DIEN BAN KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
M O T s d V A N O E V E K E T C A U C U A O E G I A M S O N G V E N B ^
S O M E PROBLEMS RECSARDING THE STRUCTURES OF COASTAL BREAKWATERS
T S . OAO VAN H U N G -Trudng Dai hoc Thuy L(3i Email: [email protected]
•»;.!S'*.«i.®a
Tom tit: Do inh hi/dng cua biin (foi khf hSu, niA3c bi€n ttSng, tii$n lii^ng x6\ Id, biln lln dd v^ (fang xSy ra manh me vd vo cDng phiiTc tap. Vi vSy c i n c6 cdc gidi phdp k i t clu cdng trinh hdp ly de phdng, chdng xdi Id, ngdn chdn hi^n tiling biep.:':
i ^ . Kit c l u cdng tilnh cOa tf@ gidm s6ng ven bd dnh hudng true tlip i!en kinh phi ddu tu vd higu qud k^ thu^t, tfnh 6\\^<A ciJa cdng trinh. HiSn nay, d nUdc ta dang trong qua trinh (itig dung M nghi$m cdc lo^i cdng trinh d€ gidm s6ng, d d ^ M dUdc mot s6 kinh nghigm qu^ bdu. Bdi viit ndy i:nem qua mdt sd v i n d i ton tai v i kit clu cdng trinh d€ gidm sdng dang iJng dung d nudc ta vd d i xuit iJng dung loai ket cdu mdi hinh bdn nguygt. . ,;,-
W kh6a: 06 g/5m s6ng, de bSin nguyet, kk cku cong trinh, xdi Id. Vi$t Nam. ^-•' Mstract: Due lo ttie impacts of climate change and sea level rise, coastal erosion and sea encroachment have been
seriously occurring with an extremely complicated manner. Therefore, It is necessary to have reasonable structural solutions to solve these phenomena. The structure of coastal breakwater directly affects the investment cost, technical efficiency and structural stability of the work. Currently, the application of various types of coastal breakwaters in Vietnam Is in the process of being tested; and much valuable experience has been gained. This article seeks to summarize some of the existing struc- tural problems with the coastal breakwaters being applied in Vietnam and propose the application of the new semi-circular structure.
Keywords: breakwater, semi-circular breakwater, structure, erosion, Vietnam.
1 . 0 A T V A N D E
Hien tddng xoi Id, bien lan thuc so la Idc can Idn doi vdi t i l n trinh xay dong va phat t r i l n d i t nudc. NhOng ton t h i t v l con ngddi va vat c h i t do xdi Id bd b i l n xay ra trong thap nien vita qua la h i t sdc nang n l . Da cd nhilu cong trinh de giam song ven bd ddoc xay dung nham c h i n g xoi Id b d bien de dam bao an toan cupc sing va phat trien xa hpi.
Nghi&n cdu doa tren tong hop tai lieu, phan tich chpn Ipc, cd tinh k l thda k i t qua cua cac cong trinh n^hi§n cud trong nddc va tren the gidi, t d d o c6 nhung d§ xuat cai tien cac cdng trinh da co va trinh bay phLfong phap tfnh toan mdi de giam song hinh ban nguyet de phu hop vdi tdng vung mien, dap dng muc tieu va yeu c l u khai thac, s d d u n g .
