NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
Khai thac cac the manh de phat trien du lich b^n vung tai cac tinh duyen hai Nam Trung Bo
Nguy§n van Nam Ddng Qtiaag Vinh Trirong Cao dang GTVT TW V - Da NSng
Khu vyc duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd cd tmyen thdng van hda dac sde, eon ngudi than thign va dupc thign nhign UU dai nhieu danh lam thdng ednh. Trong nhting nam qua, nhtrng tigm nang nay da dupe cae dia phupng khai thae dg phat trien du Ijeh. Tuy nhign, do nhigu nguygn nhan khde nhau, edc tigm nang du lich d day nhin ehung chua dupe khai thae higu qua va mdt so tmdng hpp cdn de Igi nhung hau qua nang ne cho mdi trudng sinh thai, de dpa pha vd canh quan... Bai viet nay gdp phdn lim hieu nhtrng van de chung ve du lich ben vting; eac tigm nang, the manh ve du lieh eua khu vye duyen hai Nam Tmng Bd va eae giai phdp co bdn nhdm khai thac ed hidu qua cdc tiem nang do nhdm phye vy phat trign du Ijeh bgn vtrng.
I.Datvande
Viet Nam ndi ehung va khu vye duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd ndi rigng cd nhieu tiem nang de phat trien du hch. Nhiing nam gan day, nhd ehinh sach ddi mdi, md eiia, hdi nhap qude te eua Dang va Nha nude, nganh du lich cae dia phucmg vung kinh tg duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd ed budc phat trign ddng ke, gdp phan quan trpng vao phat tridn kinh le-xa hdi cua eae dja phuong. Tuy nhien, tai nhigu didn dan kinh tg, eac nha khoa hpc, eae nha quan ly va chinh quyen eae dia phuong tren deu khdng dinh. sy phat trign va ddng gdp cua du hch vao sy phat trien kinh te-xa hdi cua dja phuong la chua tuong xirng vdi tigm nang to Idn ciia nd. Bgn canh do, sy phdt trien theo phong trao, ehgy dua ve thanh tich, ve sd lupng...da dd lai nhirng hau qua nghigm trpng eho mdi trudng sinh thai, pha vd eanh quan va tham chi cdn de dpa ddn an ninh qude phdng. Tir thye te dd, vige nghien ctiu, tim ra cac the mgnh ve du lieh va dinh hudng phat trien du lieh ben vung khu vye Duyen hai Nam Tmng Bd la viec lam rat cdn thig't.
2. Nhung van de ly luan ve du Ijch ben vimg Du lieh duoc xem la nganh "cdng nghigp khdng khdi", da va dang mang lai nhung nguon loi to Idn eho eae qud'c gia. Vi vay, phai trien du lich la dinh hudng Idn, mang tinh ehign lupc ciia mdi nude bong qua trinh phat trien kinh te-xa hdi. Tuy nhign, viec khai thac cae ngudn lue, dae biet la cac ngudn lye tu tu nhign mdt each khdng hop Iy de phyc vu chp du Iich da de lai nhtrng hau qud nang ne cho mdi tnrdng. Tu nhung bue thig't dd, nhung thap nien cudi eua the ky XX, the gidi da ddn chuygn sang phdt trign du Ijeh theo hudng bgn vung hay cdn gpi la du hch ben vimg.
