T.»P CHi ICHOA HQC TRlfCING BAI HQC H 6 N G BlTC - SO 41.2018
THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN L^C DU LICH VUNG BAC TRUNG BO
T r i n h Thi P h a h '
TOM TAT
Ngdnh du lich vimg Bde Trung Bd trong thdi gian qua cd nhOng budc phdt trien ddngke ve nhiiu phucmg dien. Suphdt trien cua he thdng ca sd vdt chdt ky thudt. he thing cdc diem, khu du lich trong vimg dd thu hut ngdy cdng ddng ddo lao ddng tham gia vdo ngdnh ndy. Nghien ciiv "Thuc trgng phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc du lich vimg Bde Trung Bg" dd tap trung ddnh gid cdc lieu chi: so lugng. chdt lugng. hieu qud lao ddng vd cdng tdc ddo tgo. phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc.vd so sdnh cdc tieu chi vdi cd nude cdng nhu cdc vimg du lich khdc. Tren cosddd nghien ciru de xudt mdt sd gidi phdp ndng cao chdt lugng vd hieu qud sir dung ngudn nhdn li^c du lich cua viing Bac Trung Bg,
Tir khoa: Bde Trung Bg. thuc trgng phdt trien. nhdn luc du lich.
I.DATVANDE
Bac Trung Bo la vung flat giau tiem nang pliat triSn du licli. Trong nhiing nam qua, du ljch Bac Trung Bo c6 toe do tang truong an tugng va dat dugc k6t qua tich cue a nhigu phuang dien: thu hiit lugng khach Ion lam gia tang t6c dp phat triln ciia he th6ng co sof v^t chat ky thuat; tir do da keo theo sir phat trign cua ngufin nhan luc. Nghien cim "Thuc trgng phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc du lich viing Bde Trung Bo" thong qua phan tich cac chi tieu s6 lugng, chat lugng va hieu qua lao dong ciia dgi ngii trong giai doan 2000 - 2015, ih xujt mgt so dinh huong phat triln nguon nhan luc du lich cua vung trong giai doan tai.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. T h m trang phSt trien nguon nhan lire du lich v i n g BJc Trung B$
2.7.7. Sd lugng nhdn luc
Toe dg phat triSn du lich nhanh chong nhOng nam gjn day da thu hut dong dao lao dong tham gia vao linh vuc nay. Tren quy ma ca nuac, nam 2000 co s6 lao dOng tnic tiSp la 150.000 nguoi, den 2010 da tang len 490.000 nguoi va nam 2015 co khoang 555.000 nguoi lao dong trong ITnh vuc du lich (tang 3,7 ISn sau 15 nam) [6]. Trong xu thS do, lao dong nganh du lich cua B8c Trung Bg cung co budc ting trudng kha. Nam 2000, toan vimg chi co 8.650 lao dong, din 2005 con s6 tang len xdp xi 2 Ito, dat 17.040 ngucri; ting truong trung binh giai doan 2000 - 2005 dat 14,5%/nam, cao hon miic trung binh ca nuorc toi 3,3 diem phan tram (ca nuac la 11,2%).
' Gimg viin khoa Khoa hoc Xa hqi, Truong Dai hoc Hdng Diic
106
T^P c m KHOA HQC T R l / ^ N G BAI HQC HONG PlTC - SO 41.2018
Giai doan 2006 - 2015, dpi ngu lao dpng dupe tang cudng nhanh chdng do nhu cau phat trien nham duy tri tdc dp tang trudng lupng khach. Din nam 2010, nganh du lich BSc Trung Bd da thu hut hem 46,7 nghin lao ddng true tilp, chilm 9,8% tdng sd lao dOng hen toan qudc, tSng truong 22,4% giai doan 2005 - 2010. Tinh din thang 12 nam 2015, tdng sd lao ddng toan vung la hon 72,1 nghin ngudi, chilm ti le 11,6% so vdi sd lao ddng toan nganh tren ca nude. Hon niia, sd lupng lao ddng tham gia gian tilp va hudng Ipi tir boat ddng du lich hong vhng thudng ldn hon gdp 2 ISn lao ddng true tilp. Dilu nay chimg td hieu qua xa hdi cua nganh du lich ddi vdi v4n d l giai quylt viec lam, tang thu nhap la rit ldn. Tuy nhien, sd lupng lao ddng nganh du lich chi chilm chua din 2% tdng sd lao ddng hong cac nganh kinh te cua viing Bac Trung Bd. Hon nua quy md lao ddng toan viing cdn kha khiem tdn so vdi cac vung khac hong ca nude: chi bang 73,1% quy md lao ddng viing Duyen hai Nam Trung Bp (DHNTB) va 44,8% quy md cua viing Ddng bing sdng Hdng (DBSH) va Duyen hai Ddng BSc (DHDB).