2. PHAN TICH HIEN TRANG DE GIAM SONG 2.1. Cac loai hinh ket cau de g i a m s o n g d a n g i^ng d u n g
De giam song ven bd (Detached Breakwater), v i l t t i t la DGS, la cong trinh bao ve de bien, bd bien. DGS hien dang trong giai doan nghien cdu, xay dung thd nghiem 6 node ta, mot so du an da xay dung nhu:
b l n g k h l i tetrapod d Cat Hai, Hai Phong, da do phCi khli tetrapod d Hai Hau, Nam Dinh; geotube d Cda Oai, Hpi An va Nha Mat, Bac Lieu; b l n g coc tram hoac b l n g 2 hang coc BTCT kep gida la cac bo cd tram, d Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Ca Mau, Kien Giang; bang hang rao coc tre GIZ d Sdc Trang; tuong ddng bang 2 hang coc BTCT ly tam, gida l i p da hoc d Ca Mau,.., (mot
s i hinh anh cong trinh tiSu bleu hinh 1):
2.2. Hieu qua va cac v i n d l t d n tai Cac cong trinh DGS da xay ddng da gop p h l n dang k l trong c h I n g sat Id b d b i l n , ro r^ng n h l t 1^ tai cac tinh m i l n Tay Nam Bg nhu Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Ca Mau, Kien Giang. Tuy vay, qua khai thac, s d dung cac cong trinh DGS bpc 16 mot s i t i n tai sau:
- T i n tai Idn n h l t la cac DGS b l n g geotube nhanh chdng bj h d hong (khoang 1^2 nam) do rach vo I n g , do lun sut... vi vay khong phat huy duoc hi§u qua.
- Mot s6 doan de c d tram, rao tre d vijng bien h d da bi song pha huy, chi cd tac dung t i t d vung b d lorn va p h i i hop vcri cac giai phap h i tro khac, n h u b l tri them tddng ngan thanh hinh c h d T, trdng cay ngap nddc...
- Cac de s d dung coc BTCT loi bo c d tram hieu qua giam song khong cao vl c h i l u rpng de hep, khdng cd gia c l chong xoi chan de nen d l bj xoi gay lun sut...
- Cac loai de 2 hang coc BTCT tron, loi da hoc do khong chia doan ngat quang nen can cd giai phap nuoi bai phu tro.
2.3. Mot sd de xuat cai tien ket cau dang s\jt d u n g hien nay
^ - Tat ca cac loai de deu can chia doan ngat quang de trao doi bun cat trong va ngoai de;
- C i n CO iang the da do hay k h l i be tong c h I n g xoi chan de phia ngoai;
- D l i vdi de geotube, c i n duoc dat tren lop dem c h I n g lun, dang be chim canh cay hay I n g cat nho.
N G U d l XAY D U N G SO T H A N G 3 & 4 • 2 0 1 7
MOT S 6 VAN B E V # "^gT CAU-..
DGS bing hhng rao coc tre GIZ d Sdc Trang Hinh 1 . Hinh anh mdt sd ket cku \
De chIng rach bao cat, cd the xem xet Idp phu bao ve trum len ngoai ong cat. Ldp phu cd the la tham da, tham be tong tui khudn.
3. PHUONG PHAP TINH TOAN KET CAU M O I , DE GIAM SONG HINH BAN NGUYET
Hien nay, viec sd dung cac c l u kien due san de xay dLAig DGS dang duoc quan tam vi tinh don gian va hieu qua cua nd'^' ^'\ 0 Viet Nam, n h i l u ngucri dang nghien cdu sd dung cac k h l i c l u kien cua BUSADCO vao xay dung DGS. Trong bai nay gidi thieu mot ioai c l u kien khac ma mot so nha khoa hoc d V i e n Khoa hpc Thuy loi da va dang nghien cdu dng dung, do la c l u kien be tdng c6t thep hinh ban nguyet.
