Thifc trang viec thiet ke bai tap phan bac trong day hpc phan hoa d cac triToing tieu hpc thanh phd Ha Npi
VuTtiuHang Oai fipc Thij do Ha Noi SGDilflng Quang Ham, Cau Gi^y, Ma Ngi. Viet Nam Email, vttiang@!iaihDcthudo,edu,vn
TOM TAT: Hidn nay, tai cic trudng tieu hoc d Viet Nam, viec ap dung day hoc phan hda da ngiy cang phit trien vi dUdc thuc hien mpt so hinh thUc khic nhau, mpt trong sodd la bii tip phan bic Tuy nhien, thUc trang ciJa viec thiit kibai tap phan bac trong day hgc phan hda d tiiu hgc hien nay chua dat kit qui nhu mong muon. Tren cdsd phan tfch nghien cUu td308 can bp quan Ifva giio vien cua 6 trddng tiiu hgc tai thinh pho Ha Ndi, tic gii rut ra mdt so kit luan ve thuc trang cua viec thiit ke bii tap phan bac trong day hgc phan hda d tiiu hgc vi dua ra mpt so kinh nghiem cua quoc ti nhu nhung gpi md nham tang cudng hieu qui cua quy trinh thiit ki dang bai tip nay trong thdi gian tdi.
TLl KHOA: TtiUc trang; ttiiet ke bai tap phan bac; day hgc phan liba; tieu hpc.
"J- Nhan bai 14/8/2019 -^ NMn ket qua phan bien va chinh siia 17/9/2019 Duyet daig 25/11/2019
1. Bat van de
Trong qua trinh day hoc, bai tap la mgt phuong ti6n quan trong gop phan thuc hien tot npi dung co ban cua nguyen li giao due "/foe di ddi v&i hdnh, li lugn gan lien vdi thuc lien", dong then boi duong hiing thu, hinh thanh va phat trien cac nang lire hoc tap cho hpc sinh (HS), gop phan nang cao chat luong giao due - dao tao dap iing nhn cau ciia muc tieu giao duc.Vi viy, thiet ke va sii dung mpt he thong bai tap phan bac (BTPB) da dang va hieu qua trong day hoc la van de dac biet quan trpng. Tuy nhien, !am the nao de co mot he thong bai tap hay, hap dan thi hien nay con it dupe ban t6i. Thuc te hien nay, nhan thiic ciia giao vien (GV) a cac trutmg tieu hgc ve tam quan trgng cua he thong BTPB ra sao, hp da thiet ke va van dung cac BTPB nhu the nao trong qua trinh day hgc de phu hgp vai su da dang ciia doi tirgng HS trong mpt lop hpc, hp gap nhiing kho khan gi trong cac qua trinh thikt kk va sir dung, , Tu nhiing li do tren, chiing toi nhan thay rang, viec nghien cuu thirc trang la vo ciing can thiet nham dua ra nhiing giai phap tich cue VOI muc dich ho trp GV trong viec nang cao chat lupng day hoc trong nha trucmg ti^u hpc.
2. Noi dung nghien eu'U 2.1. PhUdng phap nghien ciiu
De tim hieu thuc trang viec thiet ke BTPB ciia GV tieu hoc thanh pho Ha Ngi, chiing toi da phoi hop cac phuong phap nghien ciiu: Dieu tra, quan sat, phan tich, tong ket kinh nghiem va lay y kikn chuyen gia, sau do, sii dung phuong phap thong ke toan hpc de xu li cac kef qua khao sat, Chung loi da £ien hanh khao sat bing phieu dieu tra 18 can bp quan h' (CBQL), 30 GV turcmg kh6i va 256 GV true tifip giang
% a 06 trudng tilu hpc tren dia ban Ha Npi vk thirc trang viec thiit k6 BTPB ciia GV tiiu hgc. K6t qua nghien ctiu cho thiy nhu sau:
2.2. Thuc trang nhan thilc cua giao vien ve bai tap phan bac trong day hoc phan hoa ci tieu hoc
a. Thuc trgng nhgn thiec cua GVve bdn chdt ciia BTPB Bk khao sat thuc trang nhan thiic cua GV ve BTPB trong day hpc phan hoa a tieu hgc, chiing toi da dua ra 04 each tiep can khac nhau ve ban chat ciia BTPB de cac CBQL va GV lua chgn 01 trong 04 each tiep can ma minh thay phu hgp nhat,
- Cach tiSp can 1: "BTPB la mpt ki thuat trong day hpc phan hoa nham phan chia to trinh dp hpc tap ciia HS de to chiic day hpc cho phu hpp",
- Cach tlip can 2- "BTPB la bai tap duac thiit ki tai cac cdp dp phiic tap khac nhau dua theo miic dp sin sang ciia HS".