Sd lupng lao ddng du lich phan bd khdng deu giira cac tinh trong viing. Trudc nam 2010, sd lupng lao ddng tap trung nhilu d ba tinh Thanh Hda, Thira Thien Hul, Nghe An;
giai doan 2010-2015 danh dSu s\i vuon len nhanh chdng ciia dpi ngu lao ddng du lich tinh Quang Tri vdi sd lupng tang ddt biln Day la nhiing dia phuong cd lich su khai thac va phat triln du ljch kha sdm; sd lupng va quy md cac co sd luu tni, cac h5ng lij banh, nha hang, khu vui choi nhieu. Rieng Thanh Hda va Quang Tri cd sd lupng lao ddng chilm ty le ddng nhat vdi 35% (Quang Tri) va 25,7% (Thanh Hda). Thuc tl, day la kit qua chua tach sd lao ddng thdi vu va lao ddng phd thdng chua qua dao tao - lire luong chilm kha ldn hong CO cau lao ddng cua dia phuong.
Bang 1. Lao dong trirc tiep nganh du lich viing B3c Trung B6 giai doan 2010 - 2015 Dan VI tinh: Ngirdi Ten tinh
Thanh Hoa Nghe An Ha Tinh Quang Binh
Quang Tri Thira Thien-Hue BAC TRUNG BO
2010 10.500 5.702 2.570 1.892 18.000
8.100 46.764
2011 12.900 6.352 2.791 2.179 18.700 9.600 12.522
2012 14.300 6.372 2.987 2.473 23.800 10.800 60.732
2013 15.000 7.076 3.365 3.050 25.000 11.200 64.690
2014 16.460 7.492 3.522 3.200 25.055 12.500 6S.230
2015 18.500 7.492 3.766 4.100 25.235 13.000 72.100 Ngudn: SdVH-TT-DL cdc tinh Bac Trung Bd Lao ddng trong nganh du ljch d Bac Trung Bp cd ca cau gidi tinh, co cdu ITnh vuc boat ddng tuong tu nhu co cau chung toan nganh du lich. Lao ddng trong khu vuc quan ly Nha nude va su nghiep d cac Sd Van hda, The thao va Du lich, Phdng Van hda - Thdng tin, don vi su nghiep chiem ti 1? rdt nhd. Trung binh ca nude dpi ngu nay chi chilm 1,9%
T ^ CHi KHOA HQC TRl/PtNG DAI HQC H 6 N G PlTC - S 6 41.2018
tdng sd lao ddng hare tilp toan nganh. Nhan lire kinh doanh du lich chilm da sd vdi 98,1%.
v l CO cdu gidi tinh, lao ddng nil d do tudi 20 - 30 chilm ti le ldn trong cac doanh nghiep, CO sd kinh doanh du lich; nam gidi chilm ti le thdp hem va thudng cd dp tudi cao ban. Day la ITnh vuc cd co cdu lao ddng theo dp tudi kha he va nil chiem sd ddng ban so vdi nhieu nganh kinh t l khac do tmh chat dac thu.
