HGHIEH a j V , XAY DOHG VA KF DUNG PHAP LUAl
NHITNG KIEN GIAI LAP PHAP CU THE VE CHE DjNH TOI PHAM TRONG CHUONG II D U T H A O PHAN CHUNG BO LUAT HINH SU (SU^A DOI)
LE VAN CAM BINH HOANG QUANG**
1. Mdt so ini diem cua che dinh toi pham trong Dur thdo Ph^n chung Bg Iuat Hinh syt (siJra doi)
Vide nghien ciiu cdc quy dinh ve tdi pham hong Dy thdo Phdn chung Bd ludt Hinh su (sira ddi) ngay 21/8/2014 (sau ddy ggi tdt Id Dy thdo II) cho thay 3 uu diem ldn co y ngbia khoa hpe ~ thyc tien rat quan trpng, dugc ghi nhan trong vide tiep tye hoan thien vd nhdn dao hda phap ludt hinh sy (PLHS) Viet Nam; dd la, lan ddu tidn, kd tir khi ban hdnh Bd ludt Hinh su (BLHS) nam 1985, nhd ldm ludt da:
Mpt Id, tach chd dir^ phdn logi tpi phgm (PLTP) ra khdi Didu 8 "Khdi niem tpi phgm"
dd xay dyng thanh mdt Dieu doe lap (Didu 11 mdi).
Hai Id, tach eac quy dinh vd nhiing trudng hgp khong phdi Id tpi phgm (nhu: Sy kidn bat ngd, phdng vd chinh ddng, tinh the cap thidt,...) hong Chuong III mdi "Tpiphgm" ra khdi Chuong nay de ghi nhan ehung trong mdt Chuong dgc lap mdi Chuong IV
"Nhimg trudng hap logi trie tinh chdt tpi phgm cua hdnh vi".
Ba Id, phi tgi pham boa hodn todn banh vi che gidu tpi phgm (Phuang dn 1 khoan 2 Didu 21 mdi) vd khong to gidc tpi phgm (khoan 2 Didu 22 mdi) ebo nhau cua nhiing ngudi Ibdn
thich gan (nhu: Ung ba - ehau, cha me - eon, vg - chdng, anb - ehi - em rudt).
2. Cac lu^n chiing d@ hodn thidn chd dinh tdi pham trong D n thao Phan chung phap luat hinh su Vidt Nam
Tuy nhidn, ben eanh eac uu diem ldn hen day ciing cdn phdi thang than chi ra rang, cac quy dinh cua Chuong III (mdi) "Tdi pham"
tiong Die thdo 11 (vdn nhu trong BLHS nam 1999 hien hanh) cdn the hidn mgt sd kbiem khuyet hen 3 binh dien (lap phap, khoa bpc va thyc tien) vi d cae mirc dp khdc nhau vdn chua bdo dam dupe mdt loat tieu chi bat budc tdi tbidu ciia cac quy pham phdp ludt hinh su nhu: Chua chinh xac vd mat khoa hgc (1), ehua chat che vd mat ky thuat lap phap (2) hoae ehua nhdt qudn ve mat logic phap ly (3), ma eu thd Id:
2.1. Vd hinh thuc, mac du Chuong III mdi cd ten gpi la "Tpiphgm" hie Id cdn phdi vd chi nen ghi nhan cac chd dinh va cdc quy pham PLHS nao phai that gan hoac ciing lam la ed lien quan vdi hanh vi bi eoi Id "tdi
* Giao sw, Tien si khoa hoc, Giam doc Trung tam Toi pham hoc & Luat hinh sir, Khoa Luat trirc thuoc Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Noi
** Thac sT, Giang vien Truung Dai hoc Kiim sat Ha Noi.
5620(thang10/2014)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 2 9
NGHlfiM CUU. XAY DDUG VA AP DUNG PHAP UTAT
pham" hay co tinh chdt "tpi pham" nhu:
Loi, cdc giai doan thye hien tdi pham, ddng pham,...; nhung rdt tide la hong Chucmg nay lai ghi nhdn ca ehe dinb nho hoan toan khdng the bi coi Id "tdi pham" nhu: Sy kidn bdt ngd.
2.2. Khdi niem tpiphgm (khoan 1 Didu 10 mdi): Van cdn mdt loat nhugc didm quan hgng ehua khac phuc duge da tdn tai hong BLHS nam 1985 hude ddy va BLHS nam 1999 bien banh nhu: 1) Cdc khach the loai ma tpi pham xdm hai den van edn hdt ke rat ddi (nhung vdn edn thieu) va ciing chua nhat quan (chua ddng nhat) vdi cdc khach thd loai md BLHS co nhiem vu phai bao ve tai Didu 1; 2) Trong dieu Iuat vd khdi niem tpi pham md lai bao gdm cd hdnh vi dugc nha Iam luat cho rang "khdng phai la tpi pham" (khodn 2 Didu 10). Ddng thdi, ciing ndn bd sung thdm khodn 2 ve hanh vi nhu the ndo tbi bi quy dinh la tdi pham hong phdp ludt hinh su.
