Day va hpc ljch sir,
can sir doi mofi toan dien
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a ke ngoai dao nhQng mdn tdi day thi rat gin va rIt c l n kiin thQc lich sQ (LS) ndi ehung va LS Viet Nam ndi rieng nen tdi rIt quan tam din chuyen day va hpe LS, That ra thi tQ thdi cdn la hpe sinh phd thdng tdi rIt me LS, hpe LS kha gidi.Bay gid tuy khdng day sQ nhQng trong tu sach cua tdi ed kha nhiiu sach LS, rieng sach giao khoa (SGK) thi ed du trpn bp tQ tiiu hpe d i n trung hpc phd thdng (THPT) cua t i t d cac chQdng trinh tQ lin d i each thQ nhit d i n nay. Ddi vdi tdi, Ijch sQ khdng bao gid la cu va ludn cd sQe cudn hut ky la.
NhQng qua hdn 30 nam lam cdng tac giang day, tiip xuc vdi nhiiu the he HS thi q u i thQc, HS me hpc LS la cua hiim. Da sd cac em rIt sp hpc mdn LS, Cung hdn chuc nam nay LS ludn la mdt trong nhQng mdn thi tdt nghiep THPT nen b i t bude cae em phii hpc va hpe mpt each khd nhpc, khd sd.
Ngay 27/3/2009, sau khi biit trong 6 mdn thi tdt nghiep THPT nam nay khdng cd mdn LS, HS c l khdi Idp 12 eua trQdng tdi nhly len, vd tay reo hd! Tai saoed chuyen nay?
TrQdc hit cd le do chQdng trinh SGK mdn LS qua nang tfnh han lam va ddi khi bj hieu nhim la mdn chinh tri. DQdng nhQ b i n than nhQng ngQdi bien soan SGKLS eung chQa that sQ coi trpng bd mdn. Chuyen bao ehi phat hien SGKLS eua chQdng trinh e l i each lin nay cd nhiiu sQ kien, thdi gian, nhan vat.,, "tiin hau bat nhit" va sQ thQa nhan "hdi ddng bien span"
khdng hpp eua mpt quan chQc d p phu trach viee bien span SGKLS cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao (BGD&DT) la mdt vi du sinh ddng. Cho nen, diiu dQdng nhien c l n phai lam la phii bien span lai mpt bd SGKLS thdng nhat vdi tQ each la mpt bp mdn khoa hpe dich thpc - khoa hpc LS,
ThQ hai, sd dT HS sd hpc va thi mdn LS la do each day cua thiy. V i n biit la cd rat nhiiu thiy cd toan tam tdan y vdi cdng viec soan giing, hit Idng vi HS, Nhiiu dja phudng da td ehuP thi GV day gidi mdn LS.
nhiiu GV dU thi va dat danh hieu nay. NhQng thu'c te
"^"'^••-;•'--•'_••'--'' '\' L E M I N H HOANG rQdng THPT Long Binh, Gd Cdng Tay, T i i n Giang
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Idn hdn dd la da sd ehi day theo kieu "dpc chep" theo nhQng gi SGK cd. NhQng GV thiiu b i n ITnh chfnh tri, thiiu d i u tQ chiiu sau thi each tdt nhit la theo SGK ma SGK thi nhQtren da ndi rdi vay thi lam sao cd the hap d i n HS. Hien nay, cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) dQde Qng dpng vao viec day va hpc, rIt nhiiu GV day bing "giao an dien tQ" (GADT) (That ra nen gpi la giing bai bang cdng eu hd trd CNTT hdn la GADT) thi dung la edsQ ddi mdi nhit djnh nhQcd tranh Inh, trfch doan phim,., lam eho bai giing trd nen sinh ddng hon, HS cd thich thu hdn, NhQng v i n d i cd ban hdn la HS v i n chQa dQdc dQa vao t h i chu ddng, vao vi tri trung tam. Hpat ddng eua thiy van la ehinh, ndi dung vin la
"nhQ SGK" va thay vi "dpc chep" thi bay gid la "chiiu chep", Tren mang ed rat nhiiu "thQ vien GADT", mat tich cQc cua chuyen nay la ddng nghiep trong ca nUdc ed the tham khao, nghien cQu, hpc tap lin nhau nhQng mat tieu cQc lai lin at hPn khi nd trd thanh ed hdi cho nhQng thiy cd giao iQdi span giao an, hp cQ chep v i va day theo dd bdi mdn Ijch sQ thi khdng ed cai rieng (trQ LS dja phQdng), Nhit la giao an dQdc chep v i tQ thQ vien GADT cua BGD&DT dQdc coi la mlu mQc, ai dam bit be ma cd bit be cung khdng dQde. Rdi tQ viec span d i n viec day edn la mdt k h d n each, span vay nhQng chQa chle da day vay, Khdi IQdng kiin thQc va sQc ep v i thdi gian trong phan phdi chQPng trinh eung la mdt nguyen nhan day GV vao viec giing day theo kiiu ddi phd.
