TRIET LY 6IA0 DUC CUA CHU TICH HO CHI MINH v m DOI MOI TV DUY VE GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO HIEN NAY
• n S . NGUYEN HONG Slip 1^
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di mdi gido due vd ddo tqocdn ddi mdi tU duy trfin cd sd ly ludn nen tdng, thuc tiln noi tqi cua nen gido due d l de ra nhiing chu tn/dng, bifin phdp ddi mdl. TU h/dng cija Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh ve gido duo hdm chCIa nhiing yeu td truyin mdng mang finh trilt ly cd y nghia mie't thuc trong cdng cufic ddi mdl gido dgc vd ddo tqo hi0n nay.
1. Trilt ly gido dgc cda Chd tjch Ho Chl Mlnh
Theo nhifiu nhfi nghifin cilu, d Vifit Nam, thfli kji Ijch sd nio trong sg nghifip glio dgc cGng cfl nhflng trifit iy giio dge. Dfin thdi dsi hifin nay, ChO tjeh Hd Chl Mlnh d l Isi eho ChOng ts nhflng trifit ly gifio dge hfit silc sfiu sle mang dfim diu I n vfin hda Vifit Nam, hfim ehila nhflng yfiu tfi truyfin thfing vfi hidn dsi. Nfim 1996, UNESCO dua ra 3 nfil dung eho "Trilt ly gifio dgc m l ky XXI". trong dd dllu dfiu lien Ifi "Phfii coi giio dgc l i giii phip hing dlu d l giii quylt cic vdn di kinh t l - xfi hfii cOa mfit qufie gia cung nhu eua mil c i nhin". ChO tjch Hfi Chi Minh da dfi eip dfin trilt ly nfiy ngay tU cufii nhflng nfim 40. gifla nhflng nfim 50 cOa mfi kJ XX: "VI ipi ich mudi nfim mi phii trfing cfiy. vl Ipl fch trim nfim thl phil trfing ngudi""'. hofic tu tudng hpc tfip sufit ddi cOa Ngufli: "Hpc bfli Id mdt vide phii tllp tge sufit ddi. Suit dfli phii gin liin ly luin vdi eflng tic thgc t l . Khflng al cd t h l tg eho mlnh d i bllt dO rfii. bifit hfit rfii"»' Trilt ly glio dgc cho t h l kJ XXI cOa UNESCO din nfim 1996 mfll dfi ra khiu hidu "Hpe sufit ddi"
(Life long leaming). Nhu vfiy. ChO tteh H i Chl Mlnh da dua ra quan dilm "hpc sufit dfli" sdm
n Tnidng Bfl hpc Chlnh tri - Sd Oudc phing
han UNESCO miy chgc nfim. Vi viy. dll mill tu duy v l giio dgc. ddo tso hidn nsy dn nghien cflu isi nhflng trilt ly giio dgc trong lu tudng cOa Nggfli.
Trong mpi ITnh vgc. ChO tfch H i Chl Minh thudng nfli giin dj m i thim this, nhung hSm ehila trong dd la nhflng trifit IJ siu sle v4 thifit thgc. Khi bfin vi giio dgc. mdt trong nhflng tU tudng nil bit v i xuyfin sufit, dfing thdl cflng Id mong mufin cOa Ngudi la "lim eho din cd hpe hinh"*^', "ai cung dupc hQC hfinh""'. Theo NgUfli: "Mdt din tfic dfit Ifi mJt dfin tfic ylu"«. Con dudng ngin nhit thoit khfli tlnh trsng hfin ylu vfi kdm phif friln chi cd t h l thflng qua gifio dgc. Ngudi khing d|nh:
"Non sdng Vifit Nam cd trd nfin tuoi dep hay khdng. dfin tfie Vidt Nam ed bufle tdi dfii vinh quang d l sinh vai vdi cic cudng qufic nim chiu dupe hay khfing. ehinh l i nhd mflt phin Idn d cfing hpc tip cOa cfic em"'". Til ii, Ngufli yfiu d u gifio dgc phii nhim mgc tiSii:
t i t c i vi con ngufli, eho con ngudi, do con ngudi. Diy ehinh l i triit If nhin bin vdi 111 tuflng efit lfli: sg nghifip glio dgc phii phiic vg nhin din, vl sg tiln bfi v i phit triln cOa nhfin dfin, do nhin dfin thgc hifin, NgUdl nhin msnh, thdng qua gifio dge: "Tit c i m?l ngufli dfiu dupc phit triln hit khfi nfing cis mlnh"'". Tfl trifit ly cfit loi nfiy se quy d|nh mgc dlch, nfii dung, phUdng phfip giio dgc v i yiu clu v l phim chit, nfing Igc cOa dfil ngO nhflng ngudi Ifim efing tfie gido dge. Thdng qua dd, chdng ta s i thiy nhifiu hon vfi rfi hon nhflng trilt ly giio dgc cOa Nggfli.