2. 3. Che dinh phdn logi tpiphgm (PLTP):
Mac dli da duge taeh thanh mpt dieu dpc lap khoi Dieu vd khai niem tdi pham, nhung rat tide Id Du thdo II khi PLTP dd khdng su dung hiet de nguyen tac phdn hda va ca the hda TNHS vi chua sir dung hinh thiie ldi dd the hidn ro ban nguydn tac nhdn dao cua luat hinh su hong giai doan xay dyng nhd nudc phap quyen bang each loai trir loi vd y hong vide thuc hidn 2 loai tdi nang sau (rat nghiem hpng vd dac bidt nghiem hgng), ed nghia Id can phdi quy dinh tdi pham dugc thyc hidn do ldi ed y mdi thude 2 loai tdi nay.
2.4. Che dinh da (nhieu) tpi phgm: Mae du den nay d cac miic do khac nhau da cd nhirng gidi tbich thong nhdt eiia thuc tidn xet xu, nhung chd dinh ndy van con thieu mgt loat dinb nghia phdp ly (DNPL) quan trgng dd tao didu kien thuan lgi eho cde co quan
bao ve phap ludt (BVPL) vd Tda dn hong thyc tidn dp dung PLHS nhu; The ndo la
"pham tdi nhidu lan" ? hodc the nao la "pham nhidu tdi" ?, hong kbi "pham tdi nhidu ldn"
vdn duge Dy thao II quy dinh Id tinh tidt tang nang hach nhiem hinh sy (TNHS) ehung (diem "g" khoan 1 Didu 53 mdi) vd "pham nhieu tpi" vdn dugc nhae ddn khi quy dinh ve quydt dinb hinh phat (Didu 56 mdi), ma le ra nha lam ludt nudc ta cd the ghi nhan duge eac DNPL ridng ve cae khdi niem ndy.
2.5. Che dinh tdi phgm vdn con chua ca thd boa triet de kbi chua dua ra cdc dau hi^u phap ly cho dang tai pham dac bidt nguy hiem de gop phan cd thd hda va phan boa TNHS tdi da eho thuc tidn dp dyng PLHS.
Mat khac, tai pham nguy hiem ehang qua eiing chi id mdt dang trong 3 dang ridng bidt la tai pham (1), tai pham nguy hiem (2) va tai pham dac biet nguy hidm (3) va thudc pham tni tai pham ehii khdng thd nam ngoai pham tni tdi pham ndn khdng thd dat eum tir "tdi pham nguy hidm" nam ngoai va song song bdn canh hai tir "tdi pham" nhu BLHS nam 1999 hien hanh (Didu 49) va Dy thao II (Didu 54 mdi). Ddng thdi, eung edn luu y rdng, tai pham ciing la mdt chd dinh nbd nim trong (thudc) ehe dinh ldn hon Id chd dinh nhieu (da) tpi pham ndn se la khoa bgc va hgp ly hon kbi xep no vao Chuang "Vd tgi pham" chii khdng ndn de nd ndm hong Chuang "Vd quydt dinh binh phat" (ngay sau Didu vd cac tinh tidt tang ndng TNHS) nhu hong BLHS nam 1999 va Dy thao II.
2.6. Che dinh loi (cdc didu 12-13 mdi) van cdn mpt loat cae nhugc didm ehua khdc phuc dugc da tdn tai trong BLHS nam 1985 trudc day vd BLHS nam 1999 bien banh vi ehua phdn anh rd 2 nguyen tdc: TNHS tren ea sd ldi va phan hda TNHS tdi da, chdng Tap chi
3 0 I KIEM SAT /So20(thang 10/2014)
NGHIEN CUU, XAY DUNG VA AP DUNG PHAP LUAT ban nhu: 1) Chua ghi nhdn DNPL cua bai
khai niem rdt ca ban - "ldi" la gi (?) vd nhu the nao la "ngudi c6 ldi hong tdi pham"(?);
2) Chua didu chinh tai Phdn chung BLHS mdt vdn dd quan tigng kbi tgi pham hda nhiing hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xa hpi dugc thyc hien do vd y kbi chua khdng dinb diit khoat va rd rdng rang "chi trong cdc trudng hgp cd cde dieu tuong iing tai Phdn cae tdi pham BLHS quy dinh ridng" thi nhiing hdnh vi nay mdi bi coi la tdi pham, vi thuc ra khdc vdi nhiing hanh vi dugc thuc hien do cd y, tai Phdn cae tdi pham BLHS ehi ed mgt sd (chii khdng phdi tdt ca) nhiing banh vi dugc thyc hien do vo y bi tgi pham hda ma hinh thiie ldi duge chi ra tryc tiep tiong tdn ggi ciia tdi pham; 3) Chua ghi nhan ro rang va diit khoat DNPL eua khai niem ehung vd tdi ed y - Id banh vi nguy hidm eho xa hpi do ludt binh sy quy dinh dugc thuc hidn do "ed y true tidp hoac cd y gian tiep"
