Nghien culi mu'c do
tuan thu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat
nguon goc go hcfp phap
den su" phat trien cua cac lang nghe go of tmh Bac Ninh
HOANG THI HAO*
Tom tat
Bai vii't ddnh gid mffc do tudn thu cdc quy dinh ve kiem sodt nguon go'c gd hgp phdp vd tdc ddng cda no din sUphdt triin cua cdc ldng nghi go tgi tinh Bdc Ninh. Kit qud nghiin cffu cho thd'y, CO 4 nhdn to', gdm: Tudn thd phdp lugt cd bdng chffng xdc minh su tudn thu; Tudn thu cdc quy dinh ve van chuyin budn bdn gd; Tudn thu cdc quy dinh ve chi biin gd; Tudn thu cdc quy dinh ve thui diu cd tuang quan cdng chieu vdi chd't lugng phdt trien ldng nghe gd d tinh Bdc Ninh.
Tlf khda: tudn thu phdp ludt. ludn thd van chuyen budn bdn. ludn thu chibie'n gd, ludn thd thui Summary
The paper assesses the compliance with regulations on controlling legal timber sources and its impact on the development of woodcraft villages in Bac Ninh province. The result identifies four factors positively correlated with the development quality of woodcraft villages in Bac
Ninh province, which are Compliance with the law with evidence of compliance; Compliance with regulations on timber transportation and trade; Compliance with regulations on wood processing; Compliance with tax regulations.
Keywords: compliance with the law. compliance with transportation, compliance with wood processing, tax compliance
GIOI THIEU
Nhflng nam qua, cac lang nghe gd tren dia^ban tinh Bac Ninh khdng nhffng gdp phan ra't ldn trong viec giai quye't viec lam, nang cao thu nhap cho ngtfdi lao flSng, thu hep khoang each giau ngheo, ma con gdp phan giai quyet eae va'n de xa hpi d khu vffe ndng thdn, thuc day tang trffdng kinh te' va bao tdn gia di van hoa truyen thd'ng cua dan t d c . Ben canh nhifng mat tich cffe, lang nghd gd tinh Bac Ninh, cQng nhff nhieu lang nghe khac dang dffng bifdc khdng it khd khan, thach thii'c trong vide duy tn phat tridn san xua't, nhff: ngudn vd'n ban hep; edng nghe, thiet hi lac hau; kha nang td chffe quan ly cdn han chg"; tnnh dp tay nghe cua ngffdi lao dong chffa eao; nguyen lieu dau vao ngay cang khan hie'm; sif canh tranh gay gSt tff
thi trffdng ben ngoai... Dac biet la trffdc bdi canh vl thffc thi ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap giffa Viet Nam va EU da anh htfdng trffe tie'p de'n phat trien san xua'l, kinh doanh eua lang nghi, do la va'n dl can dffdc sff quan tam cua cap uy, chinh quyen va nhan dan trong Tinh, eung nhff trdn dia ban cac lang nghe. Vi vay, viec nghien cffu nham danh gia mffc dp tuan ihu cac quy dinh ve kidm soal nguon gdc gd hdp phap de'n stf phat irien cua cac lang ngbl gd d tinh B^c Nirffi la viec lam can thie't.
PHaONG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U
Khi danh gia mffc dd tuan thii cac quy dinh ve kiem soal nguon gd'e gd hdp phap tai tinh BSe Ninh, nghien cffu sff dung so'Ueu dieu tra 200 hg gia dinh va cdng ly tai 3 lang nghe gd (Phii Khe, Dong Ky, Hffdng Mac) tinh Bac Ninh trong thdi gian tff thang 06/2018 de'n thang 09/2018. Sau dd, dff lieu dffdc dffa vao phan mem SPSS 22.0 de phan lich.