- Cach tiip can 3: "BTPB la cac nhiem vu song song o cac miic do khac nhau cua su phiic tap, dp sau va sir tniu tupTig voi cac miic do khac nhau ciia su h6 trg hoae dinh huong",
- Cach tlip can 4: "BTPB la hinh thiic cung cap phuang phap day hpc phii hop hon giua HS va nhu ckn ca nhan cua cac em".
Kit qua khao sat dupc thi hien 6 Bang 1 (xem Bang 1):
Bing kinh nghiem giang day v6n co, ti le CBQL hieu diing ban chSt cua BTPB - theo each tiip can 1 r§t cao la 87,5% " 93,8%. D6i voi GV da co tham nien trong nghe, chung toi tin ring trong qua trinh day hgc, it nhieu hg da sii dung din BTPB, tuy nhien chua ggi thanh ten mpt each chinh xae. Trong khi do, cac each tilp can 2 va 3 diu co mpt s6 it CBQL va GV lua chgn 6 miic tir 2 - 4% cho thay viec hiiu chua diing vi ban chkt cua BTPB vcri nhumg khai niem mang tinh trial tupng, khong dl de phan biet mpt each tuang minh. Voi 5 GV lua chpn phuang an ' T kien khac:
Cd 4 phuang dn trin diu dung", chiing toi da true tiip phong vkn va hp da cho ring dii la kT thuat bay hinh thiie di phan chia theo trinh dp hoc tap cua HS thi cung deu la lira chpn dung, Thyc ti, BTPB la phuang tien ciia GV nham
So 23 thang 11/2019 10^
NGHIEN C l / U THUC TI^N GIAO DUC
Bang 1: Nhan thUc cua GV ve ban chat ciia BTPB
wii^^MMSim »g TlenDiMng CaOetrimna ^..^
r
CB QL
GV
Cach tiep can 1 Cach tiep can 2 Cach tiep cSn 3 Cach tiep can 4 Cach tiep can 1 Cach ti^p can 2 Cach tiep can 3 Cach tiep can 4 Y kien khac
SL 8 0 0 0 32 1 1 0 0
(%}
100%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
94,1%
2,9%
2,9%
0,0%
0,0%
SL 8 0 0 0 36 2 1 1 0
{'•
»
100%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
90,0%
5,0%
2,5%
2,5%
0,0%
SL 8 0 0 0 46 1 2 1 0
TL
(%)
100%
0,0%
0,0%
0,0%
92,0%
2,0%
4,0%
2,0%
0,0%
SL 7 1 0 0 32 3 2 1 1
TL
(%)
87,5%
12,5%
0,0%
0,0%
82,1%
7,7%
5,1%
2,6%
2,6%
SL 7 0 1 0 35 2 2 2 3
TL
(%>
87,5%
0,0%
12,5%
0,0%
79,5%
4,5%
4,5%
4,5%
6,8%
SL 7 1 0 0 41 3 3 1 1
TL
(%)
87,5%
12,5%
0,0%
0,0%
83,7%
6,1%
6,1%
2,0%
2,0%
SL 45 2 1 0 222 12 11 6 5
(%1
93,8%
4,2%
2,1%
0,0%
86,7%
4,7%
4,3%
2,3%
2,0%
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 muc dich Cling co bai hpc dong thai phan hoa ro doi tupng
ve trinh do nhan thuc eiia HS, tir do GV danh gia va dieu chinh trong qua trinh day hpc tiep theo,
b. Thuc trgng nhgn thirc eua GVve muc dich ciia BTPB trong dgy hpc phdn hda
Tir goe dp ciia li luan day hpc, muc dich chung ciia viec sir dung he thong BTPB la GV dua ra nhiing bai tap vai nhirng miic dp phiic tap tang dan nham phan hoa ro trinh dp nhan thuc cua nguai hpc. Dong thoi, qua viec thuc hien cac nhiem vu dugc giao dua vao cac kinh nghiem va von kien thiie san co, ngudi hpe dupc ren luyen va phat trien cac nang lire tu hpc, tu duy de giai quyet van de mgt each chii dgng va sang tao.
