THl/C TIEN PHAP LUAT
HOAN THIiN PHAP IUAT St H i IRI i IRONG BOI GANH VliT NAM DAY MANH HDI NHAP KINH TIOUOGTIVA THAM GIA
CAG HIIP DINH T H M MAI TUDO THi Hi M0I
Nguyen Bich Thao*
' TS. Khoa Luat - Dai hoc Quoc qia Ha Nfli
Thdng tin bai viet:
Tir khod: phap iugt so huu tri tu?, hpi nh^p kinh t^ qu6c t^, hi?p d)nh ihircmg m^i tu do me h? mdi.
Lich sir bdi viel- Nhanbai: 2911/2016 Bient^p: 30/12/2016 Duy?tbai: 11/01 2017
Article Infomalion:
Keywords: Law on Intellec- tual Property, International Economic Integration, New Generation Free Trade Agreements.
Article History:
Received- 29 No\ 2016 Edited: 30 Dec 2016 Approved" 11 Jan. 2017
Tom tat:
Hoan thi?n phap lu^t so hiru tri tu? (SHTT) \k mpt nhu cau cap thiet. khdng cbi de nhdm th^c hi?n cAc cam ket hpt nh^p quoc te ciia Vi?t Nam. ma con xuat phat tir nhu cau phat tnen t\f than cua nen kinh le trong dieu kivn doi mdi md hinh tang tnrong. Hoan thi?n phap lujit SHTT khong chi d\ra tren ca sd r^ soat, doi chieu cac quy djnh cy the nhim dam bao tirong thich \ d i cac hi?p d)nh thuang mai ty do the h? mdi, ma cdn phai xuat phdt tir thuc tr^ng phap lu^t SHTT Vi?t Nam \ a xu hudng phat trien cua phap lu^t SHTT cac nudc tren the gidi tren cac phuong di^n: xac I^p quyen SHTT, khai thac quyen SHTT va bao v? quyen SHTT.
.Abstract:
Improvement of law on intellectual property (IP) is an urgent need, which is driven by not only Vietnam's international integration commitments but also by the internal requirements for economic developments of Viemam in the context of transitiomng the country's growth model. Improvement of IP law should not be limited to the reviews of specific provisions to ensure compatibility with new generation free trade agreements, but should be approached comprehensively from the current state of Viemamese IP law and the trend of IP law in the world with respect to establishment, exploitation, and enforcement of IP rights.
I. Boi canh vk nhu cau hoan thi^n phap luatsdhChi tri tu?
Tir khi Vi?t Nam chinh thuc gia nhgp T6 chdc Thuang mgi the gidi (nam 2007) dkn nay. tien trinh chii dpng, tich cvc hpi nhgp kinh le qudc te ciia nudc ta ngay cang sau rpng hem. Dgc bi?t la g4n day, \'iet Nam da hoan tat \ i?c dam phan, ky ket mpt s6
hi?p dinh thuang mgi n/ do (FTA), trong do CO cac FTA the h? mdi nhu Hiep djnh doi tac xuyen Thai Binh Ducmg (TPP) va Hiep dinh thuang mgi t\r do giira Vipt Nam va Lien minh chau Au (EVFTA). Nudc ta cung dang trong qua trinh dam phan Hi?p dinh doi tac kinh te toan dien khu vuc giira ASEAN va6 ddi tac (Trung Quoc, An Dp, Nhat Ban. Han
— . H t t H l t H CUUl / - C sa 03(331) T 2 0 0 1 7 V _ I A P P H A P ' ' W
THUC n l N PHAP LUAT
Qu6c, Australia. New Zealand - RCEP)'.
TPP. EVFTA va RCEP dugc gpi la nhiing
"FTA thd he mdi" do cd nhiing dac diem mdi so vdi cac hiep dinh thuang mai ma
\'iet Nam da ky ket trudc day, do la: (I) muc do tir do hoa (md cua thi tnrdng) r4t sau; (2) phgm vi cam ket rat rong. ngoai cac llnh vuc truyen thong nhu thuang mgi hang hda, thucmg mai dich vu, dau tu, sd hiiu tri tue, cac FTA the h? mdi con bao gom nhiing cam ket ve nhieu llnh vuc mdi nhu doanh nghiep nha nudc, mua sam Chinh phii, thuang mai di?n nr, lao dpng - cong doan, moi trudng, minh bach va chdng tham nhiing...; (3) khac vdi cac FTA trudc day chu \ eu anh hudng tdi chinh sach thue quan tgi bien gidi, cac FTA the h? mdi co nhieu cam ket anh hudng tryrc tiep va ldn den the che, chinh sach phap luat npi dja; (4) cac FTA the he mdi c6 sy tham gia ciia nhtmg ddi tac thuang mai dac bi?t ldn ciia Vipt Nam nhu Hoa Ky, EU, Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc-'.
Trong khi qua trinh hpi nhgp kinh te quoc te dien ra ngay cang soi dpng, mgnh me, thi qua trinh doi mdi, hoan thi?n the che, phap lugt trong nudc chua dupc thyc hi?n mpt each dong bp. kip thai'. De thyc hipn CO hi?u qua han nira tien trinh hpi nhgp kinh te quoc te, mpt nhu cau cap thiet hi?n nay la tiep tyc doi mdi, hoan thipn he thong phap Iuat Viet Nam, "khan truang ra soat, bo sung, hoiin thi?n luat phap true tiep lien quan den hpi nhap kinh te quoc te. phii h(7p vdi Hien phap, tuan thii day dii. ditng dan
cac quy luat ciia kinh te thj trudng va cac cam ket hpi nhap kinh te qudc te, npi lugt hda theo ip trinh phu hpp nhirng dieu udc qudc te ma Vi?t Nam la thanh vien, tnrdc het la luat phap ve thuong mgi, dau tu, SHTT va chuyen giao cong ngh?, lao dpng - cong doan... bao dam tranh thii dupc thdi ca.
thuan lgi, vugt qua cac khd khan, thach thuc tu viec tham gia va thuc hipn cac hipp dinh thuang mai ty do the he mdi"'*.