D l ed t h l phit triln hit khi ning. nhfin din phii dupc glil phdng v l tu tudng. moi ring bufic. bif eflng trong x i hfil v i binh ding trong hudng thg cfic gii tri cOa glio due.
cd Cd hfil dupe hpc hinh. Mufin vfiy. theo T o chitc nhA nnAc s o 1 1 / 2 0 1 6
II! cue cua nfin c1^^ d - ? " ' . ' " ' * " 9 " « " "'^"9 ™ <=""3 » dpng Igc d a d c h mang ndn din tg o t S n i r h * " ' T - , " ' ' • ' ' = ' ; ° " " * " •=* ' ^ ' " " ^ " * " i * " -^I^^S vdl nhau. Cing hfiu Ddnq tKfli c^io d i c S . *"*"« ''" '="*"' '° * ° •'=°" " S " * ' -"MC Beu" f i t ban tudnn «•,» . - 1 ,f • • • " * " 9 " ^ ly "^^"^ "18 biy nhieu v i ngupc Isi
dfrcrthirrrc f^d min?m'^ • "* *^^ "'*" --*"= "•'•= ""^^ -* -^^ --s
«'*.| din tflc vin mlnh tifin h f l n ^ J u^ i* ''"^ 9'^° ''>"= ^°"3 giai d d n mdi phii d fe, / K i k / t ^ p C d a b h O t i H^CW^i h : " f ? " " " ' " " * " « ' f "^"^ *•'*' * " ' ' • '''^" '<"'•
' * : phdng v i ^ a i sano cfr."hT ^ i ^ J f " ' °^'' " " « " " ' " * ' "^^P " " i * <="3 -^ng cudc giio V c nhfin d^n Phii d U f l r . n i i , ^ " ' K ' ' " " '^"^ '^'^" "'" ""^c. vdi mp. chlnh quyin
*»S bflc lfit v l thfi x i c vfi n ^ r n t ^L"" T.- "°" "^ * " " ' " * ""«"="»' " > * * ° « ^= ^^ "«
»<» dupe vuon Ifin tfim tr^nh I L ' x I * * ' * " • * " * " " ^ '"^'^ ="«" ™ Pi-o^S kiln. Ngudi
^ . " f v C ' ^ ^ ^ r C l g t h f l r c f l t fi*muc S m ^ " T " . ' • ' ' ^ * ' ' « ' * " ' "'' ""^'^ • ^ ° '
«,* dfch cao nhfit cOa giao due ° " th'fit thgc chu dao hfln mam nhiig" vfi "Phil iisi Xuyfin sufit toin bfi nfli rt.,n„ •• „ ^ '" ' " * " " " '=*"9 '^^ *"<='«' "«" ' *
:;« ngufli. Ning cao dso dflc d n g d nghTa Ifi mifit dfi ngufli hpe lfim vifie duoc noav T ^ ^
• isa—/--" :sasS""
, ml tdeh rfli vai trd tfi chflc. lanh dao cOa Binn ^n„„ T, '^"'^r'-J'sadi cho ring, ly lufin ' cong Sin Vi nhflng n g u d i ' c f i n ^ g ^ ^ g r d g g b f i g ^
Ti eh*v nh« na&c tii 11/2016 ^aT
bin. hofic bin lung tung. cung nhu kbdng cd tin. Nhflng nfii dung v l phuong phip gifio dgc niy ehlnh la diit ly sang tfo vi biit If htnh ddng ttong giio dge cOa Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh.
Tflc l i . phil sfing tso trong d c h hpe v i d e h dsy. mufin vfiy phii mfing qua hanh dflng thgc tiln dfi d i tso. doi mfli giio dgc.