De khao sat nhan thiic cua GV vi muc dich ciia BTPB trong day hpc phan hoa, chiing toi da dua ra 07 tac dung Clia BTPB de CBQL va GV lua chon theo cac miic dp quan trpng cua moi tae dung. KJii xii U s6 lieu, chiing toi da lupng hoa thanh diem doi voi cac miic dp (Khong quan trgng: 1 di6ra; It quan trpng: 2 diem; Binh thuang: 3 diim;
Quan trpng: 4 diem; Rat quan trgng: 5 diim) va liy gia tri trung binh (GTTB) cua cac miic dg ay. Qua bang 2, chiing toi nhan thay:
Bdi vdi CBQL:
+ "Phdn hda rd han trinh dp nhdn thuc ciia HS" dupe coi la mue dich quan trgng nhat eiia BTPB - duoc danh gia tren mirc Quan trgng (vai GTTB la 4,02 diem).
H- Vi tri thii hai va thii ba ve mue dp quan trpng la "Ren luyen nang lire gidi quyit vdn di. sdng tgo vd khd ndng Idm viec ddc lap" vd "Phii hop v&i ddi tirgng ciia HS". Mirc do quan trpng ciia hai muc dich tren co GTTB ngang nhau nhung chi cao hon muc Binh thuong (lan lupt la 3,38 va 3.08 diim). Day la ket qua rat dong nhat tai ca 06 truong,
+ Ket qua tren day cho thay cac CBQL da co nhiing hieu biit diing vi muc dich sii dung BTPB trong qua trinh day hpc.
110 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Boi v&i GV:
+ "Phdn hda ro hon tiinh dp nhgn thirc ciia HS" cung dugc eoi la muc dieh quan trgng nhat cua BTPB - dugc danh gia tren miic Quan trong (vai GTTB la 4,05 diem),
+ Vi tri thii hai v6 miie dp quan trpng la ''Ren luyen ndng luc gidi quyet vdn di, sdng tgo vd khd nang ldm viec dpc lap" nhung voi GTTB tuong duong miic Quan trpng (la 4,00 diem) - nhan duoc danh gia cao hon nhom CBQL.
+ Ciing tucmg tu thit tu danh gia ciia nhom CBQL, "Phii hgp vai ddi tupng ciia HS'^ duoc xep vj tri thir ba ve miic do quan trpng (voi GTTB la 3,71 diem).
+ Muc dich "Kich thich hung thu. dpng ca hgc tap cho HS" dupc xep thir tu da cho thay GV cQng rat coi trgng viec tao hiing thii cho HS trong qua Irinh day hpc.