Hoan thipn phap luat noi chung va phap lugt SHTT ndi rieng khong chi xuat phat tu nhu cau day mgnh hpi nhap kinh Ic qudc te, ma cdn xuat phat tir nhu cau phat tri^n tu than cua nen kinh te Vipt Nam hipn nay. Trong bdi canh nhan logi dang budc vao cupc each mgng cdng nghipp Ian thu 4, kinh te toan cau d vao giai dogn phat trien cao ciia nen kinh te tri thuc, ckc thanh qua sang tgo - doi tucmg bao hp cua quyen SHTT - ngay nay dugc cac nha kinh te hpc hipn dai coi la dpng lyc ca ban de phat trien kinh te va nang cao nang lyc cgnh tranh quoc gia. Khac vdi vai thap ky trudc day khi cac qudc gia chgy dua trong cac nganh cong nghipp su dyng nhieu tai nguyen thidn nhien, von va lao dpng, hipn nay hau het cac nudc, ke ca cac nudc phat trien va dang ph^t trien, deu cgnh tranh bang each chay dua vc cdng ngh^. Trudc tinh hinh dd, Vipt Nam thyc hien chit truang doi m&i mo hinh ldng tnr&ng, "chuyen dkn tir dya vao gia tang so lugng cac yeu to dau vao ciia san xuat sang dya vao tang nang suat, chat lugng lao dpng, img dung khoa hpc - cdng nghp va d6i mdi
46
1 Hi?p djnh RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) duqc ggi la Hiqj d|nh doi tac Kinh tfi loan dien Khu \vc. Hi?p dinh RCEP \k mpt hi?p djnh thuong m^i tu do vdi 10 nudc ihanh vicn ASEAN vi 6 nudg mi ASEAN da kj hiC-p dfnh thirang nnu ty do (AuMralia. Tmng Quoc. An Dg, Nh^l Ban. Han Quix vi New Zealand). Hiep dinh RCFPdir^c d\r doan la mot hiep dinh the ky. quy dinh cic ho^l dpng Ihuong mai cua loan vung ASEAN 2 Vli Ticn Lpe. Cic hi?p djnh thuong in?i tv do the h? mm: Co hpi vi thach thirc cua ndn kinh lc Vift Nam http7/cn-
leraews.vn/cac-hiep-dinh-thuong.niai-tu-do-thc-hc-moi-co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-cua-ncn-Linh-tc-vicl-nam.html ngiky 3 Nghi quyet Hpi nghj lan thu 4 Ban Chap hanh Tmng uong Dang khoa Xll s6 0 6 - \ g T W ngiy 05/11/2016 vfi ihirc
hi?n CO hi?u qua lien trinh hpi nh^p kmh la qu6c te, giir vung on dinh chinh tq - xS hpi trong b6i cinh nirdc la tham gia cac hiep dinh thuong m^i ti; do the hj men
4 Nhir tren, tldd.
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I u l p P H A P - V s i 03(331) T2/2017
THU'C HEN PHAP LUAT sang tao"\ vdi trpng tam uu tien la "hoan
thipn the che kinh te thi trudng djnh hudng XHCN, bao dam on dinh kinh te vi md va cac can doi Idn cua nen kinh te; cai thipn mdi trudng dau tu kinh doanh hip dan, thugn Igi cho khdi nghipp va doi mdi, sang tao. nghien cdu \ a tri^n khai img dung khoa hpc - cdng nghp"".
Trong nam 2016, cac ca quan, bp, nganh hiru quan da tidn hanh ra soat he thong phap luat Vipt Nam, trong do co phap lugt SHTT, de tir do phat hipn nhiing diem chua tuong thich, nhirng khoang trong va khuyen nghj sua doi, bd simg hogc ban hanh mdi cac quy dinh cho phu hgp, tuang thich vdi cac hipp dinh TPP va EVFTA ma Vipt Nam da ky ket. Vi$c ra soat, ddi chieu phap lugt Vipt Nam vdi cac quy djnh ve SHTT trong cac hipp dinh noi tren la rat can thiet, nhimg chua dii. De dap irng yeu cau hpi nhgp kinh te quoc te va tham gia cac FTA the hp mdi, can mpt each tiep cgn toan dipn ve phap lugt SHTT.
Ban chat ciia vipc bao hp quyen SHTT la Nha nudc trao dpc quyen cho cac nha s^ng tgo doi vdi cac thanh qua tri tu? cua hp {tkc pham van hpc, nghp thugt, khoa hpc, sang che, kieu dang cdng nghipp v.v..) trong mpt thdi gian hgn djnh, nghia la hp co quyen ngkn cam ngudi kh^c sao chep, su dyng, khai thac thanh qua sang tgo ciia minh ma khong xin phep. va Nha nudc bao vp khi co hanh vi xam phgm dpc quyen do theo cac ca che khac nhau. "Doc quyen" la sy "trao thudng" cua toan xa hpi ma dai dipn la Nha nudc cho cdng sue. von dau tu ma cac chii the quyen SHTT da bo ra de nghien ciiu, sang tgo. Tuy nhien. dpc quyen nay khong ton tgi vinh \ ien. Sau khi het thdi hgn bao hp quyen SHTT - tiic 1^ mpt khoang thdi gian du de chu the quydn SHTT co tha dpc
quydn khai thac Igi ich \ at chat ttr thanh qua sang tgo ciia minh de bii dap xiing dang von, cdng sire bd ra. cdng chung cd quyen ty do liep can. su dung cac thanh qua sang tao da cd dk tidp tyc cai tien. nang cap, sang tgo ra cac ddi tugng mdi, nhd do khdng ngiing thiic day sy phat tridn ciia khoa hpc cdng nghe \ a \ an hpc, nghe thugt, nang cao chat lugng cugc sdng cua con ngudi, dem Igi Igi ich cho toan xa hpi.
Mot he thong bao hp quydn SHTT tdt can tao dieu kipn cho quyen do dugc hipn iliyc hda d ca ba khau: xac lap quydn, khai thac gia tri ciia quyen va bao \e quydn (chdng lai hanh vi xam pham). Ba khau nay CO moi quan hp chat che vdi nhau. Neu quyen SHTT khong dugc xac lgp ngay tir dau thi khong thd ndi ddn vipc khai thac gia tri do quydn do mang lai, c^ng khong the ndi ddn viec chong lgi hanh vi xam pham quyen nhu sao chep. sii dyng trai phep. Ndu bao v?
quyen SHTT tdt trudc cac hanh vi xam pham se nang cao gia trj cua tai san tri tup, giup cho vipc khai thac quyen dugc hipu qua hon va tgo dpng lyc mgnh me hon de cac chil the tiep tyc sang tgo, tidp tyc xac lap quyen SHTT. Quyen SHTT se ho^n toan vd gia tri ndu nhu cac doi tugng dugc bao hp bj ngudi khac sao chep, sii dyng trai phep mpt each de dang ma khdng co ca chd hihi hieu de xir ly. Ddng thdi, neu khai thac tot gia tn ciia quydn SHTT, dem Igi lgi ich kinh te cao hon cho chii the quydn ciing se tao dgng lyc de cac chii thd tiep tyc sang tgo va tiep tyc xac lap quyen.
Xdc lap quyen SHTT doi hdi phai co mpt hp th6ng phap luat vd SHTT day du, bao hp toan dipn cac doi tugng sang tgo, vdi cac quy djnh ro rang, cy the vd dieu kipn bao hp doi vdi timg loai ddi tugng va quy trinh, thil tyc xac lap quydn (ty dpng hay phai
\ghi quyet Hoi nghj tin ihu 4 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang kh6a XII s6 05-NQ/TW ngiy OI/l 1/2016 v^ mpi ,o ehu imong. chinh sich ldn nhirn iiep tyc doi moi mo hinh ling imcmg, nang cao chat lu^^ng ting trutme nans suai lao apng, sue c?nh tranh ciia nen kinh te. » o o e Nghl quyet Hpi ngh| lan thir 4 Ban Chap hinh Trung irong Dang khda XU. tldd.
—. > N O H I I H CUUl f . ^ Sd03(331)T2/2017^LAp P H A p ' ^'
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
dang ky bao hd). Tuy nhien. ciing khdng the bd qua mdt yeu cau tien quydt dd xac lgp quyen SHTT, dd la trudc het phai tgo lgp dugc cac ddi tugng SHTT dugc bao hg (nhu sang chd, kieu dang cong nghiep, tac pham van hpc, nghe thugt...). Khong co cac doi tugng dugc bao hg - ket qua ciia hogt dgng sang tao - thi ciing khong cd quyen SHTT.