3.1. De giam song k i t c l u hinh ban nguyet DGS CO k i t c l u mat cat ngang hinh ban nguyet (goi t i t la de ban nguyet) x u l t hien d I u tien d Nhat B a n , s a u d u o c T r u n g Q u 6 c d n g d u n g v a cai t i l n n h i l u Day la mot loai k i t c l u nhe, tinh nang chiu lUc t i t , dang k i t cau don gian, thi cong d l dang, sau khi l i p dgt la CO the tuthan on dinh, cac cong doan t i l p theo rat It, rat thich hpp d l dng dung cho cac vung bien h i l m vat lieu da, co nen d i t y l u day nhu d vung bien Nam Bo nudc ta. Cac trinh bay sau day la mot s6 chi d i n trich d i n td quy pham v l thilt k l de c h i n sdng cua Trung Quoc' ~\
3.2. c l u tao de ban nguyet 3.2.1. Than de
Than de ban nguyet duoc tao thanh bdi cac c l u kien BTCT hinh ban nguyet nhu hinh 2 t h i hien Day c l u kien hinh ban nguyet duoc dat tren be da do, vj tri
BGS tudng dUng 2 hkng coc BTCT ly tam. gida lap d^ hoc 8 Ca IVIau.
e giam sdng da dng dung tai VIBt Nam
tam hinh tron co the dat tai mat dinh ban day hoac g i n mat day ban day cung co the cao hon mat dinh ban day. Hai ben ban day cd the md rong ra thanh c6ng-x6n. Chan de phfa bien can tang cudng da hoc gia CO day.
i^-r^-^
Hinh 2: Hinh dang mat cat ngang de ban nguyet a) Cau kien ban nguyet vdi he mong am. b) Chu kien ban nguyet
vdi be mong duang 3.2.2. ciu tao cua 0GS ban nguyet (1) Da do Idp dem day c l u kien nen lay loai da hoc t d I O -- 100kg, dp day khong nho hon I m ,
(2) Ban day cua k h l i b a n nguyet nen b l tri cac 16 giam ap theo phi/ong t h i n g ddng, tren mai vom phfa bien nen b l trf cac 16 thoat khi.
(3) C h i l u dai cac doan c l u kien ban nguyet dUOC xac djnh bdi nang li/c cua t h i l l b; cau l i p . Ty ie guja
N G U d l XAY D U N G SO T H A N G 3 & 4 • 2 0 1 7
PHUCHUNG •
M O T S O V A N P E V E K E T C A U — c h i l u dai va c h i l u cao ciJa k h l i ban nguyet khong n&n
nhd hon 0,5.
(4) C h i l u d^y vach thanh vom cDa c l u ki#n bkn nguyet khong ndn nho hon 300mm, c h i l u d^y cua ban 6ky ndn Idn hon c h i l u 6ky cua vdch v6m.
(5) Trudng hpp vj trf cua tam dudng tron cua cac c l u ki0n ban nguyet dat tai phfa tren mat ban day, khoang c^ch t d tam cho d i n mat dudi cua ban day khdng duoc Idn hon 1/3 c h i l u cao cCia khdi ban nguyet.
(6) C h i l u rdng ciia khe t h i n g ddng giO^ ckc c l u kien b^n nguyet cd t h i lay b l n g 40--50mm.
(7) Doan d I u de c i n tao s d n i l t i l p thuan loi vdi k h l i ban nguyet.
3.3.Ti'nh t o a n ap lire s o n g 1@n de bdn nguyet 3.3.1. Tn/dng horp cao trinh dfnh BGS cao hen mifc nifdc thiSt kS
a) Tfnh toin cudng dd ap luc sdng
D I U tien coi de ban nguyet nhd de tudng ddng cd cCing dd cao, ciJng dp sau nddc de tinh dp luc sdng, sau dd xem xet cac h§ s i hi6u chinh 6$ c h u y i n d l i sang de bkn nguyet.