2.1.2. Chdt luong nhdn luc
Dpi ngu lao ddng du lich cua BSc Trung Bd cd chdt lupng ngay mdt nang cao. Ti hpng lao ddng cd trinh dp dai hpc ttd len tang manh hong 10 nam h d lai day: tu 12,5% (2005) tang len 19,9% (2015). Lao dpng hinh dp cao ddng, trung cap chilm sd ddng va ca cau dn dinh. Lao ddng duoc dao tao ngoai nganh cd ti hpng tuong ddi ldn nhung xu hudng giam ddn hr 26,7% nam 2005 xudng cdn 20,7% nam 2015. Dac biet luu y, lao dpng du lich Bde Trung Bd chua qua dao tao chilm ti le kha ldn tuy cd ti trpng giam (Bang 3). Day la dpi ngu lao ddng hop dong theo thdi vu d cae ca sd kinh doanh du lich theo miia. Su cd mat ciia nhdm lao ddng nay tuy khdc phuc dupe tinh trang qua tai cua du khach vao miia du lich song lai anh hudng khdng nhd din chdt luong phuc vu va hinh anh cua du lich dia phuang.
Dpi ngii lao ddng quan ly cd ti le chuyen mdn eao nhat trong sd cac ITnh vuc ciia nganh du lich. Hp ddng vai trd nghien eihi, dao tao, lam du an phat trien du lich, chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat... Da sd can bd quan ly Nha nude d cae dia phuong deu dupe diio tao chuyen nganh van hda du lich, quan tti kinh doanh du lich, khach san... ti le ldn dupe dao tao chinh quy.
Bang 2. Ctf cau nguon nhan luc du lich phan theo trinh dO, giai doan 2005 - 2015 Dan vi: % Trinh do
Dai hoc va tren dai hoc Cao dang, trung cap
Dao tao khac Chua qua dao tao
Tong so
2005 12,5 29,5 26,7 31,4 100
2010 18,6 31,6 22,3 27,%
100
2015 19,9 31,6 20,7 27,9 100
Nguon: Tdng hgp vd xu ly tir sd lieu cdc sdVH-TF-DL Trinh do ngoai ngir ciia lao dong du lich trong vimg co ti 1? cao hon nhieu so vcri cac nganh kinh te khac. So lao dong c6 ngoai ngir tot thucmg tap trung a dgi ngu huofng dan vien, dac biet huang din vien qu6c tl. Tinh din thai dilm hien tai, vimg co 1170 hudng dan vien qudc t l co the dang hoat dong, chilm 9,5% so voi t6ng s6 huong din vien qu6c tl hoat dong tren ca nuoc, thlp han vung du lich Duyen hai Nam Trung Eg tai 12,3 dilm phln tram (Duyen hai Nam Trung Bg chilm 21.8% s i lugng loan quoe). T6C dg gia tang dgi ngu huang dan vien quic t l dat 11,1%/nam giai doan 2012 - 2016 [7]. Trang s6 do, hucmg din thong thao tilng Anh co s6 lugng dong nhat vol 680 ngucri (58,1%), tilng Phap dung thir hai vai 212 nguoi (18,1%) va 125 nguoi thong thao tilng Trung (10,7%) xIp thii 3.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRtTONG PAI HOC HONG BtfC - SO 41.2018
Dang chii y la vung Bac Trung Bd cd sd hudng dan vien dung tieng Thai cao nhat ca nude vdi 86 ngudi tren tdng so 192 hudng din vien thdng thao ngoai ngii nay d Viet Nam (44,8%). Dieu nay phan anh thuc te ve viec viing ddn khach tir Thai Lan, Lao ciing nhu md nhiSu tour giii khach den viing kha tdp nap nhiing nam gan day.
Bang 3. So lirgng hudng dSn vi^n du ljch vung B^c Trung B$ nam 2015
Don vi tinh: Ngudi Dia phuong
Thanh Hoa Nghe An Ha Tinh Quang Bmh Quang Tri Thira Thien - Hue Tong s6 Ti le so vdi cd nude
Quoe te 32 59 13 101 96 869 1170 9,5%
Ngi dia 108
95 13 94 18 267 595 75%
Ngudn: Tdng hgp tie ngudn [7]
Thira Thien Hue, Quang Binh la cac dia phuong cd sd lupng hudng dan vien qudc te ddng nhat viing, rieng hai tinh nay chiem 82,9% tdng sd; tiep theo la Quang Tri. Cac dia phuong nay hang nam ddn lupng khach qudc te theo tour rat ldn va cd nhu cau sir dung hudng din vien de tim hieu, kham pha cac gia tri di san cung nhu cac di tich lich su - each mang.
