Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
KET QUA XAC DjNH DO CHllfA KHI METAN TRONG VIA THAN
v a d a n h gia mufc do n g u y h i e m v e khi t r o n g c a c m o t h a n h a m 16
Determining methane content in coal seams is one of the most important tasks for evaluating the risk levels of methane gas and then, providing the reasonable preventive measures for explosion hazards. The paper introduces some key achieved results on the determination of the levels of methane bearings of Coal mine safety management Center
Metan la khi ddng hanh vd'i Khoang san Viet Nam) da cd than, la loai khi cd kha nang chu traong dau ta cho Vipn gay chay nd cac ky nguy hiem Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md mpt
TS. TRAN TUBA
ThS. PHAM CHAN CHINH
Vien Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Md - Vinacomin
doi vdi cdng tac khai thac than him Id. Uch su' nganh khai thac than him Id tren the gidi cung nha d Vipt Nam da Chang kien nhieu vg tai nan chay nd khi metan, gay thipt hai rat Idn ve sinh mang va tai san tai san. Mac dp nguy hiem ve khi metan dap'c danh gia qua cac thdng sd:
- Ham lap'ng khi metan trong ludng gid thai cua khu vac, cua md.
- Dp thoat khi tuypt ddi thoat ra ta khu vac khai thac, dao Id.
- Dp thoat khi taong ddi thoat ra ta khu vac khai thac.
- Dp chaa khi metan trong via.
Xac djnh dp chaa khi metan trong via than la cdng tac quan trpng nhat de danh gia mac dp nguy hiem ve khi metan cua via than, md than, qua do giup cac nha quan ly md daa ra nhang bipn phap ngan nqaa, han che hiem hpa chay no.
1. Cong tac xac djnh dp chiFa khi metan
Ngay ta nam 1999, Tong Cdng ty than Vipt Nam (nay la Tap doan Cdng nghipp Than -
hp thong phdng thi nghipm va tiep nhan cdng nghp chuyen giao ta phia Ba Lan de cd du kha nang nghien cau, danh gia, xac djnh dp chaa khi metan cua cac via than, qua dd cac don vj khai thac than him Id cd the chu dpng daa ra nhang bipn phap ngan ngaa hiem hpa khi metan mpt each hipu qua.
Tiep theo dd, vao nam 2001, da an: "Trung tam quan ly khi md than Vipt Nam" do Chinh phu Nhat Ban tai trp' cung da chuyen giao cho Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md hp thdng thiet bj va phaong phap xac djnh dp chaa khi metan trong via than theo cdng nghp cua Nhat Ban.
Ke ta dd, Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md da phdi hp'p vdi mpt sd don vj nha Cdng ty than Mao Khe, Cdng ty than Mdng Daong, Cdng ty than Quang Hanh, Cdng ty than Khe Cham tien hanh xac djnh dp chaa khi metan trong via than dang khai thac. Ket qua xac djnh da phat hipn ra mpt sd via than cd dp chaa khi cao nhu Via 9, Via 7 - Cdng ty than Mao Khe; Via 13 - Cong ty than Khe Cham; Via 13 -
Cong ty than Quang Hanh...
Nhang ket qua xac djnh da d6ng g6p rat nhieu trong vipc djnh hadng cdng tac an toan, phdng chdng chay nd khi metan d cac don vj.
Nam 2005, Tap doan Cdng nghipp Than - Khoang san Vipt Nam (Vinacomin) da chi dao cac don vj khai thac than ham Id phdi hp'p vdi Trung tam An toan md - Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md tien hanh xac dinh dp chaa khi metan cho tat ca cac via than dang tien hanh khai thac hoac da tiep can. Nam 2006 Tap doan da ban hanh quy trinh khoan lay m i u xac djnh dp chaa khi metan theo quyet djnh sd 64/QD-MT ngay 31/5/2006.