ChO tjch Hfi Chi Minh dfic biet quan tim dfin xiy dgng dfii ngu nhflng ngudi lim eflng tie glio dge. VI ddy Ifi Ige luflng khflng t h l milu. Ngufli khing djnh: "niu khflng efl thay gifio dsy dfl cho eon em nhin din, thl Ifim sao mfi xiy dgng chO nghTa xfi hfli dupc"'". Theo dfl, dfii vdi xiy dpng dfii ngu nhflng ngudi lim edng tde gido dge. ChO tjch Hfi Chl Minh dfi cao phim cblt toin didn. nhung phim chit ehlnh tri efl vai trfl quan trpng hing dau. Vi theo Ngufli: "Cblnh tn l i linh hfin. ehuySn mfin l i xie. Cfl ehuyfin mfin mfi kbfing efl chlnh trj thl chi Ifi c i l xic khflng bin""". Do dd. ngufli Ifim d n g tic glio dge phii efl phim chif chlnh tri cOa ngufli ein bfl cfich mpng cOa Ding. Tflc l i phii cfl gific ngfi chlnh tri sfiu sic. phii dfit Ipi ich eOa T l qufic. cOa nhfin dfin ISn truflc hit. trin hit vfi bit ky hofin einh nio cung phii mge hifin tfit dgflng Ifii giio dge cOa Ding v i Nhi nudc; dfing thdi phii kinh trpng nhin din. tin vio sUc msnh eOs nhin din. D l ed phim cblt chinh tri, Ngudi luu y mfit vin d l hit sflc qusn trpng dfii vdi nhflng ngudi lim efing tfic giio dge dd Id hpc tip iy lufin. vl "Lfim mfi khdng cd ly lufin thl khfing khfic gl di md trong dfim tfil, vUa chfim chsp, Vila hay vip vfip. Cd ly lufin thl mdl hifiu dupc mpi vific trong xa hdl, trong phong trfio dfi chO truang cbo dung, Ifim eho dung""". Theo ChO tjch Hfi Chi Mlnh, ly lufin mfi^ ngudi thiy d n phii hpc dd Ifi ly iuin cOa ebO nghTa Mie - Lfinin, vi "cfl hpc tfip iy luin Mic - Lfinin thl mdi cung cfi dupe dso dilc cdch msng, gifl vflng ifip trudng. ning eao sg hifiu bifit vfi trinh dfi chlnh tri mdi lim nflng d t eflng tie Ding giao phfl""".
2. Mfit sfi b i t cfip va g i i i phip doi mdi gido dgc, dfio tpo d nudc ta hifin nay
Qua 30 nim dii mdi dfit nudc, dfii mfli giio dgc d Vifit Nam da mu dupc nhflng
thinh tgu quan trpng vdi phuong chim coi giao dge v i dio tpo Ifi qufic sfich bfing ddu trong chiin Iupc phat triln dit nuflc. Gido due va dao tso da fao ra c i so lupng vfi chit lupng ngufin nhin Igc cd chit lupng phgc n cho sg phif triln kinh tfi - x i hfii cOa flit nudc. Sfi lupng cfic eo sd glio dgc ci cdng lip va dfin lap ting Ifin, "Quy mfi, msng M CO sd giio dgc v i dao tso tllp tgc dupc md rflng. He thfing giio dgc vd dfio tso cie dp tfl CO sd dfi'n dsi hpc, dsy nghi dupc t l chiic Isi mdt budc""". Dilu dfl khing djnh giao due vfi dfio tso da cd nhflng budc phfit triln dfing k l efi v l quy mfl v i chit lupng, da dsng vi hinh thflc t l chflc gifio dgc vfi phong phii vi ITnh vtfc dfio tso.
Tuy nhifln, nin giao dge dang tfin Iji nhifiu hsn chfi. Dd l i , thgc hifin phudng chim gifio dgc chus frifit d l vfi hifiu qui, sfi luijng cic fruflng tU mfim non din dsi hpe ting Ifin, nhung chit lupng gifio dgc ehua tudng xiJng
"gifio dgc vfi dio tso chua thge sg trfl thSnh qufie sieh hing d l u , thdnh dfing Igc phil trifin. Chit lupng, hidu qui giio dgc vfi dio tso cfln thip so vdl yfiu d u , nhit l i gifio dgc dsi hoc gifio dge nghi nghifip""". Sfi luijng sinh vidn sau khi t i t nghifip edc trudng cao ding, dsi hpo v i frung cfip chuyfin nghiip khfing fim dupe viSc lim hofic ifim khflng dung chuydn mdn khfi Idn, gfiy ling phi chil xfim vfi ngufin nhfin Igc d i qua dio tso. Hiin ed khoing 225.500 cO nhin v i thsc si thil nghiflp, nguyfin nhfin l i : "dio tso chua gin kit vdl nghifin cflu khoa hpc, sin xult kinh doanh vfi nhu clu eua thj trudng lao dfing""".
