I JldSiaHgl P h a t t r i e n (Tiep theo Sd thang 6/2009) Cac doanh nghiep cung cap djch vu logistics
Tai TP. Hd Chi Minh, ed tren 800 doanh nghiep thupc mpi thanh phan kinh te tham gia kinh doanh djch vu giao nhan van tai, ben canh su gdp mat eiia 25 tap doan logistics nude ngoai vdi kha nang eung img djch vu van tai da phuang thi/c trinh dp cao. Su ra ddi ciia hang loat cac cdng ty giao nhan van tai da tao ra ngudn cung phong phii.
Bang 1 - Ty trong u6c tinh cua djch vu logistics trong GDP va he sd co gian
- W '
Djnh hirong phat trien djch tai TP. Hd Chi iVIinh 0en 2015
thue hien mdt vai cdng doan nao dd ciia day chuyen logistics nen hieu qua mang lai khdng cao.
Nam
Ty trpng djch vu logistics va GDP He sd eo gian git/a djch vu logistics va GDP
2004 11,3%
2005 13,2%
2,01
2006 12,4%
0,53
2007 11,3%
0,46 (Ngudn: Tinh toan tir sd lieu Nien giam thdng ke TP. Ho Chi Minh)
Nhiing sd lieu tren cho thay, ty trpng djch vu logistics trong GDP giam dan trong nhiing nam gan day. Tuy nhien, xet ti/ gdc dp khac (he sd co gian giua djch vu logistics va GDP) thi hieu qua ciia finh vuc djch vu logistics dang ed xu hudng tang len.
Mac dii vay, hau hit cac doanh nghiep giao nhan van tai Viet Nam dIu la nhung doanh nghiep nhd va vi/a, tilm luc han che, ehi ed kha nang cung cap cac djch vu logistics dan le nen kha nang canh tranh vdi cac tap doan logistics nude ngoai la ylu. Viec phat triln djch vu logistics ciia eac cdng ty giao nhan van tai TP. Ho Chi Minh tdn tai mdt sd ylu kem:
+ Mang ludi hoat ddng chu ylu bd hep trong thj trudng ndi dja. Viec khai thac ngudn hang hay viec giri va nhan hang tir nude ngoai ve, cac doanh nghiep giao nhan van tai Viet Nam chii ylu thdng qua mdi quan he dai ly vdi cac tap doan logistics qude t l - Day se la mdt trd ngai cho viec phat triln logistics eiia cac cdng ty djnh hudng kinh doanh djch vu logistics toan cau.
+ Chii ylu eung cap djch vu giao nhan van tai truyin thdng: Djch vu giao nhan van tai ndi dja va phan phdi hang;
djch vu giao nhan van tai hang hda xuat nhap khau; dich vu phan loai va ddng gdi bao bi hang hda; djch vu gom hang le;
djch vu kho bai; djch vu dai ly cho cac hang giao nhan va logistics qude t l ; djch vu van tai da phuong thi/c... Nhin chung, kinh doanh djch vu giao nhan van tai da phat triln nhung edn nhilu bat cap: hoat ddng chii yeu mang tinh don le, chua dat mi/e hoan thien, mdi chi' dimg lai d viec
-1- Phan Idn cac edng ty giao nhan van tai eiia Viet Nam dIu cd quy md nhd va vi/a vdi ngudn vdn han che, Trong khi dd, mdt trong nhiing ylu td quan trpng d l phat trien logistics, dac biet la logistics toan cau, la phai ed tilm luc tai chinh de dau tu xay dung he thdng kho tang bin bai, mua sam trang thilt bj, phuang tien van chuyin, dau tu xay dung mang ludi,..
Kho bai eua cac edng ty giao nhan van tai Viet Nam edn nhd, edng nghe lac hau va chua ed kha nang eung cap cac gia trj gia tang cho khach hang, thue su chua du tilm luc de phat trien logistics.
-I- He thdng thdng tin edn lac hau va kem hieu qua (he thdng thdng tin la trai tim cua hoat ddng logistics). Quan trj logistics bao gdm ca quan tri ddng vat ly va ddng thdng tin, nlu thilu mdt trong hai ylu td nay thi chua phai la hoat ddng logistics thuc su. Hien hau hit cac cdng ty giao nhan van tai Viet Nam chii yeu van sir dung he thdng thdng tin truyin thdng (dien thoai, fax, email) de trao ddi thdng tin, giri va nhan chimg tir, rat it cdng ty ed phan mIm chuyen dung hay he thdng thdng tin rieng kit ndi vdi cac ddi tac. Ndi each khac, su kit ndi mang ndi bd ciia doanh nghiep^ vdi ben ngoai de cap nhat, khai thac, kilm tra, giam sat hoat ddng cua doanh nghiep chua thue su trd thanh mdt nghiep vu kinh doanh.
