IAP Cll CONG IRIfOliG
NGHIEN Clfu CAC YEU TO ANH HlJdNG DEN THU NHAP CUA NGl/Cfl LAO DONG TAI CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TINH TRA VINH
• NGUYIN HONG HA - LE THJ KIM CHI
T 6 M TAT:
Nghien ciJu nham giai quyel dirdc bai loan nang cao thu nhap, cdi Ihien chat lifdng cu6c song cija ngirdi lao dong (NLD) Viel Nam trong cdc lihu cong nghiep, kJiu Icinh le hien nay, cu thi tai tinh Tri Vinh. Ket qua cho Ihay co 5 yeu to anh hirclng den Ihu nh?ip cua NLD trong Khu C6ng nghiep Long DiJc. tinh Tra Vinh: nganh nghl lilm viec cua c6ng nhSn, kinh nghiem l&m viec, Irinh do chuydn mon ciia c5ng nhan, dSn l6c va m6i trirdng ISm vide, Trong do, kinh nghidm \ a trinh dp chuyen mon anh hirctng Idn nh§'t den thu nhap ctia NLD. TCf ket qud nghidn ctJu, nh6m lac gia da de xual cac giai phap nang cao Ihu nhap ctia NLD, dam bao an sinh xa hpi va dn dinh cuoc song ciia cong nhan Irong llidi gian ldi.
Ttf khoa: Thu nhap. yen lo, ngtrdi lao dpng, khu c6ng nghiep, tinh Tr^ Vinh.
I. Gidi thi^u Khu Cong nghiep Long Du'c nam Ihupc dja Tien liWng trong khu vUc doanh nghiep da bin xa Long Difc, TP. Tra Vinh, tinh Tra Vinh iCrnghitiJc difdc hoan thien theo cdche lhi UTfdng, vdi dien tfch 100 ha. Tinh de'n nay, Khu Cong Cli sU quiin ly cua Nh.'i mfdc. Theo Ngujen HBu nghiep Long DiJc cd 21 doanh nghiep dang hoal Dung (2010): Chinh ^jch tien Iifdng la \an de dpng, giai quye't viec lam cho 15.229 lao dpng.
l6ng hpp ni nhieu mo'i quan he chinh iri - kmh le Trong thdi gian qua, linh Trii Vinh da Ihifc hien - \ i hpi Ufdng llic chal che v iSi nhau lien quan de'n nhieu chinh .sach thu hut diu lif, giai quyel viec va'nde Ml hffu. phan bo nguon life, lich luy >a tieu lilm cho NLD; nam 2018 giai'quyel viec liim dung, phai Iricn nguon nhan Itrc^an sinh xii hpi 61.170 lao dpng (Nguon: Biio cdo thifc hien
\a khiing dinh ring -chinh sach lien Iifdng lii mpl nhi6m vu phat tricn kinh le xa hoi tinh Tra Vinh trpng nhang noi dung quan Irpng cua the che'kinh nam 2018); so vdi thu nhap binh quan dSu ngifSi le thj trifdng". cii linh. ihu nhap binh quiin cuj N j y ,3„„ 1747
166 Sol -Thang 1/2020
QUANTRI-QUANLY
iriiu dong/ngtfdi/nam do dieu chinh lifcfng lo'i thi^u vilng. do toe do tang tru'dng kinh te (GRDP) dai 11.05^^. difng thiJ 2 ve lang triJclng kinh te irong khu vi/c d6ng bang song Cu'u Long. Tu\
nhien. thu nhap cila NLD chu'a that sif dam bao chi lieu trong gia dinh cung nhi/can pbai cd mgt Uwan lich luy, tif dd dan den dcfi song cua NLD chtfa cao.
2. Lifflc khao tai li^u
Sandra Polaski (2014) mgt trong cac muc tieu qu^c gia la phai tao dti eong an viee lam ben vilng cho mgi ngu'di, nhiing ngu'di cd kha nang lilm vi6c va mong mud'n lam viec bdi cacb td't nha'l de tho^t ngheo la cd du'de viee Iam to't, tir laodOng ph6 thdng de'n nhiJng cdng viec tao ra nJng sua'l cao hdn va ye'u to' chinh de thu hu I NLD denvdi vide lam dd ehinh la tien cdng, tien lu'dng
\a thu nhap tang them la va'n de then chd't.
