NGHIEN CQU THI/C TIEN GlAO DUC
ThUc trang phat trien van hoa nha trUdng d TrUoing Trung hoc phd thong Nguyen Trai, Thanh phd Ho Chi IVIinh
Nguyen Thj Ngpc PhiTdng', Do Dinh Thai^
' Tracing Trung hoc pho ftiong Nguyen Trai So 36-5, (Juang Nguyen Tat Thanh, quSn A.
Thanh pho Ho Chi Mmh, Viet Nam Email' [email protected]
^ Tnicing Ogi hoc Sai Gon S6 273, aUCfng An DUOng VUdng, quan 5, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, Vipt Nam Emaii* thaid([email protected](lu vn
TOM TAT: Xay dung vi phat trien vin hda nhi trUdng li nhiem vg khdng the thiSu irong nha irudng trudc yeu cau ddi mdi can bin, toin dign giio dgc vi dao tao hien nay Dae biet, giao due pho thdng chuan bi ip dung chUdng trinh giio due pho thdng mdi nhan manh phim chit vi ning lUc eua hgc sinh. Bii Viet trinh bay thuc trang phit triSn vin hda nhi trudng d TrUdng Trung hqcphS thdng Nguydn Trai, Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh d cac ndi dung: Phit triSn bau khdng khi, phit trien van hda quin li. phat tnen van hda giing day, phit triSn van hda hgc tap, phit trien vin hda Una xd va phit triSn cinh quan mdi trudng lim cd sd xiy dung kS hoaeh phit trien van hda nhi trddng dip Ung yeu cau dot mdi can bin, toin di$n giao due vi dio t^o.
lis KHOA: Phat trien van hoa; van hoa nhd trifdng; trifdng trung hpc pho Ihong.
• * NhSn bk\ 20/5/2019 4 Nhan ket qua phSn bien v i chinh sila 23/6/2019 - • Duyet dSng 25/7/2019.
1 . Dat v a n d e
Van hoa nha truang (VHNT) la mpt ngi dung quan trpng cua lanh dao va quan li nha truang (NT) nham nang cao chat luang doi ngii. Van hoa (VH) anh huong tich cue den chat lugtig giao due (GD) trong NT. Mat khac, VHNT cung la mot phan ctia chuang trinh dao tao trong NT. Do do, phat
\ trien VHNT la yeu to quan trgng gop phan nang cao chat lucmg nguon nhan lire, thucmg hieu, uy tin cua truang va
> quan trgng han het la dat dugc muc tieu GD.
VH luon ton tai trong ragi hoat dgng ciia NT. VHNT se I giup cho NT th\rc sit tra thanh mgt trung tam VH GD, la nai hgi tu sue m^nh cua tri tue va long nhan ai trong xa hoi, gop phan quan trgng tao nen san pham GD toan dien. Phat trien VHNT noi chung va phat trien VHNT trong Truang Trung hge pho thong (THPT) Nguyen Trai la mgt nhiem vu quan trgng, co y nghTa ve mat ti luan va thuc tien. VHNT CO anh hucmg den mgi thanh vien trong NT, den mgi hoat dgng trong NT, den uy lin va chat lugng dao t^o, lien quan d6n toan bg dcri song vat chat va tinh than ciia mpt NT.
VHNT dugc bieu hien a hau het cac khia canh tii tam nhin, Sli mang, myc tieu, cac gia tri, chuan muc, niem tin, quy t^c ling xii... tao nen gia trj, thuang hieu, net dac tnmg cho mgt NT. Vi vay, NT phai xac djnh tam quan trgng trong vi?c phat tnen VHNT. Phat tnen VHNT can phai dugc nghien cim chuyen sau de dua ra dupe cac bien phap phat triSn VHNT phii hgp. D|c biel, phat irien VHNT can dupe
\cm la mpt ngi dung quan trgng trong hoat dgng GD. la nhiem vy khong the thieu trong cong tac quan li ciia can bg quan li (CBQL) nha tmcmg. Bai viet phan tich thuc t r ^ g phat tri^n VHNT trong Tmcmg THPT Nguyen Trai, lam ca sa xay d ^ g ke hoach phat trien VHNT hi?u qua han.
2. Ndi d u n g n g h i e n cCru 2.1. Mot so khai niem
2.1.1. Khai niem van hoa nha IrUdng trong triicfng trung hoc phd thong
6 phuang Tay, trong thai can hien dai, khai niem VH dugc su dung pho bien de chi trinh dp hgc van, hgc thirc, tri thuc, phep lich su. Do nhu cau phan anh cac hoat dpng xS hgi, khai niem VH dk dugc ma rpng tren nhieu ITnh vgc ciia doi song. 0 phuang Dong, khai ni?m VH dugc ma rgng vao dai song tinh than chi cac phong tuc, tap quan, le hpi, sinh hoat cgng dfing, nhan each, sang tao ngh? thuat. Cho den nay, co nhieu each tiep can VH theo nhiing quan diem khac nhau [1, tr.213].