+ "GVdugc bpc Id trinh do chuyen mdn vd ndng luc su phgm bdn thdn " la muc dich dupe xep cuoi cimg trong bang ket qua miic dp quan trgng cua eae muc dich. Diiu nay cho thay, theo quan diim cua GV, BTPB khong phai nhim muc dich GV the hien, boc 16 ban than minh ma chi mong muin viee xay dung cac bai tap phii hpp vol HS, nang cao ch4t lupng day hgc, dugc huong nhimg diiu tdt dep nhit tai nha truang - day la mgt diiu rit nhan van va phii hpp vai danh gia Clia nhom CBQL.
Tir nhflng nhan xet va phan ticli tren, ta co thi nhan thiy ro cac CBQL cung nhu GV true tiip dimg lop co'nhung nhan thue dung dan ve muc dich ciia BTPB Do chinh la nhiing yeu to thuan lgi trong cong cupc d6i moi nhim dap O-ng muc tieu day hgc trong chuong trinh giao due ph6 thong hien nay.
2.3. Thitc ttang cia .iec thiet ke bai tap cua giao .iSn t,.ng
ilay hoc ti tieu hpc ^ a. ThifC irgng nhan Ihuc cua GV vi mm do auan irons
ciia cac yeu 10 khi ihiet ke BTPB ' * Qua bang kat qua khao sat ve ban chSt cung nhu m rt- i, cua BTPB, doi ngu CBQL cung OV true tiSp dungTop'ffl
]
J ll I I 11 J I ! I I I
2: Nhan thtic ciia GV ve muc l i c h ciia BTPB
Vu Tfiu Hang
Nsllia m\ Oai ';• Ulil Tien Ca06 i Dich Yen 2? """a " " " I " " S
Ptian il6a ro tidn trinii Oo ntian ttiOc cOa HS Phu ildp vOi doi tiidng tiS Dap Ling muc tieu day tioc
GV diidc boc lii trinii do chuyen mOn va nang lUc su pham
" bin than
KIch thich hOng ihu, filing cfl hoc tap cho i t s Ren luyen nang IUc giai quyet van de, sang tao va kha nang lam viec doc lap
Tao nen mol trUdng hoc tap tich CUc Phan hOa to hon trinh do nhan thOc ciia HS Phu hap vdl doi tUCng HS Dap Ling muc tieu day hoc
GV fiudc hoc lo trinh do chuyen mOn va nang luc sii pham Py ban than
KIch thich hUng thu, dong CO hoc tap cho HS Ren luyen nang luc glal quyet van de, sang tao va kha nang lam vlec fioc lap
Tao nen moi iniflng hoc tap tich ciic
4,25 3,13 2,63
2,38 2,63
3,88 2,88 4,12 3,71 2,88
2,26 3,18 3,88 2,62
4,13 3,13 2,75
2,50 2,75
3,50 2,75 4,30 3,73 2,90
2,40 3,38 3,98 2,70
4,13 2,88 2,63 2,88 2,88
3,25 2,88 4,28 3,64 2,86
2,50 3,32 4,06 2,72
4,13 2,88 2,50 2,63 2,88
3,38 2.88 3,92 3,54 2,95 2,18 3,33 4,23 2,85
4,25 3,13 2,63 2,50 3,00
3,13 3,00 3,86 4,07 2,84
2,18 3,39 3,91 2,48
3,14 3,38 2,88 2,88
3,25 3,13 2,75 3,84 3,59 4,08 2,37 3,37 3,92 2,69
4,02 3,08 2,67 2,63
2,90 3,38 2,85 4,05 3,71 3,11 2,32
3,33 4,00 2,68
1 3 6 7 4 2 5 1 3 5 7 4 2 6
CO nhiing nhan thiic diing dan ve van de tren. Thuc te, GV trong qua trinh giang day da sir dung va it nhieu ciing thiet ke BTPB theo kinh nghiem ban than trong mpt so tartmg hop nhat dinh (thiet ke de kiem tra giiia ki, cuoi ki, cuoi nam.,.).