Van d i cd le la quan trpng nhit trong cau chuyen day va hpc LS nay la each hpc, ndi mpt each ban lam hPn la phQdng phap hpe tap bp mdn euia HS, ThQ hdi rat nhiiu em thi each hpc chtj y i u eua cac em la hpe thupe Idng, it cd em nao biit xay dQng d i cudng cho mdt bai hpe, cae em cho ring d i cuong tue la phai rut gpn ma rut gpn thi khdng t h i vi nhU vay se thiiu, danh phii dm SGK ma hpc, bai trong SGK thi qua dai va khd nhd, khd thudc,
6 day rd rang la traeh nhiem cua GV, GV chua PAY VA hoc NGAY NAY SO 8-200^ | ^ ' |
hQdng d i n each hpc cho hpc sinh. Cung can lUu y ring each hpc LS cua HS phd thdng khac xa vdi each hpc cua sinh vien khoa LS va cang xa hdn nQa vdi cdng viec eua cac nha sQ hpc. Cho nen GV d n phai hudng d i n cho HS each hpc cho phu hdp, HS tieu hpc (TH) cd caeh hpc khac vdi HS trung hpc ma THPT cung khac vdi trung hpc cd sd. d TH cac em tiep thu kien thQc LS thdng qua cau chuyen LS, nhan vat LS nhung d THCS thi da bat dau di vao sQ kien LS va y nghTa cua sU kien ay. d bac THPT thi yeu d u cao hdn, tdan dien hdn tQ sQ kien den thdi gian, khong gian, nhan vat, diin biin, k i t qua, y nghTa, bai hpc kinh nghiem va d chuyen so sanh LS. Cd t h i hudng d i n cac em lap d i cQdng theo bang thdng ke ngang - dpc theo cac yeu d u tren.
HS hay than phiin la khdng the nhd ndi thdi gian cu the eija tQng sQ kien LS. Thiit nghT, trong hpc LS cd nhQng mdc thdi gian eua nhQng sQ kien LS quan trpng, cd tfnh chat budc ngoat hoac ten nhQng nhan vat "lam nen LS" thi nhat djnh phii tuyet ddi chfnh xac. NhUng ddi vdi nhQng sQ kien, nhQng nhan vat nhd, phu trong cai chudi dai LS l y thi, thQ nhat, nhd chfnh xac cang tdt nhQng n i u nhd khdng ndi thi cung nen cho phep va hudng dan HS sQdung nhQng thuat ngQ thay the, khdng cu the, khdng tuyet ddi chfnh xac nhUng hdp ly va khdng sai. Vf du, v i thdi gian, cd the la sang, trUa, chiiu, tdi thay cho may gid; diu, giQa, cudi tuIn hoac thang thay cho ngay; xuan, ha, thu, ddng thay cho thang.... Nam thi phii nhd, han che sQthay the nhQng cung cd khi phii sQ dung nhQng cum tQ nhQ thdi cd dai, thdi trung dai, d i u the ky, nhQng nam,,, cua t h i ky...