Borjas (2013) cho rang, tien lu'dng eua mgt ngiiiJiphu thudc vao tud'i lac cua ngUdi do. Tien lifdng lifdng dd'i thap vdi NLD tre, tang len khi hg mfdng thSnh va lich luy difdc vd'n con ngu'di. rdi Cli the gidm nhe dd'i vdi NLD Idn tud'i. da trinh biy mffi quan hd va sdnam di hgc cua mot ngu'di bing "du'dng lien IifOng theo hgc va'n" cho tha'y tien Iifdng cua cde doanh nghiep sdn sang tra lu'dng tfng eho mdi trinh do hoc va'n, the bien md'i quan h6 giSa lifcfng va sd' nam di hoc. (Mincer (1974), Borjas (2013), Thdng thifdng NLD lam Mee trong ciing mgt nganh nghe tbi thu nhap cua NLD con phu thudc vao cbuyen mdn (loai hinh cong viec) va kinh nghiem edng tac cua NLD.
Theo Pham Thj Thu Lan (2016). doanb nghiep lim each iJng phd tieu cifc vdi tang lifdng td'i thieu nhif cit gidm cac khoan trd cap khac cua NLD hay cdc bidn phap anh hu'dng tdi quyen ldi vd'n oicuaNLDchi lam cang thSng va xa'u di quan he laoddng va cang khd giai du'de bai toan ve nang ''USt lao dpng. Tuy nhien, lifdng tha'p va khdng du song, khdng du tai tao sd'c Iao ddng mgt each ben vifng khd cd the nghl de'n viec NLD tif dao tao
^^ tang nang sua't.
Gregory Mankiw (2003), nang suS't lao dgng 'a dieu kien de thay ddi thu nhap, nhif vay cae nhan td tde ddng de'n nang sua't lao dgng cung
chinb la cac nhan id'tac ddng de'n thu nhap va cho rSng SI/ khac biet trong tbu nhap giiJa eae nu'dc chinh la do khac biet \ e nang sua't lao ddng.
Biii Thi Thu .Minh. Le Nguyin Doan Khdi (2014) cho rdng, nghien cii'u ddng liJc lam viee cua nhan vien triJc tie'p san xua't ed tam quan trgng trong thu but va giU chan ngu'di tai. Nghien cu'u da lien hanh phan tich ke't qua thu thap difdc tLf quan sat. kiem dinh do tin cay eua thang do \a phan lich nhan to'. Sau dd phan tich lu'dng quan, hoi quy tuye'n linh bdi theo hdi quy da bie'n thdng thu'dng. nghien cu'u da phat hien 07 nhan td'anh hifdng den dgng life lam viec ciia nhan vien trife tiep san xua't la: Van hda doanh nghiep. cdng viec, cd hdi dao tao va phat trien, dieu kien lam viec. lifdng \a che'dd phue ldi, md'i quan he vdi ddng nghiep. md'i quan he lanh dao. Trong dd, lu'dng va ehe dd phue ldi vdi van hda doanh nghiep la ye'u id' lae ddng manh nha't.
Chiy Thi Lan. Quyen Dinh Ha (2014) eho rdng, viec lam khdng ddn thuan la va'n de kinh te' ma cdn cd y nghTa xa hgi va chinh tri, nhiil la irong bd'i canb da't mfdc ta dang cd nhieu chuyen ddi;
viee lam tac ddng de'n nhieu khia canh cua ddi sd'ng. kinh te. xa hgi \a anh hu'dng tru'c tie'p de'n ddi sd'ng ciia ban than NLD. va'n de khiing hodng kinh te toan cau. dieu kien kinh te trong nifdc cd nhieu bie'n ddng. Viet Nam van duy tri du'de kha nang tao viec lam, ye'u id'lien lu'dng, thu nhap lai la quan trgng nha'l. tiep de'n la thdi gian lam viec.
mdi tru'dng va dieu kien lam viec (khdng phai mu'c do trang hi ATVSLD), ehinh sach bao hiem va bao dam viec iam, md'i quan he ndi lam viec va ed hgi dao tao phat trien ky nang.