9 2 K I N H TS C H A U A - T H A I B I N H D U O N G [ T H A N B 11 / ZD T 9
Du Ijch bgn viing la mdt quan ni^m mdi dupe hinh thanh nhdm dg edp ddn viec gidm thieu anh hudng tai hgi den mdi trudng va xa hdi do du Ijeh mang lai. Khai nigm nay la sy tiep ndi cua khai niem phat trign bgn viing tu nam 1992. Theo dd, du lieh ben vtrng la du Ijch giam thieu cac chi phi va nang eao tdi da eae lpi ich eda du lich cho mdi trudng thien nhidn va cong ddng dia phupng, va cd the dupe thye hien lau dai nhung khdng anh hudng xdu dgn nguon sinh thai ma du lieh phu thude vao. Mang ludi Td chuc Du Ijch The gidi eda Lign Hpp Qude (United Nation Worid Tourism Organization NebA'ork - UNWTO) chi ra rdng du Iich bgn vting edn phai: (l)Vgmdi tn.rdng:Su dung tdt nhdt cde tai nguygn mdi trudng ddng vai trd chu yeu trong phdt trien du Ijch, duy tri qua binh sinh thai thiet yg'u, gidp duy tri di san thign nhien va da dang sinh hpc ty nhign. (2)Vg xa hOi va van hda; Tdn Irpng linh tmng thye ve xa hpi va van hda cua cde edng ddng dja phuong, bao tdn di san van hda va cac gia tri tmyen thdng da dupe xdy dyng va dang sdng ddng, ddng gdp vao su hieu bigt va ehia sg lign van hda. (3)Ve kinh tg: Bao dam su hogl ddng kinh te ton tgi lau dai, cung cap nhtmg loi ich kinh te xa hdi tdi tdt cd nhdng ngudi hudng Ipi va dupc phan bo mpt each edng bdng, bao gdm ea nhdng nghg nghiep va co hdi thu Ipi nhuan 6n djnh va cac dieh vy xa hdi cho cac cong ddng dja phuong va ddng gdp vao vide xda ddi giam ngheo. Phdt trign du lieh ben vtrng Igo ra eae eo hdi trong tuong lai, dupe phan anh d ba mat: bgn vung ve kinh te, ben vung ve xa hgi, ben vung vg mdi tnrdng.
Ben vdng vg mat kinh te trong du hch ehinh la vige dat dupe edc ehi tigu kinh tg d hien tai nhu lupng khaeh den, thdi gian luu Igi eua khaeh, mtrc dp ehi tigu cua khach anh hirdng dg'n doanh thu, muc thu nhap ma ngudi dan dia phuong dupe thu hirdng tu
hpgt ddng du lieh d hien tai ma van tao co hpi dat dupfc cdc chi ligu kinh te trong tuong lai. Sy ben vtrng vg kinh te edn bigu hien qua vige duy tri vd tang trudng hpp ly cae ehi tigu kinh tg qua eae Uidi ky.
Ben vting ve van hda, tue la khdng gay hai den edc edu true xa hdi ho$e van hoa eua edng ddng noi ma chung dupc thye hign. Thay vap dp thi nd lai tdn trpng van hod va tmygn thdng dja phuong. Khuyen khieh ede bgn lign quan (edc ed nhan, cdng ddng, nha dieu hanh tour va quan ly chinh quygn) Irong tdt ea cac gicii dogn eua vige lap ke hogch, phat trien va giam sat, gido dye eac bgn lign quan vg vai trd cua hp.
Ben viing ve mdi trudng vdi myc tieu giu gin va bao ve tai nguygn de giam thigu rdi ddn dgn loai bd nhting tdc ddng tigu cyc buy hoai mdi trudng, qua dd tai nguygn dupc gid d dang nguyen so cang lau cang tdt.
Bgn vdng vg mdi trudng la dieu kign dg nang eao gia tri tai nguygn, nang cao kha nang thu hdt kinh doanh du hch, gia tang ehdt lupng eudc sdng edng ddng dan eu.
Trpng 3 mue Udu trgn, vige bap vg mdi trudng dupc xem la nhiem vy trpng tam nhdt trong phat trign ben vting du Iich.
3. Tiem nang phat trien du ijch hen virng vung duyen hai Nam Trung Bg
Duygn hai Nam tmng bd (DHNTB) la mdt khu vyc rdng Idn thudc Mign Tmng cua Vigt Nam. Day la khu vye cd nhieu tidm nang de phat trien kinh td xa hdi ndi chung va dac bi$t la tigm nang dd phat trign du Iich bgn viing. Nhin chung, thg manh de phdt trien du Ijeh bgn vtrng eua khu vyc nay la:
- The manh vd vi tri dia Iy, tu nhign: Vung DHNTB gdm 8 tinh/thanh phd vdi dien tich 49.409,7 km2 chigm 14,93% dien tich ca nude. Tai nguydn du Ijch bign dupc xem la lpi the chung eda vung vdi tdng chieu dai bd bien ciia vting la 1.430 km, chiem 43,8%
bd bign cd nude, cung vdi cae bai bien dep, la digm dgn ua thieh eua du khaeh bong va ngoai nude.
