So thiinv-->'2n\(<- Nflm ihiTMifili MQi
DANG KY NHAN HIEU LIEN MINH CHAU AU - CO HQI VA THACH THlTC / D 6 I v d l NGU*6fI NQP »0(N VIET NAM
\y' LS Nguyin Thi Nggc Bich' 1. Co- so phap ly ciia he thong Nhan hieu nguyen tdc vl kiln frtic ddng tdn tgi va dgc tinh
. , : . -"^ • t.LS l-5„ „V,;„ ^,',n I7TIT\/1
Lien minh chau Au
Hp thdng Nhan hieu Lien minh chdu Au (EUTM) dupc khdi ddng bdng Quy djnh sd 40/94 ngay 20/12/1993 ciia Hdi ddng chdu Au va Vdn phdng Hdi hda thi trudng npi dja (gpi tdt la OHIM), nay la Co quan sd hixu tri tue
khdng phan chia ciia EUTM.
2. Cac nguyen tdc co ban ciia he thong Nhan hieu Lien minh chau Au
Nguyin tdc vi kien true dong ion tgi He thdng EUTM la mgt he thdng dgc lgp vdi he thdng ddng ky nhan hieu ciia cac qudc chau Au (ggi tdt Id EUIPO), da md cua dl tilp gia thanh vien EU vdi cac muc tieu vd nguyeii nhdn cdc dcm dang ky Nhdn hieu cgng ddng. tdc rieng, thiet lap mpt chuan myc duy nhat ve Tinh din thdng 12/2015, hon 1.500.000 nhan viec dang ky vd bdo hd nhan hieu fren toan hieu dd dupc ddng ky^. Cdc van ban phdp lugt lanh thd chau Au^, ddng tdn tgi va bd sung vdo chii yeu hien hdnh ve nfadn hieu EUTM gdm he thdng bdo hp nfadn hieu theo ludt qudc gia cd Quy djnh sd 2015/2424 ve Nhan hieu cpng ciia cdc Thdnh vien. Viec ddng tdn tgi he thdng ddng' vd Cfai thi ve Nhan hieu 2015/2436 ve
Tich hgp lugt phdp ve nhan hieu ciia cdc qudc gia thdnh vien''. Cdc vdn ban ndy Id ket qud cua Chuemg trinh cdi each nhdm cai tien he thdng EUTM vd hai hda cac he thdng nhan hieu qudc gia Uong Lien minh chdu Au vdi muc tieu Id
"ldm cho cdc hp thdng ddng ky nhdn hipu tren khdp chau Au trd nen re hon, nhanh hon, cd khd ndng dy dodn yd faign thuc hon.*"
Cdc quy djnh ve ddng ky nhdn faieu tgi timg
nhan hieu va can bang giira cac he thdng nhan hieu d cap qudc gia vd cdp Lien minh Id nen tdng eho each thiic tiep can ciia Lien minh ve viec bdo hd sd huu tri tue. Day la nguyen tdc ca bdn trong he thdng nhan hieu cua chau Au.
Nhu mdt he qud cua nguyen tdc ddng tdn tgi, mgt nhan hieu EUTM chi cd the ddng ky dugc khi khdng xung dgt vdi bdt ky nhan hieu qudc gia nao cita Thdnh vien EU, cy the Id, dau hieu xin ddng ky EUTM cd the bj coi Id kfadng cd qudc gia tfadnfa vien cita Lien mmh chdu Au, d khd ndng phdn biet neu ddu hieu tuong ty da mgt kfaia cgnh nhdt djnh, cd tdc dgng tdi viec dupc dang ky la nhdn hieu qudc gia tai qudc ddng ky nhdn hieu theo he thdng EUTM do gia thdnh vien Lien minfa cfadu Au^.
' Ludt su, v a n ph6ng luat su ADVAC AS.
-EUIPO, Thong ke Nhan hi?u Lien minh chau Au, https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimponal/en/the-office, 6/4/2016.
