VIEN D L \ LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L'Y 'VIET NAM
DU LICH THlTA T H I E N HUE NHIN TlT G O C D O P H A T T R I E N BEN V C T N G
Nguyin Tudng', Nguyin Thi Minh Huong'
SUMMARY
Thua Thien Hue tourism on the aspect of stable development
77?^ article has referred to the stable development of the tourism in Thua Thien Hue province. It is based on ten criteria of economy, social - culture and environmental - resowses. Though examined results, the article has proposed seven possible resolutions which take part in promoting tourist activhies stably and firmly.
I. DAT VAN DE
Du ljch dugc xac djnh la nganh kinh te niDi nhgn cua tinh Thira Thien Hue. Trong nhung nam qua, sy phat trien cua boat dgng du ljch da gdp phan lam cho bg mat kinh te - xa hdi cua tinh co nbieu thay ddi quan trgng, xirng dang la mgt trung tam du ljch ciia vung du ljch Bac Trung Bg va cua ca nude. Tuy nhien, qua qua trinh phat trien ben canh nhung thanh qua to Idn da dat dugc, nganh du Ijch Thua Thien Hue cOng van cdn mdt sd van de bat cap. Do dd. viec dua vao mgt sd cbi tieu ve kinh te, van hda - xa hdi va moi trudng de xem xet nham de xuat giai phap gdp phan thuc day du ljch ThOa Thien Hue phat trien theo hudng ben virng la can thiet va cd y nghia kboa hgc.
II. DANH GIA HOAT D Q N G DU LICH T H I T A THIEN HUE THEO HLTONG PHAT TRIEN BEN VtTNG
1. Cac chi tieu co" ban danh gia su phat trien du Ijch ben viing
Phat trien du ljch ben vung la sy phat trien du Ijch dap ung cac nhu cau hien tai ma khdng lam tdn hai den kha nang dap ung nhu cau v l du ljch cua tuong lai, hay ndi each khac, phat trien du ljch ben vu'ng phai bao dam bieu qua cao vl kinh tl, van hda - xa hgi va tai nguyen - mdi trudng.
a. Cdc chi tieu ve kinh ti
Phat trien du ljch ben vung trudc hit phai dam bao sy tang trudng lien tue, In djnh cua cac chi tieu vl kinh tl. Theo xu thi phat triln chung hien nay d tren the gidi cung nhu d trong nude, cac chi tieu kinh t l dugc phat triln lien tue trong nhilu nam (tren dudi 10 nam) d muc trung binh 8 - 10%/nain, thi dugc coi la phat triln bin vung.
Cac chi tieu cu the gdm chi tieu vl khach du Ijch, doanh thu va tdng san pbim du Ijch, CO' sd vat chat ky thuat, lao dgng.
h. Cdc chi tiiu vi vdn hda - xd hdi
Trong phat trien du Ijch ben vung, nganh du lich phai cd sy ddng gop cho qud trinh phat trien cua xa hgi nhu tao cdng an viec lam cho ngudi lao dgng, tham gia xda 'Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Hue
'^ft Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan tb&S - Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM H ^ t B I A LY VIET NAM
ddi giam ngheo, nang cao chat lugng cugc song cua ngirdi dan d vung sau. vimg xa.
chia se lgi ich tir cac boat dgng du Ijch, dam bao sir cong bing trong phat triln, sop phin h i trg cac nganh kinh te khac cung phat trien. Vdi mat nay, cac chi lieu dugc su dung dl danh gia phat trien du Ijch ben vung ve xa hgi bao gdm ; Mirc do phat triln cac he thing doanh nghiep du ljch vira va nhd, mirc do hai Idng va hgp tac cua cgng ding dja phuong doi vdi cac boat dgng du lich...
Ben canh do, can phai quan lain den viec khai thac mgt each cd hieu qua nhiinij gia trj van hda truyen thong, net van hda dac trung mang tinh nhan van...con tin tai trong cdng dong, nham muc dich tai tao, trinh dien cac gia trj van hda qua cac trilu d;ii, dong thdi td chirc cac boat dgng van hda du Ijch, tang kha nang thu hiit khach du Ijch va thuc diy nganh du ljch phat trien.