Tylor (1871) da dua ra mgt dmh nghia vk VH ma den nay van dugc coi la dinh nghTa kinh dien trong lac pham n6i tieng "VH nguyen thiiy", do la "VH la t6 hpp cac tri thuc, nifim tm, nghe thuat, dao due, luat phap, phong tpc vk ckc nkng lire, thoi quen khac ma con ngucri vai tu each la thanh vien cua xa hgi tilp thu dupe" [2]. Chii tich Ho Chi Minh sau khi nghien ciiu cac hien tUf^ng va gia trj VH cr nhieu dan tpc, da di d6n nhan xet: "Vi le sinh t6n ciing nhu muc dich ciia cupe song, loai nguoi mai sang tao vk phiit minh ra ngon ngQ, chu viet, dao dvrc, phap luat, khoa hpc.
ton giao, van hpc, ngh? thuai, nhihig cong cy cho sinh ho?t hang ngay ve mac, o va cac phuang thirc sir dyng Toan bg nhiJTig sang tao va phat minh do tuc la VH. VH la si; tdng hpp cua mgi phuang thuc sinh boat ciing vol bi^u hi?n ciia no ma \oki ngudi dk san sinh ra nham thich iing voi nhihig nhu cau dai song va doi hoi ciia s^r sinh t6n" [31.
Tom lai. VH la san pham ciia loai nguai, VH dupe tao ra va phat trien trong quan h? qua l^i gifta con ngucri \CTI \k hpi. VH dugc tmyen tir thk h? nay sang the h? khac thong qua qua trinh xd hgt hoa VH dirge tai t^o va phat tri^n trong
TAP CHi KHOA HqC GIAO DIJC VlfT NAM
qua trinh hanh dgng va tuong tkc xk hgi ciia eon nguoi. VH la trinh dg phdt triin ciia con nguai va xa hgi, bieu hien trong cac kieu va hinh thiic to chiic dai song, hanh dgng cua con nguai cOng nhu trong gi^ tr; vat chat va tinh than ma con nguoi tao ra. Nhieu tac gia eo nhiing cong trinh nghien ciiu lien quan din VHNT voi each tiep can va nghien cuu khdc nhau.
Jane va Crang (1996) quan niem: "VHNT bao gom cac gia tri, bilu tugng, ni6m tin va su chia se cac quan niem cua hgc sinh (HS), giao vi6n (GV), cha me HS va eac thanh vien CO lien quan nhu la mpt nhom hay cgng dong [4]. Kent va Terrence (2009) dua ra dinh nghia: "VHNT la tap hpp cac chuin muc, gia tri va niem tin, cac nghi le va nghi thiic, cac bieu tupng va tmySn thdng tao ra "ve b8 ngoai" cua Nr[5,tr.8].
Pham Quang Huan (2007) [6, tr.3], Vu Thi Quynh (2016) [7] va D6 Tien Sy (2016) [8] deu co eiing quan niem khi cho rang VHNT la he thong niem tin, gia tri, chuan muc, thoi quen va tmyen thong hinh thanh trong qua trinh phat tnen cua NT.
Tir nhiing dmh nghia tren c6 the nit ra nhung dac diem ca ban Uong dinh nghia VHNT, do la: 1/ VHNT ta mgt tap hgp cac chuSn muc, cac gia tri, niem tin va hanh vi iing xii; 2/ VHNT la nhung net dac tnmg rieng bi?t, tao nen su idiac biet ciia NT vcri cac to chuc khac va sy khac biet giiia tmcmg nay vai tmcmg khac; 3/ VHNT lien quan den toan bp dai song vat chSt, tinh than ciia NT; 4/ VHNT la nhiing gid tri tot d?p duge hinh thanh boi mpt tap the vii dugc moi ca nhan trong NT chap nh^n; 5/ VHNT tot huong toi chuan chat lugng cao.
Tom l?i, VHNT trong tmdng THPT la mgt tap hgp cac chuan myc, cac gia tri, niem tin va h^nh vi iing xu; La nhung net d3c tmng rieng biet, tao nen su khac biet ciia NT vcri cac to chiic khac va su khac biet giua cac tmdng THPT.
VHNT lien quan den loan bg ddi song vat chat, tinh than cua NT la nhiing gia tri tot d?p dugc hinh thanh bdi mgt tap thi, dupe m6i ea nhan trong NT chip nhan va phu hgp vdi liiatuliHSTHPT.
2.1.2. Khai niem phat trien vdn hoa nha triiilng Irong trildng trung hpc pho thong
Theo quan dilm Triet hgc, phat tnln la qua trinh van tfgng tien len td thip din cao, tir don gian din phiic tap, tir kem h o ^ thi^n din ho^n thien ban ciia mpt sg vat. Qua Irinh v$n dpng do diln ra viia dan dkn, viia nhay vpt de dua tdi sy ra ddi ciia cai mdi thay thi cai cii. Su phat triin la ket qua cua qua trinh thay ddi dkn vk lugng dan den su thay doi vS chit, qua trinh diln ra theo dudng xoSn 6c va bet mdi chu ki sy v^t t$p l^i dudng nhu sy vat ban dau nhung d miic (cap dO) cao han.