Vific giio dge dso ddo. Ifii sing, ky nfing sfing eho sinh vidn ehua thgc sg dupe chu trpng din din vin hda flng xO, dso ddc. III sfing cOa hpe sinh, sinh vifin xudng d p .
Nhin vfio thge frpng nin gifio dgc vfi sin phim cOa nfin glio dge, vifie dfii mdl giio dge l i ydu d u bile tbilt, d n d l l mdi cSn bin, toan difin glio dgc vfi dio tso, khdi die bing dfii mdi tu duy giio dgc. Mufin vfiy, cin tu duy Isi nhflng frilt ly gido dge cOa Chu Ijch Hfi Chl Mlnh lim bfi dfl cho qui Irinh dll mJi tu duy v l giio dge.
T* chiic nh* nnAn- si II/20I6
Thtt nhil, phii thaf dii tu duy vd xic anh muc liiu cua gito dtfc vt dio tao, dd'ifi chuyin til dao tso nhflng d i mfi nha tmdng cd sang dao tso nhflng eii m i xa hdi vfi ngudi hpe d n . Theo tinh mfin cOa Dpi hdi Ifin mu XII cua Ding l i : "Phif triln gifio duc vd dfio lao phii gin vdi nhu clu phit triln kinb t l - xa hdi, xdy dgng v i bio vd To qufic. vdi tifin bd khoa hpc - cfing nghfi. yfiu cau phat triln ngufin nhdn Igc vfi mj truflng lao dfing""". Dllu nfiy da dupc Chu tfch Hfi Chi Mmh yfiu elu ngay tfl nhflng ngdy dlu xiy dgng nin gido dgc mfll. meo dd ndi dung vfi sin phim cOa gifio dge phii nhim dung nhu clu cOa xa hfli. VI viy. phfii giii quylt ba vln d l eo bfin: Bd Glio dge v i Bio tso phil ed thdng s i v l nhu clu vide iim cua xa hfii dfi phin ehi tifiu dio tso eho cic trudng;' cie
" " i ^ * ' ^ ' " * " 9 ' ^ ^ "^ii*' ' " " " 9 "^o 'dC cOa m ' ^ f l sinh vifin cd dd phim chit, ning Igc dip flng yfiu d u cflng vifie cOs cic co quan fuyin dgng; coi trong giio dgc thge hinh. cfit milt mge hon l i mam nhiig m i khdng cd ehll lupng.
Theo dd. cin chuyin nin gifio dgc Ily trang bi kifin thilc chuyfin mfin Ifim mgc dfch ChO ylu sang mfit nfin gifio dgc ehl dsy nhflng kifin tbflc chuyin mfin cfin bin fl mflc III thilu. Dinb nhilu thdi gian day ngudi hpc vfi phuong phip. ky ning, efich tg hpc, dpy cich sil dgng, khai mfic cdc mifit bj, gin ly muyfii vdl mgc bdnh. v i day Ifim ngudi vdi mgc dfch ngufli dupc dfio tpo cd khi ning mfch flng nhanh vdi hoin cinh, efl khi nfing hpe tip sufit ddi vfi ed trieh nhidm eao vdl gia dinh, xfi hfii vfi Tfi qufic. COng vdi sg dll mdi nfiy Ifi nhflng thay dfii cin bin. ffl chuong trinh, glio frinh, sieh giio khoa din ngufli Ihly v i cfich mflc giing dsy. Theo frilt ly mdl nfiy, eich dsy vfi hoc se chuyin tfl hpe d l nhd sang hpc d l hllu.