Sang tgo la kha nang vdn cd cua con ngudi dil d xa hpi nao, trinh dp phat tridn nao, nhung mot xa hdi cd chd dp bao hp quyen SHTT tdt thi se thuc da>', khuydn khich hogt dpng sang tao, tgo lap tai san tri tue len mgt tam cao ban niia. Do do, ngoai phap lugt SHTT, cac co che. chinh sach khac khuyen khich hogt dpng doi mdi sang tao ciing het sue quan trgng nhu xay dyng nguon nhan luc cho hoat dgng sang tao (thdng qua phat hien, dao tgo, boi dudng, trpng dyng nhan tai va nhan lyc trinh dp cao); ton vinh cac nha sang tgo; dau tu xiing dang cho hogt dpng nghien cuu va phat trien (R&D), bao dam kha nang tiep cgn, tra cim, khai thac tdt nguon thdng tin SHTT. dac biet la thong tin sang che phyc vy cho nghien cim khoa hpc va phat tridn cdng nghp; tgo dieu kipn thugn lgi cho cac nha sang tgo tiep can von; co chinh sach uu dai vc Ihuc \ a cac uu dai khac cho cac doanh nghipp doi mdi sang tgo.v.v...
Khai thdc gid tri cua quyen SHTT la khau dugc thyc hipn sau khi da xac lap quydn, va tham chi cd the thuc hipn ngay cd khi quyen SHTT chua dtrpc xdc lap (tai san tri tup dang trong qua trinh hinh thanh)^.
Khai thac co the bang nhieu phucmg thuc khac nhau, va hipn nay, tren the gidi, ngay cang xuat hipn nhieu md hinh khai thac tai san tri tue da dgng, phong phu, sang tgo, vi dy: ty minh khai thac (chang hgn nhu tryc tiep san xuat, phan phoi san pham cd chua doi tugng dugc bao hg quyen SHTT).
ban chuyen nhugng toan bp tai san tri tup.
chuyen giao quydn su dyng (cap li-xang)i cho thud, gdp vdn bang tai san tri tup vao doanh nghipp. thd ch4p tai san tri tup de vay vdn, ehtmg khoan hda tai san tri tup (securitization), thu mua bang dgc quyen sang chd va khdi kipn cac bdn xam phgm yeu cau bdi thudng thipt hgi; mua ban tai san tri tue qua san giao dich SHTT v.v.. De lam tdt khau khai thac gia tri ciia quyen SHTT thi trudc hdt phai thyc hipn tdt cac khau xac lap quyen va bao vp quydn, ddng thdi phai xay dung va hoan thipn cac quy dinh phap Iuat cd lidn quan nhu phap lugt ve hgp dong chuydn giao quyen sd hihi, quydn su dyng tai san tri tup, phap luat ve giao djch bao dam (nhim thiic day vipc the chap tai san tri tup va tidp cgn vdn)... De tgo Igp dugc mpt thj tnrdng cho tai san tri tup, can phat trien cac chii the trung gian rat quan trpng nhu cac to chirc tu van, danh gia, djnh gia, mdi gidi vd SHTT...
Bdo vc quyen SHTT chdng lai cdc h^nh vi xam phgm thong thudng dugc thyc hipn thong qua cac bipn phap: dan sy (khdi kipn vy an dan sy), hanh chinh (hogt dpng xir 1}' vi phgm hanh chinh trong lmh vyc SHTT ciia cac co quan nha nudc cd thdm quyen), hinh sy (truy td, xir ly ve hinh sy ddi vdl cac tpi xam phgm quydn SHTT), va kiem scat bidn gidi (ngan chan hang hda nhgp kh^u vi phgm quydn SHTT ngay tai bidn gidl), Trong so dd, bipn phap dan sy la bipn phap hixu hipu nhdt vi nd phan anh dung ban chdt cua quydn SHTT la mpt quydn dan su. \ a chii thd quyen SHTT cd thd vira ngan chan dugc hanh vi xam pham vira ydu cau bdi thudng thipt hgi do hanh vi xam phgm gay ra. Dd bao vp (thyc thi) quydn SHTT, khdng nhung can co mpt hp thdng phdp luat SHTT day du. ma cdn phai cd mpt hp thdng tu phap dan sy, tu phap hinh sy va
6 cac nudc phat trien, tii san ui tu? dang m)ng qua trinh hinh thinh ciing cd the dem the chap d i keu gpi v6n ti nha diiu tu. cac to chiic cap tin dun^;. lir dd. cac nhi sang 190 t i ^ c»n dupc vdn dc ticp lyc 1*0 1 ^ lai san tri tu '^
^ U ^ P H A P ^ ^ 03(331) • ^ 2 ^ ^ '
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT hp thdng CO quan hanh chinh nha nudc cd
hieu lyc, hieu qua, vk can nang cao nhgn thiic cua toan xa hpi vd bao ve quydn SHTT.
Do dd, hoan thipn phap luat SHTT theo nghia rpng can dugc hidu la hoan thidn cac quy dinh phap lugt ve xac lap quydn SHTT, khai thac quydn SHTT va thyc thi quyen SHTT va cac quy dinh phap lugt khac CO lien quan nhu phap lugt vd hgp ddng, phap luat vd giao dich bao dam, phap lugt \ e doanh nghiep \.v... va hoan thipn co che bao dam thl hanh cac quy dinh dd, gdp phan xay dyng mpt hp thdng SHTT "hanh dpng kip thdi. thyc thi hipu qua, thuc day sang tgo, gia tang gia tri"'*.
2. Th^c trang phdp luat sd hiru tri tu^
Vipt Nam
Sau 30 nam ddi mdi va hpi nhap kinh te qudc td, hp thdng phap luat SHTT d Vipt Nam da cd nhiing budc tien vugt bac. Theo danh gid, he thdng phdp luat vd bdo hp va thyc thi quydn SHTT ciia Viet Nam khdng nhirng dgt chuan tdi thidu ciia WTO ma con dgt tidu chuan cao hon theo Hipp dinh Thuang mai song phuang vdi Hoa Ky, co the sanh vdi cac nudc tidn tidn trong khu vyc va dang hudng tdi cac chuan mye tidn tidn ciia the gidi theo cac cam ket trong cac FTA the hp mdi ve cac tieu chi co lgi cho chil sd hiru quyen'. Khung phdp luat do bao gom quy djnh vd bao hp quydn SHTT trong Hidn phdp nam 2013, Luat SHTT nam 2005 (sua doi, bd sung nam 2009) ciing cac van ban hudng dan thi hanh Luat nay, va cac Lugt khdc co lien quan nhu Luat Khoa hpc va cong nghp, Luat Hai quan, Lugt Chuyen giao cong nghp... Vipt Nam ciing la thanh vien cua cdc didu udc qudc td da phuang quan trpng nhdt vd SHTT nhu Hipp dinh
TRIPS \d cac khia cgnh thuong mgi ctia quydn SHTT trong khudn khd cac hipp dinh ciia Td chiic Thuong mgi the gidi (WTO).
Cong udc Berne \e bao hp tdc pham van hpc, nghd thudt. khoa hpc, Cong udc Pari \ e bao hg quydn sd hiiu cdng nghipp, Cdng udc UPOX*^ vd bdo hg giong cav trdng mdi...