Thu|t ngO "phat triin" trong nghien cihi bao ham ho^t dpng quan li phat triin VHNT ma chii thi quan li la hipu tnidng tac dpng din cac ho^t dgng trong NT nham bao ton va phSt triin cac gia tri VH, tao nen d^c tnmg ctia VHNT THPT v^ khdc biet vdi cac tmdng THPT khac.
VHNT \k yiu t l quan Ugng trong viec nang eao chat lupng v^ t^o n6n thuong hi?u rieng cho moi NT. Phat triin
VHNT duac hieu la qua trinh kl thira, xay dung va sang tao nen gia tri VH dac tnmg trong NT. Phat triin VHNT khong hoan toan d viec tao nen mgt gia trj VH mdi. Phat triin cdn la kl thira nhirng gia tri VH tich cue phii hop vdi dilu kien hoan canh timg NT, dong thdi ciing loai bo di nhung gia tn tieu cue, khong phii hgp hoac can trd sy phat triin eua NT [9]. Do vay, phat triin VHNT trong tmdng THPT la qua trinh ma chii the quan li (hieu tmdng) thuc hien chirc nang quan li thong qua thuc hien cac hoat dgng tac dpng din cac ngi dung cua VHNT nham ke thira, giir gin va phat huy nhihig gia tri VH tich cue ton tai trong NT, ddng thdi gnip NT phat trien on dinh va dat dugc muc dich GD. Phat triin VHNT trong tmdng THPT la mgt qua trinh lau dai, doi hdi su nd luc ddng gop ciia tat ca cac thanh vien trong NT, trong do nhan manh vai trd di dau ciia hieu tmdng NT.
2.2. ThUc trang phat trien van hoa nha tri/dng dl TriTcIng Trung hoc pho thong Nguyen Trai
2.2.1. Gidi thieu vekhiio sat a. Muc dich khdo sdt
Nghien cuu thuc hien khao sat cac doi tugng khao sat la CB, GV va HS cac khdi 10, U va 12 dl lam sang to thyc trang phat tnln VHNT trong Tmdng THPT Nguyin TrSi.
b. Ngi dung khdo sdt
Nghien cim thuc hien khao sat cac yeu to phat trien VHNT gIm phat trien bau khdng khi, phat trien VH quan li, phat triin VH giang day, phat tnen VH hgc tap, phat tnen VH ling xu va phat trien canh quan moi tmdng.
c Ddi lugng vd mdu khdo sdt
- DSi tugng khao sat bao gom: Can bg (CB), GV va HS Tmdng THPT Nguyin Trai.
- MSu khao sat; Pham vi khong gian nghien ciiu ciia de tai la Tmdng THPT Nguyin Trai, s6 lupng CB, GV va HS dugc chgn khao sat nhu Bang 1.
Ddi vdi GV, tac gia chgn mau phii hgp/ dap ung myc tieu nghien cuu. Ddi vdi HS, tac gia sii dung phucmg phap chgn mSu ngiu nhien phan tang. Vdi ddi tugng CB, GV: Do sd lugng tdng thi nho nen tac gia chpn kich cd mdu la 100%.
Vdi ddi tugng HS: Tae gia chpn kich cd mau vdi dg chinh xac la 95%, sai sd ± 5% theo cdng thiic tinh nhu sau [10]:
N
^(1 + Nxe^)
Vdi n = kich thudc mku; N - s6 lupng tdng thi; e = sai sd tieu chuan
Bdng 1: So lifdng CB, GV va HS (fiTtfc khdo sat thifc trang
Dill t M g khao sat CB, GV HS khoi 10 HS khoi 11 HS khJi 12
So lining long the
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NGHIEN CQU T H U C T I E N G I A O DUC
d Thu thdp vd xie li thdng tin
Tac gia thu thap thdng tin bang each phat phieu khao sat den cae GV, HS theo so lugng mau da chgn. Ngoai ra, tac gia phdng van them ragt sd CB, GV va HS de xac thyc thong tin da thu thap dugc cung nhu lam co sd hieu chinh phieu khao sat. Thong tin sau khi thu thap dugc xii li va phan tich bang cdng cy Excel va SPSS. Ket qua tinh toan do tin cay Cronbach's Alpha cua cac ngi dung dat tren 0,833, trong do mgt so ndi dung cd he sd tuang quan bien tdng <
0,3 da dugc loai bd trong phan tich ket qua.
