Dau gia quyen khai thac khoang san tai mot so dja phifofng
O TS. L E A I T H U Chu tich Hdi Kinh te Dia eha't Viet Nam
Dau gia quyen khai thac khoang san (KTKS) lan dau dUOc dUa vao quy dinh cua phap luat ve khoang san tai Luat Khoang san so 60/2010/QH12 (LKS), vdi mong mudn dua quy dinh dau gia quyen KTKS vao thuc te, gdp phan tang eudng quan 1^ tai nguyen khoang san. Tuy nhien, sau gan 10 nam trien khai quy dinh ve da'u gia quyen KTKS vao thUe techo thay, viee dau gia quyen KTKS cdn gap qua nhieu bat cap.
ThUc t r a n g trien khai d a u gia quyen khai thac khoang s i n
T h e o quy djnh tai k h o a n 1 D i e u 78 L K S "Da'u gia q u y e n K T K S t h u c hien d cac khu v y e hoat d d n g k h o a n g s a n ( H D K S ) , trU k h u vUc dUpe eP q u a n nha nude ed t h a m q u y e n khoanh djnh la khu vUe khdng dau gia q u y e n K T K S " thi tai cac dia p h u o n g hau het cac m d k h o a n g s a n t h u p c t h a m q u y e n cap phep eua uy ban n h a n dan ( U B N D ) c a p tinh d e u t h u d c k h u vUc da'u gia q u y e n K T K S . V a theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 D i e u 79 L K S , eae khu vUc dau gia q u y e n K T K S t h u p c t h a m
q u y e n cap phep eua U B N D ea'p tfnh h l u het chUa t h a m d d .
V i v a y , viec trien khai quy djnh ve dau gia q u y e n KTKS tai eac dja phUPng g a p khdng ft bat cap. V d i m u e tieu de ra khi LKS ed hieu lye, hau het cac giay phep H D K S se dUPc cap ed t h a m q u y e n c a p p h e p t h d n g q u a da'u gia de han che tdi da tinh t r a n g xin - cho trong cap phep H D K S . S o n g , theo tai lieu thu thap dUpc, den giUa nam 2 0 1 6 , tQc la sau 5 nam LKS c d hieu Ipc, c h l ed 7 dia phUdng tren t d n g s d 53 dia phUdng d u p c t o n g hdp cd trien khai dupe edng tac dau gia quyen
K T K S . T h a m chf, theo bao eao eua U B N D mdt sd tinh, thanh phd trong ca nUde thi den O u y II nam 2019 v l n chua tien hanh dau gia quyen K T K S . Day la con s d t h y c te ndi len rang, quy dmh dau gia q u y e n K T K S dang ed nhQng trd ngai nha't dmh. D e iam ro ve v a n de nay, can tien hanh tim hieu y kien c u a mdt s d dia phUdng da tien hanh va chua tien hanh dau gia quyen K T K S .
Cy the, tai Cdng v a n s d 1 4 1 / B C - U B N D eua UBND tinh Lang Sdn phuc dap Cdng van sd 5 6 7 2 / B T N M T - D C K S cua Bp T N & M T ed doan vidt: "Giai doan 2011 -2015, tfnh Lang Sdn chOa td ehUc dau gia quyen KTKS". Mae du, cung tai cdng van tren, UBND tinh Lang Sdn danh gia rat cao tfnh Uu Viet cua quy dmh dau gia quyen KTKS nhu cd ndi dung mdi mang tfnh dot pha eua LKS. Quy dmh dd se gdp phan cham dUt tinh trang cap phep theo hinh thUc "xin - cho"
trong H D K S . Tuy nhien, trong Cdng v a n sd 169/BC-UBND c u a UBND tinh Lang Sdn phuc dap Cdng van sd 1495/BTNMT-DCKS eua Bp T N & M T v l n ed doan viet
"Den nay, Lang Sdn chua td chQc da'u gia quyen K T K S " . N g u y e n nhan c u a viec chua the td chUe dau gia quyen KTKS la do: Theo quy djnh tai khoan 2 Dieu 4 Nghi T a i nguyen v a Moi trtfcfng ^ g
K y i -Thong 3/2020
dirih s d 22/2012/ND-CP, gia khdi d i e m khdng thap hdn tien cap quyen K T K S . Q u y dinh n h u vay la thieu thue t i l n vi tien cap quyen K T K S dupc xae d[nh tren cP sd dU an dau tu, trong khi d d mo dUa ra dau gia chUa ed dU an dau tU, dac biet la ddi vdi khu vUc ehua cd ket qua tham d d .
