DE XUAT KHUNG PHAN TICH MOI TRUfOfNG KINH DOANH PHU H 0 P VOfi DOANH NGHIEP KHAI THAC THAN THUQC TAP DOAN CONG NGHIEP THAN
- KHOANG SAN VIET NAM (TKV)
• LE DiNH CHIEU - DANG HUY THAI - NGUYEN NGQC KHANH - N G U Y I N VAN THUdNG
TOM TAT:
Phdn tich mdi tn/dng kinh doanh, bao gdm mdi tnfdng ben ngodi va ndi bd doanh nghidp la ndi dung quan trpng trong cdng ldc kd' hoaeh cua doanh nghiep vd Id cdn cd tri/c tiep d^ xdy difng kc' hoaeh (bao gdm ca ke' hoaeh chie'n lu'^e vd ke' hoaeh tic nghidp) ciia doanh nghidp.
Tuy nhien hien nay eac doanh nghiep khai thdc than thupc Tdp doiin Cdng nghidp Than - Khodng san Viet Nam (TKV) ehUa quan tam nhieu de'n vide ihi/c hien boat ddng nay mOt cdch bai ban. Thdng qua bai vie't, nhdm nghien cd'u su'dung tdng hdp cac phUdng phdp nghidn cii'u nhu nghien cd\i ly thuye'l, khao sdi ihUc te...; Iren ed sd tim bieu nhi?ng ddc trUng cua doanh nghiep khai thdc than thudc TKV. de xuat khung phan tich mdi tri/dng kinh doanh phCi hdp vdi cdc doanh nghiep nay.
TU khoa: Khung phan tieh, mdi tn/dng kinh doanh, doanh nghiep khai thdc than, Tdp dodn Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam (TKV).
1. D3tvandd
Phan tich mdi in/dng kinb doanh la boat ddng nham muc dich tim ra cd hdi. nguy cd iif mdi tn/dng ben ngoai vd diem manh. diem ye'u trong ndi bd doanh nghiep. Viec phdn lich dUdc thUc hien vdi cae diT lieu qud khiJ de ehi ra xu hu'dng, lam cd sd cho di/ bdo bien ddng ciia mdi irUdng kinh doanh irong ti/dng lai. Ti^ nhUng dU bao nay, doanh nghiep se xdc dinh edc muc tieu (ddi ban
\a ngiin ban) va edc ke'hoaeh hanh ddng cho minh (ke hoaeh ehien li/dc \d ke' hoaeh tde nghiep).
Dieu nay edng cd y nghia trong bd'i canh hdi nhap kinh le qud'e leva each mang cdng nghd 4.0 hien nay, khi md mdi tru'dng kinh doanh bie'n ddi rat mau le. khdn ludng. Hien nay, lai ede doanh nghiep khai thae than thudc TKV, cdng tac ke' hoaeh chii ye'u dUdc thuc hien dUa theo edc hUdng ddn Clia TKV vd tinh hinh thUc te'lai doanh nghiep.
Cdc doanh nghiep nay chua quan lam nhieu de'n hoal ddng phan tich mdi irudng kinh doanh. Dieu nay se lam giam hieu qua ciia edng ldc ke' hoaeh do thie'u can cU can thie'l (ket qua phan tich va dU
262 Sd 2 - T h d n g 2/2020
KINH DOANI
Kio bien ddng eua mdi trudng kinh doanh). Dodd.
(joinh nghidp edn phai trien khai thuc hien viee phao lich mdi tnfdng vdi day dii ede ndi dung de phat huy tdi da hieu qua eua boat ddng nay.