Vay de thay dupc mirc dp nhan thiic ciia GV ve cac yen to anh huong den qua trinh thiet ke bai tap ciing nhu danh gia cua hp ve vai tro cua cac yeu to lien quan den viec thiet ke, Chiing toi da dua ra cau hoi "Khi xdy dung BTPB, Thdy (Co) thuang can cir vdo yiu td ndo du&i ddy? " va 07 yeu to khi thiit ki BTPB di CBQL va GV lua chgn theo cac mirc dp quan trpng ciia m6i yiu t6. Klii xir li so lieu, chiing toi dit lirpng hoa thanh diem doi vdi cac miic dp (Khong quan trpng: 1 diem; It quan trgng: 2 diim; Binh thuang: 3 diem;
Quan trpng: 4 diim; RSt quan trpng: 5 diim) va liy GTTB Clia cac mirc dp ay. Va ket qua thu dugc nhu sau-
Bii v&i CBQL:
Yeu to "Ndng luc chuyen mdn eua GV" dupc quan tam hang dkn (voi GTTB tren miic Quan trgng la 4,17 dilm).
Ca 06 tnrong deu c6 mgt su thong nhat cao khi lira chpn miic diim danh gia tir 4,00 - 4,38 diim,
Nhom CO miic do quan trpng thii hai la cac yiu to "Trinh So nhgn thuc cua HS", "Muc tiiu dgy hgc " vd "Ndi dung fiQctgp",
Ve CO ban, dpi ngii CBQL khi xip "Ndng luc chuyen mdn
Clia GV" ten vi tri hang dau cho th§y nhan thire dung dan vi eon ngudi trong sir nghiep giao due. Khi tSm nhin ciia hp COI trpng yeu to con ngudi, nhat dinh se dau tu, trau doi nang luc, phSm chit cho dpi ngii GV bdi hp da nhan thuc vai trd quan trpng cua ngudi thay, Macxim Gorki eo cau ndi: "Niu ngu&i cong nhdn tgo ra mdt sdn phdm loi, anh ta ed thi bo di de Id lgi Nhung neu ngu&i thdy tgo ra sdn phdm tdi, diiu do cd nghia anh la da ldm hdng mot thi hi ".
Ddi vdi GV:
HSu hit GV chpn "Muc tieu dgy hoc" ien miic do quan trpng dau tien (vdi GTTB tren mti'c Quan trgng la 4,15 diim), Sau do, mdi din "Trinh do nhgn thiec ciia HS" va
"Nhu cdu (nguyen vgng) cuaHS". Day la diem khac biet ro ret so vdi each danh gia cua nhdm CBQL,
Diiu nay cho thdy, tu duy ckn phai hoan thanh trong cong viec giang day dupc GV coi trpng, Trong xu the hien nay, cac thuat ngii- "dgy hpe hucmg vdo nguai hoc", "lay HS ldm trung tdm ", hay "day^ hoc theo dinh hu&ng phat triin ndng luc cho HS " , co thi khac nhau vi mat cau tir, nhung ngi ham ciia chung cd nghTa Urang ddng, co nghia la day hgc liy HS lam tam diim, Khi GV lap ke hoach hay thiet ki bai tap vdi muc tieu khac nhau, dircmg nhien cac hoat dgng, bai tap se thuc hien nhim dat dugc mgc tieu di ra Vi vay, khi GV xae dinh muc tieu cho minh de day se hoan toan khac vdi GV xae dinh muc tieu cho HS di thiet ki hoat
S623tfiang11/2019 i l l
NGHIEN CU^U THl/CTIEN GlAO DUC
Bang 3: Nhan thiic cua GV ve mijfc ffp quan trpng cua cac yeu to khi thiet ke BTPB
Trinh ffo nhan thilc ciia HS Nhu c l u (HQuyen vong) cua HS Phong each hoc tap ciia HS CB QL NOI dung hoc tap
Ket qua kiem tra, flanh gia
Nang li/c chuygn mon ciia GV Trinh do rhan thflc cfla HS Nhu cau (nguyen vong; 1 ciia Phong each hoc tap ciia HS No! dung hoc tap Ket qua kiem tra, danti gia Muc tieu dayhpc