Mac dii chdt lupng dpi ngu nhan luc cd nhieu chuyen bien song van tdn tai nhiing ban ehl: ty le lao ddng ttong cac ca sd luu tni, nha hang cd ti le ldn chua dupe dao tao bai ban ddn din cdn thilu ky nang va tinh chuyen nghiep. Kien thuc hdi nhap, ngoai ngii, tin hpc; kha nang sang tao chua dap ung yeu cau xa hpi. Trong xu the hdi nhap ngay cang sau rdng, nin kinh tl tri thiic phat triln vdi tdc dp nhanh ddi hdi dpi ngu nhan lire du ljch ttong viing cdn nang cao ban nua kha nang lam viec, hpp tac cung nhu chu ddng, sang tao ttong chuyen mdn, gdp phdn thiic ddy tang trudng cua nganh mdt each ben vihig.
2.1.3. Hieu qud hogt dpng cua nguon nhdn luc
Hieu qua hoat dpng cua ngudn nhan lire du lich viing Bac Tmng Bd budc dau dupe cai thien thi hien qua chi tieu nang suat lao ddng bmh quan toan viing. Nam 2000, nang sudt lao ddng binh quan ciia nganh du heh trong viing Bae Trung Bd chi dat 58,6 hieu ddng/ngudi, din nam 2005 dat muc 79,7 trieu ddng/ngudi, tang 21,1 trieu ddng/ngudi ttong vdng 5 nam va tang trudng trung binh giai doan 2000 - 2005 dat 6,3%. Giai doan 2010 - 2015, chi tieu nay tang dot biln vdi tdc dp tang trudng cao, dat 24,7%/nam: tir 89,2 ttieu ddng/ngudi (2010) len 286,6 trieu ddng/ngudi (2015), cao gap 3,6 ldn nang sudt lao ddng xa hdi ttung binh ca nude nam 2015 [8].
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRUpNC BAI HQC H 6 N G BtfC - SO 41.2018
Bing 4. Nang suat lao dong binh quSn nginh du ljch vung BSc Trung B8 Dan vi linh: Trieu dong/ngudi/ndm Ten tinh
Thanh Hoa Nghe An
Ha TTnh Quang Binh
Quang Tri Thira Thien - Hue
Toan vimg 2010 114,3 175,9 91,1 79,3 11,2 170,5 89,2
2011 174,0 347,6 91,7 288,1 50,6 172,6 151,2
2012 178,3 399,3 135,0 402,8 44,1 204,6 160,6
2013 203,3 483,5 123,3 613,3 48,0 218,0 191,7
2014 224,2 523,3 87,0 1069,1
50,7 216,6 224,5
2015 279,7 608,7 106,2 1170,7 57,4 229,6 268,6 Ngudn: Tinh todn tirsd lieu cdc Sd VH- TT-DL Hidu qua lao ddng du heh kha chenh lech giiia cac dia phucmg va cd tdc dp tang trudng khdng ddng diu giiia cac giai doan. Giai doan 2000 - 2010, Thira Thien Hul, Nghe An, Thanh Hda la nhiing dia phuang co nang suat lao ddng du lich cao hon cac tinh cdn lai; trong dd Thira Thien Hul gdp 150 ldn nang sudt toan viing. Giai doan 2010 - 2015 Quang Binh vuon len diing ddu vl nang sudt lao ddng nganh du lich: tang nhanh chdng tii 79,3 trieu ddng/ngudi nam 2010 len tdi 1170,7 trieu ddng/ngudi; eao gap 4,3 lan miic hung binh toan viing, gdp 1,9 ldn dia phuang xep thii 2 la Nghe An.