(rdi sau dd mdi ldn lugt dd cap den DNPL cua khdi niem tiing dang co y ndy), cung nhu DNPL eua khdi nidm chung vd tdi vd y - la hanh vi nguy hidm cho xa hdi do luat hinh sy quy dinh duge thye hien do "qua tu tin (chii quan) hoac eau tha" (rdi sau dd mdi ldn lugt dd cap den cac DNPL cua khai nidm timg dang vo y nay); 4) Chua cd quy dinh ndo tai Phan chung didu chinh vdn de TNHS trong trudng hgp ldi phiic tap (bdn bgp ldi) - khi trong mdt cdu thanh tgi pham (CTTP) CO hai hinh thiic Idi (tiic Id ldi cua chii thd ddi vdi vide thye bien banh vi pham tdi Id cd y, nhung ddi vdi hdu qua ngbidm tigng xdy ra la vd y); 5) Khi didu cbinh cdc quy pham ve ldi ed y van chua ldm rd vd mat thuat ngii vd bd sung mgt sd ddu hidu (ea vd mat ly tri va y chi) ciia bai dang cd y - tryc tidp va gian tiep.
2.7. Che dinh ve cdc giai dogn thuc hien tpiphgm (cae dieu 16-17 mdi) van chua dat (da tdn tai tiong BLHS nam 1985 trudc day vd BLHS nam 1999 hidn hdnh) nhu vi tbidu DNPL ciia hai khdi nidm rat quan tigng: 1)
"tdi pham hoan thanh" va "tgi pham chua hoan thanh" la nhu thd nao?; 2) khdng dua ra nguydn tac chung de gidi quyet van dd TNHS tiong hai trudng hgp nay.
2.8. Che dinh tu y chdm did tpi phgm (Didu 18 mdi) van cdn nguyen nhirng khiem khuydt chua khdc phuc dugc (da tdn tai tiong BLHS nam 1985 hudc ddy vd BLHS nam 1999 hien hanh) vi mdi chi dd cap ddn vdn dd TNHS eua ngudi thye hanh, ma chua giai quydt van dd TNHS eua ba dang ngudi ddng pham khdc (ngudi td chiic, ngudi xiii giuc va ngudi giiip siic) khi hg tu y nita chimg chdm diit tpi pham vi da sii dung thuat ngii "vide pham tdi"- vide thyc bidn tpi pham tiong tdn gpi cua didu ludt vd ndi dung ma nd quy dinb, md le ra ndn sic dung thuat ngii "tdi pham" thi mdi dam bdo tinh hgp ly ve mat thyc tien va sy chinh xac vd mat khoa hgc.
2.9. Va cuoi cimg, che dinh dong phgm (Didu 19 mdi) van cdn nguydn nhiing khidm Ithuyet chua khac phue duge cua BLHS nam 1985 trude day va cua BLHS nam 1999 hien hanh (Didu 20), ma eu thd la: 1) Mdi chi de cap den hanh vi cua ngudi thuc banh, ma chua de cap den ciia 3 Ioai ngudi pham tpi khdc (ngudi td chiie, ngudi xiii giuc va ngudi giiip siic) khi sii dung thuat ngii "ciing thye bidn mdt tpi pham" trong DNPL cua khdi niem ddng pham (kbodn 1) va "thuc bien tpi pham" tiong DNPL eua khai niem pham tdi e6 td chiic (kbodn 3), ma le ra phdi la eae thuat ngii "eiing tham gia vdo vide thuc hien tdi pham" vi thyc tien xet xu eho thdy, chi ed hanh vi cua nhung
S620(thang10/2014)\
Tap chi _Kl£.M SAT 31
NGHlfiN CUU, XAY PyNG VA AP DUNG PHAP L U $ T
ngudi thyc hdnh mdi Id "eiing thuc hien" tpi pham, cdn 3 hdnh vi eiia 3 loai ngudi ddng pham khac (nhu: Td chiic, xiii giuc vd giiip sire) ro rang la chi "eiing tham gia vdo vide"
thyc hidn tgi pham (chii hg khdng true tidp thuc hien tpi pham); 2) Cae DNPL eiia cac khai nidm ngudi thuc hanh, ngudi td cbiic vd ngudi xiii giye van chua ddy du (cdc doan 2, 3 va 4 khodn 2), cdn DNPL cua khdi nidm ngudi giiip sire vdn cdn rdt chung chung va trim tugng (khoan 5 doan 3); 3) Van chua dam bao dugc nguyen tac phan hda vd cd thd hoa TNHS tdi da khi ehua gidi quyet d miic dpc lap mpt loat eac van de nhu: Chua cd eae DNPL eiia hai khdi nidm ve cac binh thiic ddng pham khac (ngodi hinh thiie pham tgi co td chire); 4) Cdn thieu cac quy pham vd sy thdi qua ciia ngudi thye banh vd van de TNHS ciia nhiing ngudi ddng pham khac tiong trudng hgp ndy.