HS
Tao nen moi tnlcing hoc tap tich cilc 3,53 2,74 2,94 2,74 4,12 3,29
3,70 2,88 2,98 2.88 4,08 3,55
3.74 2,80 3,08 2,86 4,14 3,56
3,44 2,87 3,05 2,77 4,10 3,36
3,70 2,84 3,07 2,73 4,25 3,43
3,71 2,88 2,90 2,84 4,18 3,29
3,65 2,84 3.00 2.80 4,15 3,42
3 6 5 7 1 4
BSng 4: Nhan thulc cua GV ve quy trinh thiet ke BTPB trong qua trinh day hpc
OT fflcu Ita
CB QL va GV
Cac bii&a cDa quy trinh thi^tkc
B u d d -Xae flinh muc tieu bai hoc Bfldc 2 - Phan bai HS Bfldc 3-Xae dinh trong tam va thiet l<e bai lap Bfldc 4 - Thflc hanh cho HS iam bai
Nghia Oo SL
33 34 32 31
TL
78,6%
81,0%
76,2%
73,8%
Mai Dich SL
36 36 34 35
TL
(%)
75,0%
75,0%
70,8%
72,9%
Oai Yen
•SI TL
^^ (%)
45 77,65 TT. Oong Anh SL
; 36
46 79,3% 37 44 75,9% 35
46 79,3% 34 TL
(%)
76,6%
78,7%
74,5%
72,3%
Viet Hiing T i l n O M g SL
39 39 37 38
[;, -
75,0% 42 75,0% 43
71,2% 41
73,1% 42 TL
(%)
73,7%
75,4%
71,9%
73,7%
Ca 06 trMng SL T'-
231 76,0%
235 77,3%
223 73,4%
226 74,3%
Bfldc 5 - Kiem tra,
34 81,0% 38 79,2% 47 81,0% 36 76,6% 40 76,9% 47 12,5% 242 79,6^
Bfldc 6 - Rut kinh
nghiem 18 42,9% 21 43,8% 26 44,8% 19 40,4% 19 36,5% 21 36,8%
dpng. Diiu nay chi diln ra hieu qua khi va chi khi GV quan rdt nhiiu quy trinh thue hien khac nhau. Nhin chun2 ca doi tam va hiiu vi dii Urong HS ciia minh. ngii CBQL va GV diu chua dua ra dii va dung quy trinh b. Thirc trgng nhdn thirc ciia GV vi quy trinh thiit ki thiet ki duai goe dp li luan day hoc. Chung toi da thine BTPB trong qua trinh day hgc ke cac buac chuih iheo thu tu duoc s6 dong CBOL va GV Khi dieu tra thue trang nhan thirc ciia GV ve quy trinh lira chgn, dua vao quy trinh tliiit ki BTPB nhu tron R ' thiit ki bai tap ma hp da timg diuc hien theo kmh nghiem 4 sau:
ban than, chiing toi da dua ra dap an ma va da nhan duoe Ket qua thuc trang eho thay rang: Hien nay cac ih^
112 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Bang 5: Miic (6 kho khan cua GV khi Ihiet ke BTPB trang qua Irinh day hoc
".I Cac yeu td gay khn khan cho GV khi thiol
Nghia Mai fiai flo Dich Yen
Viet Tien Ca 06 Hiing Diiang Milng
Thieu ttifli gian Hflat ntiieu cong sflc ciiuan bj Si so HS dOng
^P Ktio qutin li lap tioc QL v^ Kti6 ttieo doi va danti gia sfl tien bo
Nguon tai ligu hfldng dan tian che cOa tflng HS
Gic cau hot. bai tap kbd thiet ke vdl nhigu doi tfldng HS
4,17 3,69 4.00 2.90 2,98 3.31
3.76 4.17 3.35 3,92 2,98 2,75 3,35
3,71 4,22 3.57 4.03 3.02 3.02 3.48
3.86 4.06 3.51 3,72 2,81 2,74 3,32
3,96 4,17 3,52 3,77 2,92 2,77 3,27
4,02 4,04 3,49 3,89 2,98 2,95 3,40
4,05 4,14 3.52 3.89 2.94 2.87 3.36
3.90 1 4 3 6 7 5 2
dang thiit ki cac bai tap hoan toan dua vao kinh nghigm ca ahan va cac bai tap nham phue vu eho muc dich ciing co, khde sau kien thuc ciia bai hoc.