2.2.2. Ket qud khdo sdf
Ngi dung khao sat gdm phat trien bau khdng khi, phat triin VH quan H, phat Uien VH giang day, phat trien VH hgc tap, phat trien VH iing xir va phat trien canh quan mdi tmdng. Khao sat y kien ciia CB, GV va HS ve mirc dp thuc hien cac ngi dung phat trien VHNT d Tmdng THPT Nguyen Trai dugc thye hien tren thang do Likert fir 1 (Hoan toan khdng ddng y) den 5 (Hoan toan dong y). Trong thdng ke, tac gia viet tat gia tri tmng binh la GTTB va dp lech chuan la DLC.
a. Phdl trien bdu khdng khi
Thyc trang phat trien bau khong khi dugc CB, GV danh gia vdi GTTB tir 3,57 din 4,10. Trong do, ngi dung "Hieu tmdng CO su anh hudng ldn ve phong each, tac phong ddi vdi CB, GV va HS" dugc danh gia cao nhat vdi GTTB la 4,10. Tilp din la npi dung "Td chiic xay dyng va hudng dSn thyc hi^n quy che lam viec cua cac bg phan, td" vdi GTTB 3,99. Cac ngi dung con lai ciia hoat dpng phat trien bSu khdng khi dugc danh gia ddng deu nhung d miic chua cao (xem Bang 2).
g 2 : Y kien CB, GV v e phat trien bau khong khi
Thijc hign phan tich, ddnh gid thiic trang bdu „ „ . ,,_
ktiongkhlNT ^'"^ ^ ' " ' Xdy dyng k l hoach ptidt tn^n bdu ktiong ktii - ^g . „ trong NT.
cdn tinh Uang phu huynh phan anh...." (GVnam. SI tuoi):
"... van cd tmdng hgp GV khong thang than gop y vm NT uong cac budi hgp hoac gap tryc tilp Ban Giam hi?u de trao ddi ma ban tan xdn xao ben ngoai ." iG I ""•- 53 tuoi) vk "... cac ban trong ldp hda ddng, giiip dd nhau trong hpc tap, khi khdng hilu bai, cac ban hpc gidi trong ldp sSn sang hudng din lai,..." (HS khSi 12. nam). Can cir ket qua khao sat cho thdy, hieu tmdng da cd sy anh huong Idn ve phong each, tac phong dii vdi CB, GV va HS. Vi vay. hieu trudng cdn duy tfi va phat huy phong each lanh dao, tac phong hi?n tai. Tuy nhien, NT cdn chii y va quan tam ban vl td chiic xay dyng mdi tmdng cd ki ludt va an toan Uong NT.
b. Phdl triin VH qudn li
Kit qua khao sat CB, GV vl thyc Uang phat triin VH quan li d Bang 3 cd GTTB tu 3,84 din 4,13 tuong dii cao va dong diu d cac ndi dung. Trong do, ndi dung "Xay dyng va duy tri cac hoat ddng tmyIn thdng cua NT' dupe danh gia cao nhit vdi GTTB la 4,13; npi dung "Hi?u tmdng xay dung sir mang, tkm nhin, muc lieu, chien lupc ho^t dpng va tmyIn tai den tat ca cdc thanh vien trong NT" dupe ddnh gia chua cao. Kit qua nay ciing phii hpp vdi nhiing thdng tin thu thap dupe tir cac cuOc trao doi vdi mgt sd CB, GV (xem Bang 3).
Bdng 3: Y kien CB, GV ve phat trien V H qudn li
Hieu tnJdng c6 xdy diing phong cdcti lanh dao . . « . „ n cho CBQL
Hieu tnJflng xdy diing sti mang, t3m nhin, muc
tieu, chien liidc hoat dong vd truyen tdi d i n tat 3,84 1,17 cd cdc thdnh vien trong NT,
C6 k l hogch, t6 chiJc. gidm sdt, kiem tra cdc . . „ . ^^
hoat dong chuyen mon.
Chil dong khai thac vd Idm chu cac thong tin „ „ „ . „ „ tmng vd ngodi NT. "^'^^ ''""^
Td chifc xay difng mfli tnidng co ki ludt va an - „ . . _ todn
To chiic xay dung va hiiflng ddn Jhi/c hien quy ^ gg ^ g ^ c h l lam viec ciia cac bo phdn, to
Hieu tnidng co siJ dnh hiidng Idn ve phong . . _ cdch, tde phong doi vfli CB, GV vd HS
06n d6c, theo ddi. fldnh gid vd ghi nhdn sij ddng g6p cua cd nhdn ve vdn de phat tngn bdu 3.64 khfing khi NT
Ngoai ra, trao doi \ kien \ c \ eu id nay vdi G V \ a HS. hg cho rSng "...khong khi lam \ icc d tmdng kha thoai mai. Ban Giam hieu gan giai, than thi?n \a cdi md \di Ci\'. " rOr nir, 24 tudi): "... mdi tmdng lam viec than thien. thoai mai, tuy nhien ki lu^l cdn dupe chan chinh d mgt sd bp phan. van
Qudn li viec xdy dyng bdu khdng khi NT. 3.99 1.07 Xdy di/ng vd duy tri cdc hoat dong tmydn ttifing . . „ . „ . ciia NT ^•^•^ ' ' " ^ Kiem tra, giam sdt, ddnh gid v l nghi le, nghi
thilc vd tmyen thdng ciia NT. 3,99 0.99
Thong tin trao doi tir CB, GV va HS vl VH quan li:
"... muc tieu. chien lupc hoat dgng cua NT dugc the hi?n trong kl hoach n&m hgc va triin khai din tdt ca CB. G\
vao dau nam hpc,..." (CBQL nam. 55 tudi): "... GV dirpc NT t^o mgi dieu ki?n ve thdi gian \a hd trp mpt phdn kinh phi de hpc tap nang cao uinh dg chuyen mdn, ..."