Thtt hal, Ihay ddi tu duy trong thtfc hiin phttdng phip dfy vi phuang phtp hpc. Phil ehuyin dfil tu duy meo hudng liy ngufli hpe Ifim trung tfim. phfil huy v i i trfl nfing dflng cua ngufli hpc. Iflc Ifi phfil: "phfit huy tfit nhll tifim
Ti chAv nha nndc si 11/2016
nfing, khi nfing sang tso cOa mfii e i nhan"""
trfin CP sd djnh hudng cua ngudi day. Diy l i yeu d u tit ylu cua giio dge. eung nhu mgc fieu giao dgc ma ChO tieh Ho Chi Minh da dfit ra. Cho dfin nay. phuong phap glfing dsy d nhilu nha tmdng vin theo III mfln truyen thg kiln mdc mflt d e h mg ddng. cot lim sao cho hpc sinh. sinh vlfin tifip thu dupc efing nhifiu kiln thflc cing tot. Trayin thg kiln thflc Ifi d n milt d i i vdi ngufli hpc. tuy nhifin. sg phit triln cOa khoa hgc da tso ra cho nhfin losi khfii Igpng tri mile khong Ifi. nfin phuong phfip i y khflng cfln phu hpp. Chl ed m l phfit huy tilm nang cOa mfli ngufli hpc, trdn co sd djnh hudng cOa ngufli dpy khi ngudi hpe phfit liuy tlnh tfch cgc, khi nfing vd tilm ning cOa mlnh ChO ddng tfch Iuy kiln mflc. Trong chinh sfich dio tao mdi. nhfit l i die tpo ngufin nhin igc chit lupng cao, d n chuyin msnh nin giao dge nhfil nhdt, dp dit sang mfit nfin gifio dgc khai phdng, trong dd eon ngudi gifl vj frf quan frpng. Ifi nfin gifio dgc m i mil cfi nhfin bill fg frpng vd bill tdn trpng ngudi khfie. bllt nhfin difin chlnh mlnh. bill khai mfie tilm nfing vfin efl trong bin thfin dfi cd thfi thfinh cfing trong thfi gidi duong dpi.
Thtt ba, thay ddi tu duy Irang xiy dtfng ndi dung, chtfdng trlnh gito dpc. dim bio cho stf phtt triin toin diin cda ngudi hoc. Theo dd.
cin: "Chuyin msnh qui trinh giio dgc chO ylu tu trang bj kiln mflc sang phit triln ning lpc v i phim chfit ngufli hoc""". Hiln nay, chuong trinh gifio dge v i dio tso dang mifin v l die tpo tay nghfi, chua mgc sg quan tim din gifio dge dpo dflc. III sing nhim phfit triln d phim chit v i ning Igc cho ngfldi hpc.
Do dfl, hifin tgpng suy dfii v l dso dfle cOa hpe sinh. sinh vlfin dang difin ra dfing bfio ddng.
Hfii mio efing tde bio dim an ninh, trfit tg truflng hpe vfi cflng tfic hpc sinh. sinh vifin nim hpc 2014-2015 do Bfi Gifio duc vfi Dfio tso tfi ehflc ngfiy 05/8/2014 tsi Hfi Ndi dfi dua ra con sfi mfing kfi lidn quan din nhOng hinh VI xuing d p nghiem trpng v l vin hda flng xil cOa hpc sinh. sinh viSn trong d nude. Nguyfin nhfin cua tlnh frpng trdn Ifi do ede trudng mdi
O
chl quan tfim glio dgc nfing cao trlnh dd tay nghfi. chua quan fim dOng mflc tdl giio dgc nfing eao vfin hda, dso dfle, d c h lim ngfldi cho hpc sinh, sinh vien, nhat l i khfii eie nginh kinh te vfi ky mufit. Cfie mfin khoa hpc x i hfii v i nhfin van it dupc quan tfim trong giing dsy, nfil dung chuong trinh bj eat xen, hpc dfin Idp, difiu kien Idp hpc, tfil lidu, gido trinh khdng dO_ Tinh trsng dd dfin dfin thiy khfing mufin dpy, trfl khflng mufl'n hpc; hinh thflc gifio dgc khd khan nghdo nfin, kbfing efl sg dii mdi, thifiu tinh mge flfin so vdi ydu cau phit triln cua xfi hfiL
Thtt hi. dii mdi ttt duy vd dau Itf cho giao flue, vdi phuong chfim col giio dge Ifi qufic sfich hing dfiu; phii cd nhdn tfii mdi kiln thilt dupc dit nufle. Niu khfing diu tu cho giio dgc mfit d e h mda ding thl khdng t h l col Ifi quic sfich hfing dlu vfi eung khdng t h l ed nhilu nhfin tfii cho dfit nufle, bfli dlu tu eho gido dge l i dlu tu cho sg phit triln. Vifit Nam thufic sfi it qufic gia efi ty trpng GDP dfinh cho giio dgc eao nhit t h l gidi, tuy nhifin mUe ehi cho giio dgc bing ngin sieh nhfi nude tinh eho mdt hpe sinh, sinh vifin cfln fl mflc fhip so vdi mfit s i quic gla trong khu vtfc. Theo s i lidu dupe cdng b l tsi mflt hdi thio cOa IJy ban Kinh t l cOa Quoc hfli v i Vifin Hfin Ifim khoa hoc xa hfil Vifit Nam, phin ehi eho giao dgc Ifl ngin sich nhfi nude chl bing 60% Ilng chl cho gifio dge, 40% cfln Isi do ngudi dfin ddng gdp nfin vdl nhilu gia dlnb dp Ige ddng gdp d l duy tri vific hpc tdp cOs eon em hp rfit idn. D l sfi chi ngfin sfich nhfi nudc cho gido dge ehuyin hfls trgc tilp vfi hofin tofin vao qufi trinh gido dge phfii:
"nfing cao hifiu qui sfl dgng vfin ngin sfich nhfi ngdc. Dfii mdl v i hofin mien efl c h l ehinh sfich gii djch vg glio dgc - dfio tao"".