3. Hoan thi|n che dinh tdi pham trong Du- thao Phan chung Bg Iuat Hinh sy (su^ ddi)
1. Vi tdi pham Id mdt hong ndm chd djnh ldn nhdt ciia luat hinh su ndn theo quan diem cua ehiing tdi, cae quy dinb vd tdi pham hong Dy thao BLHS (siia ddi) cdn phdi dugc tidp tyc hoan thien dd khde phuc cac khiem khuyet dang edn tdn tai.
2. Tir nhimg suy ngdm hdn day, theo chiing tdi md binh ly luan (MHLL) cua cac kidn gidi lap phdp (KGLP) cu tiid eho ngi dung cua eae didu khodn hong Chuang II mdi "Ve tdi pham", tiep theo Chuang I mdi
"Vd dao ludt hinh sy" (sau khi nhap Chuang II cii vao Chuang I cu) vdi 4 Muc vd 17 Didu (xem bdi dd ddng tren Tgp chi Kiem sdt s6 19
• thdng 10/2014) Phdn chung BLHS (sira ddi) se CO co cdu gdm 5 Muc nhd (tii Muc 5 ddn Mue 9) gom 19 Didu luat (tir Didu 18 ddn Didu 37) vdi cdc quy pham nhu sau:
"Chmmg II VE TOI PHAM (mdi)
Mgc 5
Khai niem tdi pham va phan Ioai toi ph^m Dieu 18. Khai niem tgi pham 1. * PhuOTig an I (Ghi nhgn cu the cdc khdch the logi bi xdm hgi khi liet ke todn bp cdc khdch the logi duac bdo ve tgi Dieu guy dinh ve nhiem vu ciia phdp lugt hinh su Viet Nam):
Tdi pham la hanh vi nguy hidm cho xa hpi (banh dgng hoae khdng hdnh ddng) dugc quy dinh trong phap ludt hirtii sy do ngudi cd nang lye hach nhidm binh sy va dil tudi chiu trdch nhidm hinh sy thyc hidn mgt each c6 ldi (cd y hoae vd y), xam pham ddn nhiing co sd ciia chd do bidn phap Viet Nam, nhan thdn, cac quydn va ty do cua con ngudi va cua edng ddn, cung nhu hda binh vd an ninh eua nhan loai tranh khdi sy xam hai ciia tdi pham.
* Phuong an II (Ghi nhgn ngdn gon cdc khdch the logi bi xdm hgi):
Tgi pham la hdnh vi nguy hidm cho xa hdi (hdnh ddng hoac khdng hdnh dgng) dugc quy dinb trong phdp luat binh sy do ngudi cd nang luc tiaeh nhidm hinh sy va du tudi chiu trdch nhidm hinh sy thuc bien mdt each cd ldi (cd y hodc vd y), xdm pham den cde lgi ich dugc bao vd bdng phap ludt hinh sy.
2. Hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hgi dugc quy dinh hong phap luat hinh sy la hdnh vi gay nen thiet hai hoac tao ra su de dga thyc td gdy ndn thiet bai cho eac lgi ich dugc bao ve bdng phap luat hinh sy (mai).
Didu 19. Phan logi tgi phgm 1. Cac tgi pham tiong phdp ludt binh su can Cli vao tinh chdt, miic dp nguy hidm cho T^p chi
3 2 I KIEM SAT_ /So 20 (thang 10/2014)
HGmtN C6U, XAY DUMG VA AP DUNG PHAP LUAT xa hgi va hinh thirc 16i ciia chu the khi thirc
hien hanh vi duo'c phan thanh b6n loai: Tpi pham it nghiem trong, tpi pham nghiem trong, tpi pham rat nghiem trpng va tpi pham dac biet nghiem trpng.
2. Tpi pham it nghiem trpng la tpi gay nguy hiem khong lan cho xa hpi va bao gom tpi CO y ma hinh phat do phap luat hinh SIT quy dinh la tu khong qua 5 nam hoac hinh phat khac nhe hem, cfing nhir tpi vo y ma hinh phat do Bp luat nay quy dmh la tu khong qua 7 nam hoac hinh phat khac nhe hem.
3. Tpi pham nghiem trpng la tpi gay nguy hiem Ion cho xa hpi va bao gom tpi co y ma hinh phat do phap luat hinh sir quy dinh la tii tren 5 nam den 10 nam, cung nhu tgi vo y ma hinh phat do phap luat hinh su quy dinh la tu tren 7 nam den 15 nam.