Pham Thi Phong Lan va Tru'dng Hoang Minh (2014), tac gia cho rang, ye'u td'anh hifdng ldn nhat de'n Ihu nhap la kinh nghiem. nha'l la trong eac nghe khai ihae truyen thd'ng. Bai viet siJ dung phu'dng phap phdng va'n tn/c tiep sau dd ma hda sd'lieu de'tinh gia trj irungbinh. dg lech chuan. gia tri Idn nhat, nhd nha't va gia trj phan tram. So sanh SLf kbac biet thdng qua kiem dinh ANOVA va kiem dinh T-test vdi mu'c y nghia 5%, ngoai ra cdn suT dung md'i Ufdng quan hdi quy da bie'n ciia cae bien ddc lap anh hu'dng de'n san lu'dng va ldi nhuan.
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TAPeiJCiNSTItftfllG
Pham Le Thdng (20121, tac gia chgn dd'i tifdng khao ^jl la nhii'ng ngi/di lam edng an lu'dng d khu
\ de dong bdng sdng Cu'u Long, sif dung phi/dng phap thdng ke md ta eua cJe bie'n -.d irong md hinh, ket qua ifdc lifdng cho tha'y hpc \a'n la \eu td'quan trong quye't dinh de'n thu nhapca nhan, tCf dd khang dinh du'de Idi ich eua giao due doi vdi ngifdi hoc trong ndn kinh le thi irifdng.
Ngu>cn Qudc Nghi va BiJi Van Trinh (2010).
\di phifdng phap ihu ihap di? lieu phan lang kel hdp \(ii phu'dng phap chon mau ngau nhien. sau dd \d dung md hinh hdi quy iu\cn tinh de vie dinh eae nhan id' anh hifdng de'n ihu nhap binh quan diiu ngu'di ciia hp ddng bao dan idc thieu sd. tCf dd de xua't mdi so giai phap nang cao thu nhdp. dn dinh ddi sd'ng eho ngi/di Chiim \a ngi/di Khmer. Kei qua nghien cu'u la ciin ciJ khoa hgc cho cac cd quan. ban nganh hifu quan trong \ iec ho.ich dinh eac chinh saeh eo lien quan den an sinh xa hdi eho ngu'di dan loe ihieu so d ddng bang sdng Cifu Long not neng va ca ni/dc ndi chung.
Dinh Phi Ho (20151. tae gia su" dung mo hinh hdi quy luye'n linh \di dif lieu cheo du'a ra khung phan lich \di 10 M>'U uVanh hifdng den thu nhap cua hd gia dinh d nong thdn. De md hinh hdi quy dam bao kha nang tin c;i\ iac gia dii sd dung kiem dinh lu'dng quan ti/ng phan eiia he sd hdi qu\. kiem dinh mu'c dd phil hdp ciia md hinh.
kicni dinh hien tu'dng da cdng tu\e'n. trf iifdnc quan \'ii hien lu'dng phu'dng sai eiia phan dLfihj\
doi bang phu'dng phdp so sJnh \di gia in chi blnb phifdng. Sau dd tac gia dilng he s6 hdi quv chuan hda ehu\cn ddi ihanh dang phan tram de xae dinh ihii' 11/ anh hu'dng ciia eae ye'u id'.
Dd Viin Quan (2019). chinh saeh eai each lien lu'dng lii mdt \cu eau tat \eu. khach quan irons edng eude dd'i mdi \a phat irien da't nu'dc hien nay. ed nhieu cd sd ihuye'i phue \ e 1\ luan va ihifc lien, cung nhu' Id trinh \a giai phap ihi/c hien phii hdp gop phan quan trgng iao ra ddng Il/c thu'c SI/ Jc NLD trong khu vi/c nhii nu'dc \ii doanh nghiep edng hien. sang tao vii phat trien dai nifdc hen vitng. \ ien Cdng nhan \a Cdng doan (2018) tinh trang tien lu'dng tha'p phd bien
trong nganh Ma> dang lam cho cdng nhan \ ;i gia dinh hg bi mac ket trong vdng ngheo ddi; trong mgt nganh edng nghiep dang bdng no va sinh ldi - vay ma, cdng nhan nganh M,i\ \an phai \ai Ign mdi ngay ehi de kiem dii an. Trifdng VTnh Phu'de (2017) cho rang, kha niing thu nhap ciia NLD irong cae doanh nghiep ngoai qudc doanh tren dia biin TP. Trii Vinh chi d mifc do trung binh va thii'p.