So sanh nang suat lao ddng du lich viing Bde Trung Bd vdi ca nude va mdt sd vimg khac cho thay viing nay ebi bang 49% nang suat lao ddng du lich ca nude, bang 58% khu vuc DBSH va DHDB, chi bdng 74% viing DHNTB (sd lieu nam 2015) (Hinh 1).
Tneu dong/ngiroi
544,887 4 6 1 0 2 3
BTB DHNTB DBSH & DHDB CS nui^C
Hinh 1. Nang suat lao dong binh qu3n ngitnh du ljch m$t so vung va ca nirdc [4] [6]
2.1.4. Ddo tgo vdphdt triin ngudn nhdn luc
Viing Bac Trung Bd cd 25 co sd cd chucmg trinh dao tao du lich d cac trinh dp khac nhau, trong do cd 2 co sd dao tao chuyen sau (Cao ddng nghi Du lich Hul va Trung cdp du lich miln Trung d Nghe An); cdn lai da sd la cac khoa hire thudc. Chuong trinh dao tao day dli cac bac, dac biet cd cac chuang trinh lien thdng tir trung cdp, cao ddng len dai hpc, cac chucmg trinh lien kit vdi cac ea quan, doanh nghiep kinh doanh du lich. Thira Thien
TAP c m KHOA HQC TRtTOfNG BAI HOC HONG BlTC - SO 41.2018
Hue la dia phuong tap trung nhilu ban ea cac trudng dai hpc, cao ddng dao tao du lich ttong toan vimg. Trong sd do, khoa Du lich tiTidng Dai hpe Hul va trudng Cao ddng Nghi du lich Hue cd ca sd vat chat va chuong ttinh dao tao dupe danh gia cao.
Trong nhiing nam qua, nang luc dao tao, day nghe, huan luyen va bdi dudng cua he thdng cac co sd dao tao du lich ttong vimg Bac Trung Bd tOmg budc dupe nang cao.
Chuang trinh, dd cuong, giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao, chuyen khao cae hpc phdn, mdn hpc dupe bien soan day du va dam bao chat lupng. Dpi ngu giang vien, giao vien, dao tao vien cac co sd gia tang nhanh ve sd lupng va duac chudn hda vdi ti le cao.
Tuy nhien, tai nhieu co sd dao tao hong vung Bde Trung Bd, chuong ttinh giang d£iy cdn nang ve ly thuyet, thuc hanh chilm ty le thdp; co sd vat chdt, ky thuat chua dupe ddu tu thda dang, thien ddng bd; nhieu trudng chua cd hoac chua du phdng thuc hanh cho cac mdn nghiep vu nhu budng ban, le tan; lien kit giiia nha hudng va doanh nghiep cdn ban che. Day la nguyen nhan dan den mdt lupng ldn hpc vien sau khi ra trudng vdn thilu nhilu ky nang, cac co sd su dung lao dpng van can dao tao bd sung. Nhu vay, trudc sir gia tang nhanh chdng nhu cau lao ddng du lich ca ve sd lupng va chat lupng, cac ca sd dao tao hong viing khd cd the dap ling duac ngudn nhan lire thieu hut, nhat la ngudn nhan luc chdt lupng cao.
Cdng tdc dao tao, bdi duong dpi ngii can bp da luon duoc quan tSm nhdm dap ung nhu ciu ngay cang cao cua khach du lich. Thudng xuyen td ehiie cac ldp bdi dudng, ren nghe ddi vdi timg ITnh vuc cu the; dua lao dpng ra nude ngoai hpe tap, bdi dudng... Dac biet, ca quan quan ly Nha nude, doanh nghiep va ca sd dao tao ciing da cd nhilu boat ddng ket ndi de td chiic cac bdi thi tay nghe cho nhan vien tai cac ca sd luu tni va nha hang du lich; td chiic dao tao ngan ban ddi vdi dpi ngu thuyet minh, lao ddng dia phuang ve du lich sinh thai, du lich cdng ddng va du lich van hda...