' EU, Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 ciia Nghj vien chdu Au vd Hpi dong chau Au ngdy 16/12/2015 sua d6i Quy djnh cua Hpi ddng (EC) No. 207/2009 vk Nhdn hi?u cpng d6ng vd Quy dinh cua Uy ban No. 2868/95 thyc hi|n Quy djnh cua H$i d6ng (EC) No 40/94 v^ Nhdn hi?u cpng ddng. vd hiiy bo Quy dinh cua Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 ve 1§ phf n^p cho Van phong Hdi hoa Thi truong Npi dja (Nhdn hi?u vd Kieu dang), www.eur-lex.europa.eu
* EU. Chi ihf (EU) 2015^2-136 aia Nghi vi4n chdu Au vd Hgi ddng chdu Au ngay 16/12/2015 vS tich hpp luat phdp vk nhdn hi?u ciia cac quoc gia thdnh vien
*EU, Thdng cdo Bdo chi cua Oyban chdu Au, lP/13/287 ngay 27/3/2013, w ww.europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP- I3-287_en.htm
*> ED, Chi thf (EU) 20 JS/2436 cua Nght vifn chdu Au vd Hgi ddng chdu Au ngiy 16/12/2015 v l tich hpp ludt phdp v l nhdn hi?u cua cac quoc gia thdnh vien EU.
Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 cua Nghj vi?n chdu Au vd Hpi d6ng chau Au ngdy 16/12/2015 sira d6i Quy djnh ciia Hpi d6ng (EC) No. 207/2009 v^ Nhan hieu cpng ddng vd Quy dinh cua Uy ban No. 2868/95 thyc hi?n Quy dinh ciia Hpi ddng (EC) No 40/94 va Nhdn hi?u cpng ddng, va huy bd Quy dinh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 ve 1? phi npp cho v a n phdng Hdi hda Thj trucmg N(,ii dja (Nhdn hi?u vd Kieu ddng). wwu.eur-lex.europa.eu ' Phdn quyet ctia Tda dn, ECJ in "Sieckmann," C-273/00. Judgement 12y'12/2002, http://oami.europa.eu
o
M^mmmm
Nguyin tdc ve dde tinh khdng phdn chia cua EUTMMdt nhan hieu EUTM cd dgc tinh Id khdng phan chia vd cd hieu luc nhu nhau Uen todn bd ldnh thd Lien minh chau Au, gdm 28 qudc gia.
Chi cdc nhdn hieu cd khd ndng dang ky trong todn bp Lien minh chdu Au mdi dupc chap nhan la nhan hieu EUTM. Dilu nay gidi thich vi sao he thdng nhdn hieu qudc gia van tiep tyc van hdrji. Xudt phdt tii ddc tinh khdng phan chia cita nhdn hieu EUTM. mpt EUTM chi cd the dupc chuyen giao Uong toan bd ldnh thd EU. Tuy nhien, mpt EUTM da dang ky hogc mdt don EUTM cd the dugc li-xang^ tgi mdt sd, md khdng phdi tdt cd, qudc gia thanh vien EU hodc lien quan tdi mgt sd hodc tdt cd cac hang hda/djcb vy md EUTM da ddng ky hoac nop dan, nhu ddi vdi mdt nhan hteu qudc gia'.
3. Cac quy dinh ve ngudi nop don va don dang ky Nhan hi^u Lien minh chau Au
Hp thdng EUTM dupc dp dung vdi cdc phdp nhan vd the nhan ciia tdt cd cac qudc gia Id thdnh vien cua Cdng udc Paris ve Bdo hp Sd hihi Cdng nghipp. Cdc the nhdn vd phdp nhan thudng trii hoac cd co sd kinh doanh tai mpt qudc gia Id tfadnh vien EU cd the nop dan dang ky mgt EUTM md khdng can thdng qua dgi dien phdp ly. Tuy nhien, viec chi djnh mgt dgi dien phdp ly tgi EU (vi dy, mgt ludt su Pfadp) la bat huge ddi vdi ngudi ngp dan khi tiln hanh
cdc thu tuc Uudc Ca quan ddng ky Nhdn hipu Lien minh chau Au (EUIPO) nlu nhu hg khdng thudng tni hodc khdng cd co sd kinh doanh thuong mgi hogc sdn xual tai EU' . Luu y rdng, tieu chi ap dung quy dinh ve dai dien phdp ly la noi cu tni hodc dja chi kinh doanh hodc CO sd thuang mgi, chii khdng phai Id qudc tjch cita ngudi nop dan". Vi dy: mpt cdng dan Pfadp cu trit tai Viet Nam cdn cd dgi dien phap ly de nop don EUTM. trong khi cdng dan Yiel Nam cu tni tgi Phdp thi khdng budc phdi cd dgi dien phap ly.