Phap luat Vipt Nam bao hg cac logi ddi tugng quyen SHTT da dgng. bao gdm:
(1) cac doi tugng cua quyen tac gid (tdc pham van hpc, nghe thugt, khoa hpc) va quydn lidn quan den quyen tac gid {quyen ciia ngudi bidu didn, to chiic san xuat bdn ghi am, ghi hinh, to chuc phdt sdng), (2) cac doi tugng ciia quyen sd huu cdng nghipp (sang che, giai phdp hiiu ich, kidu dang cong nghidp, bi mat kinh doanh, nhan hipu, tdn thuang mai. chi dan dia ly. thiet kd bd tri mgch tich hgrp, quyen chong canh tranh khong ldnh mgnh, vd (3) cdc doi tugng ciia quydn doi vdi giong cay trong (gidng cay trong mdi). Phdp lugt hipn hanh quy djnh ro cac didu kipn bdo hp ddi vdi timg logi doi tugng quyen SHTT, ca chd xdc lgp quydn, npi dung quyen, gidi hgn quydn, ca chd bdo vp vd thuc thi quyen va cac che tai doi vdi hdnh VI xam pham quyen SHTT.
Vd phuang dipn xac lgp quyen, so lugng quyen SHTT dugc xac lgp ngay cang gia tang theo timg nam, cho thay sy tang trudng mgnh me trong hogt dgng sdng tao, tgo lap tai san tri tup d Vipt Nam. So lugng don dang ky sd hihi cong nghipp tang nhanh (binh quan khoang 10% moi nam). Trong 05 nam gan day (tir 2011 ddn 2015), Cyc SHTT da nhgn dugc 390.876 dan hoac yeu cau cdc logi. da xir ly dugc 338.387 don (bang 86,7% tdng so dan nhgn dugc), cap 132.107 van bang bdo hp sd htm cong nghipp, trong
Diy la cac mvc ueu dupc dc ra trong t>f thao Chiin lupc SHTT qudc gia.
Xcm http:,'wWW tapchicongsan org vn/Home/PnntStory.aspx?disnnbution=38109&pnnl=mie.
Bao cio cuaC'yc SHTT t»i budi lam vip: \m Pho Thu tirong Vu Due Dam ngay 29 9 2016. Xem. http //wwv bacn- inh.gov.vTiweb'so-tu-ph«prtw*s-^d«ails22.S49ph,>lhu-mong-vu-duc-dam-viet-nam.phai-vnon-lcn-lhu-2-ascan-%c- so-huu-m-tuc
HSHISH CUU| J
Si03(331)T2/2017\_lAp PHAP
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
do CO 6.028 Bang dgc quydn sang che, 466 Bdng dpc quyen gidi phdp hiiu ich, 6.648 Bdng dpc quydn kidu dang cong nghiep, 118.922 Gidy chiing nhgn dang ky nhan hidu vd 23 Gidy chung nhgn dang ky Chi dan dia ly..."*. Tuy nhidn, cong tdc xu ly don dang ky sd hiiu cong nghidp con cham, thdi hgn xir ly dan dai, gay biic xuc cho doanh nghipp vd xa hgi. Quy trinh, thu tyc va vipc img dyng cdng nghd thdng tin trong xii ly cong vipc con hgn chd, cham doi mdi".
Vd phuong didn khai thdc quyen SHTT, tuy da co tidn tridn dang kd trong nhiing nam qua, nhung nhin chung day id khau con rat ydu. Cdc giao dich lidn quan den quyen sd huu tri tup chua soi dpng, gia trj ciia tai sdn tri tup chua dugc danh gid, khai thac, tgn dyng mgt cdch thoa dang trong cdc hogt dgng li-xang va chuyen giao cong nghp, dau tu, gop vdn, mua ban sdp nhgp doanh nghipp. cho vay co bdo dam bang tdi san tri tup. Mac dii trdn thyc td, d Vipt Nam da xudt hipn cdc giao djch nay, nhung mdi mang tinh chat nho le, chua dugc thyc hipn trdn dipn rpng. Trong nam 2015, chi CO 848 hgp dong chuydn nhugng quyen sd huu doi tugng sd hiru cong nghipp vd 203 hgp dong chuyen giao quyen sir dyng doi tugng sd huu cdng nghipp dupc dang ky tgi Cyc SHTT'-.
Vd phuang dipn bao vp quydn, Vipt Nam Cling da cdi thipn ddng kd hp thdng thyc thi quydn SHTT phii hgp vdi ydu cau Ciia Hipp djnh TRIPS theo cac co chd dan sy, hanh chinh, hinh sy vd kidm soat bidn
gidi. Trong giai dogn 2012 - 2015, thyc hipn Chuang trinh hanh dgng ve phoi hgp phdng va ch6ng xam phgm quyen SHTT giai dogn II, cac lyc lugng chtic nang cua 9 bg, nganh da da xir ly vi phgm hanh chinh 25.543 vy viec, trong do phat tidn 23.197 vy vide vdi tong sd tidn xu phat vi phgm hanh chinh gan 97 ty dong; da khdi td 381 vy vdi 553 bj can;
xet xii 55 vu an vd SHTT tgi tda an (trong do cd 12 vy dn hinh sy)''. Tuy nhien, thyc thi quydn SHTT d Viet Nam van la khau rat yeu, nhat la thyc thi bang bien phap dan sy.
S6 vy kipn dan sy ve tranh chap quyen SHTT dugc giai quyet tgi Tda an rat nh6 so vdi so vy vipc dugc giai quyet bang bipn phdp hanh chinh. Tu ngay 1/7/2006 den ngay 22/6/2009, cdc tda dn Viet Nam chi thy ly 108 vu vipc ve sd hiiru tri tup'**. Tu nam 2012 den nam 2015, Toa an cac cap tiep nhan 288 vy vipc, da giai quyet dugc 177 vy, trong do xet xii 55 vy (12 w dn hinh sy), cong nhan sy thoa thugn cua cdc ben 16 vy va dinh chi 91 vy'^ Didu nay khong phdn dnh diing thyc trgng xam pham quyen SHTT d Vipt Nam, bdi con so nay rdt it so vdi hang ngan vy vipc dugc xii ly bdng bipn phap hanh chinh moi ndm. Cac chu thd quyen SHTT khdng mudn khdi kipn ra tda an do qua trinh gidi quyet tgi toa an thudng keo ddi, ton kem, nhung khong hipu qua. Cdc tham phan khdng co kidn thuc chuydn mdn va kinh nghipm gidi quydt cac vy vipc ve SHTT, ndn thudng giii cong van hdi y kien ciia cdc co quan chuyen mon vd SHTT nhu Cyc SHTT hay Cyc Ban quydn tdc gia vd
Bio cio cua Cyc SHTT t^ budi lim vi?c vdi Phd Thii nrdng Vu Due E)am ngiy 29/9/2016. Xenr htto//
inh.gpv.vn/web so-tu-phap/news/-/detai!s/22549/pho-thu-luong-vu-duc-dam-vict-nam-phai-vuon.l™ ,h. T'^-°^'^^- so-huu-m-nie "^-ihu-2-asean-vc- Thdng bao ket l u ^ ciia Phd Thii hrdng VQ Due Dam v^ bu6i lim v i ^ vdi Cyc SHTT ngiy 29/9/2016 Cvc SHTT, Bao cao thudng nifin ve hogt dpng SHTT n5m 2015. tr 94-96
Thanh tra Bp Khpa hpc vi Cong ngh?. Nhung ket qu^ d?t dupe eiia Chucmg Uinh 168 ve ph6i hpp hinh AP. i.
vi ch6ng xam ph?m quyen SHTT giai do?n I! (2012 - 2015), http://thanhn«.mosi.gpv vn/vi/cac h« u ^ •'"^"8 ' - - -- - "'"ngnien-cuu-
l-i-iri-tu.gia,.