(GV nir. 32 ludi): " ..sir mang, tam nhin. myc lieu, chiln luge ho^t dpng cua \ T cd nghe dgc qua trong budi hpp dau nam nhung khdng nhd ngi dung cua nd la gi...." (GV nir. 42 tudi) \a ".... da sd thdy co giang bai de hilu, gdn giil vdi HS nen de trao doi vdi th^y cd khi khong hieii bai.
100 T«P CHI KHOA HQC GIAO DIJC VifT NAM
Tuy nhign, cung co mgt so thdy cd rdt kho tinh va nghiem khae,..." (HS khdi 12, nir).
Tu kit qua khao sat va phdn tich danh gia cd the nhan djnh rdng phdt triin VH quan li trong NT dugc thyc hien tit. Tuy nhien, vi?c xay dyng sii mang, tam nhin, muc tieu, chiln luge boat dpng va tmyen tai dSn tat ca cac thanh vien trong NT chua dugc irien khai rpng rai. Vi vay, NT cdn phdt huy VH quan li hi?n tai nhung can phai ddy manh boat dong xdy dung sii mang, tam nhin, mye tieu, chien luge hoat dgng va tmyen tdi den tit ca cac thanh vien trong NT.
c. Phdl tnen VH gidng dgy
Ket qua khao sat CB, GV ve thyc Uang phat trien VH gidng day cd GTTB tir 4,07 den 4,37 la kha cao va ddng deu 6 cac ngi dung. Trong do ngi dung "Hieu tmdng chi dao lap cdc kl hoach gidng day, GD" dupe danh gia cao nhat. Cac noi dung con Iai ciing dugc danh gia cao. Co the thay rang quan li hoat ddng gidng day, hoat dpng GD trong NT duac thuc hien tot (xem Bang 4).
Bdng 4: Y kien CB, GV ve phat trien VH giang day
Hieu tnrdng chi dao lgp cdc ke hoach gidng . „ _ _ , . . day.GD ^ " ^ ' ^ ' ^ ^ Chi d^o gidm sdt qu^ trinh thtfc hien
hoat dgng giang day, GD Vci hoat dotig tii 4,22 0,84 nghien ciJu cua GV.
Td Chile cac hoat dong phong trao de GV
CO cd hgi tham gia Vti phat trien nang lilc 4,07 0,87 chuyan mon.
Oinh ki ki^m tra, danh gid nSng Itfc chuyen
mdn va phim chSt d?o dtfc cua GV mot 4,09 0,88 cdch cong khai.
Ket qud khdo sdt cho thdy, phat trien VH giang day trong NT dugc thyc hien tdt, hieu qua. NT cdn duy tri va phat huy ket qua nay. Tuy nhien, NT cung can chii y td chiic cac hoat dgng phong trao de GV ed ca hdi tham gia va phdt trien nang lyc chuyen mdn de dat ket qua cao ban trong phat trien VH giang dgy.
d. VHhgc tap
Ket qua khao sat CB, GV vl thyc Uang phat trien VH hgc t^p CO GTTB tii 3,99 din 4,25 tuong ddi cao va ding deu d cac ndi dung. Trong do, ngi dung "Xay dyng quy ehe khen thudng, ki luat rd rang, phii hgp lam can cir danh gia, xip loai HS" duoc danh gia cao nhat, kl den la ndi dung
"Hieu tmdng chi dao GV thilt kl bai day phat huy dugc tinh sang tgo, khd nang hgp tac cua HS" ciing dugc danh gid cao (xem Bang 5).
Nhin chung, phdt triin VH hpc tap dugc danh gia kha lot vdi GTTB chung la 4,09. Tuy nhien, NT ciing can quan Iam, chii Upng din npi dung 2 va 3 de cd the phat uien mgnh han n&a ve VH hpc tap frong NT.
Bang 5: Y kien CB, GV ve phat trien VH hoc tap
Hieu tnidng chi dao GV thiet ke bai day phat
huy dUdc tinh sang tao, kha nang hdp tde ciia 4 15 0 94 HS.
Td chitc nhieu tioat dpng GD ve y nghia truyen
thong, ki nang song, dinh hildng gid tri nhdn 3,99 1,03 cdch ngiidi GV de HS duoc trai nghiem.
Chi dao tiing GV quan tam, theo ddi, quan sat
qua trinh hoc tdp va ren luyen ciia HS 0,95 Td Chile nhieu cuoe thi, phong trao thi dua, cac
hoat dong ngoai khda, cac tiet hoc ngoai NT 4,08 0,97 cho HS,
Xay difng quy chd Khen thiidng - Ki luat ro rdng, . ._ - „ phii help lam cdn cil danh gia. xep loai HS.