c. Thue trgng muc dp khd khdn cua GVkhi thiet ke BTPB trong qud trinh dgy hgc
Di khao sat nhan thuc cua GV ve miic dp kho khan thirong gjp phai khi thiit ki BTPB trong qua trinh day hpc, chimg toi da dua ra 07 yeu t6 gay kho khan thucmg gap nhSt di CBQL va GV lua chpn theo cac mirc dp kho khan cua mfli yen to. Khi xir U so lieu, toi da luang hoa thanh diem dii vai cac muc do (Khong kho khan: 1 diem; It kho khan:
2 diim; Binh thuang: 3 diim; Kho khan: 4 diim; Rat kho khan: 5 diem) va lay GTTB cua cac mirc dp ay.
Kit qua khao sat trong bang tren day cho thay, kho khan Ion nhat ciia GV hien nay trong viec thiet ke BTPB chinh la yeu to "Thiiu th&i gian " (tren mirc Kho khan vod GTTB la 4,14 diem). Ca 06 truang diu chpn day la yeu t i gay kho khan so mpt.
Cac yeu to gay kho khan thu hai la: "Cdc cdu hdi, bdi tdp kho thiet ki v&i nhiiu ddi tugng" \k "ST sd HS dong" {lan luot la 3,90 va 3,89 diim). "Si so HS ddng" chinh la sir lua chon kho khan thu hai d6i voi cac GV ciia 03 truang NghTa Do, Mai Dich va Dai Yen; cac GV ciia 03 trucmg con lai thi lai gap kho khan voi viec "Cdc cdu hdi, bdi tdp kho thiit ki v&i nhieu ddi tirgng HS ". Khi phong vkn true tiep cac G V, lig cung cho biet r^ng thuc ti trong qua trinh day hpc, ho ciing thiet ke them bai tap theo kinh nghiem cua ban than dua theo muc tieu cua bai hpc de phuc vu cho nhiing gio
3. Ket luan
Sau khi hoan tat cong viec dieu tra ve thuc trang cua viec thiet ke va sir dung BTPB trong day hpc phan hoa, chiing toi xm dua ra mpt so ket luan nhu sau:
Ve ca ban, dpi ngii CBQL va GV tiiu hpc co nhan thirc
diing ve ban chat va muc dich cua viec su dung ve BTPB trong day hpc a tieu hpc. Day la nen tang quan trpng nhat quyit dinh su thanh bai trong viec day manh ap dung BTPB trong qua trinh day hpc a tieu hpc.Tuy nhien, viec xay dung bai tap di phii hp^ vai doi tuang HS trong lap, dii doi vdi nhieu GV van chua phai la mot cong viec thuang xuyen, duac tiin hanh mot each bai ban va klioa hpc thi kho khan loti nhit cua GV la quy thoi gian do qua nhieu cong viec phai hoan thanh tir hi sa so sach, giao an bai day.... rii bai toan vi s6 lupng HS trong mpt lap qua dong ciing khiin GV vo ciing gap kho khan trong viec thiet ke bai tap phii hop.