2, De xuS't khung phSn tich moi trUdng phu b ^ vdi doanh nghidp khai thac than thudc TKV 2.1. Mgt so dgc triing cUa doanh nghifp khai ihac than anh ht0ng de'n cong tac kehoach
Moi Iinh Vl/c, ngdnh nghe kinh doanh deu cd nhihig ddc tnfng anh hudng dd'n hoat ddng quan tri not chung va cdng tdcke hoaeh ndi rieng. Dd'i vdi doanh nghidp khai ihde than thuoc TKV, khi phdn lich moi tn/dng kinh doanh de ihUe bien cdng ldc ke hoaeh, can lUu y de'n mgt sd dae irUng:
- Doanh nghiep khai ihac than khai thdc ngudn tii nguyen trong ldng da'l, do dd, boat dgng sdn xuat - kinh doanh eung nhUhieu qua eua boat dgng nily chju dnh hUdng trUe tie'p bdi dieu kien mo dia chfil lif nhien eua via than;
- Di?n san xua't ciia cdc doanh nghiep nay thay d^i nhanh va khd dU bao chinh xdc, phu thudc nhi^u vdo ke't qud vd eha't lUdng ctia cdng ldc thdm d6 dia chat;
•Doanh nghidp khai thac than thudc TKV deu 1& cdc doanh nghiep quy md ldn, khd'i lUdng cdng
\icc nhieu; bao gdm nhieu ddn vi, nhieu bd phan vdi chi?c nang chuyen mdn hda. Hoat dgng quan tri n(Si chung vd cdng tde kd'hoaeh ndi rieng can phai kci ndi difdc cdc bg phdn, etc ddn vi nay.
-ThitnfdngThan Viet Nam giai doan bien nay
cung cd nhiJng bien ddng Idn. Vide Tong cdng i>
Than Ddng Bdc - Bd Qud'c phdng ideh ra hoal dgng ddc lap vdi TKV. ciing vdi sU tham gia khai ihdc than cua mdl sd'doanh nghiep ngoai TKV da phd vd the ddc quyen trong viec sdn xuat ihan ciia TKV. Ben canh dd. do nhu eau tieu thu than trong nude ngdy edng tang, irong khi trtJ IUdng than hien tai dang giam theo qud irinh khai thdc dan de'n \ iec nhieu doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai nhdp khau tlian tU nUdc ngoai de ddp Ung nhu eau ngi dia. NhU vdy. hien nay ihi tn/dng ihan Viet Nam cd rat nhieu chii the tham gia ca vdo boat ddng khai thdc
\a nhdp khau ihan. Idm cho thi trUdng ndy ngdy cdng sdi ndi.
- Ben canh dd. ciing vdi ddc irUng ciia mo hinh edng ly me - cdng ty con trong TKV eung nhu sU kbdc biet \ e dieu kien md dia chat giUa cac doanh nghiep khai thdc than khae nhau trong TKV ddn de'n viee TKV ehi phd'i. can thiep tUdng dd'i ldn vao boat ddng ciia cdc doanh nghiep khai thdc than.
2.2. Khung phdn tick moi trUdng kinh doanh cua cdc doanh nghidp khai thdc than thiigc TKV
lit ndi dung ed ban ciia vide phan lich mdi irUdng kinh doanh. ddng didi cd phan dnh. tinh de'n nhUng dac trUng eua doanh nghiep khai ihde than ke trdn; de' dam bao vide phdn tich mdi IrUdng ed trgng lam vd hieu qua. nhdm nghidn cdu de xua't khung phan tich mdi trUdng kinh doanh phu hdp vdi doanh nghiep khai thdc than ihudc TKV nhU trong Bang 1.
Bang 1. Khung phan tich moi trudng kinh doanh phu hdp vdi doanh nghiep khai thdc than thupc TKV
Thanh ^ mdi tnidng Ndi dung phan tich
A. Mfi! TRUdNG B&N NGOAI I. M6| TRUdNG VI MO 1- Moi tnjang chlnh tn - phap lu§t a Mdtinjdng
! chinh tn
b. Moi trudng I phap luat
- Mdl quan he ngoai giao {tac ddng den boat dgng xual nhap khau than; nhap khau may mdc thiet bi; thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai; va dau tu khai thac than d nudc ngoai (neu cd)). , - Cac lual, bd luat cd lac ddng true tiep den doanh nghiep khai thac than. Bd luat iao ddng:
luat tai nguyen; luat bao ve mdi trudng va cac (uat khac cd lien quan den doanh nghiep nhu luat doanh nghiep, cac luat thue, luat dau tu, luat thuong mai-.. (quan tam den nhiing dieu.
khoan true tiep anh hudng den doanh nghiep khai thac than).