Khdc vdi Ludt cua mgt sd qudc gia thdnh vien EU, vi dy nfau Ludt SHTT ciia Due "nhdn hieu cd the dupc bao hp thdng qua viec sii dung" hogc thdm cfai ca kfai "ddu fai^u gidnh dupc nghTa phai sinh thdng qua sir dyng", mpt nhan hieu EUTM chi cd the dupc bdo hp thdng qua viec ddng ky'^. Dan EUTM dugc npp tai EUIPO dudi hinh thirc dan dien tii (tren thyc te, hon 96% dan EUTM dugc npp theo hinh thtic nay'^ hodc nop true tiep tai co quan ddng ky qudc gia cita thdnh vien EU). Dan nfaan hieu EUTM dupc nop bdng mpt ngdn ngii bat ky Uong sd 22 ngdn ngii ciia LiSn minh chdu Au, dupe gpi la "ngdn ngG ddu lien". B^n canh dd, ngudi npp don phdi chi dinh mpt ngdn ngii thii hai khdc vdi ngdn ngii ddu tien vd phdi la mgt trong ndm ngdn ngii: tieng Tay Ban Nha, liing Diic, tiing Anh, tieng Phdp hodc tiing Y. Ngdn
* Trich nghTa "Chuyen quyen sir dyng ddi tupng so hdu cong nghifp"
' EU, Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 cua Nghj vi?n chdu Au vd Hpi d i n g chau Au ngdy 16/12/2015 sira doi Quy djnh ciia Hpi dong (EC) No. 207/2009 v^ Nhan hi^u cpng ddng vd Quy djnh cua Uy ban No. 2868/95 thyc hi?n Quy djnh cua HOi ddng (EC) No 40/94 vh Nhdn hi?u cpng ddng. vd huy bd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 v^ 1^ phi npp cho van phdng Hai hda Thj truimg Npi dja (Nhan hi?u vd K\h ddng), www.eur-lex.europa.eu, Di^u 22.
'" EU. Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 ciia Nghj vi?n chdu Au vd Hpi d6ng chau Au ngdy I6/12/2015 siia ddi Quy djnh ciJa Hpi ddng (EC) No. 207/2009 vk Nhdn hi?u cpng dong vd Quy djnh cua Uy ban No. 2868/95 thyc hi?n Quy dinh cua Hpi dong (EC) No 40/94 vk Nhdn hieu cpng ddng, vd huy bd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 v^ I? phi npp cho Van phdng Hdi hda Thj trudng Npi dja (Nhan hi?u vd K\ku ddng), www.eur-lex.europa.eu, Di^u 92,93.
" ^li\?0, Hudng ddn thdm dfnh Nhdn hi4u cgng ddng igi Van phong Hdi hoa Thf Irudng Ngi dfa (Nhdn hi4u vd Ki4u ddng}. Phien ban thdng Hai 2015, https://euipo.europa.eu/, phdn 5, dogn 3.1,1
'=EU. Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 cua Nghj vifn chdu Au va Hpi d i n g chau Au nga> 16/12/2015 sua ddi Quy djnh ciia Hpi ddng (EC) No. 207/2009 vk Nhdn hi?u cpng ddng vd Quy djnh cua Uy ban No. 2868/95 thyc hi?n Quy djnh cua Hpi ddng (EC) No 40'94 ve Nhdn hi^u cpng ddng. vd huy bd Quy djnh ctia ijy ban (EC) No 2869/95 vk I? phi npp cho Vdn phdng Hdi hda Thj tnrdng Npi dja (Nhan hi?u vd KiSu ddng), www.eur-Iex.europa cu. Dieu 6.
'' EUIPO. Bdo cdo thudng nien cua OHIM ndm 2014, https://euipo.europa.eu. trang 14.