Thdi gian trong hpe LS la rat quan trpng, khdng dUde sai nhung khdng phai bit ky con sd thdi gian nao cung phai thudc Idng. De nhd nhQng eon sd thdi gian c l n nhd, phai nhd thi GV nen hQdng din cac em nhQng
"meo" de nhd. Cd mpt quy luat tu duy giup cho con ngUdi nhd lai ehuyen cln nhd la trUdng lien tudng. Hay g i n thdi gian Ijch sQ cln nhd vdi mpt van d i nao dd that g i n gui vdi ca nhan minh, xem dd nhU tQ khda de nhd lai khi c l n thiit
Thiit nghT, viec BGD&DT rut mdn LS trong "thQc ddn" cua "bQa dai tiec" tdt nghiep THPT nam nay chi la tam thdi va cd le la do cd sQ "Ion xdn" trong ndi dung kiin thQc SGKLS hien hanh, chuyen nay se dUdc dieu chinh va rdi mdn LS se trd lai n i u sang nam cung se ehi thi 6 mdn cdn n i u thi 8 mdn thi dd la diiu dUdng nhien.
Dan tpc se y i u , qudc gia se suy vong n i u viec giao due LS bj coi nhe. Nha trQdng phd thdng la ndi lam cho LS di eung va tham sau vao mdi cdng dan.
Can phai cd sQ ddi mdi toan dien cho viec bien soan npi dung chQdng trinh SGK, each day cua thay va each hoc cuia trd.
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May y kien
(Tiep theo trang 29)
sang tao tQ phfa ngudi thi. Bao nam nhQ vay, da han mot ldi di (Idi ra de) d i n den nhQng gid day toan, ma ca thay va trd cQ cham bam cac thao tac tinh toan. Hpc sinh khong thi'ch giao vien dQng lai giai thfeh dinh nghTa, chQng minh dinh li... Xin dQa mpt vf du: Trong bai "Djnh nghTa dao ham cua ham sd", giao vien nao day nhQng bai toan d i n den khai niem dao ham se bi hpc trd cho la
"ham", la day dd. Khoang each giOa If thuyet va thuc hanh xa nhau den mQc khd chap nhan.
- De thi hoan toan vang bdng Qng dung toan hpc vao thQc tiin, trong khi SGK nhac den viec Qng dijng khdng phai it. D i i u nay da lam cho giao vien toan gan nhQ bd h i t cac phan Qng dung (neu cd) sau cac bai hpc. K i t cue la hpc toan ma khdng biet gi Ijch sQ toan, net dep cua toan. Toan bat ngudn tQ dau, toan dung vao viec gi? Cd the ndi rat phan giao due. Mpt hpc sinh trung binh v i toan, cam manh bang tdt nghiep THPT, sau hai nam di lam thd chang ban, chi cdn nhd trong dau bdn phep tfnh cdng trQ nhan chia d bac tieu hpc.
- De thi "sue tfeh" d i n d i n dap an "gon gang"
va den bai lam cua thf sinh thi chi cdn thuan cac phep tfnh, thieu lap luan, thieu logic, thieu d i n nhap ... Cd nhQng bai lam cua thf sinh chieu theo dap an dUdc 8 diem chang han, nhQng giam khao (sd ft) lo lang cho mpt Tu tai tQdng lai qua ngheo nan ve ngdn ngO. Neu cQ tiep tuc ra d i thi toan nhQ the nay, thi khd Idng tranh dQdc sQ quay cop cija thf sinh, bdi chi ghi nguech ngoac doi ddng nhd copy lacd diem.
- D§ thi thiiu sQ d i n dat, dinh hQdng, tQc la phdt Id ban If thuyet dQa den phQdng each lam bai toan. Do dd, mpt mat thf sinh thieu diem tua trong khi lam bai, mat khac lam cho nhQng gid day toan d trQdng phd thdng kho khan, thiiu sinh khf, chi phuc vu cho nhdm nho hpc sinh co nang khieu toan, Tdi cam giac giao vien toan bac THPT hien nay chi d n nhu mpt thd lam toan la du ddng vai trd ngudi thiy.
Tren sd bao Van nghe ngay 6/6/2009, trong bai Tinh chat thdc dung trong phddng phap day - hoc van, Hoang Dan ndi: "Khdng hieu cac mdn hpc khac nhu mdn toan chang han, cd nhiiu sQ nhQ mdn van eua chung ta khdng nhi?!". ThQc ra mdn toan cung l l m "nhiiu su", cd dieu chQa len tiing d l y thdi.
DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 8-2009