- Luat qudc le. cac cong Ude qudc te cd tae dong den Viet Nam va cd hen quan den hoat ddng khai khoang nhu van de tai nguyen, mdi trudng. sudung lao dong...
So 2-Thang 2/2020 263
Th&tfi to mdi tnidng N^i dung phfin tich ^^
- Su phat trien cua cac nganh kinh fe ciia nen kinh t§ qudc dan va lac dpng den nganh Than;
2 . ^ trudng _ ^^^ ^ ^^.^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^- ^ ^ 1^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^j^p ^^g| ^^^^ [,^3^ nhu toe dd tSng trudng kmh te. lai suat ngan hang, ty gia hoi doai, ty le that nghiep, lam phat.
kinhte
3. Mo) trudng van hda - xa hdi
a. 01 n;ong _ ^^^ ^. ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^-^^ ^^^ ^g^^^l ^^^ ^^^g van hoa
. Su phat trien cua xa hpi va tac dong den nhu cau, mdc hudng thy cua ngudi iao ddng;
b. M61 trudng _ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ngh\ep khac bang thu nhgp, dieu kien lam viec, phue loi...
xa hpi
. . - Cac cdng nghe khai thac than va kha ndng ap dung trong didu kidn ciia Vi?t Nam;
'• v | ^ ' ' ) | ° " f - Xu hudng ddi mdi cdng nghe; chu ky cdng nghe lien quan den hoat ddng khai thac, ch^
bien than cdng nghe
I - Trii lugng lai nguyen tham dd den thdi diem hien tai va do kien tham dd trong tuong lai;
I - Van de ton that tai nguyen va hudng kh&c phue;
5. M6i InJdng 1 - Van de can kiet tai nguyen va 6 nhiem moi trudng;
tu nhien ' - Nguon nang luong thay the va tac dgng den nganh Than;
I - Van de thdi tiet, khi hau va nhflng anh hudng den hogl dgng khai thac, che bien than.
j - Bien ddi khi hau va tac ddng den hoat dgng khai thac, che bien than 11. MOl T R U ( 3 N G NGANH (HAY MOI TRUdNG CANH TRANH)
1 Khach hang
- Doanh nghiep giao than qua dau mdi nao cua Tap doan;
- Kha nang nhan than ciia cac dau mdi;
- Kmh nghiem va kha nang phdi hop kinh doanh giua doanh nghiep va dau mdi tieu thy;
- Quyen han va kha nang tim kiem cac khach hang le de tu tieu thu cua doanh nghiep.
• Nhdng nha cung cap nao la chi dmh cCia Tap doan. Kha nang cung iing kip Ihdi ciia hp; kinh I nghiem va kha nang phoi hop kinh doanh cua cac nha cung cap do vdi doanh nghiep;
2. Nha cung cap - NtiOng yeu to dau vao nao doanh nghiep duoc chu dgng trong viec cung dng; cac nha cung I cap nao cd kha nang cung ung nhOng yeu to dd va kha nang cung dng, uy tin, ciing nhd moi , quan he ciia ho ddi vdi doanh nghiep
- Kha nang canh tranh cua cac ddi Ihu trong viec thu hut cac yeu to dau vao, dac biet la n r^- .u- laoddng;
3. Doithu ,,u- - u - -
canh tranh " " ^ " ^ ^^ '"^ ^° '"""^S' ^^^^ ''^'^"9' 9'^ '^^) ciia cac doanh nghiep ngoai TKV hien tai "^ ^ ° ^ " ^ "^^'^"^ " ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ *^^^ '^^^"'^ ^9^'^P ^^^'^ '^^^ '^^n thugc TKV thuc chat la mdt
don VI kinh doanh cua Tap doan nen ve cQ ban khdng co ddi thu canh tranh ve tieu thu tronq ' ngi bo TKV).
4. Odi thii canh - Nhung doanh nghiep nao dang cd y d|nh tham gia vao khai thac, nhap khau than va nhQng tranh Sem an ngudn lyc, nang luc canh tranh cua hg.