Sgth.insV:'M6-Nam thif Mirai Mpi
ngii thu* hai dupe diing lam ngdn ngii cho thti tyc phan ddi vd hiiy bd vi lgi ich ciia cdc chii sd huu quyen cd quyln sdm hon. EUIPO chi xet nghiem cdc don nhdn hieu EUTM khi ndo ie phi nop don dupc nop. Quy djnh nay dupc dua ra nhdm ngan ngira tinh trang ngucn npp dcm khdng npp phi cho cdc don bj tii chdi. Va nhu vgy, se khdng cdn kha ndng npp don ddng ky mpt nhan hieu EUTM vd chd thanh todn cho tdi khi nhdn hieu hi tir chdi vi khong cd kha ndng phan biet. Hon niia, dk thtic ddy qud Uinh npp dcm vd ddng k^, EUIPO da dua ra mdt lua chpn dupc gpi Id "don-di-nhanh", mien phi, ke tir 24/11/2014: dcm EUTM se dupc cdng bd uong khodng 'A thdi gian quy djnh hodc nhanh hon so vdi cdc dan thdng thudng, tiic la frong khodng tir 4 - 6 tudn. "Don-di-nhanh" ddi hdi ngudi nop don lya chpn cdc thudt ngii ve hdng hda va djch vu dang cd hieu lyc tir mgt co sd du lipu dugc EUIPO chap nhgn, nop le phi tgi ihdi diem nop don hodc ngay sau dd'*. Tuong ly cdc he thdng nhdn hipu khdc, mdt nhan hieu EUTM phdi dupc chi djnh cho cdc hang hda vd djch vy nhdt djnh theo Thda udc Nice ve Phan nhdm qudc te ve hang hda vd djeh vy (gpi tdt la Thda udc Nice)'*. Viec sir dyng tieu dl nhdm theo Thda udc Nice dupc chdp nfadn, mien la viec chi dinh ndy dii rd rdng vd chinh
xdc. Chdng han, viec chi dinh dd di chan hoac qudn do Uong nhdm 25 la du ro rdng va chinh xdc. D I xdc dinh xeiu chi djnh ndo dap img chudn mye cdn thiet vl su rd rang va chinh xdc, EUIPO cimg vdi cdc Vdn phdng qudc gia EU dd cdng bd mpt danh muc da hai hda cdc tieu dl nhdm khdng dupc chdp nhan'^
4. Cac can cu* tham dinh nhan hieu tai Cff quan dang ky Nhan hieu Lien minh chau Au (EUIPO)
Cdn cir tie ehdi tuyet doi
EUIPO tiln hanh tham dinh npi dung theo cdc cdn Cli tCr chdi tuyet ddi'^. Quy dinh ve vipc nhan hieu phai "dupc the hien bdng do hga, nhu cdc tir, chii sd, chu cai..." lam han che khd ndng bdo hg nhdn hieu ddi vdi cdc dau hieu cd khd nang dang ky, ddc biet ddi vdi cac nhdn hieu phi- truyen thdng nhu la nhan hieu dm thanh va nhan hieu miii'* da dupc sira ddi thdnh nhan hieu phdi dugc the hien theo each "cho phep ca quan nha nudc cd thdm quyen vd cong chiing xdc djnh dupc rd rang va chinh xdc ddi tupng bao hg ciia chii sd hiiu quyen"", vi du: nhan hieu dm thanh, cd the dupc the hien bdng tep mp3, ldm cho he thdng trd nen hdp dan hon va hien dgi fada ban.
Cdc cdn cir tir chdi tuyet ddi cdn ud viec ddng ky EUTM ngay ca khi cac can cii nay chi tdn tgi Uong mgt bg phan ciia EU^".
^* EUIPO. Dieu kien ddi v&idcm-di-nhanh,M\caiite^ev/s, 10/2014, https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimporlal/en/alicante-news
"WIPO, Thda udc Nice ve phdn nhdm hdng hda va dich vy nham muc dich dang ky nhdn hieu; PhiSnban nam 2014 ciia Sira ddi ldn thiir 10, cd hi^u lyc tir 1/1/2014.
'* EU. Tuyen bo Chung vS Th\tc lien Thdng dung ve cdc chi dfnh chung cua tieu de nhdm cua Bdng phdn logi Nice.
20/2'20l4, www.eur-lex.europa.eu
" E U , Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 ciia Nghj vifn chdu A u v d Hpi dong chau Au ngdy 16/12/2015 sua ddi Quy djnh ctia Hpi ddng (EC) No. 207/2009 ve Nhan hieu cpng dong va Quy djnh cua Uy ban No. 2868/95 thirc hi?n Quy djnh ciia Hpi ddng (EC) No 40/94 ve Nhdn hi?u cpng ddng, va hiiy bd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 v i If phi npp cho v a n phdng Hdi hda Thj tnrdng Npi dja (Nhdn hieu va Kieu dang), www.eur-lex.europa.eu, Dieu 7.
" Phdn quyft ciia Tda dn, ECJ in "Sieckmann." C-273/00, Judgement 12/12/2002. hltp://oami.europa.eu
"EU.Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 ciia Nghj vifn chdu A u v d Hpi ddng chdu Au ngdy 16M2/2015 siia ddi Quy djnh ciia Hpi ddng (EC) No. 207/2009 vf Nhan hifu cpng ddng va Quy djnh cua IJy ban No. 2868/95 th\jc hif n Quy djnh ciia Hpi dong (EC) No 40 94 ve NhSn hifu cpng dong. vd huy bd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 vf If phi nop cho v a n phdng Hdi hda Thj tnrdng Npi dja (Nhdn hifu \ a Kieu ddng). ww \^.eur-lex europa.eu. Dieu 4.