Day manh phong trdo xd hdi hda GD de huy . . „ „ gg dong diidc nhieu ngudn hoc bong cho HS.
e. Phdt trien VH img xir
VH ling xir trong NT dugc hieu la cac chuan muc mang tinh dao diic, tham mi chi phdi hanh vi ung xu eiia eon ngudi trong moi tmdng hpc dudng dugc the hien qua thai do, ldi ndi, cii chi, hanh dpng,... trong nhirng tinh hudng, hoan canh cu the. VH ting xii co vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi sy phat trien ca nhan va xa hpi. Chinh vi vay, quan tam vd chii trpng din phat tnen VH iing xii trong NT la rdt can thilt. Kit qua khao sat CB, GV vl thyc trang phat trien VH ling xit d Bang 6 cd GTTB tir 3,47 din 4,19. \hin chung, cac ndi dung deu dirpc danh gia khdng cao, trong dd ngi dung 'Thyc hien khao sdt, danh gid lai VH iing xu trong NT" va ngi dung "Lap kl ho^ch, phan cong nhiem vu cho viec phat triin VH iing xir" co GTTB chua cao (xem Bang 6).
Bang 6: Y kien CB, GV ve phat trien VH ufng xtf
Thiic hien khdo sdt danh gid lai VH ting xil trong NT 3,47 1,35 Xdc dmh muc tieu phat trien VH ifng xii trong NT 3,57 1.33 Ldp ke hoach, phdn cong nhiem vu cho viec phdt ^ 5 2 trien VH Lfng xii ^^____ ' Tuyen tmyen vd giang day cho HS ve nhOng quy tde ^ .jg
Lfng xif trong NT ' To chifc smh hoat tap the, hdi thdo chuyen de vd VH g ^ ^ ^ 33
ling xif trong NT cho CB, GV. _^
Td chifc ddnh gid qud trinh ttiiic hien ke hoach phdt ^ g ^ trien VH ifng xif
1.33
Qua uao ddi ^di mgt sd CB. GV cho thdy VH iing \ u trong NT dang cd chilu hudng di xudng. ki luat NT chua nghiem d mpi sd tmdng hop. vdn dl xay ra linh trang phu
Stf19thao9720l9
NGHIEN COru THUC TIEN GlAO DUC
huynh HS phan anh ve thdi dp phue vu khdng tdt ciia NT khi hg den lien he cdng tac. VH img xii giira GV va HS ciing cd nhieu vdn de cdn chin chinh.
Mgt sl thong tin tir CB, GV va HS: "... sau budi hgp phy huynh HS dau nam hgc nhan dugc rdt nhilu phan dnh vk thai dg khdng tit cua GV vdi HS tren ldp hgc,..." (CBQL nam, 55 tuoi): " . can xir li nghiem nhiing bd phJin tiep phu huynh HS khdng tdt, dl xay ra tinh trang phu huynh HS phan dnh nhilu ldn, ..." (GV nir. 32 tudi): "... da phdn HS ngoan, le phep, tuy nhien van co khdng it HS khi gap GV d trong trudng nhung khong bilt chao hdi, mpt sd GV ue mdi ra tmdng khi gap thay cd idn tudi eung khdng bilt chao hdi..." (GVnir, 48 tudi) va "... da sd thdy cd rat than thien, gan gui vdi HS. Tuy nhien, van cd thdy xung hd "may - tao"
vdiWS,..."(HSkh6il!,nif).
Tom lai, VH img xii trong NT cdn nhieu van de gay biic xuc trong CB, GV, HS. Can cii vao cac ngi dung cd GTTB thap de NT cd the xay dyng ke hoach phat trien VH iing xu trong thai gian tdi dat hieu qua cao han, ddng thdi can phai ehan chinh, khac phuc nhung img xu VH tieu eye Uong NT.
/ Phdl Irien cdnh quan moi tru&ng
Tong quan toan canh NT tir cong, hang rao, bang ten tmdng, cac khau hieu, bo tri ldp hgc, phdng lam viec,... deu toat len net VHNT. Neu cdc thanh vien Uong NT chgn cho minh mpt ldi iing xit phii hpp vai nhiing canh quan von cd trong tmdng hgc thi chac chan hp se co the cai bien canh quan trong chimg myc nao dd de nd trd nen hiru ich han ddi vdi boat dpng hgc tap, giang day va cdng viec cua ban thdn (xem Bang 7).
Bang 7: Y kien CB, GV v€ phat trien cdnh quan moi trifdng
Ldp ke hoach phdt trien cdc hoat ddng xdy di/ng . _.
cdnh quan mfli tnidng.
Phdn cdng to chifc. cd nhan tham gia xdy dung „ „ cdnh quan mdi tnidng.
Ody manh xd h0i hda GD a l xdy diing cdnh „ -g
quan mdi trUflng. 0,98
Gidm sdt vd ddnh gid cdc hoat ddng xdy diflig „ „ „
cdnh quan mol trddng. 1,05
chua y thiic tilt kiem nudc. Mpt s6 CB. G\ su dyng cac thiet bi may mdc cua NT nhung khdng cd y thiic bao quan; Tinh trang xa rae bua bai trong khudn vien uirdng hpc van con diln ra. Mpt khi mdi tmdng NT dugc xay dyng va gin gi& tdt thi se dat dugc kit qua cao uong qua trinh sii dyng.