Ke' Ihifa va phat huy ke't qua nghidn cifu eiia cie tae gia di tru'dc: tde gia se tiep tue nghien cifu sau ve eae >eu td' anb bifdng de'n tbu nh^p eiia NLD lai cac khu cdng nghiep tinh Tra Vinh, dd' iCf dd de xua'l eac chinh sach lilng thu nhap eho NLD irong thdi gian tdi.
3. Phi/dng phap nghidn cifu
Difa tren ed sd ly thuyet. cdc nghien cifu trong va ngoai mfdc. lac gia ke' thCfa md hinh hdi quy phll hdp de xde dinh cdc ye'u td'cd anh hifdng den thu nhap eiia NLD tai eac khu cdng nghidp tinh Tr;i Vinh. Nghien cu'u cae ye'u id' tde ddng de'n Ihu nhap eiia NLD trong eac doanh nghidp tai Khu Cdng nghiep Long Difc. TP. Tra Vinh, tinh Tra Vinh du'a tren nghien cifu ciia Ha Hong Nguyen (2018):
Y, = bn + b | X | +b2X2-Hb3X3 + .. + bf,Xf, + u Trong dd:
- Bie'n phu thugc la Thunhap: Thu nhap NLD (ddn vi linh: trieu ddng/ngLfdi/thang)
- Cac bie'n ddc lap X, (i = 1 - 6) bao gdm:
nganh nghd; kinh nghiem. trinh do chuyen mdn;
dan ldc; tdn giao; mdi tru'dng lam viec (Bang 1).
Phu'dng phdp thu ihap sd' lieu b^ng 300 phie'u khao sat vdi eac cau hdi du'de ihie't ke' san, tac gia lien hanh lay y kien cua 300 NLD dang liim viee lai eae doanh nghiep irong Khu Cdng nghiep Long Difc TP Trii Vinh. sau dd xiJ ly .so lieu thdng qua phiin lich hdi quy da bie'n.
4. Ket qua nghien ctfu (Bdng 2}
Kel qua cho thay. cd 5 bie'n cd y nghTa vd mat thong ke. gdm: nganh nghe. kinh nghiem, trinh dd chuyen mdn. dan ldc. moi trLfdng lam viec (ldn gido la bien khdng cd > n^, , . vd mat thd'ng kc) Cu lhe-
168 Sdl -Thang 1/2020
QUAN 181-quANiy
Bang 1. Bdng tong hap cac bien trong mo tiinh
[ ^ Ten Wen
Tliu nhap
Nghe nghidp
, Kinh nghidm
Trinti itf chuygn mdn 1
T6n gi^o
1 M61 tnfdng iam vi^c Ky hi$u
Y
Xl
Xz
X3
X, X5
Xe
Cd sd chpn bieh Mincer (1974), Boijas (2013); Dinh Phi Hd (2015), tdng hop khao sat
Pham Viet Hung, Tran Hoang Nam, Nguyen Thi Ai Lac va Sd Thi Thu Hang (2010); Pham Thi Phong Lan va Truong Hoang Mmh (2014)
Mincer (1974), Borjas (2013); Dinh Phi Hd (2015);
Tdng Qudc Bao (2015)
Mincer (1974), Borjas (2013), Dinh Phi Hd (2015), Ph?m Le Thong (2008), Tdng Qudc Bao (2015) Nguyen Qudc Nghi, Biii Van Trmh (2010) Khao sat chuyen gia
Bui Th| Thu Mmh, Le Nguyen Doan Khdi (2014); Chd Th! Lan, Quyen Dinh Ha (2014); Tdng Qudc Bao (2015)
Ky vpng di'u +
+
^
+
+/- +
+
Ngudn. Tdng hop. bo sung tU cdc nghien cUu lucfc khdo sdl
Bang 2. Ket qua phan tich hoi quy da bien
'h Chl tieu
i
1 (Constant) Nganh nghe Kmh nghiem 1 Trinh dp chuyen monDan (pc 1 Bn giao
Mfii Irudng iam viec Dependent Va
Coefiicients'' H$ so chua
chuan hoa B 1.877 -064 .213 .163 -.211 -.039
Std. Error 264 .029 .049 .037 .083 .076 149 .062 abie. thu nhap , (*,*';"
H$so chuan hoa
Beta
-.127 .241 .249 -.153 -.029 .134
; ian lUOt nha
t 1 Sig.
