DIEN DAN P h a t t r i e n
Van tai hanh khach va hang hoa bang dudng bien ehiem khoang 90% tong lupng van tai toan cau. Chien lupc bien da va dang tao nen nhung budc tien vupt bac ve van tai bien 6 Viet Nam, keo theo nhu cau nguon liic cho Nganh ngay cang tang.
De nang cao chat lupng dao tao nguon luc cho nganh Hang hai Viet Nam trong boi canh toan cau hda nen kinh tethe gidi, xin neu ra mot so phan tich, danh gia ve thj trudng lao dpng hang hai trong nudc va quoc te.
T
rong mang ludi giao thdng van tai da phuong thdc, ngudn nhan lUc van tai biln giOr vj trf dac biet quan trpng, cd vai trd quylt dinh trong giao thuong hang hda va van chuyen hanh khach. Nd khdng chi lien quan den nhu cau doanh nghiep ma edn g i n ket chat che vdi cac djch vu cdng, nhu cdng tac phdng chdng d nhiem, tran dau, cdu hp, tim kiem cdu nan, cdng trinh ndi va bao ve bd biln, hai dao... Chinh vi vay, chinh sach giao due ciia chiing ta can phai bam sat mdt trong hai yeu cau: phuc vu doanh nghiep hay dao tao cho dich vu cdng.Tinh hinh nhan lire hang hai qudete
Su phat trien cua van tai bien thegidi
Nganh Van tai bien the gidi nhung nam cudi the ky XX va dau the ky XXI da cd nhu'ng budc phat trien manh, tfnh dn dinh cao. Theo thdng ke nam 2003, lUpng hang hda va hanh khach van tai bang dudng bien chilm 90% tdng lugng hang hda va hanh khach tren toan cau.
Sd lupng tau ddng mdi va tdng sd tau ciia the gidi cung tang deu dan. Dutfnh den 2010, sd lugng tau tren toan cau se dat tren 52 nghin tau (dpi tau the gidi giai doan 2005 - 2010 trung binh tang trudng khoang 2,5%/nam).
Dflo mo nGuon nHon m
m THI Bicn TROnGKUTHGTOnnCHU
PG5; TS TRAN C A N H VINH Hieu trudng trudng Ogi hoc GTVT TP. Ho Chi Minh
Du bao ngudn nhan luc hang hai qudc te
Su tang trudng ciia dpi tau bien the gidi rat on dinh, lien tuc, do dd ngudn nhan luc phuc vu cho dpi tau nay ddi hdi cung phai dupe phat triln de kip thdi dap dng nhu cau cua cac hang van tai bien. Theo danh gia ciia BIMCO/ISF, din nam 2010, nhu cau thuyen vien cua dpi tau t h i gidi tdi thieu khoang 1,1 trieu ngudi. Nhu cau thuyen vien ciia cac nudc tren the gidi giai doan 2005 - 2010 dUpc phan bd nhusau:
- Khu vuc cac nudc OECD chilm 38%;
- Khu vuc cac nudc Ddng Au ehiem 7%;
- Khu vuc chau Phi - My Latinh chilm 28%);
- Khu vuc Vien Ddng ehiem 2,3%;
- Khu vuc luc dia An Dp chilm 4%.
Nhuvay, cac nudc OECD cd nl u cau thuyen vien Idn nhat, sau dd la cac nudc thudc khu vuc chau Phi, My Latinh. Ngay nay, khoang 80% dpi tau vien duong sudung thuyen bp da qudc tich.
Nguon cung ung thuyen vien tren thegidi
Qudc gia cung cap thuyen vien nhieu nhat hien nay la Philippines.
Hang nam, qudc gia nay cung irng khoang 20% tong sd thuyin vien
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i j p . H a n g h a i V i e t N a m "Tl+2/2009l » 1 d S i » T J 8 l ^ h a t t r i e n
Quy trpng nhan sy. hien tdi Coigiaodiicladau
Chinh sach dung kit tinh bao nguon li/c
GiQgin ky cUdng, d^o dCfc iiynhan dan lam gdc
Dudng l6i hay toa sang ca tuong lai.
L £ V A N T H 0 M
tren toan the gidi. Sau Philippines la Trung Qudc, Nga, An Dp...