- Trudng hdp dfnh song cham tddng, bieu d l phan b l ^p iLfc sdng tren de tddng ddng t h i hien tr§n hinh 3, trong do cudng do ap luc sdng tai mdc nudc tfnh to^n va cudng dp ap luc sdng tai day tudng ddOc tfnh toan cu the nhd sau:
11 = 1,5H; p, = a,YH; Pb = Pu = abPsi
a =0,6 + -
d ,2nd
(1)
A
. + - i V - \i
: T
1 1 \ \ t->\
s
Hinti 3. f^p lUc song tren cau kien ban nguyet a. Ap iuc song tren ti/dng difng. b. Ap luc sdng sau khi hieu chinh w
tn: c Ap iUc song sau khi hieu chinh gdc do - CuOng dp ap luc song khi dinh song tac dung len mat de ban nguyet, duoc hieu chinh vi tn' theo cac cong thdc sau:
ri =rj;p, = P.Mh "
.ITTM
Cudng do ap luc sdng khi dinh song t ^ dyng len ckc diem tren mat de bkn nguy§t, phuong cOa nd vuong goc vdi mat de, duoc tinh toan hi$u chtnh v l gdc do nhd sau:
p(e} = p{z}'cose (3) trong dd dai Iddng trong cac cong thdc la:
•x\: C h i l u cao tren muc nudc tinh to^n, (m);
H: C h i l u cao sdng t h i l t k l , (m);
p^: Cudng do ap luc sdng tai m i ^ nudc tfnh t o ^ n , (kPa);
Pt,: Cudng do ap luc sdng tai mat 6ky tudng dung, (kPa);
p^: Cudng do ^p luc day n i l cua sdng tai mat day phfa bien cOa tudng ddng, (kPa);
ttg, au: He s i tfnh to^n d: 0 6 sau trddc de, (m);
L: C h i l u d^i sdng t h i l t k l , (m);
d.^: D6 sau tren b6 de, (m);
Tl': Do cao tren muc nudc t h i l t k l cua d i l m 0 tren bieu d l ap luc sdng, (m);
p'j,: Cudng do ap luc sdng tai muc nddc tfnh todn trgn de, (kPa);
p\: Cudng dp ap luc song tai mat day c l u kien b^n nguyet, (kPa);
Xp. He s i sda chda vj tri;
AI: Khoang each n l m ngang gida diem p g va p ^ tren de ban nguyet, (m);
9: Gdc tam cua diem tac dung sdng, (^);
p(e): Cudng dp ap Idc sdng tren mat de sau khi hieu chinh gdc do (kPa), tdc la cudng d6 ap luc sdng tren de ban nguyet;
pz': Cudng do ap luc sdng tai diem Z sau khi hi6u chinh vi trf, Z la dp cao t h i n g ddng tinh t d mat day cua cau kien ban nguyet, t d noi suy p'^ va p'o de tim ra.
b) Tong ap li/c sdng
Tong ap Idc sdng theo phuong ngang va theo phudng thang ddng cd the tim duoc bang each phan giai cudng dp ap luc sdng cua cac diem tren de ban nguyet theo phuong nam ngang va phuong thang ddng.
c) Ap liJC diy noi cua sdng
Khi ty le gida tong dien tich 16 giam ap tren ban day va dien tich ban day cua c l u kien ban nguyet nho hon 10%, cudng d6 ap luc day noi cua song tac dung len ban day va tong ap lire day noi cua sdng tac dung len ban day cua c l u kien ban nguyet cd the dUdc tfnh toan theo cong thdc (4), Khi ty le md 16 giam ap tren ban day b l n g hoac Idn hon 10%, cudng dp ap luc day noi len ban day cua sdng cd the bo qua. Ta cd:
p.=ih;.P„
P..B (4)PHUaHIINn
trong do: p',; Ap luc day noi cua song len bien ngoai cua day cau kien ban nguyet, (kPa),
pV: Ap luc day noi cua song tac dung ien day cua (2) c l u kien ban nguyet. (kPa);
B Chieu rong day cua cau kien ban nguyet, (m).