="EU,Quydinh(EU)20l5'2424ciiaNghi vifn chdu Au vd Hpi ddng chau Au nga\ 16/12/2015 siia ddi Quy djnh ciia Hpi dong (EC) No 207/2009 vf Nhdn hifu cpng ddng \ a Q\i\ djnh cua U> ban No. 2868/95 th^rc hifn Quy djnh ciia Hpi ddng (EC) No 40/94 v^ Nhdn hifu cpng ddng. \ a hu\ bd Quy djnh cua Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 vf If phi npp cho van phdng Hdi hda Thj tnrdng Npi d|a (Nhdn hifu va Kifu dang). ww« eur-lex.europa.eu. Dieu 7.
Ifffc
Ngodi ra. khdc vdi ludt nhan hieu cita Thanh vien, chdng hgn Ludt SHTT ciia Diic, viec dang ky mdt nhan hieu EUTM den-trdng khdng bao gdm tdt ca cac phuong an mdu sdc ctia nhan hieu dd-'. Lien quan tdi quyen uu tien, thdm nien ciing nhu frong cdc vu xam phgm quyln, nhdn hieu den-trdng vd nhan hieu mau khdng the bj coi la trimg nhau^^.
Cdn eie lie chdi cd liin quan
EUIPO khdng xet nghiem ex officio (duong nfaien) cac can cti tir chdi cd lien quan, tiic Id cdc nhan hieu frung va/hodc tuang ty gay nhdm lan. Cdc can cii nay chi cd the dupc dua ra bdi cdc ben thii ba uong thu tyc phdn doi hodc hiiy bd sau khi EUTM dugc dang ky^'. Don phan ddi cd the dupc nop trong vdng ba thang sau khi cdng bd dan nfaan bleu EUTM. Nlu kit qud ciia viec phdn ddi diing ve phia ngudi npp don hodc khdng cd don phdn ddi ndo dupc ngp, nhdn hieu EUTM se dupc ddng ky.
Mpt nhdn hipu EUTM se khdng dupc ddng ky, neu cd dcm phan ddi ciia chii sd huu nhdn hi$u dd ddng ky trudc, ngay ca khi nhdn hieu cd trudc nay chi tdn tai d mdt qudc gia tfadnh
vien cLia EU. Vi du: nlu don phan ddi chi dya tren mpt nhdn hieu tucmg ty cd trudc lai Ba Lan, nhan hieu EUTM se khdng dugc dang ky, tham chi ngudi nop don chi cd y djnh sii dung EUTM tgi Phdp va Anh.
5. Quyen uu tien va tham nien trong dffn EUTM
Mgt don nhan hieu EUTM cd thi xin hudng quyen uu tien tren co sd bdt ky dan ndo da nop trudc dd tgi hodc cho bdt ky qudc gia ndo Id thanfa vien ctia Cdng udc Paris Uong thdi han sdu thang ke tir ngay npp dan ddu tien.
Trong khi khdi niem vl quyen uu tien theo ngay npp don sdm hon la phd bien theo Cdng udc Paris-*, khai niem ve tham nien chi cd frong he thdng EUTM. Neu ngudi npp don hodc chu sd huu cua mpt EUTM dd ndm giii mgt nhdn hieu qudc gia hodc nhdn hieu qudc te cd hieu lyc tai qudc gia thdnh vien vd nhdn hieu nay triing vdi EUTM (trimg vl nhan hipu vd ve sdn pham vd djeh vy), hg cd the yeu cau xin hudng thdm nien ciia nhdn hieu nay-'. Dieu nay cho phep chu sd hiiu quyen bdo Iiru cac quyen trudc dd ngay cd khi hp tir bd nhan hieu qudc gia ciia minh hodc khdng gia hgn nd^*.
=' Phdn quyfi cua Tda dn. General Court, T-623/I1. Judgement 9/4//2014- Pico Food GmbH, OHIIVI, http://
oami.europa.eu
" Phan quyft ciia Tda dn. ECJ, Case C-291/00 LTJ Diffusion [2003] ECR1-2799, para 54; General Court, Judgment of 19 January 2012-T103/11-JUSTING, http://oami.europa.eu.