T h e o n g h i e n c d u c u a BIMCO/ISF, vao nam 2010, se t h i l u khoang 46 nghin sy quan hang hai, thuy thii cd the thieu den 225 nghin ngUdi. Su thieu hut nay chii yeu tap trung d cac nudc phat t r i l n (32% sy quan va 34% thijy thu), ehii yeu la thi trudng EU, My va cac nudc My Latinh (67% sy quan hang hai va 35%) thiiy thu).
Tinh hinh Viet Nam
Su phat then cua dpi tau va tinh trang thuyen vien Viet Nam
JiS nam 2001 den nay, sd lupng tau bien Viet Nam cd su gia tang dot biln: N I U nhU nam 2 0 0 1 , ca nudc mdi cd hon 600 tau vdi tdng trpng tai khoang 1,8 trieu DWT thi d i n thang 8/2007, con sd nay da tren 1.200 tau vdi trpng tai vUpt ngUdng 4 trieu DWT. Va vay la, vdi dpi tau hien cd, Viet Nam e i n 25 nghin thuyen vien de phue vu (chua ke phai cd tdi thieu khoang 7 nghin t h u y i n vien dU tru').
Mat khac, hien dang ';d hon 300 tau biln (theo thdng kr cua Cue Dang kilm Viet Nam) dang dUpc ddng mdi trong nudc va ban giao trong nam 2008. Nhu vay, con sd tren se phai cdng them khoang 6 nghin t h u y i n vien nCra, dd la chua tfnh den tren 2 nghin t h u y i n vien dang phuc vu tren 100 tau mang cd thuan tien.
Nhin Chung, t h u y i n vien Viet Nam ben canh nhdng d i l m manh thi han c h i cd ban n h i t la tieng Anh, tac phong cdng nghiep va sdc khde. Day la nguyen nhan k h l l n t h u y i n vien Viet Nam dang phai c h i p nhpn mde lupng t h i p hon so vdi thuyen vien
cac nudc khae d eiing mdt chirc danh.
Nhij'ng nam gan day xuat hien hien tupng dich c h u y i n ciia t h u y i n vien giua cae dPn vi quan ly, thuyen vien khdng ed tu tudng lam viee lau dai vdi mdt chii tau nhat djnh, hoae rdi bd nghe de tim nhOng cdng viee phii hpp vdi mire thu nhap khdng phai la thap d t r e n b d .
Hien ca nude cd 9 cdng ty eung cap thuyen vien, da xuat khau tren 3 nghin thuyen vien trong nam 2006, thu ve hpn 40 trieu ddia {Nguon:
Hudng nghiep Viet Nam). Nhu vay, cd the ndi, budc dau ITnh vue xuat khau thuyen vien da dat dupe nhu'ng ket qua kha quan. Chiing ta can coi day la mot phan ciia Chien lupc bien nham ehiem ITnh thi trudng lao ddng qudcta.
Tuy nhien, Viet Nam chua cd he thd'ig phap ly day dii va chat ehe nham bao ve quyen lpi eho thuyen vien: Hau het thuyen vien Viet Nam lam viec tren cac tau treo "ed thuan tien" vdi nhung dieu kien lam viee, phiic Ipi xa hdi va mire lUPng thap hon tieu ehuan dupe Lien doan Cdng nhan van tai qudete (ITF) quy dinh.
Ngudn luc cho dich vu cdng Viet Nam hien dang nam trong danh Sach 10 nudc ed mue dp tan pha mdi trudng cao nhat. Nhu cau ngudn nhan luc phue vu eho dich vu cdng v l phdng chdng d nhiem ciia mdi trudng nudc, tran dau, rac thai, tim k i l m , cdu hp, cdu nan, bao ve bd b i l n , hai dao,... dang la thach thdc Idn ddi vdi cac Nha hoach dinh chinh sach. Bai toan dao tao ngudn nhan lue dang dat ra eho ea Nha nude - nha trudng - nha doanh nghiep.
Nhan luc cho Unh vUc logistics Vdi vj tri dja ly thuan Ipi ciing su tang trudng dn dinh, dan sd tre, Viet
Nam cd tiem nang rat Idn trd thanh trung tam logistics trpng yeu trong mang ludi van tai da phupng thire toan cau.