50
shn/nh-ng-k-t-qu-d-t-d-c-ch-ng-tnnh-168-v-ph-i-h-p-hanh-d-ng-phong-va.ch-ng-j(am-ph-m-quy-n do-n-ii-2012-2015.
14 Toa an nhan dan toi cao (2009), Chuyen de Khoa hpc xil xu, Giii qu\cl tranh chip q u y ^ SHTT tai TA dfin. http://www.toaan.gov.vn/portal/pla'ponal/does/22012S4.PDF *" nhan 1 •; Thanh tra Bp Khoa hpc va Cdng ngh?, tldd
, HaHltN cuu r-.
! L A P P H A P _ / S 6 03(331) T2/2017
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT dya hodn todn vao cdc y kien dd dd gidi
quyet vy an'*. Nhidu vy vipc bi keo dai do tda an chd y kien cua cac co quan chuyen mdn ndy. Tuy nhidn, ciing can khang djnh rang sd lugng cac vy vide ve SHTT dugc gidi quydt tai toa an dang ngay cdng tang Idn, cho thay cac chit thd quydn dang dan dan tin tudng hon vao hp thdng tda an va nhan thiic rd hon gia tri quydn SHTT ciia minh. Khong chi cd chii thd quydn SHTT la to chirc, cd nhan nudc ngoai khdi kipn tai tda an, md sd vy vide do to chirc, cd nhan khdi kipn ciing ngay cang tang. Cac vu kipn ve xam phgm quydn SHTT khdng chi tap trung d Ha Ngi va thdnh pho Hd Chi Mmh nhu trudc day, md cdn xuat hipn d nhieu tinh, thanh trdn cd nudc nhu Da Nang, Thanh H6a, Dak lak, Tay Ninh v.v.. Nhu \ay. thyc thi quydn SHTT hipn nay khong cht xuat phdt tir siic dp ben ngodi do hpi nhgp kinh td qudc td. ma dang dan dan trd thdnh nhu cdu ty than, npi tgi ciia cdc to chirc, ca nhdn Vipt Nam trong vipc bdo vp thdnh qud sdng tgo, thanh qud ddu tu ciia minh de co the cgnh tranh va phdt tridn tren thi trudng.
Nhin tong thd, mac du hp thdng phap lugt \e SHTT ciia Viet Nam dugc xdy dyng va hodn thipn vdi toe dp nhanh chong, nhin chung tuong thich vdi chuan mye quoc te (Hipp djnh TRIPS), nhung TRIPS chi ddt ra cdc tidu chuan bdo hg tdi thidu mang tinh chat khung, djnh hudng co ban cho moi quoc gia xay dyng phap lugt SHTT ciia minh. Doi chidu phdp lugt Viet Nam vdi phap lugt SHTT ciia cac nudc phat tridn nhu My, Lidn minh chau Au va thgm chi la vdi nudc lang gidng Trung
Qudc. cd thd thay phap lugt SHTT Vipt Nam con cd khoang each kha \a. Nhidu quy dinh con thidu vang, chua day du, chua chi tidt, cy thd, hogc chua thich img vdi xu hudng thay doi ciia the gidi. Cdc quy dinh phdp luat ve SHTT chua day dii ciing la mdt nguydn nhan chu ydu dan ddn sy thidu hipu qud ciia toa an Vipt Nam trong vipc gidi quyet cac vy an tranh chdp ve quydn SHTT. vi dy: thidu cdc quy djnh cy thd ve xac dinh hanh vi xam phgm timg logi doi tugng SHTT. ve cdc logi hanh vi xam phgm tryc tidp vd gian tidp, vd xdc dinh thipt hgi, \d cdc Ioai che tai ddi vdi hdnh vi xam pham... Vi vgy, khong trdnh khdi vipc toa dn phy thugc vdo y kidn ciia cac CO quan chuydn mon vd SHTT de giai quydt tranh chap, bdi cac quy djnh chung cua TRIPS da dugc tiep nhan trong Lugt SHTT nam 2005 khong the dii sue gidi quydt cac tranh chap quydn SHTT vo ciing da dang, phong phu trong ddi sdng, trong khi Viet Nam chua cd mpt h? thong dn Ip vd SHTT dd bo sung cho cdc quy djnh phap lugt thanh van'^.
4. De xuat phucmg hirdng ho^n thi^n phap luat sd hiru tri tup
Theo kdt qua ra soat phdp lugt Vipt Nam vdi cac cam ket ve SHTT trong Hipp dinh thuong mgi ty do Viet Nam - EU (EVFTA) do Phong Thuang mgi va Cong nghidp Vipt Nam cong bo thang 7/2016, nhin tdng thd, phdp lugt Viet Nam da co ban tuong thich vdi ydu cau ciia EVFTA; mpt so it ngi dung chua tuong thich chi mang tinh quy dinh chi tiet, don le, d cac van dd cy thd'". Tuy nhien, nguyen tac toi hup quoc (M FN) dugc nhdn mgnh trong EVFTA d6i
Vl dv, trong %v an vi xim ph?m quyen ddl vdl giai phap hiru ich giiira Cdng ty Hung Phil Thinh vi Cdng ty Tran Thinh D?t (Bin TO so 1892/2011/KDTM-ST eua Tda an nhan dan diinh pho Ho Chi Minh ngiy :4/IO/20n). Toa an (13 gin cdng vin cho Cyc SHTT dfi nghj cung cip y kien chuyen mdn vc vi?c cd hanh vi xam ph^m quyin hay khdng) Tuong tv. trong vg trmih chap vc quyk tie gii giua Nxb. Tre va Cong ty cd phin Van hda nhan vSn nim 2010. Toa in nhan dan thinh phd Ho Chi M,iA giri cdng vin de ngh] Cyc Ban quy&o tac gia cung cap y kiSn chuyen mdn vi ' ' ^ J ^ " ^ ^ T '^"^ ^ P * cua nguyen don hav khdng
SUc du aen n ^ . Viet Nain di chinh thue thira nh|n an I? ia mpt ngudn phap lu?t dirpc tda in sir dyng trong ho^i dpng xd xu va M CO loan l« dupg cdng bo. nhung chua ed an I? nio vi SHTT. Xcm: anle.toaan.gov vn.
vc SHTT. Nxb. Cottg thuong. Hi Npi, 2016. tr. 21
, HAHrtNCtfUl C l Sd03(331)T2/2017\^tAF P H A P ' ***A
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
hoi Met Nam phai ddi xir vdi cac chu the EU d mite tot nhdt theo cac cam kdt EVFTA va Hipp dinh TPP (la FTA cd ngi dung cam ket nhidu nhat vd SHTT tinh den nay). Do dd, dd thyc thi cdc cam ket EVFTA vk SHTT thi ciing d6ng thdi phdi didu chinh, siia dot phdp Iuat SHTT Viet Nam tuong thich vdi cac cam ket trong TPP. Mac dii tgi thdi didm hipn nay, chira thd dy dodn TPP cd dugc cac nudc thdnh vidn phe chuan hay khdng, nhung trong tien trinh chii dgng, tich cyc hgi nhgp kinh te qu6c td cua Viet Nam. vide hodn thipn phdp luat SHTT theo cdc tieu chudn tidn tien ciia TPP van rat can thidt.