Vi vay, di khic phuc phan nao nhiing yeu to tren, chiing toi dua ra mgt s6 phuang an nham muc dich nang cao hieu qua cua viec thiit ki BTPB trong qua trinh day hoc nham phat huy nang lire va pham chat ciia HS:
- Cac ckp quan li ckn co nhan thiic diing dan ve doi moi, van dung phuang phap day hpc tich cue ciing nhu vai tro Clia BTPB di tir do dpng vien, khuyen khich, tao dieu kien thuan lgi nhdt cho GV thiit ki va su dung trong day hgc cac mon hpc.
- can t6 chtic cac dpt b6i duong dinh ki va thuang xuyen cho GV, trang bi cho GV dky dix ca so li luan di thiit ke he th6ng BTPB hieu qua.
- Khuyin kliich GV tim toi, nghien cihi, viit sang kien kinh nghiem vi each thiit ki he thong BTPB.
- Giam ganh nang h6 sa, s6 sach b^ng each giam thiiu nhimg h6 so, s6 sach, triing lap va ching cheo de danh thai gian vii'a tang cirdng bSi duang chuyen mon nghiep vu cho GV vira giiip GV co thi tap trung dkn tu dung miic voi cac ho sa, s6 sach quan trpng cho cong tac giang day va quan li ciia GV ma he thing BTPB la mpt trong s6 do.
- Diiu tu, bii duong cho GV nhung kien thiic cSn thiet, thiit thuc vi cong nghe thong tin di phat huy kha nang tu hpc cua GV truac nhimg nguon tn thiic da dang, phong phu hien co trong nuac ciing nhu tren the giai.
So23tiiang11/2019 113
NGHIEN CUU THUC TIEN GIAO DUC
Tii liSu tham khao
[1] Bemd Meier - Nguyin Van Cucmg (dich), (2016), Liluan dgy hoc hien dgi - Mgt so vdn de ve doi m&i phuong phdp dgy hoc. Ha Npi, NXB E)ai hoc Su pham, H^ Npi.
[2] Lam Quang Thiep, (2010), Do hr&ng trong gido due: Li thuyet vd ung dung. Ha Noi, NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi
[3] Thomas Armstrong - Le Quang Long (djch), (2011), £"13 Iri lue Irong ldp hoc, NXB Giao due Viet Nam.
[4] Vircng Ly Linh, (2001), Trdc hrgng gido due, NXB Dai hoc Sir phara Hoa Dong
[5] Allen, L., Forsten, C ; Hollas, B., Nickelsen, L., Rise, L. & Shackleford, M., (2008), Differentiated Instruction. Theory into Practice for Grades K-8. New Hampshire, US: Staff Development for Educator
Heacox, D., (2002), Differentiating Instruction in the Regular Classroom: How to Reach and Teach All Learners: Grades 3-12 Minneapolis, US: Free Spirit Publishing.
Miller M.D.; Linn R.L. & Gronlund G.E., (2009), Measurement and Assessment in Teaching. New jersey, US: Pearson Education.
Pierce, R.L. & Adams, CM., (2004), Tiered Lessons:
One Way to Differentiate Mathematics Instruction, Gifted Child Today, 27, 58-86.
Rossi PH.; Wright J.D. & Anderson, A.B., (1983), Handbook of Survey Research, New York, US: Academies Press
THE REALITY OF DESIGNING TIERED ASSIGNMENTS
IN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION AT PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN HANOI
Vu Thu Hang Hanoi Metropolitan University 98 Duong Ouang Ham, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Email [email protected]
ABSTRACT: In primary schools in Vietnam today, the application of differentiated Instruction has been implemented in a number of different forms, one of which IS the tiered assignments. However, the reality of designing tiered assignments in differentiated instruction in primary education has not achieved the desired results. Based on the analysis of research from 308 managers and teachers of 6 primary schools in Hanoi, the author draws some conclusions about the reality of designing tiered assignments in differentiated instruction in primary education and presents some international experiences to enhance the efficiency of these assignment design process in the future.
KEYWORDS: Reality; designing tiered assignments; differentiated instruction; primary education.
114 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