Phdn quyft ciia Tda dn, ECJ, C-252't2. Judgement 18/7/2013 -Specsavers, http://oami.europa.eu
-' EU. Quy djnh (EU) 2015'2424 ciia Nghj vifn chau Au va Hpi ddng chdu Au ngdy 16/12/2015 sira ddi Quy djnh cua Hpi dong (EC) No. 207/2009 ve Nhan hifu cpng ddng vd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban No. 2868/95 thuc hifn Quy djnh ciia Hpi ddng (EC) No 40/94 vf Nhdn hifu cpng dong, vd huy bd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 vf If phi npp cho Van phdng Hdi hda Thj trudng Npi dia (Nhdn hifu vd Kifu dang), www.eur-lex.europa.eu. Di^u 8.
'•*'^'\P0, Cong i^c Paris vi bdo hdSd huu cdng nghiep 1883, sira ddi vdo cdc ndm 1900, 1911. 1925. 1934, 1958, I 9 6 7 v d l 9 7 9 . Difu4.
-' EU, Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 cua Nghj vifn chdu Au vd H^i dong chau Au ngdy !6/12'2015 sira doi Quy djnh ciia H0i ddng (EC) No. 207/2009 ve Nhan hifu cpng dong vd Quy djnh cua Oy ban No. 2868/95 ih^rc hifn Quy djnh ciJa Hpi dong (EC) No 40/94 v f Nhdn hifu cpng ddng, vd hiiy bd Quy djnh cua Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 vf If phi npp cho Vdn phdng Hdi hda Tiu tnrdng Npi dja (Nhdn hifu vd Kifu dang), www.eur-lex.europa.eu, Difu 34
" EU, Quy djnh (EU) 2015/2424 ciia Nghi vifn chau Au vd Hpi ddng chdu Au ngdy 16' 12/2015 sua ddi Quy djnh ciia Hpi ddng (EC) No. 207/2009 vf Nhdn hifu cpng dong vd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban No. 2868/95 thyc hifn Quy djnh ciia Hpi dong (EC) No 40/94 vf Nhdn hifu cpng dong, vd hiiy bd Quy djnh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 vf If phi npp cho van phdng Hdi hda Thj tnidng Npi dja (Nhdn hifu vd Kifu ddng), www.eur-lex.europa.eu. Dieu 34.
^%
Saihant: 9/2016 - Nam IhiJ Mtffli M5I
Ngay ca khi nhan hieu EUTM da dSng ky duac mot thai gian dai, vin co th6 xin huong tham nien va di^u nay co thi giup cho chii so huu nhan hieu giam duoc chi phi gia han nhieu dang ky quoc gia d6ng thoi. Quyen nay chi c6 thS xin huong khi nhan hieu quoc gia da dang ky la y het nhau". ChSng han, hai nhan hieu cung coi la khong y het nhau neu nhu chiing chi khac nhau vi mini sic, ngay ca khi nhan hi?u da dang ky truoc do la den-trang^*. Lien quan toi cac san phim va dich vu duoc bao hg, CO the yeu cau quyen tham nien doi vol toan b9 hoac mgt phan san pham va dich vu. Chang han, neu nhan hieu quoc gia dnqtc dang ky cho quan ao, do di chan va do dpi dau va EUTM dugc dang ky cho quan io, tro choi va do choi, c6 the xin huong quyen tham nien doi vcri cac san pham "quan ao" hoac san pham thugc pham tru quan ao nhu "ao so mi". Ngoai ra, Nguoi ngp don phai chiing minh rSng ho chinh la ca nhan hoac phap nhan so huu nhan hieu da dang ky truoc do di dam bao tinh th6ng nhit vS chu so huu". M6i quan he li-xang la khong du de chiing minh dieu nay. Khi quySn uu tien theo ngay nop dcm truoc do anh huong toi ngay nop don ciia EUTM tren toan bg lanh th6 Lien minh thi yeu ciu vi quySn tham nien chi gioi han 6 quoc gia ma nhan hieu truoc do dugc dang ky. Vi du, neu nhSn hifu quoc gia
dugc dang ky tai Phap voi ngay uu tien la 1/1/2000, quySn tham nien ciia EUTM chi co thi dugc yeu ciu doi voi Phap. Quyen tham nien chi co the duac yeu cau tren ca sa cac dang ky quflc gia hoSc cac dang ky quoc te tnroc do, co hieu lire tai Qu6c gia Thanh vien, chii khong phai tren co sa cac don dang ky.