4. Tgi pham rat nghiem trpng la tdi gay nguy hiem rat 1cm cho xa hpi va chi bao g6m tgi CO y ma hinh phat do phap luat hinh su quy dinh la tu trenlO nam den 15 nam.
5. Tpi pham dac biet nghiem trpng la tpi gay nguy hiem dac biet Ion cho xa hgi va chi bao gom tpi co y ma hinh phat do phap luat hinh SIT quy dinh la tu tren 15 nam hoac hinh phat khac nang hon.
Muc 6 Nhilu t6i pham (mai) Diiu 20. Pham toi nhilu 13n (mai) 1. Pham tpi nhieu lan la thirc hien tgi pham tu hai lan tra len ma cac tpi Sy dugc quy dinh tai ciing mpt dieu hoac cung mpt khoan cua diSu trong phap luat hinh su.
2. D6i voi nhung truong hop thuc hien tgi pham tOr hai lan tro len ma nhung tpi Sy dugc quy dinh tai cac dieu khac nhau cua phap luat
hinh su, thi chi khi nao do cac dieu tuong ling trong phap luat hinh su quy dinh rieng moi phai bi coi hoac c6 the bi coi la pham tgi nhieu lan.
3. Doi vai tgi dugc thuc hien truac day ma nguoi pham tgi da dugc mien trach nhiem hinh sir, mien hinh phat, mien chap hanh hinh phat, xoa an tich hoac da chap hanh xong hinh phat theo cac quy dinh cua phap luat hinh su, thi khong dugc tinh d8 xac dinh la pham tpi nhieu lan.
Di§u 21. Pham nhilu toi (mai) 1. Pham nhieu tpi la khi tpi pham dugc thuc hien thupc mgt trong ba truang hgp sau day va nguoi pham tgi chua bi xet xu v6 tpi nao trong so nhiing tgi da pham:
a) Pham tir hai tgi tro len ma nhiing tgi ay dugc quy dinh tai cac dieu khac nhau ciia phap Iuat hinh su;
b) Pham tit hai tpi tro len ma doi tugng cua nhirng tgi ay khac nhau va dugc quy djnh tai cac khoan khac nhau trong ciing mpt di6u cua phap luat hinh su;
c) Trong ciing mgt hanh vi c6 cac dau hieu cua tir hai tgi tro len ma nhung tgi ay dugc quy dinh tai cac dieu khac nhau ciia phap luat hinh sir.
2. Viec quyet dinh hinh phat doi vai nguoi pham nhieu tpi phai tuan thu theo cac quy dinh chung tai cac dieu tuang iing va quy dinh rieng tai Dieu... Bp luat nay (tiec Dieu 50 BLHS nam 1999).
Dieu 22. Pham toi co tinh chat chuyen nghiep (mai)
Pham tgi co tinh chat chuyen nghiep la pham tpi nhihu ikn, co tinh chat lien tuc va nham muc dich vu lgi hay lam giau bat chinh ma hoat dgng pham tgi da tra thanh he thong va tao nen nguon thu nhap co ban hoac nguon song chu yeu cua nguoi pham tdi.
S620(than9l0/2014)\
Tap chi _KIEM SAT I 3 3
MGHlfiN Clitl, XAY DUKG VA AP DUHG PHAP LUAT Diiu 23. Tai pham
1. Tai pham la pham tgi do c6 y trong khi chua dugc xoa an tich ve tgi do co y da pham truoc day.
2. Tai pham nguy hiem la:
a) Pham tpi do co y ma bi xu phat tu trong khi da tai pham va chua dugc xoa an til ve tgi do CO y.
b) Pham tgi nghiem trgng do co y trong khi chua dugc xoa an tii ve tgi nghiem trgng do CO y da pham truoc day.
3.
* Phuong an I (Tren ca sa phdn logi toi phgm theo Dieu 11 Du thdo Phdn chung BLHS siea doi):
Tai pham dac biet nguy hiem la:
a) Pham tpi do c6 y ma bi xii phat tii trong khi da tai pham nguy hiem va chua dugc xoa an tich ve tpi nghiem trgng do co y.
b) Pham tgi nghiem trpng do co y trong khi da tat ph^im va chua duoc xoa an tich ve tpi nghiem trpng do co y hoac tgi rat nghiem trgng do co y.
c) Pham tpi rat nghiem trgng do co y trong khi chua dugc xoa an tich ve tpi nghiem trpng do co y hoac tpi rat nghiem trpng do CO y da pham truoc day.
d) Pham tpi dac biet nghiem trpng do co y trong khi chua dugc xoa an tich ve tgi rat nghiem trpng do co y hoac tpi dac biet nghiem trgng do co y da pham truoc day.