-I- Thilu nhan luc dupe dao tao bai ban v l giao nhan van tai va logistics.
Logistics la mdt ITnh vuc kha mdi me d Viet Nam, vi vay ngudn nhan luc phuc vu Nganh hien edn thilu va ylu. Dpi ngu can bd quan ly hau het da dat trinh dp dai hpc va dang dupe dao tao hoac tai dao tao d l dap img nhu cau quan ly, nhung d hp van ton tai phong each quan ly CLJ, lac
hau, chua thieh img kjp md hinh mdi, chua dupe trang bj toan dien kien thirc ve logistics cung nhu quan trj logistics. Dpi ngu nhan vien nghiep vu tuy da cd bang cap, nhung chua dupe dao lao chuyen sau v l logistics, va hp phai tu nang cao trinh dp. Ddi ngu lao ddng true tilp co trinh dp hpc van thap nen rat mo hd vdi hoat ddng logistics. Cdng viec ciia hp don thuan chi la bde xep, kiem dim, lai xe, giao nhan hang hda...
Bjnh hirang phat Men djch vu logistics tai IP. Hd Chi Minh dai 2015
Quan diem
Djch vu logistics la cdng cu lien kit nhi/ng hoat ddng trong chudi gia trj toan cau (GVG-Global Value Chain). Logistics ed vai trd ngay cang quan trpng trong viec tdi uu hda ehu trinh luu chuyin qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh tir khau dau vao tdi khi hang hda din tay ngudi su dung.
Djch vu logistics hd trp nha quan ly ra quyet djnh chinh xac trong viec giai quyet nhilu bai toan hde biia ve ngudn nguyen lieu eung ung, sd lupng va thdi diem hieu qua de bd sung ngudn nguyen lieu, phuang tien va hanh trinh van tai, dja diem, kho bai chi/a thanh pham, ban thanh pham,...
Logistics ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec dam bao yeu td diing thdi gian- dja diem (just in time) cho cac doanh nghiep tren dja ban TP. Hd Chi Minh nham gia tang nang suat va si/c canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep.
Dinh hudng
Dam bao tdc dp tang trudng cua nganh Djch vu logistics khoang 18- 20%/nam, nhim ddng gdp 15-17% GDP den nam 2015.
Dich vu logistics gdp phan nang eao hieu qua quan ly, giam thilu ehi phi trong qua trinh san xuat, tang cudng sire canh tranh cho doanh nghiep d mi/e khoang 20%. Phat tnIn dich vu logistics se hd trp cac doanh nghiep cung nhu toan bd nen kinhtl qude dan giam dupe chi phi trong chudi logistics, hoan thien va tieu chuan hda chimg tir trong kinh doanh qude te, giiip qua trinh SXKD tinh gian han va dat
2 4 - Tapchi HdnghdiVietNam • 7/2009
IJlJSiaWSIphat t r i e n
VU logistics
ThS. CAO NGOC THANH Vien Nghien euu phat trien TP. HCM hieu qua hon, gdp phan tang sire canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep tren thj trudng.
Logistics phat trien se tang cudng khai thac va md rdng thi trudng thuong mai qude t l . Djch vu logistics cd tac dung nhu chile cau ndi trong viec chuyen djch hang hda tren eac tuyIn dudng mdi den cac thi trudng mdi diing yeu cau v l thdi gian va dja diem dat ra.
Giai phap
Ung dung nhtimg phuong phap quan ly hai quan hien dai, dan gian hda va hai hda hda thu tuc hai quan, nghien ciru ap dung cac chuan mue hai quan qude t l , ddi mdi phuong phap quan ly hai quan tir tiln kiem sang hau kiem; day manh img dung edng nghe thdng tin vao quy trinh nghiep vu, thuc hien thii tuc hai quan dien tir tai Cue Hai quan TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Tilp tuc dau tu phat trien va eung cd he thdng cau cang, kho bai, cang thdng quan ndi dja (ICD); mua sam phuong tien xep dd, van chuyen hang hda trorig cang cung nhu phuong tien van chuyin hang hda ti/ ICD din cang va ngupe lai. Phat triln logistics gan vdi qua trinh phat trien hang hai, vdi su phat triln ciia phuong thi/c van chuyin hang hda bIng contain- er, dap img yeu cau nhanh chdng, an toan va hieu qua. Cac cang can dau tu, hien dai hda d l dii kha nang tilp nhan cac tau container t h i he mdi phii hpp vdi xu hudng phat triln hang hai ciia the gidi.
