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Nguon m a
DOI MOI SANG TAO
va bang sang che phan mem
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Al CONG Bie'T RANG 06\ M0\ SANG TAO CHfNH LA CAl G(5C COA S U PHATTRI^N XA HOI.
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Mdi SANG TAO T 6 N TAI TRONG M O I LINH vac CUA xA HOI. T R O N G BAI NAY CHl cidi HAN 061 MCII SANG TAO TRONG PHAN M ^ M MAY TfNH, M A K H O N G NOI TOI D6\ N\0\
SANG TAO TRONG BAT KY LiNH VUC NAO KHAC.
KE LAM, NGUOl LOI!
Biet rang, trong ky nguyen thdng tin ma chung ta dang sdng hien nay, phan mem hien dien trong mpi ITnh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi, tham ehi phan mem cd the la tac nhan de bien mpt din tdc td ngheo ddi trd nen giau ed nhanh ehdng chi trong vdng chuc nam, nhung phan mem eung cd the la vu khi de lit do mpt che dp
chinh trj v^/hoac reo ric chien tranh ra khip toan cau trong mdt khoing thdi gian nhanh va vdi mdt eudng dp tan cdng manh chua tdng cd trong Ijch sd loai ngUdi td trudc tdi nay. Chinh vl vay, viec cd dupe tdc dp cao, sU mau le va gid dupc lien tuc doi mdi sing tao trong phan mem la mdt trong nhdng ye'u td quyet djnh sdc manh cua mdt quoc gia ngay nay.
Dang tiec, tren the gidi hien nay lai ludn cd nhdng the lUc nhan
6 4 Tin hpc & ddi song - sdTHANG 7
danh doi mdi sing tao de c i n trd doi mdi sang tao, ma mdt trong nhdng cdng cu de thue hien viec dd mdt each hdu hieu chinh II cac bang sang che phan mem. Oai dien eho the gidi cua nhdng ngudi bao ve cho cae b i n g sing che phan mem chinh la Microsoft, eic cdng ty phan mem sd hdu ddc quy^n v l c^c to chdc nhU Lien minh Phan mem Doanh nghiep BSA (Business Software Alliance), d chieu nguoc lai, dai dien cho the gidi cua nhdng ngUdi chdng lai cle b i n g sang che phan mem chinh la the gidi eua p h i n mem tU do ngudn md (PMTDNM), dUng dau la cac td chdc b l o ve PMTDNM toan cau nhu Quy Phan mem Tudo FSF (Free Software Foundation) v l To chdc Sing kien Ngudn md OSI (Open Source Initiative).
Nhdng eau chuyen dupe neu dudi d i y se eho chung ta thay md hinh huy diet doi mdi sang tao trong p h i n mem thudng dugc thuc hien theo each la mpt edng ty hoae mdt nhdm cdng ty ddng ra mua cac b i n g sang eh§' phan mem (bin than hp cd the khdng viet ra bat ky mpt ddng ma lenh phan mem nao ddi vdi cae b i n g s^ng ehe ma hp mua) cho mdt to chdc chuyen thu nap cle b i n g sang che phan m^m (duong nhien to chdc n i y khdng viet ra bat ky ddng ma lenh phan mem nio, ma don g i l n la hp cd tien), rdi td chdc nay ddng ra kien cae edng ty dupe eho I I vi pham eae b i n g sang ehe phan mem dd ra tda va hudng Ipi t d cac vu kien dd, bat chap viec cdng ty bj kien cd t h ^ bj pha sin hoac p h i i chju quy hang nop phi thudng xuyen cho ben khdi kien. Bing each nay, tuong lai cua cac doanh n h i n phan mem, lap trinh vien p h i n mem hoae trd thinh nd le thudng xuyen nop tien b l o ke cho cac to chdc d tren, hoae se lay tda an lam "chien trudng" quen thudc cua minh.
Vao thang 5/2007, Microsoft tdng dpa kien the gidi PMTDNM vi pham 235 b i n g sing che cua hang nhung lai khdng chi ra do la cac bing sang ehe n i o de the gidi PMTDNM cd the loai bd chung ra khdi ma ngudn cle s i n pham cua minh nhu hp da tUng I l m vdi 2 bang sing che phan mem ma Microsoft cho la cua minh cd lien quan tdi he thdng tep FAT (File Allocation Table) va hang da kien TomTom, mdt edng ty nhd chuyen sin xuat cac thiet bj djnh vj toan cau trang bi trong cac d td cd sd dung he dieu hanh PMTDNM GNU/Linux v i o t h i n g 2/2009.
Vao thang 9/2009 Microsoft da ban 22 b i n g sang ehe ma hang sd hdu cd lien quan tdi he dieu hanh GNU/Linux cho mdt to chdc la ATS vdi mong mudn sau nay, ATS mdi thdc sU la ngUdi ddng ra kien the gidi nguon md v l Linux vi pham cac b i n g sang che, cdn ngudi chu muu Microsoft se trd thanh ngU dng die Ipi. Tuy nhien, ngay sau do ATS da ban lai eho Mang Phat minh MdOIN (Open Invention Network), mpt kho chda eae b i n g sang che b l o ve cho GNU/Linux va cae sin pham PMTDNM, vi the p h i vd ke hoaeh nem da dau tay cua Microsoft. (Xem:"Nem da dau tay", tap chiTin hpc va Odi sdng, sd t h i n g 10/2009).