Cac thang do dffdc md ta idiff Bang 1,
TS., TrLfdng Dai hpc Lam nghiep
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 03/03/2019; Ngdy phdn biin: 20/04/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/04/2019
145
BANG 1: THANG DO DAMH GIA MAC DO TOAN THO cAC QUY DINH VE KIEM S O A T N G G 6 N GOC G 6 HCiP P H A P TAI TINH BAC NINH STT
I 2 3 4 5
Thang do
Tuan thu phap luat cd bang chiJng xac minh sif man ihu (TTPL)
Tuan thu cac quy dinh ve van chuyen buon ban gg (TTVCBB)
Tuan thu cac quy dinh ve che bien 20 (TTCBG) Tuan ihu cac quy dinh ve thue (TTTHUE) Danh gia chung ve mile do tuan thu cac quy dinh v l kiem soat nguon goc go hdp phdp (SAT)
BilTn M c biftig TTPLI,TrPL2,TTPL3, TTPL4, TTPL5 TTVCBB 1,TTVCEB2, VCBB3. VCBB4 TTCBGI. TTCBG2. TTCBG3 TTTHUE I.TTTHUEZ, TTTHUE3
SATl, SATZ, SAT3, SAT4
BANG 2: KET QUA KIEM DINH DO TIN CAY CGA THANG DO STT
I 2 3 4 5
Thang do TTPL TTVCBB TTCBG TTTHUE SAT
Bi^Q dac triAig TTPLl. TTPL2. r r P L 3 . TTPL4. TTPLS TTVCBBl. TTVCBB2. VCBB3. VCBB4
TTCBGI, TTCBG2. TTCBG3 TTTHUEI,TTTHUE2,TTTHUE3 SATI. SAT2, SAT3, SAT4
Cronbach's Alpha
0,924 0.848 0.863 0,859 0.767
BifTn bi loai bo Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong BANG 3: KIEM DINH KMO VA BARTLETT'S TEST KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square df
Sig.
0.800 1955.335 136 0,000
0,768 192,666 6 0,000 1. Tinh toan cua nhom i.
BANG 4: KET QUA DAMH GIA S(S HOI TQ CUA CAC NHAN TO Thang do
Tong phu'dng sai trich Eigen vales
Thang do dflc l^p 72,877 2,233 (4)
'Thang do phn thuQc 58,976 2,359(1)
•^a„T<n. Ket qua chiet xuat tren phan m e m SPSS 22.0
KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU VA THAO LUAN
Kiim dmh dd tin cgy cua thang do
Cic thang do deu dUdc danh gia^thdng qua he so' tin cay Cronbach's .AJpha. Kel qua kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha dffdc the hien qua (Bang 2).
Kel qua Bang 2 cho thay, tri so' Cronbach's Alpha tong the cua cac tbang do TTPL, TTVCBB, TTCBG, TTTHUE va SAT deu ldn hdn 0,7. He so' tffdng quan bie'n-tong cua cac bie'n quan sal trong thang do deu dat mffc cao tren 0,5, do dd, cac bie'n nay deu the hi?n sff lidn he vdi long the thang do ma cac bie'n bieu dien.
Phdn tich nhdn to'khdm phd (EFA)
Ke'l qua kiem dinh tinh thich hdp cua EFA bang phffdng phap kiem dinh KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) du'dc neu d (Bang 3) cho tha'y, he so KMO dat mffc kha cao la 0,8 dd'i vdi bien ddc lap va 0,768 ddi vdi bid'n phu thupc. Do dd, thda man dieu kien 0,5<KMO<1. Do vSy,
phan U'ch EFA la diich hdp cho bang dff lieu tone the.
* Kiem dinh Bartlett's Test xem xel gia thuye't HO do tffdng quan giffa cac bien so' bang 0. Bdng 3 cho thay, gia tri k i | m dinh Sig.= 0,000 < 0,005. Do vay, kiem dinh Bartlett's Test cd y nghia thd'ng ke vk cac bie'n cd y nghTa vdi nhau trong long the', do do cac ket luan tff phan tich nhan td' dam bao dffdc do tin cay. ^
Kiem dinh mffc do giai thich cua cac bie'n quan sat dd'i vdi nhan td' dffdc the Men qua (Bang 4). Theo dd,^chi tieu gii tri long phi/dng sai trich cua thang do ddc lap la 72,877% cho tha'y, cac nhan td' dffdc dffa ra rtf phan tich cd die giai thich di/dc 72,877% sff bie'n thien cua dff lieu khao sat ban dau, day la ty le kha. Tff cac phan tich tren cd thd' kel luan rSng, phan lich EFA la phu hdp vdi dff lieu td'ng the.