Vipc ddm phan, ky ket TPP ciing la mpt co hgi t6t de Vipt Nam nhin lai hp thong phap lugt SHTT ciia minh, nhan didn nhiing khoang trong vd hpc hdi dugc nhiing giai phap phdp ly md TPP cung cap - thyc chat chinh Id kinh nghipm Igp phdp tir cdc nudc CO h? thdng phdp ludt SHTT. Cho dii TPP co dugc cde nudc phe chuan hay khdng, no van cd the dugc xem la mpt bg ticu chuan mdi ve lgp phdp trong ITnh vyc SHTT, chua dyng cdc tidu chuan bao hp cao han va chi tidt, day dii hon so vdi Hipp dinh TRIPS, vi vgy cd gid trj tham khao doi vdi cac nudc dang phdt trien nhu Vipt Nam trong qud trinh cai each, hodn thipn the che kinh te thj trudng dap ling yeu cau hpi nhdp kinh te quoc td ngay cang sau rgng". Ngogi trii nhiing quy djnh mang tinh chdt "mgc cd" giiia cdc nudc phdt trien va cac nudc dang phdt trien ve keo dai thdi hgn bdo hg ddi vdi mgt sd ddi tugng SHTT, vd tang cudng bao hp doi vdi sdng che vd dir lieu thir nghipm trong linh vyc dugc pham va lmh vyc hoa ndng..., Vipt
Nam cd thd hgc hdi. tidp thu dugc cac chuaii mye tien tidn ve bdo hg quydn SHTT cua the gidi tir TPP ciing nhu cdc FTA thd hp mdi ndi chung.
Trdn ca so nghidn ciiu cac tidu chuan bdo hg quydn SHTT trong TPP va EVFTA vd xudt phdt tu thyc trgng phap lugt SHTT Viet Nam, c6 thd dd xuat mgt so phuong hudng hodn thipn sau day:
4.1 M& rpng phgm vi ddi tupng dupfc bdo hp quyin s&hiru trituf
KJii ndn kinh td dua tren tri thiic va cong nghd cdng phat trien, tat yeu se xuat hipn cdng nhidu cdc ddi tugng SHTT mdi cdn dugc bao hg. Ddi vdi nhan hipu, hipn nay phdp luat Viet Nam mdi chi bdo hg cac nhan hipu la dau hipu nhin thay dugc^°. De phu hgp vdi xu hudng bao hg nhan hipu tien thd gidi, can timg budc md rgng phgm vi bao hg sang cdc nhan hipu khong nhin thay dugc nhu nhan hipu am thanh, nhan hipu mui huang-'. Khdng chi co My, nhidu nudc trdn thd gidi da bdo hg cac logi nhan hipu phi truydn thong nay. Vi dy, Lugt Nhan hipu Trung Qudc sua doi nam 2013 (cd hipu lyc hJ 1/5/2014) da xda bd dieu kien nhan hipu phdi Id dau hipu "nhin thay dugc" va chinh thuc ghi nhgn nhan hipu am thanh cd thd dugc dang ky bao hg^^. Doi vdi sdng che, hipn nay phdp lugt Vipt Nam bao hg hai logi la sdng chd dgng san phdm vd sang che dgng quy trinh-^ Trong khi dd, cac nudc phdt tridn bdo hg cd sdng chd dgng su dyng tire Id nhiing gidi phap da dugc biet den neu nhu chimg dugc sii dyng theo mgt each mdi ho§c Id phuang phdp hay quy trinh sir dyng mdi
52
19 Theo TS. Nguyen Dmh Cung. Vi^n trudng Vi^n n^itn cuu Quin \<f kinh te trung ucmg, neu khdng cd TPP th' rl" h" • nh|p. lhi;c hi?n cic cam kit vdi cic FTA khic, nen kinh ik Vift Nam vSn budc phai ticn eung thdi dai ih'- -i^^ •' each m ^ mg theo hirdng Idnh te dij tnrong diy du. hipn d?i. c^nh tranh cdng bing hon Xcm: Khdng Tpp"i i ^^' cich se cing mpnh roS. ht^://b«odaulu.vQ/khong-ti^ap-luc-cai-cach-se-cang-manh-me-d55249 html ngav 2R/M nn*^^' 20 Khoan I Dieu 72 Lu»I SHTT nim 2005 (sira doi. bo sung nim 2009) ' 11/2016 21 Dieu 18.18 TPP* "Khdng Bcn n ^ dupc quy djnh ring diu hi^u phai dirpc nhm thiy bing mit nhu mpt dicu V i. • ding ky, ciing khdng dupc tii cbpi v i ^ ding ky nhin hi§u li mpt am ihanh don thuan Ngoai ra. moi Ben oha *" ^^
ik cho phep ding k> nhin hifu miii huong * " "^ ' " " 'vc 22 Dicu 8 Lu|t Nhan hi?u Trung Quoc 2013. Xcm: http://www chinaiplawycr.com full-lext-20l3-chinfl-tradcma i,
23 Khoan 12 Dieu 4 Lu^i SHTT nim 2005 (sira ddi. 1)6 sung nim 2009} '"'(•luw/
HOHlfeN CtfU ,
• LAP P H A P ^ S d 03(331) T2/2017
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT ciia mgt sdn phdm da dugc biet ddn". Doi
vdi kieu dang cdng nghidp, phap luat Viet Nam hipn hanh chi bao hp kidu dang tdng the ben ngodi ciia sdn pham ma khdng bao hg kidu ddng dugc chiia dyng frong mgt phdn san phdm". Do vdy, day Id nhihig van de Vipt Nam cdn xem xet bd sung khi sua ddi Luat SHTT.
4.2 Quy dfnh cdc che tdi du mgnh ddi v&i hdnh vixdmphgm quyen s&hiru trituf De thuc thi quydn SHTT mpt each hipu qud, phdp lugt SHTT Viet Nam can dugc nghien ciiu sua doi, bo sung dd quy djnh cdc che tdi dii manh ddi vdi hanh vi xam phgm quyen. Ve che tai ddn sy, ngodi chd tdi budc boi thudng thidt hgi thyc te va lgi nhuan cua ben xam phgm, can co quy djnh vd boi thudng thipt hgi theo ludt djnh (statutory damages) trong nhiing trudng hgp kho xdc djnh thipt hgi va muc boi thudng thipt hgi theo lugt djnh nay phdi dii Idn dd bao dam tinh rdn de. Doi vdi hanh vi xam phgm CO y thi toa dn can c6 quydn bupc ben xdm phgm phai tra mpt khodn tidn boi thudng bd sung (additional damages), bao gom cd cac khodn boi thudng mang tinh ehdt trimg phat, ran de (punitive damages, hay exemplary damages)-''. Vi dy, theo phdp luat Hoa Ky, miic boi thudng thipt hgi do ludt dinh doi vdi vi phgm bdn quyen toi thidu Id 750 USD trdn 1 tac phdm vd toa dn CO thd quydt dinh tdi mirc 30.000 USD trdn I lac pham, ndu la vi pham co y thi mirc nay t6i da la 150.000 USD trdn 1 tdc phdm-^
Didu 68 Dy thdo sua doi, bd sung Lugt Sang chd Trung Qudc ciing quy dinh tang mirc boi thudng thipt hgi ludt djnh tdi da do xdm
phgm quyen doi vdi sdng che tir 1 tripu nhan dan td (tuong duong 155.000 USD) Idn 5 tridu nhan dan tp (tuang duang 776.000 USD) va tang miic bdi thudng mang tinh trimg phgt (toi da gdp 3 Ian muc thidt hgi thyc td) ddi vdi hanh vi xam phgm co y-*.