Theo quy trinh da dap'c phe duyet, de xac djnh dp' chaa khi metan trong via than, Trung tam An toan md ap dgng phu'ong phap trac tiep lay m i u trong Id khoan cua Ba Lan. Day la phaong phap da dap'c phia Ba Lan chuyen giao cho Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md, daoc laa chpn de SLK dgng trong nganh than Vipt Nam, phu hp'p vdi he thdng thiet bj da dap'c Tap doan Vinacomin dau ta.
Phaong phap dap'c md ta nha sau: Lay m i u than ta cac
KHCNM SO 1+2/2011* AN TOAN MO
w Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
16 khoan du'p'c khoan vao via vdi dp sau tdi 4,5m hoac hon vao cac binh kin cd bi bing thep. Cac binh nay dap'c daa vao may lie rung dk nghien miu nhd tac dgng va dap cua cac vien bi. Sau dd daa vao he thdng tach khi chan khdng dk tach va xac djnh the tich khi.
Thanh phan khi tach ra dapc phan tich bang may sac ky khi VARIAN cua My hoac may sac ky khi Agilent cua Nhat Ban, cd dp chinh xac cao. Phan miu than cdn lai dap'c diea d\ phan tich xac djnh ham lu-ong tro, dp am, chit boc ...Cac kdt qua phan tich miu khi va miu than du'p'c du'a vao may vi tinh de tinh toan xac djnh dp chaa khi metan cua cac via than. Day la phu'ong phap taong doi don gian trong each lay miu, cd the chuyen giao cho cac don vj khai thac than ham Id trac tiep lay m i u theo quy trinh da dap'c phe duyet.
Trong giai doan dau, Trung tam An toan md daoc giao nhiem vg hLi'dng din chuyen giao cho cac don vj phu'ong phap khoan liy miu than, khi trong cac via than va each tinh toan xac djnh dp chaa khi metan ta trong via than. Giai doan tiep theo, cac don vj ta to chac khoan lay miu, van chuyen miu den Trung tam An toan md de thac hien cdng tac gia cdng, phan tich, tinh toan, xac djnh dp chaa khi me tan. Can bd Trung tam An toan md thac hien giam sat liy miu d mpt so don vj, cac so lieu ve dp chaa khi metan trong cac via than du'p'c SLP
18 1:19PH
Hinh 1. He thong may sac ky khi
Hinh 2. Dao tao chuyen giao phuxyng phap lay mau dgng vao viec tinh toan da bao dp chaa khi metan khi khai thac xuong sau, dp thoat khi metan vao cac khu vac khai thac, tren co sd cac sd lipu tinh toan da bao dp thoat khi metan, cd thd tinh dap'c lap'ng gid yeu cau theo khi metan...
Ta nam 2006, cdng tac lay miu xac djnh dp chaa khi metan du'p'c cac don vj khai thac than him 16 thac hien nghiem tuc. Trung tam An toan md trac tiep tham gia liy miu hoac giam sat cdng tac lay miu tai cac don vi cd mac dp nguy hiem ve khi cao.
Cdng tac dao tao, chuyen giao phaong phap liy miu cho cac don vj du'p'c thac hien day du, dam bao t i t ca cac can bd,
cdng nhan lam cong tac liy mau deu dap'c dao tao va cap chang chi.
Thac te xac djnh dp chaa khi metan trong cac via than da phat hien sdm cac via, cac khu vac khai thac co dp chaa khi cao nhu' via 1C Cdng ty than Ddng Vdng, Via 7 Cong ty 35 - D6ng Bac, via 6, via 7 Cong ty than Du'ong Huy, via 13-1 Cong ty than Khe Cham, cac cgm via cua Cdng ty than Quang
^ Hanh, Thong Nhit...
Cac ket qua tren da kjp thdi canh bao cac md, kjp thdi chu ddng kiem soat khi md, ngan ngaa hiem hpa chay no khi me tan cd the xay ra khi khai thac vao nhang khu vac mdi.