3.3.2. Trwdng hap cao trinh dinh cua de bang I N G U 6 1 XAY D U N G S 6 T H A N G 3 & 4 - 2 0 1 7 Q
M O T S O V A N O E V ^ K ^ C A U . . j j ^
ho$c thip han mt/c nifdc tfnh toan
v a i ty IS qiOa ban kinh ngo4i cua c l u WSn bSn nguySt vcri chieu d i i song i<hong idm hon 0,08S, iglo t4c dung cUa s6ng i<hi dinh song ch?m tuCing cd the xSc dinh theo c4c quy djnh sau:
(1) CuSng do Sp iuc sdng tinh toan cOa de tuCmg d f t i g theo c4c cong thite (1) sau do t i l n hanh hieu chinh v ^ vj tri v i gdc do theo c i c budte sau:
- Cudng d6 ap iuc sdng tren mat de b i n nguyet i<hi dinh sdng cham t i ^ g duoc tfnh toan theo c i c cong thuc sau:
Pi^^pPt.^p =<:os 2roU (5) - Cudng do ap luc sdng l^n cac diem tren mat de ban nguyet khi dinh sdng cham tudng cd phuong vuong gdc vdi mat de duoc tfnh toan hi§u chinh gdc dd theo cdng thuc (3).
(2) Tonp dp luc sdng theo phuong ngang va theo phuong thang dung cd the tim duoc b l n g each phan giai cudng do ap lyc sdng cua cdc diem tren d§ ban nguydt theo phuong n l m ngang va phuong t h i n g dung.
(3) Khi ty le m d 16 giSm ap tr§n ban day cua c l u kien bdn nguyet b l n g hoac Idn hon 10% thi cudng d6 ap luc day noi ciJa sdng tren ban day cd the bd qua khdng tinh, cudng dp ap luc sdng tac dung len mat trong cua vom ban nguyet duoc tfnh b l n g :
-Pi.
' 1 (6)
trong dd: PQ Cudng d6 ap luc sdng tac dung len mat trong ciJa vom ban nguyet, (kPa);
_ p\ Cudng dp ap lyc sdng tac dung len mat day cua c l u kien ban nguyet, (kPa).
3.4. Noi d u n g tfnh t o a n , t h i l t k l de ban nguyet 3,4. t. Tfnh toan on djnh chdng trwgrt doc theo mat day cua ciu kien
De tinh toan on djnh chIng truot dpc theo mat day cua c l u kien, ap dung c6ng thdc:
nP>,-rvP,f<rcG-KPJ + rEn <^)
^ 3.4.2. Tfnh on dinh chdng tru'ot theo mat day cua nen de
a. Ddi va de be mong duong (hinh 4).
on dinh c h I n g truot theo mat truot ABC duoc tfnh toan nhu sau:
ypPH~rvPvf^yG{G + s^)-y.PJ (8)
b. Tfnh 8n dinh chdng tnjpt dgc theo m$t trutyt ABDE cda de mong Sm (hinh 5)
rpPH-rvPvf^ya(G+g2)-
-YuPuf + YEE,
(9)Hinh 5. Sd dt mSt trUdt cua BGS c6 b$ mdng Sm
"jf nghTa ciJa cac ky hieu trong ckc cdng thdc tren nhu sau:
YP- TVI YU- He s i th^nh p h l n ap luc sdng theo phudng ngang, phUdng t h i n g ddng va Idc day ndi cua sdng, tfnh toan theo cdc trj s6 trong bkng 1;
YG: He s6 thanh p h l n t d trpng, lay bang 1,0;
YE: He s6 ihanh p h l n ap luc d i t , l l y b l n g 1,0;
Y^: H§ s6 k i t c l u , l l y bang 1,35;
PH.PV'PU: Thanh phan ap luc sdng theo phuong ngang, phudng thang ddng va ap luc day noi cua sdng;
f' He s i ma sat theo mat tfnh toan;
G: Trong luc cua c l u kien ban nguyet;
Eb: ap luc d i t bj dong cua vai be, (kN), khi do day cua be da nho hon 1 m cd t h i khdng ti'nh luc nay;
g,: Trong ludng p h l n 6[Jdi ni^dc cua be day ABCD h i n h 4 , (kN);
g^: Trong luong p h l n dddi nudc cua be day ABDK hinh 5, (kN);
MpH: M6 men lat tai chan sau de do tn sd ap luc sdng theo phuong ngang khi dinh sdng cham tudng gay ra, (kN.m);
M^: Md men lat tai chan sau de do IIJC day noi gay ra, (kN.m);
Mpv: M6 men lat tai chan sau de do ap luc sdng theo phuong thang ddng khi dinh sdng cham tudng gay ra, (kN.m);
Mg: M6 men on djnh lai mat t h i l t k l chan sau cua de do trong Idc cua khdi ban nguyet khi dinh sdng cham tudng gay ra, (kN.m).