T h e o quy djnh tai D i e u 14 T h d n g t u lien tich s d 54/2014/
TTLT-BTNMT-BTC quy djnh UBND tinh c h l dao eac cd quan chuyen m d n lap ke hoaeh thu hdi dat, giao dat eho doanh nghiep sau khi trung dau gia. Quy dinh nay trai vdi quy dmh tai k h o l n 3 Dieu 62 Luat Dat dai nam 2 0 1 3 . T h e o quy djnh nay, cac khu vuc K T K S lam vat lieu xay dUng thdng thudng, than b u n , khoang san tai cac khu vye c d khoang s i n phan tan, nho le va khai thac tan thu k h o a n g s i n khdng thudc dien nha nude phai thu hdi dat.
C u n g ehung q u a n d i e m vdi UBN D tinh Lang S d n , cd rat nhieu U B N D tfnh, t h a n h p h d khae.
Ngoai ra, theo quy dmh tai k h o l n 1 Dieu 3 Luat D a u gia tai s i n nam 2 0 1 6 , viee dau gia quyen K T K S phai t h y c hien theo quy dmh eua Luat d a u gia tai s a n n a m 2 0 1 6 . T r o n g khi d d , quy djnh vd td ehUe da'u gia q u y e n K T K S theo phap luat ve k h o a n g s a n k h d n g phu h d p vdi Luat D a u gia tai s i n nam 2 0 1 6 . Q u a day cho thay, quy djnh ve d a u gia q u y e n K T K S hien h a n h rat kho kha thi.
N g u y e n n h a n va g i l i p h a p c h o t h u c t r a n g
C d n g van gQi Bp T N & M T cua eac tinh, thanh phd trUe thupc trung UPng khi d a n h gia 5 hoac 8 nam trien khai LKS deu eung ehung y kien la, quy dinh ve dau gia quyen K T K S trong LKS la mot quy djnh mang tfnh dot pha, dem lai Ipi ich khdng chf eho rieng nha nude m a c d n c d Ipi c h o ea cae doanh nghiep H D K S va eho ngUdi d a n . Tfnh Uu Viet rat rd rang eua quy C A T a i n g u y e n v a M o i t i t f t f n g
* * " K y i - T h a n g 3/2020
dinh phap luat khoang san ve dau gia quyen K T K S , song hieu q u a tnen khai vao thye t i l n c o n nhieu han che, thie'u kha thi do nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau. T r o n g dd, cd 4 nguyen nhan c d ban:
ThU nhat, do tfnh dac thu cCia tai n g u y e n khoang s a n , ddi t y p n g d a u gia la cac m d , khu v y e tai nguyen khoang s a n . Ket q u a tfnh toan trQ lupng du la giai doan cudi cua t h a m d d van ludn m a n g tfnh xac xuat. Cae dieu kien khai thae, che bien khoang s i n ludn tiem an nhieu rCil ro eao khdng chi ddi vdi doanh nghiep m a ddi vdi ea nha nude. Rieng ddi vdi doanh nghiep, rui ro c d the day doanh nghiep d e n pha s a n . Chfnh vi v a y , tai nhieu dja p h u o n g eae doanh nghiep khdng man m a vdi dau gia quyen K T K S .