Yeu ciu ve quyen tham nien dugc nop trong thoi ban hai thang ke tit ngay nop don EUTM hoac bit ky thai diem nao sau khi dang ky EUTM'".
6. Yeu cau ve viec sir dung nhan hifu EUTM
Mgt EUTM c6 thi dugc duy tri tai tit ca cac quoc gia trong EU bang each sii dung mgt each hieu qua va chinh hang "trong Lien minh"^'.Ve nguyen tic, bat ky chu nhan hieu nao, ngay ca khi chi muon sir dung nhan hieu ciia minh 6 mgt hoac mgt so Quoc gia Thanh vien, CO thi gianh dugc sir bao hg mgt EUTM ma khong phai lo ling bi hiiy bo nhan hieu bai ly do khong sir dyng dich thuc. Vice su dung dich thuc CO thj dugc thuc hien thong qua mgt li-xang". Nam 1993, Uy ban chau Au va Hpi dong chau Au ciing ra tuyen bo rang vi?c sir dung tai mgt qudc gia thanh vien la du di cau thanh ySu t6 sir dung dich thuc trong Lien minh". Tuy nhien, tir khi EU mo rgng thanh vien len 28 quoc gia, da co mgt s& e ngai rang
" Phan quyet ciiaTda in, ECJ, Case C-291/00 LTJ Diffusion [2003] ECR [-2799, para 54: General Court. Judgment ofl 9 January 2012-T103/11 -JUSTING, http://oami.europa.eu
' PhSn quyjt cua Tdadn, General Court, Judgment of 20 Febniaiy 20I3-T-378/11-MED1NET. http://oami.europa.eu
" EUIPO. Quyit iinh cua H^i dong Giai quyet tthiiii nai. 15 May 1998-R 5/97-BATMARK.
www.oami.europa.eu/en/ofrice
'" EU, Quy dinh (EU) 2015/2424 cua Nghj vien chau Au vd Hpi d6ng chau Au ngay 16/12/2015 sua d6l Quy dinh cua Hpi d6ng (EC) No. 207/2009 v4 Nhdn hieu cpng dong v4 Quy djnh cila Uy ban No. 2868/95 thttc hien Quy djnh ciia Hpi d i n g (EC) No 40/94 v4 Nhdn hieu cong ddng. v i huy bo Quy djnh ciia Uy ban (EC) No 2869/95 ve I? phi nOp cho v a n phPng Hdi h6a Thj tnrimg Npi dja (Nhdn hieu va Kigu dang). www.eur-lex.eurx)pa.eu, Dieu 35
" Machnicka, Khia canh Idnh th6 ciia Nhdn hieu cpng d6ng-Chu quyin tuoi sang cua Thj trupng duy nhat, VU University Amsterdam. 17/6/2014, http://papers.ssni.com
» EU, Chi Ihi (EU) 2015/2116 cua Nghi I'ifn chdu Au va Hfi ling chdu /)'u ngdy 16/12/2015 v j tich hpp Iuat phdp ve nhdn hieu cua cdc quoc gia thdnh vien. Diiu 15.
" Phdn q u ; i l ctia T6a dn. ECJ. C-I49/II. Judgement 19/12/2012 -Leno Merken BV vs Hagelkruis Beheer BV, htip://oami.europa.eu; EU, Tuyin bi chung cua Cqng ttong chdu Au vo Hpi ding chdu Au 1993. www.eur- lex.europa.eu
lieu viec sir dung tai mpt quoc gia thanh vien la dap ling yeu cau ve \iec sti dung vira du "trong Lien minh" hay chira. Toa an Tu phap phan quy^t trong vii ONEL/OMEL ring Di^u 15"
cua CTMR-'Ve viec sii dung nhan hieu phai dugc dien giai la: ranh giai lanh tho cua cac Qu6c gia Thanh vien phai durgc bo qua khi danh gia lieu mot nhan hieu co dugc dua vao
"sii dung dich thuc tai Lien minh" hay khong^*.
