GlAO OUC NU8C NGOAI ®
MOI QUAN HE GlOA NHA TRUONG Vdl DOANH NGHIEP d MOT SO NU0C TREN THE GI0I VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM
TS. DO THE HUNG - PHAM THANH TIING Tnrjnia Dal hgc Sir pham Kithuai Hirng Yen
TllS.NGUYiNTH!THUTHl)Y Hoc vien Cinh sil Nhin din I . O i i t v a n d l
Thilt l i p mfii quan he hpp tic ben viing giiia trfldng dai hpc v i doanh nghiep II y l u td cdt loi trong vife xay dyng hf thdng giio due dai hpe dap flng nhu d u cfla xa hfii. Sfl hpp tic dd se mang lai Ipi ieh eho d hai bfn va dioxi hdi, se xda bfi dflpe khoang cich giu^ li thuylt vdi thfle hinh, gifla d i o tao vdi sfl dung, gifla tfit nghifp vdi vifc lim. Kinh nghifm cfla cie nfldc phat t r i i n nhfl MT, Canada, Ha Lan, Dflc... d i cho thiy vai trd quan trpng cua Slf hpp tic dd v i thinh edng ctia hp se la nhflng b i i hpc can tiiilt eho d c trfldng dai hpe d Viet Nam.
2. Moi quan he giuca nha trUdng vdi doanh nghiep d Ode, Mi va Canada
Cic mfii quan hf gifla trfldng dai hpc v i doanh nghiep d d c nfldc cd nen giao dye phit trien kha da dang. Tai Dflc, trfldng dai hpc ki nhieu thda thuin hpp tic vdi doanh nghiep, bao gdm: Chuyen giao cdng nghf, thyc hifn cic dfl i n , thyc tap sinh vien, phit triin chuong trinh, trao dfii giao vifn (guest lecturer), ho trp kinh phi (hpc bong, trang t h i l t bi, cd sd v i t chat eho nha trfldng...). Cle thda thuin niy sf dupe xem xet va thay dia theo tflng nam tfly thude vao ke hoach cua hai b i n [1]. Cic doanh nghiep tai Dflc ben canh vifc phit trien kinh doanh cung tham gia kha siu v i o cac hoat dfing oia nha Irfldng. Hp thfldng sin sang nhan sinh vien v i o Afle tap b ^ cic li do sau:
- Do dflpc dao tao tfit nen sinh vifn ed t h i lam vifc gjn nhfl mdt kl sfl thye thu tai doanh nghiep (die biet l i nhiing sinh viin nim cudi di thflc t i p tdt nghifp).
Tuy nhien, eac sinh viin nay chi nhin mflc IflOng bang khoing 30-40% mflc Ifldng mdt ki sfl thdng thudng dupc nhan. Nhfl vly, doanh nghifp chi phli t r i chi phi thap cho mdt lye Ifldng lao ddng trinh do cao.
Bing 1 dfldi day eho bift chi phf mdt so cfing ty ehi tri eho mfit sinh vifn thyc tap tai Ofle [2]:
Bdng 1: Chi phi cua mpt sd doanh nghiep tgi Ddc chi trd eho sinh vien thUc tdp
SAP Volkswagen
TflSSO den 1.150 Khoing 750
Ho trp eho phf di lai, an trfla, laptop, v i mfit sfi chi phf khac
Doanh nghiip ABB Germany Allianz Commerzbank Deutsche Telekom IBM
Mflc luong (EUR) Tfl 930 dfn 1.020 Tfl 960 dfn 1.130 Theo hcrp dfing kikit Tfl900 den 1.000 Tfl 800 dfm.100
Cic phu dp khic Hd tro chi phi' thue phdng dkhoing 300 EUR
Ho trp chi phi di lai, thue phdng d.
Cd sin phong d cho sinh vien
- Mdt sd sinh vien thyc tap ed tfnh sing tao rit cao (hp t h o i t khfii h i n Idi t u duy truyln thfing cfla cic ki sfl da lam viic lau nam trong doanh nghifp), bdi viy ddt khi hp cd the dfla ra cle gili phap rat toi flu. Oilu nay mang Iai Ipi fcb rit ldn eho doanh nghifp mic dCi cd t h i sfi Iflpng gili phip II ft.
- Cle doanh nghifp mudn tuyen dupe nhin sy tfit phai m i t rit nhilu thdi gian, cdng sflc va chi phf: Ra thfing bio, lya chpn hfi so, phfing vin, thfl vifc. Nlu hp nhin sinh vifn vao thye tap, trong q u i trinh do, doanh nghifp ed t h i ehpn ra nhflng sinh viin tdt de v i o lim viec tai cdng ty sau niy v i kft q u i lya chpn nay hau nhfl la chinh x i c
- Luit Lao ddng d Dflc yfu d u hc^ ddng thfl viec ehi ed thdi gian 3 thing, khoing thdi gian nay I I q u i ngin d l bilt dfldc mdt kT sU lam viec tfit hay khfing. Vdi nhiing sinh viin da thye t i p tat cfing ty, doanh nghifp khdng phli lam vifc niy.