Kel qua Bang 4 cung cho thay, he so' Eigenvalues the hien s\i hdi lu cua cac nhan td' cho thay, tai nhan to' thff 4, gia tri nay cao hdn 1 mffc gan nha't, vdi gia Iri 2,233 do dd cac bie'n quan sat ban dau cd sff hoi lu ve 4 nhan to'. Tff do, co the xac dinh du'dc 4 nhSn Id' difa vao phan tich EFA.
Ke't qua Bang 5 cho thay, 17 bie'n quan sat deu cd he sd'tai nhan to'(Factor oading) ldn hdn 0,7. Nhu' vay, 4 nhan to' dai didn cho cac nhan Id' anh hffdng de'n phat trie'n lang nghe gd d tinh Bac Ninh bao gom:
Nhan to' 1 (Component 1) bao gom cac bie'n TTPLl, TTPL2. TTPL3.
TTPL4, TTPL5 dat ten cho nhan to' nay la Fl (Tuan thu phap luat cd bang chffng xac minh sif luan thu).
Nhan td'2 (Component 2) bao gom cac bien TTVCBB 1, TTVCBB2, TTVCBB3, TTVCBB4 dat ten cho cac nhan td' nay la F2 (Tuan thu cac quy dinh ve van chuyen va budn ban gd).
Nhan to' 3 (Component 3) bao aom cac bie'n TTCBGI. TTCBG2, TTCB133, TTCBG4 dat ten cho cac nhan to' nay la F3 (TuSn diu cac quy dinh ve che bie'n gd).
Nhan id'4 (Component 4) bao gom cac bie'n TTTHUE 1, TTTHUE2, TTTHUE3, TTTHUE4 dat ten cho cac nhan td nay la F4 (Tuan thii cac quy dinh ve thue).
J^JhU v|y, thdng qua viec phan tich nhan id dd'i vdi dff lieu khao sat cd thd' thay rang, cac bie'n quan sat bieu didn cho tffng nhan to' la gid'ng vdi cac bie'n quan sat dffdc de xuat tff thang do ban dau. Cac nhan to' dffdc du'a ra iff phan tich
146
EFA, dffdc dnh gia tri trung bmh cua cac bi^n quan sat bieu diln nhan to' dd, va sff dung nhff la bie'n dai dien cho cac nhan to' trong phan tich hoi quy.
Phdn tick hdi quy bgi
K^t qua ph§n tich hoi quy (Bang 6) cho thay, gia iri R' hieu chinh dat mffc kha cao la 0,658. Dilu n^y cho tha'y, cac nhSn to dffa ra tff md hinh cd the giai thich dffdc 65,8% sff bie'n thidn cua bie'n phu thuoc la chat lffdng mffc do tuan thu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat nguon gd'c gd hdp phap. Day la mdt ty le cao, cho ihS'y sii phu hdp cua md hinh ly thuye't vdi so' lieu thu dffdc tff khao sat thffc td'.
Gia tri Durbin-Watson trong phan tich bang 1,866 nam trong khoang tff 1-3, dieu nay cho thay, cac bid'n ddc lap khong cd sff tff tffdng quan vdi nhau, dieu nay dam bao cho kd't qua phan tich h6i quy la co sff tin cay.
Trong phan tich ANOVA, gia tri F=
93,648; Sig. =0,000 cho thay, ke't qua'cua phep phSn tich hoi quy da dam bao mffc y nghia thong ke. Theo ke'l qua iff bang phk tich hoi quy, gid tri Sig. = 0,000 tai cac dong Iffdng ffng vdi tffng nhSn to' Irong md hinh, vi the' cac nhan to' deu co sff anh hffdng tdi bien phu thudc la chat lu'cfng mffc do luan thu_ cac quy dinh v l kilm seal ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap.
Phtfdng trinh hdi quy dffdc xay dffng nhtf sau:
SAT = 0.41*Fl+0,502*F2-\-0,350^
F3+0,234*F4+0,569
tie so' hoi quy dffdc chuan hoa cho biet tam quan Irong cua cac bid'n ddc lap
Irong md hinh.^Cac he sd' hoi quy chuan hda cd ih^
dffdc chuyen ddi vi dang phan tram dffdc the' hidn tren (Bang?).