Logistics thuc sU la ITnh vue can thiet ddi vdi nen kinh te dang phat trien nhanh nhu Viet Nam. Phat trien he thdng dao tao logistics dang la van de cap thiet dupe dat ra eho eae CP sd dao tao. Chat lupng dich vu logistics eang tdt thi cang thu hiit nhieu su chpn lua ciia khaeh hang.
The nhung, kha nang giang day ve logistics tai cae cP sd dao tao hien nay edn thap, hay ndi diing hon, chiing ta chua cd mot chuyen nganh giang day kien thire ve logistics.
Hien trang cac co sd dao tao, huan luyen
Ca nudc hien cd 5 cP sd dao tao, huan luyen thuyen vien: Trudng Dai hpc Hang hai, Oai hpc GTVT TP. Hd Chf Minh, Cao dang Hang hai 1, Cao dang nghe hang hai TP. Hd Chf Minh, trudng Cao dang nghe bach nghe Hai Phdng (khdng ke 2 trudng dudng sdng dao tao van tai thiiy ndi dja). Cac trudng nay dao tao da nganh ve ngudn luc eho kinh te bien va giao thdng, tu van tai, hang hai, den edng nghiep ddng tau, khai thae eang sdng bien va hau het cae djeh vu cdng tren bien... Ngoai ra, nhieu khda dao tao, huan luyen theo tieu ehuan eua Cdng udc 3TCW 78/95 dupe td chuc theo quy M djnh ciia Bd trudng Bd GTVT. Rieng tdnam 2004 den cudi nam 2007, sd thuyen vien dupe dao tao, huan luyen va cap chirng ehi tai cac trung tam nay da len tdi g i n 50 nghin ngudi. Khd khan Idn nhat eiia he thdng eae trudng dao tao, huan luyen hien nay la tau thue tap, CO sd vat chat va thiet bj thf nghiem.
Mot s d kien nghj va giai phap
Theo thdng kS. hi$n Vi$t Nam cd: 2.919 sy quan quin ly boong, 2.919 s9 quan quin ly miy 1.262 sy quan boong. 1.262 syquan miy cic chCic danh thff miy. thiSy thiJ li 1.803 ngudi (tinh din Otdi diSm diu nSm 2007 - ngudn CvcHinghiiVi$tNam).
Tdpch, HanghaiVietNam • Tl +2/2009 - 4 5
laifllJMSI P h a t t r i e n
De phat trien mang ludi cac trudng dao tao phuc vu Chien lupc bien VN den 2020 hieu qua, can tap trung giai quyet nhung van de sau:
- Khdng nen dau tU dan trai, chdng cheo, trai nganh nghe. Kinh nghiem cua cac nudc phat trien cho thay, viec thanh lap cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang true thupe cac tap doan kinh te la khdng hieu qua.
- Cac doanh nghiep, tap doan kinh te cd the dau tUtruc tiep vao cac trudng hien hOu va cd t h i tham gia hoach djnh chien lupc dao tao ciia cac trudng dap dng vdi nhu cau nhan luc cua doanh nghiep.
- Nha nudc can dau tu cho viec dao tao ngudn nhan luc mui nhpn nay nham ehiem ITnh thi trudng lao ddng qudc te, ddng thdi phuc vu cho cac dich vu cdng hieu qua de bao ve mdi trudng va tai nguyen bien.
- Cac doanh nghiep can dau tu vao giao due dao tao hpp ly, dac biet nganh kinh te bien. Hien nay, doanh
nghiep Viet Nam sU dung ngudn luc do Nha nude va nhan dan dau tU, trong khi dd, thdng le qudc te, cac doanh nghiep khi ky thda udc lao dpng tap the (CBA) phai tra phf huan luyen (training fee) cho cac cd sd dao tao. Tham chf, do thieu ngudn luc ky thuat cao, cac tap doan qudc te da va dang dau tu true tiep cho sinh vien. Nha nudc nen cd chfnh sach cho doanh nghiep hach toan trudc thue khoan chi phf gianh cho dao tao.
- Nha nudc cung can xay dung he thdng phap ly de bao ve quyen Ipi hpp phap va dieu tiet cac hoat dpng ciia thuyen vien Viet Nam khi hp lam viec tren phuong tien treo cd ciia bat cd qude gia nao. O cac nude phat trien, deu cd cac nghiep doan thiiy thu nham de ra nhu'ng dieu kien lam viec tieu ehuan cho thuyen vien.