Vung DHNTB cd vi tri thuan loi de phdt trign kinh te xa hpi ndi chung va du Iich ndi rieng: Phia Bde giap vdi vung kinh td Bdc tmng bd, phia Tay giap danh vdi Tdy nguygn va Campuehia, phia Ddng la vung bien dao rpng Idn va phia Nam giap vdi Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh va Tam gide kinh td trpng diem Nam Bp; noi day cting la ciia ngd cua Tay nguygn, cua dudng xuygn A ra bign ndi vdi dudng hang hai qude tg sdm udt...
- Thg mgnh ve ha tdng giap thdng: Khu vyc nay ed san bay qude te Da Nang-mpt trong ba edng hang khdng qude tg Idn nhdt nude va eae san bay ndi dia quan trpng nhu Phu Cat (Binh Dinh), Cam Ranh (Khanh Hda), Phu Ygn... eung tuyg'n Qud'c Id IA va dudng sdt ehgy dpc. Vg dudng bign, duygn hai Nam tmng bd cd nhigu edng bien Idn tgo ngn he thdng edng bign phyc vu phat trign kinh lg, du lich cua vung.
- Thg manh vg tigm lye phat trign kinh tg: DHNTB
la tmng tam kinh te-xa cua Mign Tmng-Tay Nguygn.
cac dia phupng nhu Da Ndng, Quang Nam, Qudng Ngai... ddu cd CO cau kinh te kha hign dai, co sd ha tdng kha va dac bigt cdn la noi cd nhigu khu kinh te md nhu Chu Lai (Quang Nam), Dung Qudt (Quang Ngai), Nhon HOi (Binh Dinh) va khu edng nghg eao Da Ndng. Trong nhung nam qua, kinh te cua khu vuc nay ludn phat trign dn dinh, la diem den hdp ddn cua cac nha ddu lu trong va ngoai nude, trong dd du lich edng la mpt thg mgnh trong thu hut ddu lu so vdi cae khu vye khac trong ca nude.
- Thg mgnh vg tai nguygn du lieh nhan van: Vung DHNTB cd he thdng tai nguygn du lich nhan van d^c ddo thd hidn qua edc di tieh lieh sd - van hda, kign tnie nghg thuat, khao co; eae le hpi van hda dan gian; ca mua nhac; dm thye; lang nghe thu cdng tmyen thdng;
cac bap tang va ep sd van hda nghg thuat; yeu td cpn ngudi va bdn sde van hda dan tde. Trong eae ngn van hda tai vting dat nay, ndi bat la cae gia tri van hda ChamPa ddc sae va van hda cdng ddng dan eu ven bign da dgng, phong phd.
Lg hdi van hda dan gian; Vdng DHNTB sd hOu nhting ndt van hda bidn da dgng, phong phd, the hign qua ddi sdng tam Iinh ciia nhan dan. Trong dd phai kg dgn Id Cdu ngu, lg hpi edng ea Ong, lg hdi Nghinh Ong (thdn cavoi)...
Lang nghg thu cdng tmyen thdng: Nghe thd cdng tmyen thd'ng d vung DHNTB cd Ijch su phat Irien tii lau ddi tren hdu hgt cac dja phuong trong Vung va da dua ra thj tmdng nhieu san phdm khdng chi ndi danh trong nude ma ca nude ngoai. Cac lang nghg tidu bigu cd gia tri khai thac du Ijch nhu: da Non Nude, nude mdm Nam 0 (Da Ndng); gdm Thanh Ha, ddng Phudc Kieu, lya Ma Chau, ddn Idng Hdi An, mdc Kim Bong, rau Tra Que (Quang Nam)...
cac bao tang: Vung DHNTB la noi cd nhdng bao tang ddc dao, mang dae trung vting mign va luu tru nhung cd vat la linh hoa van hda nghe thuat, Ijch sd cua khu vyc ed gia tri tham quan, nghign ciiu, lim higu. Vi du nhu Bao tang nghe thuat didu khde Cham, bao tang van hda Sa Huynh, bao tang Quang Tmng...