Ke'l qua Bang 7 cho tha'y, bie'n Fl cd he sd' tu'dng quan chffa dffdc chuan hda la 0,196. Dieu nay cd nghia la, khi tang them 1 diem danh gia ve tuan thu phap luat cd^bang chffng xac minh, thi chat Iffdng mffc dp tuan diu cac quy dinh vi kie'm soat nguon gd'c gd hdp phap tang them them 0,196 die'm.
Bie'n F2 co hd sd Iffdng quan chffa dffdc chu^n hda la 0,28 L Dieu nay cd nghia la, khi tang them 1 diem danh gia ve tuan thu cac quy dinh ve v|n chuyen va budn ban gd, thi chat Iffdng mffc do tuan thu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat ngu6n gd'c gd hdp phap tang them 0,281 die'm.
Bie'n F3 cd he so' tiTdng quan chffa dffdc chuan hda BANG 5: MA TRAN NHAN TO XOAY Bi^n
TTPLl TTPL2 TTPL3 TTPL4 TTPL5 TTVCBBl TTCVBB2 TTVCBB3 TTVCBB4 TTCBGI TTCBG2 TTCBG3 TTCBG4 TTTHUE 1 TTTHUE2 TTTHUE3 TTTHUE4
NhSn to 1
,888 ,877 ,843 ,876 ,891
2
,864 ,810 ,819 ,860
3
,900 ,792 ,864 ,766
4
,890 ,800 ,794 ,805
I, T[nh toan cua nhom tac giLi BAMG 6: KET QGA MO HINH HOI QUY BQ!
Md hinh hdi ouv (Model Sununarv) Model
I R ,81P
R Square
,65 Adjustec R Square
,65 Std. Error of the Estimate ,26706
Change Statistics R Square
Change ,658
F Change dfl 93,6481 4
df2 195
Sig.F Change ,000
Dnrbjn- Watson 1,866 ANOVA"
Model 1
Regre.ssion Residual Total
26,717 13,908 40,625
df 1 Mean Square 4
195 199
6,679 .07!
F 93,648
Sig.
,000"
H ^ HA sfl'hi^i niiv rroeffidftnt.sa>
Model I (Constant)
Fl F2 F3 F4
Unstandardized Coefficients B
,569 ,196 ,281 ,240 ,134
Std Error ,153 ,020 .024 ,029 ,025
Standardized Coefficients
Beta ,410 ,502 ,350 ,234
t 3,715 9,648 11,716 8,206 5,439
Sig.
.000 .000 ,000 ,000 ,000
Coliinearity Statistics Tolerance
,971 ,957 ,963 ,945
VIF 1,030 1,045 1,038 1,058
;: Tinh toan cua nhom
147
BANG 7: VI TRI QUAN TRONG CGA cAC NHAN TO Big'n dOc l$p
Fl (TTPL) F2 (TTVCBB)
F3 (TTCBG) F4 (TTTHUE) Tong so'
GiS tri tuygt dfTi 0,196 0,281 0,240 0,134 0,851
Ty trong (%) 23,03 33,02 28,20 15.75 100
la 0,240. Dieu nay co nghia la, khi tang them 1 di^m danh gia ve lu&n thu cac quy dinh ve che'bid'n gd, thi chS't Iffdng mffc dd tuan thu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat nguon gd'c gd hdp phap tang them 0,240 diem.
Bie'n F4 cd he so'iifdng quan chffa dffdc chuan hda la 0,134. Di^u nay cd nghia la, khi lang them 1 diim danh gia ve tuan thii cic quy dinh ve thud', thi chat Iffdng mffc dd tuan Ihu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat nguon gd'c gd hdp phap lang them 0,134 diem.
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
Ke't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cac nhan td' anh hifdng de'n mffc dd tuan Ihu cac quy dinh ve kiem soal ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap nhff sau: Nhan td' F2 (Tuan thii cic quy dinh ve van chuyen budn ban gd) the hidn vai tro anh hffdng ldn nha'l (33,02%) tdi cha'l Iifdng mffc dp tuan Ihu c^c quy dinh ve kiem soat nguon gd'c go hdp phap; Tie'p de'n Nhan Id' F3 (Tuan thii cac quy dinh ve chd' bie'n gd) dong gdp 28,2%; Nhan td' bien Fl (Tuan thu phap luat cd bang chffng xac minh su" tuan thu) ddng gdp 23,03%; va Nhan td' bie'n F4 (Tuan tbu cac quy dinh ve thud') dong gdp 15,75% the hien sff anh hffdng tha'p.