Thuc day va phat then edng nghe thong tin, chuan trao ddi du lieu dien tir trong thuong mai / khai quan dien tir (EDI) d l tan dung uu t h i ciia cdng nghe thdng tin nham mang lai nang suat lao ddng cao, tilt kiem ehi phi, giam thilu tinh trang tieu cue, gian lan trong thuong mai, xuat nhap khau va hai quan.
Xay dung eac chuang trinh phat triln ngudn nhan luc logistics theo hudng chinh quy, chuyen nghiep. Trong chien lupc dai han, d l nghj Chinh phu va eac eo quan chi/c nang hd trp, tai tro, quan tam trong xay dung va hoach djnh chinh sach ed tinh djnh hudng, lien quan din nganh Logistics, Thuc hien cac van ban dudi Luat nhim hien thuc hda Luat Thuong mai VN 2005 (Chuang v l logistics). Md cac bd mdn va khoa logistics trong cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang kinh t l ngoai
Cdng ty tu van toan cau AT Kearney vi/a cong bd bang xep hang 50 nuoc va vung lanh thd hap dan dau tu nhat the gidi, dua tren nhi/ng yeu to kich thieh va thu hut cdng ty nude ngoai, trong dd Viet Nam da vuat chin bac va lot vao top 10 cua danh sach tren.
thuong, Thuc hien tim kiem cac nguon tai trp trong nude va qude t l cho nhimg ehuong trinh dao tao ngan han trong va ngoai nude, Phdi hpp va tranh thii hpp tac vdi cac td chi/c FIATA, lATA va cac to chi/c phi Chinh phu khac d l tao ngudn kinh phi dao tao thudng xuyen hon.
Xay dung nhung d l an, chuong trinh hd trp doanh nghiep hien dai hoa he thdng thdng tin va quan ly nham gia tan^
nang luc theo ddi hang hoa trong chudi logistics, ciing vdi do la xay dung cac chinh sach dau tu nhim nang eao nang luc quan ly, dieu hanh va kha nang canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep.
Ket luan
Logistics la mdt trong nhiJng hoat ddng rat quan trpng eua nIn kinh t l , 0 mdt mi/c dd nao dd thi day cd the dupe xem nhu la mach mau cua nIn kinh t l . cd tac dung thiic day va rang bude chat che
vdi san xuat, tieu diing va tang trudng kinh t l . Rieng tai TP. Ho Chi Minh, hoat ddng nay cang trd nen can thilt trong giai doan hien nay, giai doan ma nIn kinh t l Viet Nam timg bude hdi nhap sau rdng vdi kinh t l thi gidi, va dan trd thanh mdt mat xich trong chudi gia tri toan cau, Tam quan trpng eiia cac hoat ddng va djch vu logistics khdng chi t h i hien d ban than Nganh, kha nang ddng gdp true tilp gia tri vao nln kinh t l , ma thilt ylu hon la d kha nang hd trp nln kinh t l hoat ddng nang ddng, hieu qua va ed si/c canh tranh hon.
Giai doan ti/ nay den 2015, ITnh vuc logistics can dupe ciing cd, bdi nd khdng chi lien quan din hoat ddng va si/c canh tranh eiia eac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, ma quan trpng hon la tao ra co sd vat chat va ha tang co sd d l ITnh vuc nay cd thi phat tnIn mdt each lanh manh, Hon thi, cung nhu cac dd thi Idn tren thi gidi, TP. Ho Chi Minh co chi/c nang rd ret nhat la mot trung tam luu thdng cua vung kinh t l trpng diem phia Nam va eiia Viet Nam.
Do dd, phat huy vai trd cua he thdng logistics Thanh phd edn cd y nghia phat huy gia tri cua he thdng luu thdng ddi voi san xuat, he thdng dich vy ddi vdi tieu diing, tir do bao dam phat tnen kinh t l cho viing kinh te va ca nuoc •
Tapchi H a n g h d i V i e t N a m • 7 / 2 0 0 9 - 2 5