5. San pham - Nhan dien nhOng san pham thay the than va kha ndng phat Inen nhung san phSm thav the ' thay the dd d \fiet Nam hien tai va trong tuong lai.
264 So 2-Thang 2/2020
KINH0DAN8
•fhWi 16 mdt trudng NOi dung phan tich
B. DANH GIA NOI B O DOANH NGHlfP 1 Danh gia cac
ngu6ntuc
- Danh gia cac ngudn luc cua doanh nghiep nhu nhan lyc. ngudn lyc tai chinh, cdng ngh|, thdng lin.
2 Phdn tich hogt dpng kinh doanh
- Phan tich tinh hinh cung ufng va su dung cac yeu tddau vao: Phan tich tinh hinh sii dyng lao ddng; phan tich tinh hinh sO dyng TSCD; phan tich tinh hinh cung dng va dy tn} vat tU;
- Phan tich hoat ddng san xuat;
- Phan tich chi phi san xuat va gia thanh san pham;
- Phan tich tinh hinh tieu thu; Igi nhuan;
- Phan tich tinh hinh tai chinh
- Phan tich cac hoat ddng quan tn theo linh vuc nhu quan trt san xuat (cac bO phan ve cdng nghe san xuat, dieu do san xuat...); quan tri nhan luc; quan tri tai chinh; quan tn chi phi;
cdng tac nghien cUu va phat tnen...
3. Phan tich hogt ddng I aia cac bO ph|n
; diLic ndng
3. Tri^n khai thUc hi0n phfin tich mdi trUcfng kinh doanh tai doanh nghidp khai thac than thugc TKV
Hoat dgng phdn tich mdi trudng kinh doanh cin duac tien hdnh thudng xuyen, it nha't hai l^n trong mot nilm. Mdl lan dUdc thUc hien vao thdi diem giffa niim lam cd sd xay dUng ke' hoaeh eho nam tie'p [heo; mgt lan thUc hidn vao thdi die'm cud'i nam ldm cSn Cl? trien khai thUc hien kd' hoaeh trong nam tie'p [heo. Chli the' phan tich mdi trUdng kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep la edc nha qudn tn ea'p eao eua doanh nghidp, vdi sU trd giiip cua cac bd phan phdng ban ehifc nang. Phdng Ke' hoacb ehu tri viec long hdp phan [ich, vie't bdo cdo. Su" dung ma Iran SWOT de l^ng hdp ket qua phan tich.
Quy trinh phan tich mdi tn/dng kinh doanh dUdc thitc hifen theo cdc bUde:
Budc I. Lap ke' hoaeh phan tich de cd cd sd tridn Ichai ihifc hien eae cdng viee mdt each chat che vd
% du. Ke hoaeh phdn tieh can chi ra eae cdng viee
|Aii thUc hien, cdc ngudn lUc can thie't de thUc hidn eie cong viec dd.
Bifdc2. Chua'n bi cac ngudn lUc can thie't de thue W^n hoat dgng phan tieh mdt edch thuan tien va Ilieu qua Mgt so nguon luc can phai chuan bi nhU cic ldi li^u, thdng tin, cdng cu, nhan lUc va cde nguon lUc khac de thUe hien boat dgng phan tich.
Biidc 3. Tie'n hdnh phan tich. CJ ndi dung ndy.
•Joanh nghiep can thUe hien:
- Rian u'ch mdi tn/dng ben ngodi de dU bao cae cd W vd nguy cd dd'i vdi doanh nghiep trong tUdng Iai:
- Ddnh gid ndi bd doanh nghiep de tha'y dUdc
Nguon: De -xud'l cua nbam ngbien cdu nhUng diem manh. diem ye'u eiia doanh nghiep vd kha nang tan dung cac ed hgi, ne trdnh cae nguy ed tU mdi trudng bdn ngoai,
Budc 4. Tong hdp. lap bao edo phan lieh. TU kd'l qui phan tich, tie'n hanh tdng hdp va lap bdo cdo phan tich. Bao cao phan lich can chi ra dUdc cdc ndi dung:
- Tong hdp eae cd hdi, nguy cd tU mdi trUdng ben ngoai;
- Tong hdp nhii'ng diem manh, diem ye'u, ndng lUc canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep:
- Du kie'n cdc muc tieu, phUdng dn kd'hoaeh (ke hoaeh chie'n lUdc va ke' hoaeh tae nghiep) cd the trien khai hieu qua.