Bang 1 . He sd cac thanh phin ap ItJC sdng
To hdp
Lau dai
Tam thfli Loai on
dinh
Cfi6ng tri/Ot Ctiong lat Cfiong trirot Chong lat
He s6 thanh ph^n phirdng ngang cua ap li/c sdng
1,25 1,25 1,2 1,2
He s6 thanh p h i n phi/dng duVig cua ^p lire sdng
— l ! ^ _ i
1.25 1,2 1,2
Hesa Ihknh p h l n tia'y ndi cua sdng
1,25 1,25 1.2 1,2 Hinli 4 s o ffi mai trum tBGSm be mong Mang
fl N G U O i XAY D U N G SO T H A N G 3 & 4 . 2 0 1 7
fXem utp trang 45)
T R U Y I N TBUC LEN TANG CAO TRONG XAY Dl/Nfi NHA SIEU CAO T A N G . . . xdy dyng nhd n h i l u t i n g t ^ i dua vao may c h i l u ddng
thidn dinh, khi l y ta da mac nhien thite nhsm diem duoc t r u y l n len tdng cao la d i l m gdc vdf sai s6 b l n g sai so ly t h u y l t cua mdy c h i l u ddng thi&n dinh, chang han Id:
m = ± ^ (25) 40.000
NghTa la, trong t r u y l n true len tdng cao b l n g may chilu ddng thien dinh thi eang len cao do ehi'nh xac cua cac diem true cang gidm, de khac phuc nhudc diem nay ngudi ta dp dung phuwig phap t r u y l n true len eao theo tdng phan doan.
Truyen true ien ting cao bang may chiSu ddng thien dfnh cin phai cd cac Id thdng ting, do dac don gian, nhanh chdng, re tiSn, cang len cao thi do chfnh xac cang giam.
3. Gid ddy, t r u y l n true len tdng cao trong xay dimg nhd sieu cao tdng bang may djnh vj toan c l u GPS theo phucffig phap bd tri diem gtdn t i l p g i n dung d i n se dat duoc dp chfnh xdc d tren cac t i n g cao khac nhau h l u n h u la khdng doi, g i n dung cd the coi nhu g i n bdng do chfnh xac xac djnh diem ciJa may do GPS, do dd phuong phdp ndy duoc dp dung khi xay nhd sieu cao tdng.
Truyin true len ting cao bang may dinh vj toan
du GPS khdng cin phSi cd cdc Id thdng ting, do dac phdc tap, ton th& gian. dat tiin, dd chfnh xdc dat dupc dcac tang cao khic nhau deu khdng doi.U
TAI UEU THAM KHAO:
1. G P Leptmc. Giio trinh Trac dia cdng trinh. NXB "Nhedra".
Matscdva, 1970.
2. N. N. Lebedev: GiSo trinh Trie dja cdng trinh NXB "Nhedra".
Matec(Jva, 1970
3. CtiiJ bien V. 0 . Bon-sa-cflp, G. R Lep-truc: S6 tay cOa ngm 1^
sdtric dia. NXB "Nhedra". Matscctva, 1966.