* PhiroTig an II (Tren casaphdn logi toi phgm nhu duac dua ra trong mo hinh ly ludn cua Die thdo ndy):
Tai pham dac biet nguy hiem la (mai):
a) (Nhu Phuang dn I tren day).
b) Pham tgi nghiem trpng do co y trong khi da tai pham va chua dugc xoa an tich ve tpi nghiem trpng do c6 y hoac tpi rSt nghiem trpng.
c) Pham tpi dac biet nghiem trgng do co y trong khi chua dugc xoa an ve tpi rat nghiem trpng hoac tgi dac biet nghiem trgng da pham truoc day.
Muc 7 Loi (m&i)
Diiu 24. Khai niem I6i v^ ngurM co loi trong tdi pham (mai)
1. L6i trong tpi pham la trang thai tam ly cua chu the dugc bieu hien duoi hinh thiic c6 y hoac vo y doi v6i hanh vi trai phap luat hinh su do minh thuc hien va doi voi hau qua do hanh vi do gay nen.
2. Nguoi CO 16i trong tgi pham la nguoi da c6 y hoac vo y thuc hien (bang hanh d^ng hoac khong hanh dgng) hanh vi trai phap luSt hinh su.
Diiu 25. Pham tgi do co y 1. Pham tgi do co y la pham tgi trong truang hpp chu the thuc hien (bang hanh dgng hoac khong hanh dpng) hanh vi trai phap luat hinh sir vai su co y true tiep hoac CO y gian tiep (m6i).
2. Pham tpi do co y true tiep la pham tgi trong trucmg hgp chu the nhan thiic ro tinh chat trai phap luat hinh su cua hanh vi ma minh thuc hien (bang hanh d^ng hoac khong hanh dpng), thay truac kha nang gay nen hoac tinh tat yeu gay nen hau qua cua hanh vi do va mong muon cho hau qua xay ra.
3. Pham tgi do co y gian tiep la pham tdi trong truang hgp chu th6 nh^n thiic ro tinh chat trai phap luat hinh su ciia hanh vi ma minh thuc hien (bang hanh dgng hoac khdng hanh dpng), th4y truac kha nang gSy nen hau qua cua hanh vi do va tuy khdng mong mudn nhung cd y thiic d l mac cho hau qua xay ra hoac CO thai do tha o ddi vai hau qua.
34
Tap chi KIEM SAT__'^20{thang 10/2014) /^liHGHI£:N oiru, XAY DUNG VA AP DI;HG PHAP LUAT
Dieu 26. Ph^m tfii do vo y
1. Chi trong trucmg hgp co dieu tucmg ling tai Phan cac tgi pham Bg luat nay quy dinh rieng thi hanh vi nguy hiem cho xa hgi ma chu the thuc hien (bang hanh dgng hoac khong hanh dgng) do sy: vd y md'i bi coi la tdi pham (mai).
2. Pham tpi do vd y la pham tdi trong truong hgp hanh vi trai phap luat hinh su dugc thuc hien (bang hanh ddng hoac khdng hanh dgng) vi su chu quan hoac vi sir cau tha cua chii the (mai).
3. Pham tdi do vd y vi chu quan la pham tgi trong trudng hgp chii the thay trudc kha nang gay nen hau qua cua hanh vi trai phap luat hinh su do minh thuc hien (bang hanh ddng hoac khdng hanh ddng) nhung thieu cac can cii ma chu quan tin vao viec ngan ngira dugc hau qua dd.
4. Pham tgi do vd y vi cau tha la pham tpi trong truang hgp chu the khdng thay trudc kha nang gay nen hau qua cua hanh vi trai phap luat hinh sir do minh thuc hien (bang hanh ddng hoac khdng hanh ddng) mac dii voi su chu y c4n thi6t phai thay trudc va co the thay trudc hau qua dd.
Diiu 27. Pham tgi v&i hai hinh thirc ldi (mai)
1. Pham tpi vdi hai hinh thiic 16i la pham tpi trong trudng hgp chu the c6 loi cd y ddi vdl viec thuc hien hanh vi trai phap luat hinh su va loi vd y ddi voi hau qua nghiem trpng xay ra. Ve co ban, pham tdi vdi hai hinh thiic ldi ciing la pham tgi do cd y.
2. N6u do hanh vi pham tgi cd y ma hau qua nghiem trpng xay ra va vi vay, dieu tuong ling cua phap luat hmh su quy dinh hinh phat tang nang, thi van de frach nhiem hinh sir cua chu the dugc giai quyet nhu sau:
a) Neu ldi cua chu the ddi vdi hau qua
nghiem trgng xay ra cung la co y, thi chu the phai chiu trach nhiem hinh su tren nhiiTig co sd chung.
b) Neu ldi cua chii the ddi vdi hau qua nghiem trgng xay ra la vd y, thi chu the phai chiu hinh phat tang nang ay.