Trong khi do, Didu 205 Luat SHTT Vipt Nam chi quy dinh mgt cdch chung chung la muc bdi thudng thidt hgi vd vat chat do Toa an an dinh nhung khong qua 500 tripu ddng,
\a khong co quy djnh ve viec toa an cd quydn tang muc bdi thudng len gap ba ddi vdi hdnh vi xdm pham cd y.
Vd che tdi hinh sy, cdn tiing budc hinh sy hoa thdm mpt sd hdnh vi xam phgm quyen SHTT. Bp Iuat Hinh sy Vipt Nam nam 2015 chi cd 2 didu (225 va 226) quy dinh vd Tpi xdm phgm quydn tdc gid, quydn lien quan vd Tgi xam phgm quydn sd hiiu cdng nghipp vdi rat it logi hdnh vi. TPP ydu cau cdc nudc thdnh vidn quy djnh trach nhipm hinh sy ddi vdi rat nhidu hanh vi xam pham quydn SHTT nhu co y gid mgo nhan hidu. cd y nhdp khau/xudt khau hang hda mang nhan hipu gia mgo, sao chep ban quydn hoac cdc quydn lidn quan trdn quy mo thuang mai, cd y tiep can trai phep mpt bl mat kinh doanh dugc luu trir trong hp thong mdy tinh, eo y chidm dogt trdi phep bi mgt kinh doanh, co y tidt Ip trai phep bi mat kinh doanh hoac tiet lg bi mat kinh doanh mang tinh chat gian ddi; san xuat, lap rap, chinh sira, xuat'nhap khdu, bdn, cho thue, hoac phan phoi thidt bj ma minh bidt ho§c huge phai biet rdng thidt bj do dugc diing dd ho trg vipc giai ma hodc tiep nhan tin hipu vp
Dieu 18 37 TPP: moi Ben khing d|nh ring bing sang che cho cac phat minh dupc tuyen bo il nh^t mpi Irong cac dieu sau each sir dyng mdi ciia mgi san pham di dirpc bict. phuang phip su dyng mdi ciia mdt san pham di dupc bict.
hojc quy trinh sii dyng mdi cua mpt san phim da dupc biit.
Dicu I ^ 55 TPP. Trun^ Qupc eung dang xem xet sua ddi lu^t de mo rpng ph?m vi bao hp kieu dang cdng nghiep doi
\ dl kicu dang mpt phan sin pham. Xem Didu 2 Dy thao sua ddi. bo sung Lu^t Sang chi Trang Quoc. htlp7/www ip- waichdogcom/20I5/l2/18/ehinesc-pateni-law-amendments-proposed'id-f.''*5Rr
Khoan6-9Dicu I857TPP 17 U S C i ; 504
http: «^-\Mpwatchdogcom/20l5/i: U .hincsc-patem-law-amendmcnb-pix)posed/id=6398l/
Sd 03(331) T2/2017^_ LAP P H A P ' '
THUC HEN PHAP LUAT
tinh hogc cap mang chuang trinh da dugc ma hoa-'...
4.3 Ndng cdp vd hodn thiin cdc quy djnh vi bdo hp quyin tdc gid, quyen lien quan trong mdi tru&ng Internet
Cac Hidp dinh TPP va EVFTA danh dung lugng ddng ke quy djnh vd bao hg quyen tac gid, quydn hdn quan \a trdch nhipm ciia cdc nha cung cap dich vy trung gian trong moi trudng Intemet (Intemet Service Provider - ISP). Trong khi do, phap luat Vipt Nam quy dinh vd van dd nay con khd don gian trong mpt vdn ban d cdp dp thong tu (Thong tu Lidn tich so 07/2012/TTLT-BTTTT-B VHTTDL ngay 19/6/2012 ciia Bp Thong tin va Truydn thdng va Bp Van hda, Thd thao va Du Iich quy djnh trach nhipm cua doanh nghipp cung cdp djch vy trung gian trong vipc bdo hp quyen tdc gia va quyen lien quan trdn moi trudng mgng Intemet vd mgng vidn thong - Thong tu 07). Vc nguydn tac, vipc quy dinh trdch nhipm cua cac ISP phdi bdo ddm can bdng giiia hat lgi ich: mgt Id, thiic day sy phdt tridn cdc djch vy tmng gian tryc tuyen, va hai Id, cho phep cdc chii thd quydn doi pho mgt each hipu qud vdi hdnh vi xam phgm bdn quyen xdy ra trong moi tmdng Internet'". Do do, cac FTA thd hp mdi mgt m$t ydu cau cdc nudc thanh vidn phdi quy djnh ch§t che, nghiem nggt trdch nhipm ciia ISP doi vdi hdnh vi xdm phgm quyen tac gid, quyen lidn quan ciia ngudi sii dyng djch vy tmng gian do minh cung cap, mat khdc phai quy dinh ro nhirng "gidi hgn an toan" {safe harbors), tiic la nhung tmdng hgp ISP dugc mien tni trdch nhiem^'. Thong tu so 07 hipn hanh chi quy djnh nhimg tmdng hgp ISP phai chju trdch nhipm md ehua quy djnh cdc
gidi hgn an toan nay. Ddng thdi, Thdng tix so 07 chi quy dinh ISP phai gd bd \ a \o.i ngi dung thdng tin sd vi phgm quyen tdc gia, quydn lien quan. cdt. ngimg va tgm ngirng dudng tmydn Intemet, dudng tmydn vien thong khi nhgn dugc \eu cdu bang van ban ciia CO quan nha nudc cd tham quydn, ma chua quy dinh trdch nhipm gd bd ngi dung vi phgm theo yeu cdu cita chu the quyin, cung nhu trach nhipm boi thudng cua ngudi da dua ra ydu cau gd bd hogc cung cap thdng tin khong diing cho ISP^-. Do vay, can ndng cap cac quy djnh cua Thdng tu sd 07 thanh didu luat quy djnh trdch nhipm vd gidi hgn trach nhipm cua ISP trong vipc bdo hg quydn tdc gid. quyen lidn quan vdi ngi dung phli hgp vdi quy dinh ciia TPP va EVFTA.
4.4 Cdng bd cdc bdn dn, quyet dfnh hdnh chinh ve gidi quyet tranh chap, xu ly cdc hdnh vi xdm phgm quyin SHTT vd phdt triin hf thdng dn If vi SHTT
Vipc phdt trien hp thong dn Id vd SHTT la mgt nhu cau cap thiet hipn nay.