2.2. Danh gia chung ve nguon nhSn luc du lich viing BSc Trung Bp 2.2.1. Nhimg Ipi thi
Nhan luc du lich vung fide Trung Bd gia tang nhanh chdng ve sd luong, ed ca cdu dp tudi va nganh nghe hpp ly, dam bao co ban nhu cau phat trien nganh du lich ttong viing.
Chdt luong nhan luc du lich dupe nang len dang ke: ty le lao d^ng qua dao tao tang len, trinh dp ngoai ngii, ehuyen mdn nghiep vu dupe cai thien dang ke, dap irng da dang nhu cdu cua du khach va nang cap chat lupng dich vu du lich tai cac co sd kinh doanh du lich ciing nhu diem, khu du lich trong viing.
Ngudn nhan lire tap trung d mdt sd dja phuang cd tdc dp phat trien du lich nhanh chdng, cd cac san phdm du lich dac thii vdi dp hap dan cao va kha nang khai thac tdt.
Nang sudt lao ddng du lich viing BSc Trung BO tang kha nhanh, gdp phdn thu hiit lao dpng cd trinh dp cao vao nganh nay.
Cdng tac dao tao va phat trien ngudn nhan luc dam bao co ban ngudn cung nhan luc cd trinh dp cho viing. Cac co sd dao tao chii hpng din chdt lupng dao tao, da dang chuang ttinh dao tao, gdn dao tao vdi thuc tiln su dung nhan lue. Cdng tac ren nghe, bdi dudng ehuyen
TAP CHl KHOA HQC TRlfCfNG BAI HQC HONG BCTC - SO 41.2018
mdn, nghiep vu dupe da dang hda vl hinh thirc, each thirc td chiic thuc hien, gdp phdn ndng cao kba nang thich ling cua ngudn nhan luc ttudc nhihig yeu cdu mdi vl phat ttiln du lich.
2.2.2. Nhimg hgn chi vd thdch thuc
Chdt lupng nhan luc du ljch cham cai thien: Ty le nhan lire da qua dao tao, nhan lire cd chdt lupng cao, nhan lire dap ling yeu cdu v l ngoai ngQ- cdn thdp so vdi cac nganh khac trong viing, so vdi chdt luong ngudn nhan luc du lich cua ca nude cung nhu cac vung du lich khac, vi tbi chdt luong dich vu du lich cdn ban che.
Ca cdu nhan lire dieo lanh tiid cdn bdt hop ly, mdt sd dia phuang cd quy md nhSn lire nhd be; dac biet nhan luc tap trung d phia Ddng ciia viing (ddng bdng va ven biln), phia Tay giau tilm nang du lich song dpi ngu nhan lire mdng, chua dap iing duoc nhu can phat trien cac diem, khu du lich d khu vuc nay.
Nang sudt lao ddng bmh quan cdn thdp so vdi cac viing du ljch lan can va ca nude.
Dilu nay anh hudng din kha nang thu hiit lao ddng cd trinh dp cao vao nganh du lich.
Cac CO sd dao tao cdn han ehl v l khau thuc hanh, ren nghe; mdt sd ea sd chua co phdng thuc hanh nghi cho sinh vien du Heh; co cdu dao tao cdn bdt hpp ly, nang vl ly thuylt. Bdi vay, chat lupng nhan luc mdi tuyen dung cdn ban che.
2.3. GiSi phap phat triln nguon nhan luc du lich Bde Trung B5
Du lich Bde Trung Bp cdn thiic ddy nhilu giai phdp de phat ttien ban niia quy md nhan lire toan nganh, nang cao chdt lupng chuyen mdn, thay ddi ca cau nganh nghe phii hop xu thi va nhu cau phat ttiln du lich, giam su chenh l^ch ve phan bd ngudn nhan luc giua cac dia phuong ttong vimg.