c. Cdc chi lieu vi tdi nguyen - mdi trudng
Phat trien du ljch ben vung phai khai thac va sir dung mgt each bgp ly, cd hieu qua tai nguyen - mdi trudng. De dat dugc nuic tieu nay, trong qua Irinh phat triln, nganh du lich can cd nhiing ddng gdp cho cdng tac ton tao tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng,...Ve mat nay can de cap den mgt sd chi tieu nhu sd lugng (ti le) cac khu, diem du ljch dugc dau tu tdn tao va bao ton; so lugng (ti le) cac khu, dilm du ljch dugc quy hoach (theo td chirc Du ljch The gidi, neu cdc ti le nay vugt qua 50%o thi boat dgng du Ijch dugc xem la trong trang thai dang phat trien ben vung). Ngoai ra, viec xac djnh cudng do boat ddng cua eae khu, diem du Ijch sao cho khdng vugt qua ngudng tieu chuan moi trudng, tieu thii nang lugng va sire chira cOng can dugc quan tam dung muc.
Nhu vay, tir sy phan tich tren co the nhan thay, viec phat trien du Ijch theo huong ben vimg phai nhat thiet ket hgp bai hda giOa cac mat, cac khia canh cua cac cbi tieu ndi tren.
2. Mot sd ket qua danh gia
a. Nhin chung, hau bet cac cbi tieu ve kinh te d Thira Thien Hue deu tang trudng cao va lien tue, dam bao cho du Ijch phat trien theo hudng ben vung . Tuy nhien, neu xem xet cu the tOng chi tieu cd the nhan thay mdt sd van de can quan tam;
- Vi lugt khdch du lich: DO trong thdi gian qua (2001-2008) khach du ljch den Thu'a Thien Hue co sy gia tang vdi toe do binh quan 17,87%/nam, nhung su gia tang do lai chua deu va dn djnh, nhat ki ddi vdi khach qudc tl. Nhu nam 2004 so vdi nam 2003, lugt khadi du Ijch qudc te giam tdi 19.000 ngudi. Hon nua, sd ngay luu tru trung binh cua khach so vdi cac dja phuong khac nhu Ha Ngi, thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cdn rat thap, trung binh vdi khach quIc tl la 1,99 ngay, khach ndi dja la 1,97 ngay.
- Vi doanh thu du lich: Doanh thu du Ijch lien tue tang, t i e do tang trudng binh quan dat 26,4%/nain giai doan 2001-2008. N I U nam 2001, doanh thu chi 232 ty thi din nam 2008 da len den 1.143,5 ty, trong dd doanh thu tu khach qudc te binh quan chiem 59%) doanh thu du Ijch. Neu xet vl co ciu chi tieu theo cac mat chu yeu la luu trii va an udng, rieng 2 djch vu nay da chilm 49%. Sau dd la van chuyin du ljch, con bang luu niem va cac djch vu khac la it nhit.
Hgi nghi Kboa bgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n th&S-Hd Ndi, 2010 '^9
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA hit VIET NAM
Luot khach
1800 r
2001 2002 2003 2004
I h 2005 2006 2007
Doanh thu
2008
rUKi! Lwgt khach
—•— Doanh thu
Biiu dd 1: Lugt khdch vd doanh thu ciia du lich Thira Thiin Hui
- vi tdng san phdm du lich; Ti trgng GDP binh quan cua nganh du Ijch va djch vu chilm khoang 36,51% trong ting GDP cua tinb giai doan 2002-2007, xung dang la nganh kinh t l mOi nhgn da dugc xac djnh va nga> cang chuyen dich di Ien. Nam 2008' chiem 45,3%o va nam 2009 chiem 45.9%o. Tuy nbien trong nam 2009, sy ddng gdp cua du ljch cho muc tang trudng chi chiem 0,37%) trong 11,2%) GDP cua tinb.
- vi dgi ngii lao dgng : Nhan thirc rd ddi ngu lao ddng, nhat la ve mat chat lugng la nhan td quan trgng quyet djnh den boat dgng du ljch nen dugc nganh quan tam phat trien.
Giai doan 2002 - 2008 tu 3.312 ngudi tang len 5.500 ngudi, tdc do tang tru'dng dat 12,07%.
Nam 2008 cd 85%) lao dgng da qua dao tao trong so dd 35%o cd trinh do dai bgc, 50%o co trinh do trung cap va 15%o trinh do so' cap. Nhin chung, du cd sy tang ve sd lugng va chat lugng song van chua dap img dugc trudc yeu cau ngay cang cao cua nganh.
- Ve ca sd vdt chdt ky thudt du lich: Cac co sd luu tru tang kha nhanh, binh quan khoang tren 10%o tu' nam 2001 - 2008 va sd khach san 4,5 sao cOng ngay cang nhieu.