Mdt s6 thdng tin tir GV va HS: "... tmdng cd nhieu cay xanh, san tmdng rgng va dugc che ludi ban che ndng cho HS vui choi, diu nam hoc NT cho son mdi mdt sd ddy phdng hpc, thay thi mgt s6 ban ghi hu hdng. ndi chung co sd vat chdt cd cai Uii?n ..." (GV mm. 48 ludi): "... NT co dap ling du s6 phdng hpc cho HS hpc ngay 2 buoi, bd tri phdng nghi Uua cho HS ban trii, cd phdng nghi Uua cho GV. Tuy nhien, phdng bd mdn chua duoc Uang bi tdt tir ca sd vat chdt din cac thilt hi hd Up day hgc, phdng nhd khong dap ling tilt day thao giang,..." (GVnit, 53 tudi) va "... ldp hpc sau gid ra ve nhilu rae, nha ve sinh khdng sach, y thiic Sli dung cac thiet bi trong nha ve sinh ciia cac ban qua kem, ..:' (HS khdi n. nir).
Can cii vao thyc Uang phat trien canh quan, moi tmdng su pham hien dai va an toan Uong NT, de dat dupe hi^u qud cao thi NT can luu y den nang cao nhdn thirc cho CB, GV va HS Uong each hanh xir vdi canh quan mdi tmdng Uong NT song song vdi vi?c hoan thien h? thdng co sd v^t chat dat chuan theo quy dinh, mdi trudng cdnh quan an todn.
sach dep.
g. Ddnh gid chung ve thuc trgng thuc hien cdc ngi dung Ket qua khao sat y kien cua CB, GV va HS ve miic dp thyc hien cde ndi dung phdt trien VHNT duge th6 hien d Bang 8. Ddi vdi CB, GV, GTTB timg ndi dung cho thay, ngi dung "phdt trien VH gidng dsiy" dugc ddnh gid eao nhdt vdi GTTB la 4,13. Tiep tiep la npi dung "phat trien VH hpc tap" vdi GTTB 4,09 va npi dung "phat trien VH qudn li" vdi GTTB 4,01. "Phat triin VH iing xii" dupe ddnh gid chua cao vdi GTTB 3,65. Qua kit qua phan tich vl thyc trang thyc hien cac npi dung phat Uiln VHNT eho thay hifu tmdng NT can dac biet quan tam chii y day manh vi$c phat trien VH iing xir, ddng thdi ciing cdn quan tam chu y phdt trien bdu khong khi va phat triin canh quan mdi tmdng dl phdt triin VHNT (xem Bang 8).
Bdng 8: Y kien ve miiic do thuc hien cdc noi dung phdt trien VHNT
Bang 7 md ta y kien cua CB, GV ve phdt trien cdnh quan mdi tmdng cho thdy GTTB chi d mirc tuong ddi tu 3,85 den 3.98 va dong deu d cdc ndi dung. Qua ket qua khao sat va thdng tin Uao doi eho thay, van de ve y thiic, nhan thire ciia cac thanh vien Uong vi?c ddi xu vdi canh quan mdi tmdng chua eao.
Trao doi y kiln vdi mgt sd CB. GV va HS cho biet nhiing ndm gin day, NT da trien khai nhieu hoat dpng nhdm cai thi?n va phat trien canh quan mdi tmdng. Ca sd vat chat d ^ ling tuong ddi tdt cho hogt dgng d?y va hpc. Tuy nhien, each hanh xir \ di mdi tmdng canh quan ciia NT can dugc chan chinh: Mpt sd HS vin chua cd y thuc giO: gin tai san chung.
Nol dung phat Iricn VHNT
K10 K11 K12 3 khoi I.BSu khong kill
2. VH quin II 3. VH giing djy 4. VH hqc tjp 5 VH Ilng xi) 6, Cinti quan mol
(Chu Ihich:
tn/Ong KW:
3.80 4,01 4.19 4.09 3.65 3,92 Khdi 10:
3.75 3,57 3,86 3,56 3.92 3,50
3.57 3.6S 3,62 3,50 3.45 3,37 KH: Khdi 11.
3,12 3.28 3,15 2,97 3,08 2,80 A / J
3.49 3.51 3.56 3.35 3.50 3.23 Khdi 12) 102 TAP CHI KHOA HQC GIAO Dgc VIET NAM
Kit qua danh gia ciia HS 3 khdi ldp cho thdy HS khdi 10 ddnh gia cac ndi dung cao hon HS khdi 11, H S khdi 12 danh gid thdp nhdt. Trong dd, npi dung "cdnh quan mdi t m d n g "
c6 GTTB thdp d ca 3 khdi Idp. Npi dung " V H hgc t a p " cung duoc ddnh chua cao.