Bde Trung Bd cdn tap trung nang cao chat lupng lao ddng du lich ttong vung: nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn, ngoai ngir, tay nghe, ky nang mem va kha nang thieh iing vdi sir thay ddi cua yeu cau cdng viec. Yeu cau dat ra trudc nhat la can day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen trong dpi ngu lao ddng nham nang cao nhan thiic ve vai ttd, vi tri va tam quan ttpng cua sir phat tnen du lich ddi vdi nen kinh te - x§ hdi cua cae dia phuang cung nhu toan viing. Tir dd thdi thuc dpi ngii lao ddng tu hpc tap va nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu cua ban than.
Viing can tang cudng nang luc cua Nha nude ddi vdi cdng tae dao tao va phat trien nhan luc nganh du lich. Cac dia phuang trong viing Bde Trung Bd can cd quy hoach phat trien nhan lire nganh du lich cho timg thdi ky, qua do dinh hudng diing dan cho cac don vi dao tao, bdi dudng ngudn nhan luc cho du lich. Nhiem vu nay gdp phan quan ttpng ddi vdi cdng tac quy hoach phat ttien eae loai hinh du lich; tac ddng tdi cdng tac td chiic, sap xep va CO cau cac so sd dich vu du lich; ddng thdi dua ra dupe chi tieu ddi vdi timg chiic danh nghe phii hpp vdi yeu cau phat trien cua nganh d cac dia phucmg. Td chirc thudng xuyen va cd hieu qua cac cudc thi tay nghi d quy md khac nhau (nhu nghi l l tan, nghi hudng dan, quan tri hay dau bep...) d l tdn vinh nhirng ngudi lao dpng gidi va thiic ddy phong ttao thi dua trong dpi ngu lao ddng.
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T ^ F CHJ KHOA HQC T R U 6 N G BAI HQC HONG BLTC - S 6 41.2018
Bac Tmng Bd cdn ra scat va bd sung quy hoach ddi vdi mang ludi eae ca sd dao tao nhan lire nganh du lich nham dam bao tinh ddng bd va hap ly trong co cau dao tao. Chii ttpng dao tao nghe, quan tam den viec thuc hanh nghe cua hpc sinh, sinh vien nham dap ling nhu cau ve sd lupng va chat lupng lao ddng cho cac vi tri cdng viec khac nhau trong nganh du lich. Da dang hda cac hinh tbiic dao tao ket hop vdi bdi duong nang cao tay nghe, kha nang ngoai ngii; tang cudng su lign ket chat che giira ca sd dao tao vdi cac doanh nghiep du lich du lich dia phuong, vdi cac hiep hpi Du lich, hiep hdi Khach san...
de thuc bien miic tieu dao tao dap iing nhu cau ve sd luong va chat lupng tuyen dung.
Thudng xuyen khao sat va lay y kien phan hdi ciia cac nha tuyen dung ddi vdi chat lupng sinh vien, hpc vien tdt nghiep tai cac ca sd dao tao nham dieu chinh chuang ttinh thay ddi CO cau nganh nghe dao tao. Quan tam diing mire tdi nhiem vu bdi dudng va tap huan ngan ban dpi ngii nhan lire thdi vu tai eae khu du lich bien trong viing.
Hoan thien co che tuyen dung va sit dung lao dpng ttong he thdng cac doanh nghiep du heh trong viing Bac Trung Bd, can cd chinh sach uu tien va khuyen khieh lao dpng gidi, lao ddng dia phuong c6 trinh dp chuyen mdn dap ung yeu cdu ciia doanh nghiep; can tuyen dung dpi ngu thuyet minh vien gidi lam viec tai cac khu di tich lich sir, danh thdng xep hang qudc gia. De eao pham chat chinh tti, dao diic each mang ddi vdi cac hudng dan vien du lich, dac biet la hudng din vien du lich qudc td.
Sd du lich hoac Sd VH - TT - DL cac dia phuong can cd sir phdi hop chat che vdi cac hiep hdi du lich, dudi su quan ly hudng dan cua Tdng cue Du lich de xay dung tieu chuan nghe qudc gia ve du lich van dung cho dieu kien thuc te cua Bac Trung Bd. Thu hut dau tu va hd trp tir phia Nha nude, doanh nghiep va td chiic qudc te de thuc hien cae du an dao tao phat triln ngudn nhan luc cho cac dia phuang.