Tff ke't qua nghien cffu, de lang nghe gd dap ffng cac quy dinh ve kiem soal nguon gd'c gd hdp phap, Bac Ninh can thffc hidn mpt sd giai phap sau:
Do'i vdi cdc to chffc doanh nghiip: Cic doanh nghiep vffa va nhd, sieu nho can sff hd ird hua'n luyen tff phia
c5c cd quan ban nganh d^ tid'p_ can thi trffdng mdi dffdc thulln ldi hdn. Dong thdi, can chu dgng tie'p can thi trffdng ve nguon gd'c gd hdp phap, ap dungcdng nghe so va sff dung cdng cu trffe tuye'n khi thffc hien.
Vide trien khai ap dung_cac quy dinh ve kiem soat ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap tff Hiep dinh Dd'i tac Tff nguyen vd Thffc dii LuSt lam nghiep, quan tri rffng va thffdng mai Iam san (VPA/FLEGT) chi nen hii dau khi xay dffng dffdc he tho'ng rd rang hd trd doanh nghiep thao gd khd khan khi thffc hidn.
Dd'i vdi viic qudn ly gd nhdp khdu Can lang cffdng cung cap thdng lin ve vung dia hinh rui ro qua can bo thffdng vu d nffdc ngoai; H 6 sd cung ca'p cho doanh nghidp can chinh xac, dung phap luai; Cd quan kiem lam xac nhan cho ca mdt hdp ddng ehff khdng xac nhan cho tffng Id hang.
Ben canh do, can cd sif phd'i hdp cdng Iff giffa hai quan, kiem lam, va cac cd quan cd tham quyen. C(5 quan tham quyen phai cdng bd' loai chffng tff chffng minh go hdp phap cua ddn vi boac qud'c gia xua'l khau gd.
Dd'i vdi viec cap phep xudt khdu. Viec cap phep Thffc thi Luat lam nghiep, quan tri rffng va thu'dng mai lam san (FLEGT) cho cac doanh nghiep da gdp phSn giup cac doanh nghiep ddng gdp vao phai lri€n cdng nghiep phu ird de hien dai hoa nganh ndng nghiep va phai trien ndng thdn. Tuy nhien, can cap chffng nh|n FLEGT cho cac doanh nghiep theo Id gd, trff dan khd'i Iifdng theo tffng Id hang san xua't, song chi nen cS'p phep FLEGT cho doanh nghiep trong 1 nam.Q
_ TAI LIEILTHAM KHAD _ _ 1. Chinh phu (2006). Nghi dinh sd66/2006/ND-CP, ngdy 07/07/2006 ve phdl triin ngdnh nghi ndng thdn
2. Chinh phu (2010). Nghi dinh sd6l/2010/ND-CP, ngdy 04/06/2010 vi chinh sdch khuyi'n khich doanh nghiip ddu tu vdo ndng nghiep, ndng thdn
3. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien ndng thdn (2012). Thdng tu so 01/2012/Tr-BNNPTNT, ngdy 04/01/2012 quy dinh vi ho sa ldm san hgp phdp vd kiim tra nguon gd'c ldm sdn
4. Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trffdng (2016). Thdng tu so 3I/2016/TT-BTNMT, ngdy 14/10/2016 ve bdo vi mdi trudng cum cdng nghiip, khu kinh doanh, dich vti tap trung ldng nhe vd ca sd sdn xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu. Ha Ndi
5. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn (2018). Bdo cdo du thdo vi he thd'ng bdo ddm gd hgp phdp cda Viit Nam, Ha Ndi
6. Td Xuan Phuc, NguySn Tdn Quyen (2011). Bdo cdo xdc dinh cdc ben Uin quan ELECT, Ha Ndi 7. Nguydn Tdn Quyen, Tran Hffu Nghi (2011). Bdo cdo Nghiin cffu nhffng sdng kiin, kinh nghiim cda Viet Nam ve viec tdng cudng phdt triin sdn xudt vd thuang mgi gd bin vffng han. Ha Ndi
8. Td'ng cue LSm nghiep (2017). Todn vdn Hiep dinh VPA/FLEGT, Ha Ndi
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