- Dac biet, chiing ta can md rdng hpp tae va tien tdi viec cdng nhan bang cap eiia nhau giOa Viet Nam va
cac nudc. Trong Hiep djnh Hang hai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky nen cd dieu
khoan cap Visa (CI D) cho sinh vien, thuyen vien Viet Nam tren tau treo cd Viet Nam hay/hoac phUdng tien mot nudc khac ra vao cac cang Hoa Ky ed thdi han nhu ddi vdi thuyen vien Trung Qudc, Philippines...
- ChUPng trinh dao tao cin nhanh chdng ddi sang he tfn chi va can dupe xay dung sao cho cd sU Ifen thdng giOa cac trudng dai hpc, giura daf hpc vdi cao dang va trung cap nghe...
- Nha nude can cd cP ehe tap trung sdc manh cung nhu chia se ngudn luc giQa cac trudng nhu viec khai thae cac loai md phdng, tau huan luyen, thuvien, giang vien...
- Nha nudc can quan tam diing mde den viec cai each tien luPng cho dpi ngu giang vien, dac biet vdi cae trudng dai hpc cdng, nhim thu hiit nhan tai ddng gdp vao su nghiep
"trdng ngudi hang hai" •
Gang Hai Phdng t6 chufc Hpi thi
"PhiTdng tien, xe may sach dep, an toan, tidt kiem, nang sudt cao" nam 2008
Sau hPn mdt thang trien khai tai cac chi nhanh, ngay 25/12, Gang Hai Phdng td chirc tdng ket Hdi thi "Phuong tien, xe may saeh dep, an toan, tiet kiem, nang suat eao" nam 2008.
Ndi dung Hdi thi nam nay dupe Gang doi mdi v l ndi dung va hinh thdc, nhIm lua chpn, tim ra nhufng tap the va ca nhan xuat sac nhat d l trao giai thudng "Cdng nhan van hanh, dilu khiln phUPng tien, thiet bi gidi" vdi cae nhdm phUPng tien: can true Chan d l TUKAL, can true chan d l KIROP, xe dtd va diu keo sdmi rp-mode, tram dien, ein true banh Idp (QC va RTG), nang hang Forklift, nang hang Reach Stacker.
Thi sinh dat tdng sd dilm ly thuyet va thue hanh td 35 dilm trd len dupe danh gia la "Cdng nhan van hanh, dieu khien phUdng tien thiet bi gidi".
Kit thiie Hdi thi, giai Nhat toan doan thudc v l Xi nghiep Xep dd Hoang Dieu; Xi nghiep Xep dP Chiia Ve dat giai Nhi va Xf nhiep Xep dd va Van tai thiiy dat giai Ba.
HONG HAI 4 6 - T^pchi HanghaiVietNam •Tl+2/200|
Nam 2008, Cong ty TNHH mot thanh vien Cang Sai Gdn (CSG) da phat huy 38 sang kiln ap dung tren cac ITnh vifc cai tiln ky thuat, quy trinh cong nghe xIp da, ve sinh cong nghiep, xay dung, cP khi, tilt kiem nang lupng, tang hieu qua kinh doanh, khai thae, hpp ly hda td chirc, san xult... v6i tong s6 tiln lam Ipi gan 52 ty ddng.
Ngoai hang chuc sang kiln cai tiln ky thuat, hdp ly hda san xuit cip cac don vj thanh v|en, kd tif nam 2008, Cong doan CSG con to chirc thuc hien chuomg trinh hd trp y tudng mdi, y tudng sang tao trong CNVC-LD toan Cang, nham gdp phan thiic day phong trao phat huy sang kiln phat triln diu khip ca dien rpng lin chilu sau.
Kit qua nay da lam tang san lupng hang hda thdng qua CSG len mifc tren 13,2 trieu tin nam 2008, tang 7,6% so vdi ke hoach va mifc thuc hien ciing ky nam 2007, mang v l tdng doanh thu 1.098 ty ddng, vifpt 8,7% kl hoach va tang hon nam trudc 62,67% - la mifc doanh thu cao nhit tir trudc din nay.
L6TRi