7.100 -2.194 4.311 4.416 -2 535
-.505 2.406 n miic y ngh
.000 .029"
000"*
000"*
.012"
614ns .017"
a: 90%; 9
Coiiinearity Statistics
Toierance
.856 .924 .905 .787 1 .863
933 5%; 99%)
ViF
1.169 1.082 1.105 1.270 1.158 1.071
yijudn: Chiel vudt tU kel cpid phdn ticb hc'ii cpi\
So 1 -Thang 1/2020 169
TAP Cli eONG TIlTdNG
Saanb ngbe: Co laeddng nghich chieu vdi ihu nhap. trong tnfdng hdp eie nhan id khae khdng dd'i, ne'u nganh nghd tang ihem 1 thi lam cho thu nhap giam xud'ng 0,064. Dieu nay ed nghia la lu> thudc vao nganh nghe eua edng nhan ma mdc Ii/dng phan hda klu*. nhau (cu the la binh quan lu'dng eua edng nhan nganh hda eha't cao hdn ngiinh may mae, ^an xua't da\ dan dien \a che'bie'n ihiiy san); \di mu'c >' nghia 95Q. sai sd 5'; dd'i vdi nghien cdu nay.
Kinh nghiem: Cd tac ddng ciJng chieu vdi Ihu nhap. trong tru'dng hdp eae nhan id khae khdng ddi. neu kinh nghiem tang them 1 nam ihi lam eho thu nhap tang ihdm 0.213 trieu ddng (213 ngiin ddng/lhang). Dieu nay co nghTa la thu nhap sc tiing Ien khi edng nhaned nhieu kmh nghiem;
\di mde y nghTa 999(. sui sd Kr ddi \di nghien cdu nay.
Trinh dc) chuyen mdn: Co uic ddng ciing chieu vdi thu nhap, trong tru'dng hdp cie nhan id khae khdng ddi. neu trinh dd chuyen mdn iang Ihem mdt cap hoc thi liim eho thu nhap iSng ihem 0.163 iricu ddng (163 ngan ddng/thdng) Dieu niiy eii nghia la thu nhap se tang len khi edng nhiin cd trinh Jo ehuyen mdn cang eao; \di mde y nghia 99'<. sai so \^ dd'i vdi nghien ciJu niiy.
Ddn tcic: Cd lae dpng nghich ehieu vdi thu nhap. trong iru'dng hdp eiic nhan id' khae khong ddi. ne'u dan tde lang them I thi lam eho thu nhap giam \u6ng 0.21 I. Dieu na\ ctt nghTa la iLiy thudc vao dan tne edng nhiin mii mdc lu'dng NLD ed lhe la khae nhau. \di mdc >' nghTa 959c.
s.ii sd'5'f dd'i \di nghien edu nay.
.Mdl IrUdng ldm viec: Cd tac ddng ciing chieu
\di thu nhap, trong iriJdng hdp cae nhan id'khae khdng ddi. neu mdi iru'dng lam viee tang them 1 lhi lam cho thu nhap tang them 0.149 trieu ddng 114') ngan ddng/thang). Dieu na> ed nghTa la thu nh.ip se tang len khi eong nhan cd moi iru'dng h'lm \iec td't hdn; \di mdc y nghTa 9>'f. sai so' 5'r dd'i vdi nghien cdu nay.
Tdn gido: La bie'n khdng cd y nghia \ e mai thdna kc.
5. B^ xu5't giai phap niSng cao thu nhfip ciia NLD
5.1. Do'i vdi doanh nghifp tgi khu cdng nghifp
Tbd nhd't, can ed nhieu bien phap kich thich, ddng vien NLD nang cao ndng sud't lao ddng nham ehi tra lu'dng cao bdn.
Qua khao sdt ed 162/300 ngu'di du'de hdi da tra ldi la doanh nghiep ed chinh sach thu hut, tuy nhien cd 138/300 ngu'di tni ldi la doanh nghidp khdng cd ehinh sach thu but. NhiT vdy, neu edc doanh nghiep nao chu'a ihifc hien eac ehinh saeh thu hiil tht can nen thiTc hien, nhiTng doanh nghiep nao da thu'c hien tie'p tue duy tri va phiit trien them mdt sd'bidn phap, nhtf:
Dd'i vdi mot sd' bd phan lao ddng trrrc tid'p hien dang difde tra lu'dng khoan theo cdng viec hoan thanh thi nen xay du'ng mdc lu'dng td'i thieu hang thang cho ea nhdm, ne'u hp hoan thanh khd'i lifdng cdng \iec difdc giao se tra lu'dng lang them. Vdi vice van dung hinh thi'fe trd lifdng khoan ke'i hdp vdi thu'dng, cdc doanh nghiep se khuyen khieh du'de NLD liim viec tich ci/e hdn.