Tong hp'p ket qua xac djnh dp chaa khi me tan d mpt so khu vac cd dp nguy hiem ve khi cao nam 2010 dapc trinh bay trong bang 1.
2. SLP dung k§t qua xac djnh do chaa khi metan trong cong tac quan ly an toan phdng chdng chay nd khi metan
2.1. Du bao do chua khi metan khi khai thac xuong sau
Doi vdi tang khu vac via cu the, dp chaa khi me tan d nhang mac sau chL^a dapc tiep can cd the du'p'c da bao theo nhang phu'ong phap da daoc cac nha khoa hpc daa ra, daa tren nhang sd lieu da
KHCNM SO 1+2/2011* AN TOAN MO
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
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Bang 1
Ten md
Khe Cham
Du-ong Huy
Quang Hanh
Cam Thanh - Ha Long
Khe Tam - Ha Long Ha Rang - Ha
_Lqng ^ 86 - D6ng Bac 35 - D6ng B i c
Dong V6ng - Uong Bi Tliong JNJhat Mong Duong
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6 - canh Nam
14 11 7 13 I C - D T B
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MUc -160/-100
-120 -187 -160 +38 -100/+0
-50 -30 -110 -110 -110 -110 -50 -120 -85/-95 +50/+110
+110 -50 -50 +5 -3 -32 -25/-80
Do chUa khi CH4 (m'/TKc) Nam 2010
7,09 5,75 3,78 3,36 6,29 3,90 4,53 3,75 5,65 5,76 2,56 3,87 3,78 3,24 2,61 1,19 2,12
- 1,29
- - 0,24 0,37
Cao nhat 7,09 5,75 5,71 4,21 6,29 3,90 6,09 3,75 5,65 5,76 2,56 3,87 3,78 3,24 2,61 1,19 2,12 8,37 3,07 3,55 6,09 2,71 7,15
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Hinh 3. Dy bao do chCea khi me tan khi khai thac xuong sau CO d nhang mac sau khac
nhau. Can ca vao sd lipu da bao, cac don vj cd the du'a ra nhang bien phap phdng ngaa thich hop.
2.2. Du bao do thoat khi metan vao khu vuc khai thac Ta so lieu khao sat hoac da bao dp chaa khi, mpt phan mem may tinh chuyen dgng
se tinh toan da bao dp thoat khi metan taong ddi vao khu vac khai thac. Cac thdng sd tham gia da bao bao gdm:
- Op chaa khi metan.
- San lu'p'ng than.
- Chieu day via.
- Chieu dai Id chp'.
- Cdng nghe khau than.
- Phu'ong phap dieu khidn da vach.
Vdi ket qua da bao dp thoat khi taong ddi, cac ky su md cd the dLi-a ra nhang bien phap quan ly an toan phu hp'p.
2.3. Tinh toan thiet ke thong gid mo ham Id
Tu sd lieu xac djnh, da bao dp chaa khi metan, da bao dp thoat khi vao khu vac khai thac cac ky sa thdng gid md cd the daa vao tinh toan thiet ke thdng gid md ham Id, dap ang ke hoach san xuit, dam bao hda loang lap'ng khi metan thoat ra khi tien hanh khai thac
2.4. Phan loai mo theo khi metan
Quy pham ky thuat an toan trong khai thac cac md him Id than va diep thach TCN 14.06.2006 quy dinh hang nam cac md than him Id deu phai tien hanh phan loai md theo mac dp nguy hiem ve khi metan. Co sd de xep loai md la gia tri dp thoat khi tLfong ddi cua cac khu vac khai thac trong md:
Phu'ong phap phan loai md theo dp thoat khi taong ddi cd mpt sd diem chu'a that phu hp'p vdi dieu kien Viet Nam:
(Tiep theo a trang 44)
KHCNM sO 1+2/2011* AN TOAN MO