Muc 8
Cac giai doan thirc hien tgi pham (mai) Dieu 28. Toi pham hoan thanh (mai) 1. Tgi pham dugc coi la hoan thanh khi trong hanh vi do ngudi pham tdi thuc hien cd tat ca cac dau hieu ciia cau thanh tgi pham cu the dugc quy dinh tai dieu tuemg ling trong Phdn rieng phap luat hinh su.
2. Neu khdng cd can cii de ap dung quy pham nao dd trong Phan chung phap luat hinh su, thi trach nhiem hinh sir ddi vdi tdi pham hoan thanh dugc xac dinh theo dieu cu the tuong iing tai Phan rieng phap luat hinh sir.
Dieu 29. Tgi ph^m chira hoan thanh (mai)
1. Tdi pham chua hoan thanh la hanh vi chuan bi pham tdi va pham tpi chua dat.
2. Trach nhiem hinh su ddi vdi tdi pham chua hoan thanh do hanh vi chuan bi pham tgi rat nghiem trgng hoac tdi dac biet nghiem trgng dugc xac dinh theo dieu tucmg img ve tpi pham hoan thanh trong Phdn rieng phap Iuat hinh su, ddng thdi vien dan Dieu... va Dieu... Bd luat nay (tiec Id Dieu 17 vd Dieu 52 BLHS ndm 1999).
3. Trach nhiem hinh su doi vdi tdi pham chua hoan thanh do hanh vi pham tgi chua dat dugc xac dinh theo dieu tuong iing ve tdi pham hoan thanh trong Phdn neng phap luat hinh su, ddng thdi vien dan Dieu... va Dieu... Bd luat nay (tiec la Diiu 20 vd Diiu 21 BLHS ndm 1999).
— . Tap chi I So20(thang10/2014)^KIEMSAT ' 3 5
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Dieu 30. Chuan bi pham tgi 1. ChuSn bi pham tdi la hanh vi tim kiem hoac sira soan cdng cu hay phuong tien thuc hien tdi pham, cung nhu tim kidm nhirng ngudi dong pham, cau ket vdi nhau hoac cd y tao ra nhirng dieu kien can thi6t khac d6 thuc hien tpi pham, nhung da khdng thuc hien dugc den cimg vi nhung nguyen nhan ngoai y mudn cua ngudi pham tpi.
2. (Giic nguyen nhu guy dinh tai dogn 2 Dieu 17 BLHS ndm 1999).
Diiu 31. Pham tgi chira dat 1. Pham tdi chua dat la hanh vi co y de thuc hien tgi pham nhung tdi pham da khdng dugc thuc hien den cimg vi nhiing nguyen nhan ngoai y mudn cua ngudi pham tdi.
2. (Giie nguyen nhu quy dinh tgi dogn 2 Dieu 18 BLHS nam 1999)
Diiu 32. T u y cham dirt tdi pham 1. Tu y cham diit tpi pham la trudng hgp ma trong dd mac dii ngudi pham tdi co day dli dieu kien khach quan thuc hien dugc tgi pham den cung nhung da tu minh dinh chi hanh vi chuan bi pham tgi hoac hanh vi cd y de thuc hien tdi pham, tuy khdng cd gi ngan can.
2. Ngudi tu y nira chimg chdm dirt tdi pham khdng phai chiu trach nhiem hinh su doi vdi tdi dinh pham.
3. Ngudi tu y nira chirng cham dirt tdi pham phai chiu trach nhiem hinh su n l u hanh vi thuc te do ngudi dd thuc hi^n cd tat ca cac dau hieu ciia mdt cau thanh tpi pham khac.
4. Ngudi td chirc va ngudi xui giuc khdng phai chiu trach nhiem hinh su neu bSng cac bien phap ma hp ap dung da ngan chan dugc viec thyc hien tdi pham den cung cua ngudi thuc hanh (mai).
5. Neu nhiing hanh vi ciia ngudi td chiic hoac ngudi xui giuc dugc quy dinh tai khoan 4 cua Dieu nay da khdng ngan chan dugc viec thuc tgi pham den cung cua ngudi thuc hanh, thi cac bien phap ma hp da ap dung cd the dugc coi la tinh tiet de mien trach nhiem hinh su hoac giam nhe hinh phat (m&i).
6. Nguoi giixp siic khdng phai chiu trach nhiem hinh su neu da tich cue ap dung tSt ca cac bien phap phu thudc vao minh de ngan chan viec thuc hien tdi pham (m&i).
Muc 9 Dong ph^m Diiu 33. Khai ni^m d^ng pham Ddng pham la hinh thiic pham tgi do cd y dugc thyc hien vai sy cd y cung tham gia vao viec thyc hien tgi pham cua tir hai ngudi trd len.
Dieu 34. Cac hinh thirc dong pham (m&i)
1. Can Cli vao tinh chat va miic do cd y cung tham gia vao viec thuc hien tdi pham do cd y cua nhiing ngudi pham tdi, ddng pham dugc phan thanh ba hinh thiic: Pham tdi khdng cd thdng mmi trudc (ddng pham don gian); pham tdi cd thong muu trudc (dong pham phiic tap); pham tgi cd td chiic (ddng pham dac biet).