Nhin chung, k i t qud ddnh gia timg ndi dung ciia C B , G V cao han k i t qua danh gia ciia HS. Trong khi C B , G V danh gid cao npi dung 3, 4 vd ddnh c h u a cao n^i dung 1, 5. HS ddnh gia cao nOi dung 3 va danh chua cao ngi dung 4, 6.
Dieu ndy ciing cd the hieu, d gdc nhin cua cac em H S , cac em chua hai Idng va mong mudn cao h o n ve "phat trien V H hgc tap", "phat trien canh quan mdi t m d n g " , the hien sy quan tam cua cac em HS ddi vdi nhiing ndi dung nay. Ddi vdi CB, GV, hoat ddng day va hgc la boat ddng quan Upng nhdt, cdn dugc uu tien nhat trong NT vd vdi nhiing gi N T da vd dang thyc hipn dupe C B , GV ddnh gia cao h a n , the hien su quan tdm nhieu hon so vdi cac npi dung cdn lai.
3. Ket iuan
Qua khdo sat thyc Uang v l V H N T va phat triin V H N T Uong T m d n g THPT N g u y i n Trai, cd t h i thdy nhan thirc v l van d l phat trien V H N T cua cac thanh vien da cd nhung chua ddng deu, thdng nhat. K i t qua t h i n g ke mo ta chimg td cac boat dpng phat triin V H N T dupe cdc thanh vien Uong nhd t m d n g quan tam va cd gdng thye hien ciing vdi hoat dpng day hpc, hoat ddng GD. Tuy nhien, qua nghien cuu, thu thap thong tin va phan tich k i t qua khdo sat cho thay phat trien V H N T chua t h i hien ro net, co he thdng, cd tinh chuyen de chuyen sau. Thuc trang thyc hien cac boat ddng phat trien V H N T dupe ddnh gia khdng cao. Tuy nhien, nhdn dinh cac gia tri VH hien tai Uong nha tmdng, phat trien VH iing xir va phat trien canh quan mdi t m d n g la nhiing van de can d u g c quan tam nhilu han.
Tfli li^u tham khao
[1] Nguyen Dye Quang, (2010), Gido due gid tri vdn hoa truyen thong cho hgc sinh Irong nhd trudng, Vien Khoa hoc Gido dye Viet Nam, tt.213 -214.
[2] Tylor E. B, (1871), Primitive culture, Michigan University Press.
[3] H 6 Chl Minh, (1995), Todn tap. Tap 3, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia.
[4] Tnrdng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Noi, (2007), Hgi thdo khoa hgc "Xdy dgng vdn hda hgc duang - Gidi phdp ndng cao chdt lugng gido due trong nhd tru&ng". Ha Ngi.
[5] Kent D. Peterson - Tenence E. Deal, (2009), The Shaping School Culture Fieldbook, 2nd Edition.
[6] Pham Quang Huan, (2007), Vdn hoa td chicc, hinh thai cot loi ciia vdn hoa nhd tnr&ng, Bao cao Khoa hgc dang tren Ki yiu H^i thao VSn hoa hoc dudng do Vien Nghien CIIU Su ph^m, Trudng Dai hoc Su ph^m Hd N$i.
[7] Vu Thi Quynh, (2016), Ddn chii hoa - Yiu l6 cdn bdn trong xdy dtrng vdn hoa nhd irudng. Tap chi Khoa hpc Giao due, s6 131, fr. 47 - 49.
[8] Do Tien Sy, (2016), Phdt triin ndng luc nhd gido trong xdy dgng vdn hoa nhd truang. Tap chi Quan li Giao due (83), tr. 12-14.
[9] VaThi Quynh, (2017), Thgc trgng qudn li phdt tnen vdn hoa nhd irudng a cdc trudng cao ddng su pham viing Dong hdng Song Hong, Tap chi Khoa hgc Giao due, so
139, tr 9 0 - 9 5 .
[ i 0] Ph^m van Quylt - Nguyin Quy Thanh, (2001). Phuang phdp nghiin ciru xa hoi hoc, NXB Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Ngi
SCHOOL CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NGUYEN TRAI HIGH SCHOOL, HO CHI MINH CITY
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phuong', Do Dinh ThaP
' Nguyen Trai Higti School No 364, Nguyen Tat Tfianfi Street, [district 4, Ho|tiiMiitti City, Vietnam Gn^' iiguyenphuongq4@gmaii com 'SaiGonUniveisity
f)o 273, An Duong Vuong Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minfi City. Vietnam Emaii, [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Several school culture concepts such as E. B. Tyler's, JaneTurner S Carolyn Crang's, Kent D. Peterson and Terrence E. Deal's ones have been mentioned and followed by the school cultural development concepts. This wod<
has paid the attention on school cultural development factors, including cultural environment, management culture, teaching culture, learning culture and behavioral culture. The investigation has been done on students, teachers and administrative staffs at Nguyen Trai High school, Hochiminh City. The findings are used for the suggestion on the improving school cultural development in general context.
KEYWORDS: Cultural development; school culture; high school.
S(f 19 thdng 7/2019
