Id viec tang cUdng vai tro lanh dao cua cac cip uy dang, de cao trach nhiem cua dpi ngu can bp, dang vien, cdng doan va cac dodn the trong trUdng hpe trong viec thiic hien Quy che ddn chu b cd sd. Vd day Cling chinh la dpng liic cho cac phong trao boat dpng cua cac td chdc trong nha trUdng. Viec td chdc thiic hien Quy che ddn chu b ed sd tai cac trUdng dai hpc, tren thiic te, da mang lai sii ddi mdi quan diem va phong each lanh dao theo hudng phat huy tinh t h i n dan chu ban bac do'i vdi can bp, cdng nhdn vien chdc trong nha trUdng.
Cung vdi viec thiic hien ddn chu, phong cdch sinh boat, hpc thuat cung cdi md, ddn chu hdn. Nhdng tin hieu ddng mdng co the nhdn t h i y la: Sinh vien CO the ngdi va ndi len y kien cua
Ve thire hien dan chii. 27 minh vdi giao vien; Sinh vien manh dan
van hdi nhdng va'n de hp con ban khoan ngay trong Idp hpc, co sinh vien tham chi thang than tranh luan tay doi vdi thay; Sinh vien cd the phan dng vdi thay CO mot each gay gat va ngay tdc thdi neu cac t h i y khong ehuan miic va cong tam,...
Song ben canh do, cung cdn nhieu van de dang ban, co the gpi Id nhdng quan niem sai lech ve dan chu b mpt bp phan khdng nho sinh vien va giang vien.
Do la sii thoai mai mpt each thai qua trong each an mac, sii tii do yeu dUdng trong Idp hpc, tham chi ngdi canh nhau va bay td tinh cam cdng khai trUdc tap the ma khdng miy ngai ngung cua sinh vien. Hien tUdng sinh vien the hien sii vo li, thieu van hoa cdng khong phai la hiem gap. Nhieu sinh vien gap thay co khong chdo, an noi epe ldc, an mac lo^
lang trong Idp hpc, yeu dUdng thieu khiem nha, ddnh nhau tren giang dUdng, ndi tuc, chdi bay. Ben canh do, con tinh trang di hpc mudn, nghi hpc di chdi, xin ra ngoai mpt each tuy tien, ndi chuyen hay lam viec rieng trong gid hpc, thieu ton trpng khdng khi chung cua tap the...
Ca giang vien va sinh vien khdng nen n h i m lan dan chu vdi tii do vo chinh phu, cung khdng nen mUdn cd dan chu de ldm nhdng viec trai nguyen tac, vo ldi lam anh hUdng den sii lanh manh cua giang dUdng vdn phai la mpt mdi trUdng van hda thiic sii.
Tom lai, each mang la sii nghiep cua q u i n chung - day la sach lUdc ma Dang ta va nhan ddn ta van dung thanh cong trong sii nghiep cho'ng ngoai xam bao ve Td qud'c. Trong bd'i canh todn ciu hoa hien nay, muo'n dat dUdc nhdng thanh qua to Idn trong sii nghiep giao due, chung ta phai phat huy dUdc sdc manh, tri tue cua ca cpng ddng, nhUng trUde het la nhdng ngUdi trong nganh, trong viec phat huy dan chu that sii. Do la each gop p h i n xay diing d i t nUdc theo muc tieu "ddn giau, nUdc manh, xa hpi cdng bang, dan chu, vdn minh", dao tao Idp Idp cac the he tUdng lai cua To qud'c, ddp dng yeu c i u ngdy eang cao cua sii nghiep cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda d i t nUdc, dUa he thd'ng giao due ndi chung va giao due dai hpc noi rieng cua nUdc ta sanh vai vdi nen giao due cua cdc nUdc phat trien tren the gidi, nhU long mong mdi cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ldc sinh thdi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bp Giao due vd dao tao. Quy che ddn chu trong hoat dpng cua nha trUdng (Ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh 04/2000/QD-BGD&DT, ngay 1/3/2000 cua Bp trudng Bp Giao due).
2. Quy che dan chu b cd sd. H.: Lao dpng, 2000.
3. V.I. Lenin toan tap. Tap 41. M: Tien bp, 1978.