Toa an phan quyet rang mgt EUTM dugc dua vao sii dung dich thuc khi nhan hieu nay dugc sii d\mg theo chiic nSng ca ban ctia no va nham muc dich duy tri hoac thiet lap thi phan trong EU vol su xem xet t5t ca cac yeu to va dieu kien hoan canh co lien quan, bao gom cac dac tnmg cua thi truang dugc de cap. Nhu vay, pham vi lanh tho ctia viec sii dimg khong phai la mgt dieu kien rieng re cho viec "sti dung dich th\rc" ma (chi) la mgt trong so cac yeu to xae dinh no^^. Toa an nhan manh rang thi trucmg cho san phlm/dich vu ma mgt EUTM
dSdang ky CO the bj gi6i han trong lanh tho cua mgt qu6c gia thanh vien^'. Trong vu ^^^ V . J Toa an quy djnh ring mgt EUTM co uy tin cm 11111 a mgt qu6c gia thanh vien (vi du, Ao) ciing du de dugc bao hg chdng lai viec lam giam "V ^'^
va chi^m doat trai phap luat". Tuy nhien, Toa an khong dua ra nguyen tic rang uy tin trong mgt quoc gia thanh vien luon la dti""'. Giong nhu nhieu truong hgp, no phy thugc vao h o ^ canh cita vu viec. Tai Diic, Toa an Lien Bang ve Sang che'" va Toa an T6i cao Lien bang^^
khang dinh rang viec sii dung mgt EUTM chi Cf Dtic la dii de ciu thanh viec sti dung dich thuc trong Lien minh chau Au. Viec sti dung
"trong Lien minh" theo Dieu 15^' CTMR^'' co the dugc thay the bai viec sir dung tai mgt qu6c gia khdc khong phai la thanh vien EU, vi du nhu Thuy sy, do Dtic va Thuy Sy ky ket mot dieu udc song phuang, theo do vi?c sti dung nhan hi§u tai Thuy sy dugc coi nhu viec sii dung tai Diic va ngugc lai**./.
" EU, Chi thi (EU) 2015/2436 cita Nghf vi4n chdu Au vd Hgi dong chdu Au ngiy 16/12/2015 ve tich hgp lu§t phSp v^ nh3j) hi^u ciia cac qudc gia th^h vien
" EU, Chi thi (EU) 2015/2436 aia Nghj vi4n chdu Au vd Hgi dong chdu Au ngiy 16/12/2015 ve ti'ch h^rp lu|t phip ve nhSn hi^u cua cac qudc gia thanh vien
" EUIPO, Hudng ddn thdm dfnh Nhdn hi4u cgng ddng Igi Vdn phong Hdi hoa Thf trudng Ngi dia (Nhdn hifu vd Kiiu ddng). Phien ban thing Hai 2015, https://euipo.europa.eu/
" EUIPO, Huang ddn thdm djnh Nhdn hifu cgng ddng tgi Van phdng Hdi hda Thj trudng Ngi dia (Nhdn hifu vd Kieu ddng). Phi^n ban thing Hai 2015, https://euipo.europa.eu/, do^n 36.
" EUIPO, Hudng ddn thdm dinh Nhdn hi4u cgng dong Igi Vdn phdng Hdi hda Thf trudng Ngi dfa (Nhdn hieu vd Kiiu ddng). Phien ban thing Hai 2015. https://euipo.europa.eu/,do9n 50.
^» Phin quyet cua T6a in, ECJ, C-301/07- Judgement 6/10/2009, PAGO International GmbH v. Tirolmiich registriene Genossenschaft mbH, http://oami.europa.eu
* INTA, Binh ludn vi Du thdo Sua ddi Quy chi Nhdn hi4u Cgng ddng EU va Chi thi ve Nhdn hifu, 17/6/2013;
http://www.inta.org/, trang 12.
*' Phin quyet ciia T6a in Lien bang Diic v^ Sing cha, BGH, 6/2/2013 - IZR 106/11 - VOODOO = GRUR 2013, 925, http://lexetius.com/
'•• Phan quyfil cua Tba an l6i cao Lien Bang, BPatG GRUR 2011, 1147-TOLTEC/TOMTEC. htIp://lexetius.com/
*^ EU. Chi thi (EU) 2015/2436 ciia Nghj vifn chdu Au vd Hgi dong chdu Au ngiy 16/12/201.S v^ tfch h<Fp lu^t phip ve nhin hieu cua cic qu6c gia thanh vien
** EU. Chi Ihi (EU) 2015/2436 cua Nghi vifn chdu Au vd Hgi ddng chdu Au ngiy 16/12/2015 ve tich hgrp Iu4l phip ve nhan hi?u cua cac qu6c gia thanh vien
•" Phin quyet cua Toa in ECJ. C-445'12. Judgment of 12 December 2013-Rivelia International AG vs OHIM.
http://demo.eurocases.eu/Doc/CourtAct/3631401.