Kieh tbich theo ke'i qua kinh doanh eua doanh nghiep du'de dp dung ehung eho ta't ca NLD trong doanh nghiep. se giup eho mdi NLD hieu du'de mdi quan he giifa ldi ieh ca nhan vdi ke't qua chung Clia doanh nghiep.
Tbd hai, doanh nghiep can cd giai phiip kich thich ve tinh than.
Doanh nghiep can ed mdt sddich vu, phue ldi mien phi eho NLD nhif y le', phong lap the due the thao (bdng ban, cau ldng...); Tang cdc dicli vu giai tri, nhif: td chdc cdc bi?a tiec, di da ngoai, tham quan du lieh.. can chu y nhieu hdn de lao tinli than thoai mai. than thien cho NLD, NLD se gan bd va cdng hien nhieu hdn cho doanh nghiep. Xet ihay. tham quan du lich la mgt trong nhifng bien phap giup ban than NLD difdc thif gian. biet dUdc nhifng danh lam tha'ng canh noi lieng cua dat nifdc, difOc thifdng thdc mdt so dac san viing. midn nhifng do ph., .dnh nang nhi^u khoan chi lieu irong gia dinh nt \ L D khdng tif
170 So'] -Thang 1/2020
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lo difdc chi phi tham quan du lich va rat mong mutfn difdc doanh nghiep td chdc.
Doanh nghiep nen gia tang viec tiep nban va gidi diip cic th^c mac td phia NLD bdng nhieu hinh thiJc. nhli: hop thu" gdp y kin, email chung danh cho doanh nghiep - dieu nay ra't thie't thu'c v4 gilip cho lanh dao ndm ba't du'de tam iif, nguyen vpng, thac mac td pbia NLD, id dd ed bi?n phap giai quyet va thdo gd tao tam ly tin wdng va yen tam lam viec; Cd ehinh saeh dau iLf ph^l tri^n nha d cho nhii'ng gia dinh cdng nhan ngh^o, dam bao moi edng nhan ed ndi d dn dinh, vlquakhtlosalcho tha'y cdn rii't nhieu cdng nhan phSidlFQ hodc d nhd nha ngu'di than.
TliUba, doanh nghiep can day manh cdng tac iho lao. bdi du'dng, nang cao trinh do. Doanh nghidp n6n day manh cdng tac dao tao, bdi difflngchoNLD mdt edeh thu'dng xuyen, lien tuc va xem day la mot trong nhiTng ye'u td cd ban luy?n lay nghe cho dpi ngCi NLD. NLD can danb nhi^u thdi gian cho viec hoc tap nang eao trinh dfi eiia minh vl trinh dp chuyen mdn cd anh hi/dng rat ldn de'n thu nhap,
TItUlU, doanh nghiep tao mdi tru'dng lam viee Ih5n Ihien, an loan cho NLD. Dilu ttf trang thie't bi, si?a chiTa va hd' sung cd sd vat cha't. tang ctfdng e6ng ldc an to^n, ve sinh lao dpng.., se khie'n NLD cam tha'y an tam va hang say lao ddng; trdnh tinh trang NLD ehtfa that stf tha'y thoai mai trong cdng viec. bdi ho chiu sif quan ly chat che cua nhu'ng ngifdi qudn ly trife tiep, hp khong cd cd hdi sdng laova phdl trien y ttfdng.
ThUndin. xSy du'ng chinh sdch lien Ufdng linh hoat. cdng bang. Hoan tbien chinh sdeh lien lifdng. dde biet la cdng tae to chdc tien Itfdng.
uy difng thang bang Itfdng, xay dtfng dinh mdc lao ddng trong cac doanh nghiep thudc mpi thanh phan kinh le. nham thtfc hien nguyen tac phan phoi theo lao ddng va phan phd'i theo stf ddng gop cua mdi ngtfdi. Nghien cdu quy dinb chinh sach tfu dai nhu'ng edng nhan bae cao. nhu'ng Eigtfdi cd tai ndng thtfc stf, lao ddng Itfc khuye'n
^hich cdng nhan cd'na hie'n nang Itfc. tri tue cbo
stf nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai bda va hdi nhap kinh te'quo'c te.