Ngay cd cac nudc theo tmydn thong lugt dan sy (phap dien hoa) nhu Lidn minh chau Au hay Tmng Quoc ddu da cdng bd cac bdn dn, quyet djnh cua toa dn vd SHTT. vd tda an cdc nudc nay cung thudng xuydn tham khdo, trich dan dn Ip (dii khdng phai nguon lugt bat bupc) khi xet xir cdc tranh chdp vd SHTT. IChi cde thdm phan, cdc can bg thyc thi, cdc lugt su, hpc gia va sinh vien lugt cd the tidp cgn vd nghien cihi cac ban an vd SHTT, hg se eo dugc mgt cdi nhin ddy du, todn dipn cac khia cgnh bieu hipn cua quydn SHTT trong ddi song thyc td. vd thyc trgng cdc giao djch lidn quan ddn tdi san tri tup, each giai quydt cua toa an va ca quan hdnh chlnh d6i vdi cac vy xdm pham quydn
29 Xemeiedieu 1 8 7 ' . !s ' s . 18,79TPP 30 Khoan I D i k 1> s:TPP.
31 Dieu IS S: TPP. Dilu XX EVFTA,
32 Khoan 3 Dicu 18.82 TPP quy d)nh ISP chi dupe mien trir trach nhi^m xda bd hojc vd hieu hda nj
^ , ill biei vh VI phi^n nhiin dupc thdng bio ve vi ph^m lir chii so hihi ban quyen hojc tu mgi nguin dupc ehu so h&u iiy quyen HVHIlH CUU
dirdng dan tr\iy cip vao lai li?u ed u^cn m^ng hojc h^ th^ng eua minh ngay khi biei vh vi pham bin auvfnl V ]^^
_ i . s - A . U i i , i „ . , i ... ..k..». .,•, -.k.', .— u.-v.. k , . . . i . . u.,*.. . A. i_ * I - . , . M-j/i-ii no^c khi
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l H 9 H I I H CUU , ' LAP P H A P _ / S 6 03(331) T2/2017THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT SHTT. tir dd, hg co thd phdt hipn rihirng
khoang trong trong phap ludt vd dd xuat gidi phdp hoan thipn. Kinh nghipm Tmng Qudc cho thay, nudc nay da cong bo mdt so lugng Idn cdc bdn an vd SHTT yd hang nkm cong bd mgt tap ban dn mau vd SHTT do cdc tda an cap cao ban hdnh, dd cac tda an khdc co thd sir dung Idm ngudn tu lieu tham khao khi gidi quydt cac vy vipc tuong ty". Theo cdch ndy, vide ap dyng phdp luat SHTT se thdng nhdt hon, ly lugn vd phdp lugt SHTT se khdng ngimg dugc bo sung bdi thyc tien phong phil. Trdn co sd dd, cdc khodng trdng trong phap lugt se dugc nhgn didn va dugc ldp ddy. Han nira, vipc cong bo cac ban an vd SHTT Id mpt bipn phdp gidn tiep de thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai bdi no the hidn cam kdt mgnh me ciia Vipt Nam trong \ iec tuan thil Hipp djnh TRIPS vd cac FTA thd hp mdi", dong thdi tang cudng tinh minh bgch trong thyc thi quydn SHTT,
Vipc phdt trien hp thong an Ip \e SHTT ciing se gdp phdn nang cao nang lyc ciia tda dn trong vipc xet xu cac tranh chap quydn SHTT, tir do djch chuydn dan co chd thye thi quydn SHTT d Vipt Nam di theo diing quy dao ty nhien vdi trpng tam la co ehd khdi kipn ddn sy, bdi chi thdng qua ca che ndy, cdc chii the quydn SHTT mdi dugc bdo \ e ddy dii. trgn vpn, dugc hudng cdc chd tai dan sy md bipn phdp hanh chinh khong the mang lgi cho hp nhu chd tai boi thudng thipt hai. Co chd kipn dan sy \di bdn chdt tranh tyng c6 thd bao ddm tinh minh bgch, dan chii, eong khai. chat che ve thii tyc dd
bdo \ e quydn va lgi ich hgp phdp ciia ca hai ben. Han niia, cac hanh vi xdm pham quyen SHTT hipn nay da trd ndn tinh vi, phirc tgp han nhieu so vdi vipc Idm hdng gia, hdng nhai, an cap bdn quyen, do \ ay. quy trinh giai quydt theo bipn phap hdnh chinh la khdng phii hgp va khdng dii khd nang danh gia day dii cdc tinh tidt, chiing cu, lap lugn ciia cac bdn dd dua ra quydt djnh diing dan.
4.5 Hodn thifn quy trinh xdc lgp quyin s& hiru cdng nghifp vd cdc quy djnh phdp lugt cd liin quan nhu phdp lugt vi hpp ddng, phdp lugt ve giao dfch bdo ddm, phdp lugt vi chuyin giao cdng nghf...
Cac quy djnh vd xdc Igp quydn sd huu cdng nghipp can dugc sira doi, bd sung dd thich img vdi \ icc md rgng phgm vi bdo hg cho nhan hipu dm thanh, nhdn hipu miii, kidu dang cong nghiep ciia mgt phan sdn phdm.
sang ehe dgng su dyng... Quy trinh xdc lap quydn can dan gidn, minh bach, tgo thugn lgi cho ngudi npp don vd tang cudng img dyng cdng nghp thdng tin.
Dc khuyen khich khdi nghipp, ddi mdi sdng tao, dieu quan trpng hang dau Id khd nang tidp cgn vdn ciia cdc doanh nghipp khdi nghipp, sdng tgo. Do do, phdp ludt vd giao djch bdo ddm vd phdp lugt vd chuydn giao cong nghp cdn quy djnh ro hon vd co chd nhgn bdo ddm bang tai san tri mp, nhdn dipn rd cde logi tdi sdn tri tup co thd sir dyng lam tdi sdn bdo ddm. Ddng thdi, can nghien ciiu, hgc tap kinh nghipm ciia nudc ngoai vd thiic ddy hogt dgng cho vay co bdo dam bang tai sdn tri tup^^ •
IP Protection by Chinese Courts in 2012, http. chinaiprZ files .wordpress com 2013/04/ip-protcction-by-chincse- courts-in-20l2_en pdf (47 422 ban in vc SHTT cua eac Trung Qudc dupe cdng bd tren m^ng tinh den cuoi nim 2012).
Khoan 1(b) Dieu 18.73 TPP. Moi Ben phai quy d|nh ring cac phin quyet tu phip va quyel d|nh hanh chinh licn quan den viec divc thl cic quyen SHTT phai dupc phat hanh hojc. n^u khdng the phit hanh thi phii cdng bo rpng rii ra cong chung dudi mpi hinh thirc bing ngon ngu qudc gia nhim muc dieh eho cic ddi tupng vi ci nhan hihj quan nim rS.
Hf .1 K> da cd hch su gan 200 nim \i vip: cho vay ed bao dam bing tai san tri tu? CJ chau A, Trung Quoc di v4 dang CO nhihig buoc tien m ^ mi trong bo^t dong nay. cdn Singapore va Malaysia dang thyc hi?n nhiing budc Ihu nghiem dau tien. E>ang chii y li d cic nudc chau A niy. Chtnh phu ddng \ at ud rii chu dpng trong vi?c thuc day cic chuong trinh cho vzy cd bao dam bing tii sin tri m? nhim t^o dicu ki?n cho cac doanh nghi?p sing t^o trong viec iiep cjn
\dn dc lao l$p vi khai thac tii sin ni tu?.
Sd 03(331) T 2 / 2 0 1 7 _ L A P P H A P l