Sau khi xay dUng xong bdo edo phan tich, ed the id ehUc hgi nghi phan tich de tranh thu them eae y kie'n cua edc ben lien quan va ede chuyen gia; dong thdi cung de pho bie'n thdng tin tU ke't qua phan tich eho cdc ea nhan. bd phdn hffu quan irong doanh nghidp.
4. Kd't loan
Thdng qua bai viel. nhdm nghien cUu da phdn tich, chl ra nhffng dac irUng ciia doanh nghiep khai Ihac than ihudc TKV. de tff dd dUa ra khung phdn lieh mdi irUdng phii hdp vdi eac doanh nghiep nay Bdi vie't cQng de xuat qu> trtnh cde bUdc ibUc hien vide phan tich mdi irUdng tai ede doanh nghiep khai thdc than ihudc TKV. Phdn lich mdi irUdng kinh doanh la mdt khau. mdt cdng doan trong cdng tae ke hoaeh; do dd. can dUdc ihUc hien ddng bd trong mdi quan he vdi cde boat ddng, cde khdu khde eua cdng tac ke'hoaeh de dam bao edng tde ke hoacb dat hieu qua eao nhd't •
So 2-Thang 2/2020 265
TAI LlfL THWI KH.AO;
1. \gn Kitn Thanh vd cdng sit 12012). Gida truth Qudn Irj cliien ludc .WB Dai hoc Kttth te Qudc ddn.
2. Bill Dtic Tudn vd cdng .u 12005). Gida trinh Ke Itoach kinb doanh. NXB Lao d(tng - \d lioi.
3 Nahi dmh so 105/2O1S/ND-CP ngdy OS thdng S ndm 2018 cdn Chinh phti ban hdnh diin le to chue vd httgt tidng I na Tap dodn Cdni; nghiep Than • Khodng sdn Vii't .\uiti.
4 Cdng vdn sti'4295/TKV-KH cda TKVvi vice Hilditg ddn xdy ditng kehoach phtti htfp kinh dtianh nam 2019.
NKa> nhan bai: 20/1/2020
Nt;a> phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chifa: 30/1/2020 NBa> chfl'p nhfln dflng bai: 10/2/2020
Thdng iin idc gid • 1. NCS.ThS. LE DINH CHIEL 2. TS. DANG HIV THAI 3. PGS.TS. NC;l VEN NGQC KHANH 4. ThS. NGL VEN \ AN THLfdNG
Khoa Kinh te - QTKD, TrifSng Dai hpc Mci - Dja chfl't
PROPOSING THE FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING BUSINESS ENVIROMENT WfflCH IS SUITBALE FOR COAL MINING ENTERPRISES UNDER VINACOMIN
• Ph.D's student. Master, IE DINH CHIEU
• Ph,D DANG HUY THAI
• Assoc,Prof,Ph,D NGUYEN NGOC KHANH
• Master, NGUYEN VAN THUONG Faculty of Economics - Business Administration
Hanoi University of Mining a n d Geoiogy
ABSTRACT:
Analyzing business environment, including external and internal business environment, is an important work in the enterprise's planning and a direct basis for making plans, including strategic plans and operational plans, of businesses. However, coal mining enterprises under Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (Vinacomin) have not paid much attention to the business environment analysis as well as do this work in a methodical manner.
This study was conducted by using a combination of research methods such as theoretical research and field surveys. By understanding the characterisUcs of coal mining enterprises under Vinacomin. this .study proposes a framework for analyzing business environment which is suitable for the.se enterprises.
Keywords: Analytical framework, business environment, coal mining enterprise, Vietnam National Coal -Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited (Vinacomin),
266 So 2 - Thdng 2/2020