Tuy nhign, bgn cgnh nhtmg tiem nang, the manh, viec phat trign du lich ben vimg khu vye duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd eung gap nhung khd khan:
Hieu qua boat dpng kinh doanh du Ijeh khu DHNTB chua tupng ximg vdi tiem nang, ipi the cung nhu ky vpng dgt ra. Du Ijch khu vung DHNTB thdi gian qua chu ygu phdt trien theo chigu rdng, thdng qua viee khai thae thd eac tai nguygn du hch va thu hut vd'n ddu tu vao phat trign hg thd'ng co sd luu tni, san phdm du lieh kha don digu va tning lap d nhieu dja phuong, thieu djeh vu di kem, hgn che ve co sd vdt chat ky Ihugt du lich, giao thdng, phuong tien van chuyen khach du Ijeh. Nhidu dia ban ed tdi nguygn du Ijch hap ddn nhung chua dupc ddu tu tuong xiing vdi tigm
NGHIEN c u u
RESESRCH
nang du lich, mOt sd tigm nang du Iich sinh thai quy gid bi de dpa bdi viec trign khai nhieu dy an phdt tridn cdng nghigp, nghi dudng, thuy dign nhu tai Da Ndng, Qudng Nam, Binh Thuat...
4. Mot SO giai phap
Dg khai thac cd hieu qua cac tiem nang, thg thgnh phye vy cho phat trign du Ijeh ben vdng khu vye nay, can thuc hien mpt sp gidi phdp sau:
Mdt la, day manh cdng tac nghien cthi, dieu tra eo ban cac dieu kign ty nhien, tai nguygn va mdi trudng trong khu vyc; xac lap luan eu khoa hpc de tang cudng quan ly nha nude, phat huy tiem nang, Ipi the ve didu kign ty nhign, dae bigt la tai nguyen bign, vung ven bien va hai dao. Bdn cgnh dd, nghign eiiu, khao sat va quang ba ve cac di san ve van hda, Ijch su cung la vige lam quan trpng nham kgt hpp hai hda gida lpi thg ve ty nhign vdi lpi thd vg van hda phye vy phat trign du Ijeh ben vimg.
Hai la, phat trien ben vtrng du Ijch bign dao. Phat trign du Ijeh bidn, dao mdt each bdn vimg d khu vue DHNTB ddi hdi phai quan ly tdt ea cdc dgng tai nguygn mdt each ehat ehg, khoa hoc dd ed the dap iing cac nhu edu kinh tg, xa hdi va thdm my trong khi vdn duy tri duoc ban sac van hoa, cac qua trinh sinh thdi eo ban, da dgng sinh hpc va cae hg dam bao sy sdng.
Ba la, thye hien lign ket vting trong phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ndi ehung va trong phat trign du Ijeh ndi rigng. cac dia phuong trong vung cdn cd sy phdi hpp chat ehg nhdm trap ddi kinh nghigm, thdng tin ve thi tnrdng du Ijch, cdc ke hogch hpp tae dg va hinh thanh eae tpur du tjch mdi, tgo ra cdc sdn phdm du hch da dgng va dde ddo; phdi hpp td chiic xue tien du Ijch d tai edc nude trong khu vyc va trgn thg gidi.
Bdn la, dao tgo va phat trign ngudn nhan Iyc. Giai phdp nay duoc coi Id nhan td cdt Idi eda cua sy thanh cdng eho phat trien du lich bgn vting. Trong digu kign eda eae Unh eua khu vye duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd, viec dao tgo ngudn nhan lye eho phat trien du lich ben vung la gidi phap viia cap bach, vtra lau dai nhdm timg budc nang cao bleu qua cua du lich bgn virungx vung DHNTB.