Gan day nhat, vao t h i n g 11/2010, CPTN Holdings LLC, dai dien eho mpt nhdm 4 edng ty gdm Microsoft, Oracle, Apple va ECM da mua 882 bang sing che phan mem cua cdng ty chuyen cung cap cac djch vu lien quan tdi PMTDNM Novell ma ehung hau het ed lien quan tdi he dieu hanh GNU/Linux va cac sin pham edng nghe md khic. Hai to chdc OSI v l FSF lan lupt da de trinh cac kien nghi cua minh len BpTU phap My va Van phdng Cartel Lien bang Ode de yeu cau eae co quan nay can thiep vi hp nghi ngd CPTN ed the se sd dung cac bang sang ehe phan mem nay de an dau nhdng y djnh
bat chinh chdng lai the gidi PMTDNM. Vao t h i n g 4/2011, Bd Tu p h i p My da dUa ra ph^n quy^t 5 diem, trong do noi bat nhat la viec tat c l cac b i n g sang che cua Novell se dUgc mua tuan theo giay ph^p GNU General Public License (GPL), mdt giay phep ngudn md dupc sd dung rdng rai, v^ giay ph^p cua Mang S^ng tao Md OIN, mdt kho giiy ph^p chinh doi vdi GNU/Linux. Dieu nay se d i m blo ring vinh vi^n khdng ai cd the sd dung cac bing sang che nay de kien the gidi PMTDNM vi pham chung dupc nda.
BAG VE s y SANG TAG
Su kien Bp TU phap My can thiep vao viec mua ban cac bing sang che phan mem da nhic nhd cac nha eung cap phan mem sd hdu ddc quyen phii chu y ring nhdng hanh dpng eua hp se bi soi xet, v^ giup thiet lap mdt vung b l o ve cua ehinh phu xung quanh sU phat trien v^ sd dung ngudn md, dieu chua tdng xiy ra t d trudc tdi nay. Su kien n^y eung da chi ra mdt cich rd rang ring, viec cae hang Idn ed nhieu tien de mua cac bing sang che khdng ddng nghia vdl viec c^c hang dd (khuyen khich) doi mdi sang tao trong p h i n mem. Ndi mdt each khac, vdi nhdng y dd den tdi va vd lai, th) viec hien thuc hda cac y tudng thanh that nhieu tien cho 1 edng ty hoac mpt nhdm cdng ty nao do khdng chic da phii la mpt sU doi mdi sang tao, ma ngUpe lai, nd cd the la mdt y tudng benh hoan dupe sd dung de tieu diet doi mdi sang tao, de giet chet sU canh tranh eua cae ddi thu trong thi trudng, ma hau q u i tai hai cua nd khdng chi ddng lai ddi vdi nhdng ngUdi sddung, cac lap trinh vien v l cac cdng ty phin mem, ma cdn cd the tdi van menh cua mpt chinh phu va sUtdn vong cua mpt qudc gia.
Nhu mdt luat sU ndi tieng trong cac vu kien ed lien quan tdi cae bang sang ehe phan mem tai My da phai thdt len ring: Trong vu nay, nhdng ngUdi t h i n g cupc rd rang la eae nha dau tU vao eae he sinh thai ngudn md, nhdng ngUdi bay gid se ed it viec p h i i lo ling hon ve cac bing sang che phan mem. Nhdng ngUdi chien t h i n g cdn bao gdm ca cae lap trinh vien ngudn md, nhdng ngudi sddung cac PMTDNM, va nhieu dang cae nha eung cap khac ma true tiep hoae gian tiep hudng Ipi nhuan t d sU tdn tai cua ma ngudn md khde manh va khdng bj can trd. Cdn nhdng ke thua cudc la cac cdng ty trong nhdm mua ma hp se khdng bao gid cdn cd k h i nang dat ra mdt sd cle bing sing ehe m l hp djnh mua vi nhdng muc dich den tdi ma hp cd trong dau ddi vdi cle bang sang ehe phan mem dd.
Oa ed nghien cdu chi ra ring, PMTNDM la ngudn cua doi mdi sang tao va ring viec lam hai PMTDNM se lam hai ngudn cua ddi mdi sing tao. Thiet hai ddi vdi PMTDNM t d cac bang sang ehe khdng ehi ddng lai ddi vdi edng nghe. Nd eudp di tinh sang tao cua cle doanh nhan va cle lap trinh vien trong sUtlm kie'm cua hp cic md hinh mdi trong p h i t trien va kinh doanh phan mem v l k h i n i n g cua hp thu ve nhdng phan thudng t d c l e doi mdi sang tao dd.
Hy vpng Viet Nam t d gid trd di se khdng cd ai cd tim each lam hai tdi ngudn eua doi mdi sang tao.
Nhic lai cho rd v l tranh mpi sU hieu lam, c l u chuyen trong bai nay chi ndi ve bing sang ehe phan mem, khdng ndi ve bang sang che cua cle ITnh vUe khae, nhU ITnh vUc d td, tham ehi ITnh vUc phan cdng m i y tinh. Jh
S6THANG7 - Tin hpc & ddi song 6 5