2. Pham tdi khdng cd thdng muu trudc la hinh thiic ddng pham dem gian va cd sy cau ket khong chat che cua nhung ngudi cung thyc hien tdi pham.
3. Pham tpi c6 thdng muu trudc la hinh thiic ddng pham phiic tap va cd su cau ket tuong ddi chat che ciia nhung ngudi cimg tham gia vao viec thyc hien tgi pham.
4. Pham tdi cd td chiic la hinh thiic ddng Tap chi
3 6 1 KIEM SAT_^ /So 20 (thang 10/2014)
HGHlfiN CUU, XAY DpUG VA AP OUHG PHAP LUAT
pham d|c biet va cd su cau ket chat che ciia nhirng ngudi cung tham gia vao viec thuc hien tdi pham hoac cua nhirng thanh vien thudc mgt td chiic tdi pham.
Dieu 35. T6 churc tdi pham (m&i) 1. Td chiic tgi pham la mgt nhom ngudi cd td chiic hoac la mdt Hen minh (hgp nhat) cua cac nhdm ngudi cd td chiic dd, dugc thanh lap dua tren su nhat tri va du ket chat che vdi nhau nham muc dich thyc hien tdi pham vki nghiem trgng hay tdi pham dac biet nghiem trgng.
2. Ngudi thanh lap hay lanh dao td chiic tgi pham phai chiu trach nhiem hinh sy ve viec thanh lap hay lanh dao to chiic tdi pham trong nhiing trudng hgp do cac dieu tuang iing cua phap luat hinh sy quy dinh rieng.
3. Ngudi thanh lap hay lanh dao td chiic tdi pham khdng phai chiu trach nhiem hinh su ve cac tgi pham do td chirc do thyc hien ma khdng cd sy cung cd y tham gia ciia minh.
4. Nhung thanh vien khac tham gia td chiic tgi pham phai chiu trach nhiem hinh sy trong nhung trudng hgp do cac dieu tuong ling cua phap luat hinh su quy dinh rieng.
Dieu 36. Cac Ioai ngirdd dong pham 1. (Giir nguyen nhu guy dinh tgi dogn 1 khodn 2 Diiu 20 BLHS ndm 1999).
2. Ngudi thyc hanh la ngudi tryc tiep thuc hien tgi pham, tryc tiep tham gia vao viec thyc hien tpi pham cimg voi nhiing ngudi khac ho^c thyc hien tpi pham b5ng thu doan su dung nhiing ngudi ma theo cac quy dinh cua phap luat hinh sy khdng phai chiu trach nhiem hinh sy.
3. Ngudi td chiic la ngudi chu muu, cSm dau hay chi huy viec thyc Men tdi
pham, hoac thanh lap hay lanh dao td chiic tdi pham.
4. Ngudi xui giuc la ngudi kich dpng, du dd, mua chudc, de dga hoac bang cac thu doan khac thiic day ngudi khac thuc hien tpi pham.
5. Ngudi giiip siic la ngudi tao dieu kien cho viec thyc hien tpi pham bang each cung cap cac thdng tin, phuang tien hay cdng cu thyc hien tgi pham, hoac hiia hen trudc ve viec che giau ngudi pham tdi hay cac dau vet cua tgi pham hoac nhiing tai san hay dd vat do pham tpi ma cd, cung nhu hiia hen trudc ve viec mua, ban hoac tieu thu nhung tai san hay dd vat dd.
Dieu 37. Hanh vi thai qua cua nguM thyc hanh (m&i)
1. Hanh vi thai qua cua ngudi thyc hanh la viec tu thuc hien tpi pham ciia ban than ngudi dd ma khdng co su cd y tham gia ciia nhung ngudi ddng pham khac.
2. Nhiing nguai ddng pham khac khdng phai chiu trach nhiem hinh su ve hanh vi thai qua cua ngudi thyc hanh.*
DINH C H m H Do sa suat trong qua trinh bien tap, che ban nen tai trang 28 (TCKS s6 19/2014), cot 2, dong 12 tu dudi ien da m thieu 01 doan, nay xin bo sung nhir sau:
5. Cac bien phap cuong che phi hinh sir:
La cac che tai phap ly duoc quy dinh trong cac nganh luat tirang ijng khac (nhu: Phap luat hanh chinh, phap luat dan sir, phap luat lao dong, phap luat moi truang, phap luat dat dai...)".
Dong thdi, cac muc tiep sau se dugc danh so lai la: 6,7,8.
Thanh that xin 16i cac tac gia va ban dgc!
TAP CHi KIEM SAT
. Tap chi So20(thang10/2014)V_KIEMSAT I 3i