4. Chu bien V. 0 . B6n-sa-c6p, G. R Lep-truc: Sd tay trie dia cdng trinh NXB "Nhedra". Matscdva, 1980.
5. Le Van Himg (d|ch). "S6 tay dinh vi toan cku GPS". NXB Khoa hoc v ^ K y thuat. Ha Ngi, 1990.
6. Bao c^o khoa hoc xay ddng hi guy chiSu v^ he thdng diim toa dd guoc gia. Tong cue Dia chinh. Ha Ngi, 2000.
7. PGS. TS, Pham Van Chuyfin. Bo dac xay ddng cdng trinh Nh^
x u i t b^n Xay di/ng. Ha noi 2014.
5. OuySt dinh ciJa thii tddng chfnh phu sOdung hd qui chiiu v^
he toa dd quoc gia Viet Nam. n g l y 12 thang 7 nam 2000. Q u y ^ dinh so 83/2000/QD/TTg
9. Thdng tU hudng din ap dung hi qui chiiu va hi toa dd quoc gia VN-2Q00 cua Tdng cue Dia chinh, ngay 20 thang 6 nam 2001. s6 973l200HTTQ-rCBC
M O T S O V A N O E V E K i r c A u C U A
D E G I A M S O N G . . .
(Tiip theo trang 42)
3.4.3. On dinh chdng lat cua de ban nguyet dwoc tfnh theo cdng thu'c
rp^rii + n ^ „ -Yi^Pi ^—Ya^o (10) Yd
3.4.4. SiFc chju tai cua dat nen, tfnh on djnh tong the va tfnh toan lun cua dat nSn
Tuan theo cae tieu chuan hien hanh cua co hoe d l i va n I n mong, tinh toan tinh 6n dinh tong t h i c i n dua vao tac dung eua ap lyc song
4. KET LUAN
1) Viec dng dung he t h i n g DGS de c h I n g sat Id bd, ton tao bai la djnh hudng dung, phu hc^ vdi xu t h i Chung tren The gidi.
2) Xay dung DGS d nuoc ta eon trong qua trinh thd nghiem, nen con nhieu ton tai. han ehe, can co nhdng nghien cdu sau hon de xay cong trinh thich hop vdi
tdng vung mien, dam bao an ninh xa hoi va phat trien kinh t l .
3) Viec tim kiem cac loai ket cau de cd tinh mem, vat lieu t o nhien gia thanh t h l p , thi cdng ddn gian la dinh hudng tdt, can khuyen khfch, nhan rpng nhung can nghien edu de eai tien nham tang cUdng tfnh on dinh, hieu qua lau dai.
4) Mot so nghien cdu dang di theo hudng dng dung cac khdi x I p BUSADCO, c l u kien ban nguyet la dung dan, can phat huy, nhu de giam sdng ket cau ban nguyet la mdt giai phap thich hop, cd kha nang dem lai hieu qua kinh t l cao, dam bao tinh on djnh lau dai, de thi cdng. Nhung can cd them nhdng nghien cdu ly thuylt va thi> nghiem de thfch dng vdi cac d i l u kien t u nhien cac viing mien d nddc ta •
TA! LIEU THAM KHAO:
1, Nhi^u tac gia, (2014), Cac bao cao tai Hpi thao;"G/a; phap ky thuat chong XOI Id be} bien trong dieu kien BBKH"B5cL[eu. 1-7-2014 2 Thorsten Albers, (2012). Xay dUng hang rao tre, Hdp tac giiJa To ctiifc GIZ (CHLB DiTc) va UBND tirh Soc Trang
3 Loveless J H anb MacLeod B (1999) "The Design and Pelormanc of Submerged Detached Breakwater" Journal of Water Energie and Maritime, ICE
4 JTS 154-1-2011, Code of Design and Construction at Breakwaters. Bei|ing
5 Vien thiet ke cong trinh dUOng thuy Bo Giao Thong Trung Quoc 12004) So tay thiet Me cdng innh cang bien NXB Giao thong Nhan Dan (Tieng Trung Ou6c)
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