Doanh nghiep can minh bach ve cdeh tinh tien Itfdng dam bao ed stf tham gia tich ctfc ciia NLD va id chdc edng doan: Nhieu doanh nghidp tra Itfdng kin. cd each tinh Itfdng phtfc lap dan de'n NLD khdng tinh dtfdc tien Itfdng eija minh nhtfng NLD ed qu\en dtfdc biet lien Itfdng cua minh dtfde tinh nhtf the'nao. Do vay, doanh nghiep can dm hieu va iuan thu dung eae quy dinh eua phdp luat, can ltfu y de'n cac van de nhtf mtfe Itfdng td'i thieu Nha ntfdc quy dinh. Itfdng thd viec. Itfdng tbdi vu, Itfdng trong ky thai san, d'm dau. nghi viee: ben canhdd. doanh nghiep can trtfng cau y kie'n cua NLD de' bie'l dtfdc tfu, nhtfdc diem cua ed che' tra Itfdng hien tai va nhiTng va'n de can khde phue.
5.2. Gidi phdp cho Lien dodn Lao dgng tinh Trd Vinh
- Tang ctfdng hdn ntfa edng lac thanh tra, kiem tra, gidm sat viec cha'p hanh phdp luat lao ddng ctia doanh nghiep. Dac biet, can Itfu y nhiTng hanh \i vi pham phap lual liim anh htfdng de'n quyen ldi NLD. vl ldi nhuan ma "xem nhe"
NLD.
5.3. Gidi phdp chu Hifp hgi doanh nghifp vd td chdc Cungdodn cdsd
Can lam viec vdi cdc edng ty de linh todn tra mgt mtfe Itfdng du sdng cho NLD. Kbi thtfdng Itfdng ve gid ddn hang, quan ly edng ly can tinh loan so'thdi gian trung binh can thiel de san xuai ra san pbam dd. Sau dd stf dung sd' lieu nay de tinb todn so'Itfdng san pham ed the san xuat hdp lv trong mdt nga) vdi 8 gid lam viee binh thtfdng.
Tren ed sd dd. eac edng ty can cam ke't khdng giam bao gid dtfdi mtfe gid tieu chuan khi canh tranh ddn hang.
Cde td chtfc cdng doiin cd sd: Nang eao vai trd. trdch nhiem eua To ehtfc Cdng doan: life ltfdng lao ddng tre tai khu cdng nghiep. da sd'cd ngudn gd'c xua't than td ndng thdn ra dd thi lilm
\iee. do dd thay ddi tam ly eong ddng fquan he giao lie'p. Id'i sd'ng). tam ly ca nhan (stf ihich
S d l 'Thang 1/2020 171
TtPClitONGTIirilNC
nghi. stf nang ddng. bie't ndm bat ccf hdi, nhan thtfc. stf chuan bi tam !>'...) dci hdi td ehtfe edng doan can tap tmng giao due cdng nhan \ e k>
lual lao ddng, tde phong cdng nghiep. Ben eanh dd. Ban Chap hanh cdng doan ed sd can tich etfe thtfdng Itfdng. xde lap dinh mtfc lao ddng va ddn gia tien Itfdng edng bdng; dam bao eho cdng
nhan tham gia \ a o qud trinh thtfdng Itfcfng l^P the: gidni sdi doanh nghiep \ e cbinh sach tien Itfdng ciia hg; thdng bdo cho khaeh hang (ddi tac Clia doanh nghiep) ve hanh vi khdng tuan thu phdp lual eua doanh nghiep hoae iranh thu stf ho trd cua khach hang de yeu eau doanh nghiep thtfc hien chinh sdch Itfdng du sd'ng •
TAILIEU THWI KHAO:
/. Borjas (2013). Labor Economics 4ib editicm by Borjas. George piibUsbed by McGraw-Hill/Irwin Hardcover.
2. Bui Tbi Tbu Minb. Le Nginen Doan Khdi (2lll4i Nghien cdu cdc nbdn tddnh hudng den dchig lUc ldm vlfc Clia nhdn vien true liep .sdn .xud'i d Temg cdng ly Ldp mdy Viet Nam (LIL\.M.\).