Nam la, thye hign td't edng tde quy hogch phdt trign du hch. Tren eo sd quy hogch phdt trien du Ijch vung duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd cua Thd tudng Chinh phu tgi Quyet dinh sd 2350/QD-TTg ngay 24/12/2014 vg "Quy hoach tdng the phat trien du Hch vung duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd den nam 2020, tam nhin ddn nam 2030" eae dja phuong phai cu the hda, xay dung djnh hudng, kg hogch thye hien dg trien khai dung tidn dp.
Sau la, tang cudng hop tde qude tg trong lign kgt phdt trign du lich bgn vung. Md hinh phdt trign du lich bgn vting da dupc cdc nude trgn thg gidi trign khai thye hign, dac biet la nhung qud'c gia ed ben kinh te phdt trign. Do vay, eae dja phuong vting duygn hai
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Nam Tmng Bd cdn ddy manh quan hg hqrp tac qude te ve nhieu linh vyc nhung trude mdt cdn tang cudng lidn kgt vdi cdc nude ve kinh nghiem quan Iy phat trign du hch bgn vting dg tii do xac dinh hudng di phu hpp.
Bay la, bao ve bgn vting tai nguygn, mdi tmdng phyc vy phat bign du lich bgn viing.
5. Ket luan
Duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd la khu vuc cd nhieu tiem nang, thg mgnh dg phdt trign du hch ben vdng. Dg nhung tiem nang dd trd thanh ngudn Iyc phye vy higu qua cho sy phat trign kinh te-xa hdi ndi chung va du lieh bgn vung ndi ridng, ddi hdi sy nd lye to Idn eua cae dia phuong eung nhu vai trd digu tidt vT md cua Nha nude. Yeu td khdng thg thigu de thdc ddy sy phat trign cua du Ijch bdn vtrng vdng duygn hai Nam Tmng Bd chinh la xae djnh dupe eae tigm nang, thg manh cua minh, ddng thdi cd cdc giai phap phu hpp dg khai thae, sii dung cac tiem nang dd mdt each hieu qua, bgn vtrng./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Trdn Qudi (2015) Phdt tridn du lieh vdng duygn hdi Nam Trung Bd: Lay bign, ddo lam mui nhpn, http://phuyentourism.gov.vn/print/phat-trien-du-lich- vung-duyen-hai-nam-trung-bo-lay-bien-dao-lam-mui- nhon-5452.html
Ha Van Sigu, Dao Duy Tuan (2012), Quy hogch phdt trign du Ijch cdc tinh duygn bai mien Trung bong lign kgt phdt trign vung, Vien Nghign ciiu Phdt trign kinh te xa hpl Da Ndng, http://dised.danang.gov.vn/LinkCliek.aspx7fiIetick- et=aiJieC5CT%2FM%3D&tabid=70
Quygt djnh sd 2350/QD-TTg ngay 24/12/2014 eda Thd tudng Chinh phu ve "Quy hogch tdng thg phdt trien du hch vting Duyen hai Nam Tmng Bd dgn nam 2020, tdm nhin den nam 2030"
Sd van hda The thao va Du Iich thanh phd Da Ndng (2011), Chuong trinh phat tridn du hch thanh phd Da Nang giai doan 2011-2015
Co hdi va thaeh thue cho phat trign du lieh mign Tmng va Tay nguyen, bao Thira Thien Hue, ngay 18/02/2019 tai: https://thuathienhue.gov.vn/vl- vn/Chinh-sach-moi/tid/Co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-cho- p h a t - t r i e n - d u - l i e h - m i e n - T r u n g - v a - T a y - nguyen/eid/2BEA0540-FCA4-4F8I-99F2-6E8848DC5F2F
Hdi nghj phdt trign du hch mign Tmng - Tay
Nguygn, ngay 16/2/2019, http://vpcp.ehinhphu.vn/Home/Thu-tuong-du-Hoi-
n g h i - p h a t - t r i e n - d u - l i c h - m i e n - T r u n g - - T a y - Nguyen/20I92/25488.vgp