Giai phap tang nang suat lao ddng du lieh vung Bac Trung Bd can dupe thuc hien theo hudng da dang hda san pham du lich, dinh vi thuong hieu du lich viing va cac dia phuang trong vung; nang cao chat lupng dich vu luu tru, dich vu vui choi, giai tri, ban hang luu niem... d l tang kha nang chi tieu ciia du khach.
3. KET LUAN
Dpi ngu nhan lire ddng vai trd quan trpng den sir phat ttien ben vung nganh du lich, la nhan td then chdt thiic day nganh dat muc tieu chien lupc de ra. Ngudn nhan lire du lich Bic Trung Bp da dat dupe nhiing thanh tuu budc dau trong viec gia tang quy md, cai thien chdt lupng, chuyen dich trong co cau nganh, ca cau lanh thd va nang suat lao ddng binh quan tang trudng kha. Tuy nhien, de khac phuc nhimg tdn tai ve co cau lao ddng chua qua dao tao, trinh dp ngoai ngii, ky nang nghe cung nhu nang cao ban nQa nang sudt lao dpng binh quan; nganh du ljch Bac Trung Bd can thuc hien ddng bd nhieu giai phap nhu: nang cao vai trd quan ly cua Nha nude ddi vdi du lich, phat trien co quy hoach ddi vdi he thdng CO sd dao tao nhan lire du ljch trong viing; da dang cdng tac bdi dudng nghiep vu; cd chi dp dai ngd thicb dang ddi vdi lao ddng gidi; chii trpng cac bien phap nang cao nang sudt lao ddng du lich toan viing.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC T R U 6 N G BAI HQC HONG BlTC - SO 41.2018
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Trdn Thi Minh Hda (Chu bien) (2014), Du lich Viet Nam thdi ky ddi mdi, Nxb. Dai bpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, Ha Ndi.
[2] Nguyen Thi Hdng Lam (2013), Kinh ti du lich d cdc tinh Bac Trung Bp trong hpi nhap kinh ti qudc ti, Luan an Tiln sT Kinh te, Hpc vien Chinh tri Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh.
[3] Nguyin Quylt Thdng (2011), Nghien ciru tiem ndng vd cdc gidi phdp phdt trien du ljch sinh thdi tgi mot so trpng diem vung du lich Bac Trung Bp, Luan an Tien sT kinh te, Trudng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi.
[4] Tdng cue du ljch (Trung tam thdng tin du ljch) (2013), So lieu thong ke chu yeu ngdnh du lich, giai doan 2000 - 2012, Nxb. Thanh Nien, Ha Npi.
[5] Nguyin Minh Tue, Vii Dinh Hoa (ddng chu bien) (2017), Dia ly du lich vd thifc tien phdt triin d Viit Nam, Nxb. Giao due Vidt Nam, Ha Npi.
[6] Tdng cue du lich Viet Nam (2015), Ddnh gid ket qud 5 ndm thuc hien Chiin luac phdt trien du lich Viet Nam den ndm 2020, tdm nhin den ndm 2030, http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/l9629.
[7] Tdng cue du lich Viet Nam, Ca sd du: lieu hudng dan vien du ljch, http://vietnam tourism.gov.vn/index.pbp/cat/95.
[8] Tdng cue Thdng ke. Thong ke ndng sudt lao dong xa hpi phdn theo nganh kinh te, https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=714.
H U M A N R E S O U R C E S D E V E L O P M E N T I N T H E N O R T H C E N T R A L T O U R I S M
Trinh Thi Phan ABSTRACT
The tourism sector of the North Central has considerably developed in many aspects for the last few years. Development in facilities, a system of travel spots has attracted more and more labor force working in this sector The study human resources development in the North Central tourism " has focused on evaluating the criteria of quantity, quality, labor efficiency, training, human resource development, etc and compared with other areas. Based on that, the study proposes some solutions to improve the quality and efficiency of tourism human resources in the North Central
Keywords: North Central, development situation, human resources for tourism.