ThU hai, tinh thieu khoa hpe, thieu thuc te va mang tfnh chdng c h e o quy d m h ; eP s d khoa hpe c u n g n h u CP sd thye t i l n cua quy dinh ehUa dUdc n g h i e n cUu mot each thau dao, du dp tin eay.
ThU ba, tfnh thieu d d n g b d , chdng cheo, khd kha thi trong quy dmh phap luat ve khoang san vdi phap luat cd lien quan. Van de nay the hien ro nha't la quy djnh tai diem d khoan 3 Dieu 62 Luat Dat dai nam 2013 vdi LKS. Theo quy dinh cua Luat Dat dai nam 2013, eac d y an KTKS lam vat lieu xay dUng thdng t h y d n g , than b u n , khoang san tai eac khu vye ed khoang san phan t a n , nhd le va khai thac tan thu khoang s i n nha nude khdng thu hdi dat. NhU vay, viee giai phdng mat bang phuc vu khai thae cac d y an nay la do ehu dau t y t u thoa thuan vdi cae td ehUc, ea nhan c d quyen sQ sCf dung dat hdp phap. Trong khi d d , theo T h d n g tQ s d 54/2014n"TLT- B T N M T - B T C , U B N D cap tfnh cd trach nhiem trien khai, chi dao cac c d quan chuyen m d n true thupc lap ke hoaeh thu hdi dat dai khi dupe CP quan nha nUde c d t h a m
quydn thong bao ve ket qua trung dau gia quyen K T K S " . T h e o quy dinh eua Luat Dat dai, dp rui ro rat eao ddi vdi doanh nghiep dau gia quyen KTKS lam vat lieu xay dung thdng t h u d n g , than b u n , khoang san tai cac khu vUc cd khoang san phan t a n , nhd le. Neu thUc hien theo T h d n g tU sd 54/2014/TTLT- B T N M T - B T C thi trai vdi Luat Dat dai nam 2013.
ThU tu, dp rui ro ve trQ lupng - t h a m s d quyet djnh gia quyen K T K S : G i a q u y e n K T K S phu t h u p c rat Idn v a o trQ lupng khoang s a n da dupe cP quan cd tham quyen phe duyet. Tuy nhien tren thUc t e , trQ IQdng dQpe cd q u a n c d t h a m q u y e n phe duyet trong thdi gian q u a cd sai sd rat Idn so vdi thye te khai thac dupe.
T r o n g t r u d n g h p p trQ IUdng khai thae d u p c thap hdn rat n h i l u so vdi trQ lupng dUa ra dau gia, cac v a n ban quy p h a m phap luat ve khoang s i n chUa quy trach nhiem eho t d ChUc hay ca n h a n nao.
N h u vay, m o i rOi ro doanh nghiep deu phai g a n h ehju.
Ngoai cac nguyen nhan ed ban tren, edn cd nhieu nguyen nhan khae khdng kem phan quan trpng nhu: Dieu kien ve khai thac mo, s y thay ddi chinh sach cua nha nyde va thj trUdng... Chinh vi vay, g i l i phap can thiet hien nay la can ddng bd hda (tranh chdng cheo, m a u t h u I n nhau) phap luat ve khoang san va phap luat khac cd lien quan; p h l i dau gia theo hinh thUe dau gia saeh; Nha nude can dau t u chi phi tham dd, danh gia trU IQdng; tap hd sd mdi thau (trong dd p h l i ed d y an dau t u da dupe tfnh toan de lam phuong an khdi diem), Ben eanh d d , mpi van de lien quan den giai phdng mat bang, den bii thiet hai deu do cP quan quan ly nha nudc lam; ehi phf giai phdng mat b l n g , den bu thiet hai dUde tfnh vao gia khdi diem; td chUe dau gia quyen KTKS theo quy dinh c u a phap luat ve dau gia tai san.H