3. Chd Thi Ldn, Quyen Dinh Hd (2014) Cdc nbdn tddnh lufdng clen chd'l lUelng viec Idm cua NLD Irong cdc ccf .sci sdn xudt kinb doanh phi chinh thtic d Hd .\<h.
4. Dmh Phi Ud i2l)l5l. Tde ddng tin dgng cbinh ibUc den tbu nhdp cua ndng bg d Viet Nam.
5. Gregory Mankiw (2003). N^iiiven ly kinh te bgc. Nhe) .xud'l bdn The'ing ke.
6 Ha Hcmg \'i:uyen (20IS). The .study cm faclors influencing wages: The case of laborers in non-slate enterprises in Treivmh province, Vietnam: Asian Jcmrnal ofSclenie and Technology, Vol 9, Issue 09; 8719 - 8721.
7. .Miiucr J.. (1974). Schooling, Experience and Earnings, New York: Columbia Universiiy Press.
8. ,\gu\cii Hitu Diing (2010). He lining cbinh sdch an sinh xd bdi d Viet Nam: Thuc trgng vd dinh bUdng phdt trien, Tgp clu Kboa hoc DHQGHN. Kmh tevd Kmh doanh 26 (2010).
9. Nguven Thi Kim Anb (2017) Gidi phdp tgo dgng lUc cho NLD tcil cdc doanh nghiep vifa vd nhd tren dja bdn TP. Dd Ncfng dila tren thdp nhu cdu i lia Maslow.
10. \gu\en QudcN\;hi vd Bin Van Trinh (2010). Cdc yeu to dnh hudng den tbu nbdp cua ngudi ddn Uic Ihieu sdci ddng bdng song Ciiu Umg. Tgp chi khoa bgc Tntc'lng Dui hcjc Can Tho.
11. Pham Lc Thdng (200S). .Anb hudng cua trinh do hgc vc'in ddi ve'fi thu nhgp ciia NLD d dong hang sdng Cdu Lcmg. nghien cUu kinh te so 412 - thdng 9/2012.
12. Sandra Polaski (2014). Chinh .sdch tien lUcfng lodn cdu, khu vifc vd qudc gia - xu hudng i d thdch thUc, Hot thdo Tien lUcmg qudc gia Viet Nam. Hd \di thdng II. 2014.
13. Tnfcmg VTnh Phudc (2017). Cdc yeu tddnh hudng den thu nhap ciia NLD trong cdc doanh nghiep ngodi qudc doanh tren dui ban TP. Trd Vinh, lugn vdn Thac sy kinh te. Dgi hoc Trd Vmh
Nga\ nhanbai: 13/11/2019
Ngaj phan bi?n danh gia \ a suTa chiJa: 23/11/2019 Ng-i) chap nhSn dflng bai: 3/12/2019
172 Sdi 'Thang 1/2020
qUAN TRj-QUANLY
H9C vien Cao h9c - Bai h'?: "i\-i \ inh Phd Chli tieh LiSn doan Lao ddng tinh Trk
FACTORS AFFECT THE INCOME OF EMPLOYEES WORKING IN TRA VINH
P R 0 V i ; , c t ' S INDUS! >" * 'PARKS
• Assoc.Prof.Pli.D NGUYEN HONG HA Head of Department of Finance a n d Banking,
Tra Vinh University
• LE THI KIM C H I Master's student, Tro Vinh University
Vice Chairwoman of Tra Vinh Province's Federatic^ - ' '.-hour
ABSTRACT:
The study aim.s to solve ttie problem of increasing incomes and improving the quality of life for Vietnamese workers worldng in industrial parks and economic zones, specifictlly in Tra Vinh province. The study's results show that diere are five factors affecting the income of employees working in Long Duc industrial park, Tra Vinh Province, namely the occupation, the work experience, the qualificatio, the ethnic minority and the \\u..» environment factors.
In particular, tthe work experience and the qualification factors greatly affect the income of employees. Based on results, the study proposes solutions to improve the incnmr' -^f employees, ensure the social security and stabilize the lives of workers in the future
Keywords: Income, factor, employee, industrial zone, Tra Vinh Province,
S o l -Thong 1/2020 173