Tuy nhien ty le sd co' sd kru tru cd quy md nho ( dudi 20 phdng ) cOng dang cdn Idn, 30%o. Dac biet cac co sd vui choi giai tri hau nhu khong cd gi.
b. Ddi vdi van boa - xa bdi ;
- Ve suphdt triin ciia he thdng doanh nghiep: Vua phat trien ve sd lugng vira da dang ve cac hinb thirc sd huu. Neu nam 2000 mdi chi ed 61 doanh nghiep thi din nam 2008 da len den 156 doanh nghiep gom 21 doanh nghiep cua nha nude, 4 doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu nude ngoai, 6 cong ty co phin, 125 cdng ty trach nhiem buu ban va doanh nghiep tu nhan.
- Vi mirc do hdi long vd hgp tdc ciia cgng dong dia phuang ddi vdi cdc hogt ddng du lich: Cd khoang 95%o tdng sd lao dgng trong nganh la ngudi dan dja phuong tham gia bau het d cac linh vyc nhu quan ly, nha bang, khach san, van chuyin, hudng din...Phuc lgi chung cua cgng ddng dugc nang len the bien d viec co sd ha tang cac khu vyc phat trien du lich dugc dau tu. Ngoai ra nguon vdn tu cac td chuc qudc te, co' quan trung uong va tai cho tap trung cho cac dy an bao ton, ton tao tai nguyen du ljch cung da gop phin thuc day nen kinh te tinb phat trien.
- Ve viec khai thdc nlurng gid ni vdn hda truyen thdng: Va mdt trung tam van hoa va du Ijch. Thira Thien Hue mgt mat phat buy cac gia trj van hda truyen thdng vao phat triln du lich
130 Hdi ngbi Kboa bgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&s - Hd Ndi 2010
v i F N DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
nhu cac ll hgi, nhOng gia trj van hda ciia cac di tich van hda - ljch sir,... mat kluic ton tao, bao ve cac gia trj vat the va phi vat the khong de bi tac dgng ciia luing van Ii6a ngoai lai. Tuy vav'.
nlu xcl vl phuong dien khai thac cac gia tri van boa do vao viec phdt trien du lich thi hieu qua vin chua cao, chua tao dugc sir bap dan, thu hut manh du khach.
c. cac chi lieu ve tai nguyen va moi Irudng:
- Vi sd lugng (ti le) cdc khu, diem du lich dugc ddu tu tdn tgo, bdo tdn vd quy hocich: Xac djnh dugc vai trd to Idn ciia tai nguyen va nidi trudng dii vdi sy phat triln du lich, tinh da cd su quan tam vao viec dau tu, ton tao va quy hoach cac khu, diem du Ijch va tang cudng he thong xir ly moi trudng,... DO vay, cong tac nay chua thyc su dam bao; sd diem du Ijch dugc dau tu, tdn tao mdi dat 118 trong ting sl 373 dilm du Ijch cua tinh ( chiem 31,6%o ); sd khu , diem du Ijch dugc quy hoach la 45.
Chinh vi the tai nguyen va mdi trudng du Ijch van phai chju mgt sire ep Idn tu' qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va cd xu hudng suy thoai neu khong dugc ngan chan.
- Vi cudng do hogt ddng ciia cdc khu, diim du lich: Lugng khach den Thua Thien Hue tuong ddi deu cac thang trong nam nen siic tai tai cac khu, diem du Ijch hau nlur khong vugt qua ngudng cho phep. Tuy nhien; trong cac ky festival do tap trung vao mgt thdi gian ngan nen cOng cd mgt sd noi bj qua tai.
3. Giiii phap de xuat
- Nang cao chat lugng cong tac quy hoach; ra soat lai cac quy hoach tdng the; xem xet cac kha nang, dy bao, cap nhat thdng tin; xac djnh hudng phat trien de phat huy cac the manh. Tien hanh quy hoach mdt so khu vyc trgng diem nhu khu du ljch Lang Cd, cum du ljch thanh phd Hue va phu can, vung du Ijch sinh thai dam pha Tam Giang - cau Hai
- Coi trgng ngudn nhan luc thdng qua viec day manh dao tao chuyen nghiep vdi yeu cau cao; uu tien trong tuyeii diing cho ngudi gdc Hue; td chuc thirdng xuyen cac Idp bdi dudng, tap huan, hgi thi tay nghe cho can bg, cdng nhan; tao co hgi de ngudi lao dgng dugc hgc tap kinh nghieni trong va ngoai nude, trau ddi kha nang ngoai ngu...