Trong dllu kien hifin nay d l diu tu cho giio dgc cd hidu qui cin sil dgng ngin sfich cd trpng tfim. trpng dilm; dfiu tu dao tao dfii ngu d n bfi. gido vifin. edn bd quin ly du v l sfi lupng v i ehit lupng; diu tu co sd vif cblt cho hfi ming giio dgc. Diy mpnh xa hfil hfla tn/fle hit dfii vdi gido dgc nghfi nghifip v i
gifio dge dpi hpc; khuyen khfch lidn kfit«), cfie eo sfl dio tso nudc n g d i cd uy tin. (^
chinh sieh khuyin khich cpnh tranh Hm, msnh trong giio dgc vfi d i o tso trdn co si bio dim quyen loi cua ngudi hpc. ngudi si]
dung ISO dpng v i ed sd giio dgc. dio tao. DSi vdi cie nganh dio tso d khi ning xa hil hda eao. ngdn sach nha nudc chi h i trp cic doi tupng chinh sich. dfing bao dfin tfic thiiu sfi va khuyfi'n khfch t i l nfing. Tiln tdl binh dang v l quyin dupc nhfin h i trp cOa Nha nudc d i i vdl ngufli hpe d trudng cflng Ifip va tradng ngoai edng lip. Tilp tgc hoin thifin cbinh sfich h i trp dii vfli cae dfii tgpng chinh sich, dfing bio din tfic thilu sfi vfi co chl tli dgng cho hpc sinh, sinh vifin.
D l l mdi tu duy gifio dge cd nfii him rSl rfing, cfl nhilu eich tilp cfin khie nhau, dflng chpm dfin hfiu hit nhflng vln dfi thufic hojc lifin quan din hopt dfing giao dgc v i hfi Ihfing glio dgc. Cung nhu ti't e i eie qui trtnh dSi mdi, d l l mdi tu duy giio dgc phii trfin cd sd nhflng nguyfin ly, ly luin, nguyfin tic hay hi tu tuflng lim bfi dfl, phil phO hpp vdl truyfin thing vfin hda cOa dfin tflc vd dip flng yiu clu eua xu thfi phfit triln x i hfii. VI thi, nhflng trifit ly gifio dge cua ChO tjch Hfi Chi Minh l i CO sfl, djnh huflng eho mfit tu duy mdi d l dfii mdi gido dgc v i dio tpo hifin nay -i
Ghi chd:
(1), (9) Hd Chl Minh. toin tip tfip 11, NU CTQG - ST, H.2011. fr.528: tr.331.
(2) Hd Chl Mlnh. loin tip. tfip 10, Sdd, tr.377, (3).(4),(5),(6),(7) Hd Chl Minh, toin lip. Up t, Sdd. U.175. fr.156. tr.7. tr.35. tr.315.
(8),(11) Hd Chl Minh. loin (fip, Ifip 6, SM.
tr.47, tr.47.
(10),(12) Hd Chl Minh, toin Up tfip 9, SM.
tr. 492, tr.292.
(13),(14),(15),(16).(17),(ie),(19) Ding Cfing sin Vifit Nam, Vtn kiin Dfi hdi dfi bidu toin quk lin thtt XIL Nxb CTQG-ST. H.2016. IM 13, ti.113- 114. tr.114, lr,114-115,tr.115, tr.115. tr.117.
T i chAe nh* nndv aA' 11/20I6