- Tang cudng cdng tac xiic tien, tuyen truyen quang ba, gidi thieu mgt each cd trach nhiem ve tiem nang, hien trang, cac tour, diem, cac san pham du Ijch bang nbieu hinh tbirc da dang, phong phii den cac thj trudng trgng diem. Trien khai va ung dung cdng nghe thong tin trong cdng tac nay. Tham gia day du cac bdi chg, hgi thao, trien lam trong va ngoai nude.
- Khuyen khich va bd trg cgng ddng dja phuong tham gia boat dgng du ljch nhu ddng gdp y kien, giam sat ve viec thyc hien quy hoach; tham gia cac ban quan ly du an;
c6 dai dien trong viec gidi quylt nhOng mau thuin, xung dot; uu tien cho cac boat dgng nhu trinh dien cac nghe thu truyin thing, cac djch vu hd trg du ljch
- Md rdng thi truong quIc tl trong dd tap trung vao Tay Au nhu Phap, Due, Anh; thj trudng Bic My nhu My, Canada; thj trudng Ddng Bic A nhu Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban, Han Quoc. Ddi vdi trong nude cin hudng din cac thj trudng cd kha nang chi tra cao nhu Ha Ndi, Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh, Da Ning. D I phuc vu thi trudng tren can xay dyng dugc nhung san phim du Ijch dac sic, hip dan, cao cap gan vdi 2 di san van hda thi gidi.
Hdi ngbi Kboa bgc Dia ly Toan qud'c lan tb&S - Ha Ndi, 2010 ''^'
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIgTJ<AM
- Tap trung diu tu cd trgng dilm va ding bg: huv dgng vdn tu mgi nguon lye;
phat triln co sd ba ting va ca sd vat chat ky thuat: md rdng khdng gian boat dgng cua cac ky festival: cd bien phap khai thac hieu qua tilm nang, tranh sy qua tai d cac diem du Ijch.
- xay dyng cac khu du ljch phia Tay Nam Thanh phd Hul, Lmig Cd, Bach Ma. Son Cha: cac tuyin du ljch c l dd Hul. Hul - Bach Ma - Lang Cd. Hue - Thuan An - Tam Giang - Ciu Hai, Hul - A ludi - Dudng H I Chi Minh, Hul - Da Ning - Hgi An - Thanh dia My Son. Hue - Lao Bao - Dgng Phong Nha.
III. KET LUAN
Thdi gian qua. boat dgng du lich Thira Thien Hue da cd budc phat trien tot the hien lugt khach ngay cang nhieu. doanh thu ngay cang cao, ty- trgng ddng gdp vao GDP tinh cua nganh ngay cang Idn, dgi ngu lao dong tang ve sd lugng va nang cao ve chat lugng, nhilu khach san dugc xay dung them. Ben canh do. nhieu doanh nghiep ra ddi vdi thanh phan da dang; boat ddng du ljch da cd nhieu ddng gop cho cdng ddng dja phuong; budc dau da khai thac dugc mgt so gia trj van boa truyen thong phuc vu du ljch; mgt sd khu, diem du lich dugc quy hoach. dau lu; quan tam den viec bao ve mdi trudng...
Trong thdi gian den, de sy phat trien dat dugc sy ben vu'ng can phai cd nhung giai phap dong bg ve cac mat nhu qu) hoach, nguon nhan lye, tiep thj quang ba, chia se vdi cgng dong dja phuong, thu hut thj trirdng on djnh. day manh sir dau tu va xay dyng cac khu. diem va tuyen du Ijch. Su phat trien ben vung cua du ljch khdng chi cd y nghia ddi vdi nganh ma cdn cd y nghia doi vdi ca nen kinh te cua tinh. Day cOiig la xu hudng chung ciia cac boat dgng ma bat cii qudc gia, lanh tho, khu vyc nao hicn nay cOng mong muon dat den.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Dinh Hoe, Nguyen Van Hieu (2001), Du lich ben vung, Nxb Dai hgc Qudc gia. Ha ngi.
2. Sd van hda - The thao - Du ljch Thira Thien Hue (2008), Bdo cdo tdng kit hogt dgng nganh du lich nam 2007 vd phirong hirdng nhiem vu ndm 2008.
3. Nguyen Thj Minh Hu'O'ng (2009), Nghien cim hogt dgng du lich Thira Thien Hui theo huang phdt trien ben vung, Luan van Thac sT Dja li, DHSP Hul.
132 Hdi ngbi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&s - Hd Ndi 2010