- Mfit ki sfl mdi tdt nghiep thfldng m i t t h f m khoing 6 thing dao tao tai cdng ty d f lam quen vdl mdi trudng lam viec, kiln thfle, kl nang va d c cpng sy mdi.
Hp cung phii dflpe lam quen vdi cic phdng ban khic trong cdng ty (nhfl phdng kT thuit, phdng tai ehinh, phdng marketing, bin hing...) d l cd t h i gili quylt d c van de liin quan den nhieu ITnh vflc. Mdt sinii vifn da thye tap trong cdng ty, d i l i m quen vdi cae edng vife nay se khdng mat t h i m thdi gian d l dao tao.
Khdng gifing nhfl d Viet Nam, cie sinh vifn hpc tap tai Ofle ehfl y l u phli ty tim noi thyc tap vdi khoing thdi gian thyc tap kha dai (tfl 5 thing trd ten). D l thyc hien dflpe dilu niy, sinh vifn se phil ehuan bi mdt bd hfi so ning lye (Portfolio) tfl rat sdm (thudng l i 6 thing trfldc ngay thyc t i p bat dau nlu la thfle tap trong nfldc, hoae l i 1 nim neu muon thyc t i p tai nfldc ngoii). Hp se trye tifp gfli bfi hd sO nang lyc eua mlnh den eic cdng ty d l xin thflc tap. Neu dfldc chip nhan, hai ben (sinh vifn va doanh nghifp) se ki k i t mfit ban thda thuan va giii ve trfldng. Sau do, sinh vien Ifn k l hoaeh thflc t i p va thfldng xuyfn gfli bio d o ve trfldng. Qua trinh thyc tap cfla smh viin cung dflpe hfldng dan, trp giflp v i dinh g i i bdt mdt gilng vien trong trfldngI3].
Tai MT va Canada sy hpp t i c gifla trfldng dai hpe v i doanh nghifp rat phong phii, t h f hifn tren nhilu ndi dung vdi eac hinh thflc hpp tie. Cac moi quan he hpp t i e dd ed t h i la: Hdp t i e tron^ phit trien chUdng trinh d i o tao; Dfii tie nghien eflu; Oau tfl v i o ed sd ha tang v i thift bj; Phat minh v i sd hflu tri tuf; Doanh nghiep tham gia v i o CO d u td ehflc nha trfldng; Nhi trfldng tham gia vao
Slf 128-THANG 5/2016* 6 3
® GlAO DUC NUttC NGOAI
CO cau tfi ehflc doanh nghifp; Hop t i e trong trlln vpng v l giio dye kinh doanh; Thye tap sinh vifn; Tham gia hfi trd ngan han eho doanh nghifp; Chuyin giao cfing nghf; Cfng dyng khoa hpe (giao vifn va sinh vifn) di gili quylt cic van d l cho doanh nghifp; Dao tao ning cao v i hpc tap sudt ddi; Cac mfii quan hf khae...
Qua nhifn eflu, d c y l u to sau d i y dflpc eho la dpng Ifle thflc dly phat trlln mfii quan hf hpp tac gifla nha trudng v i doanh nghiep tai MT v l Canada: Hpp t i e la chiln Iflpe phat trien etia nha trfldng, giflp nhi trfldng ning cad chat Ifldng v i thu hflt dfldc nhilu sinh vien;
Sinh vifn dfloc dao tao de trd nfn chuyen nghifp hon;
Day manh doi mdi; Cung d p ngufin nhin lyc; Tiep can dflpc d c chuyfn gia cd trinh dp cao; Cung d p d i u ra eho d c ket q u i nghifn eflu; Tim hfldng khai thic cho cic khi nang nghifn cfln; Odng gdp eho sy phit trien kinh te vung va qudc gia; Do i p lye tfl cae chinh sach cfla chfnh phii; Mdt sfi y l u td khic...
3. ThiTc trang moi quan h i hop tic gifla nha tnidng va doanh nghiep d Viet nam
Trong nhflng nim gan day, mac du d e trfldng dai hpc da ed nhifu eo ging de d i thiin moi quan he hdp t i e vdi doanh nghiep nhflng hifn nay mfii quan he do khfing da dang, ehfla chat ehe, ehfla b i n vung v i ehfla thyc sy dupe quan t i m diing mflc. Cle dang quan h f hpp t i c gifla nhi trfldng va doanh nghifp khi don difu v i h i u nhfl xult phit tfl yfu clu efla mfit phia, dfi l i nha trfldng. Hoat ddng hpp t i c chCt y l u l i dua sinh viin di thyc t i p tai cic doanh nghiep. Khi kit thflc giai doan hpc tap tai trfldng, nha trfldng se lien he vdi d c doanh nghiep de"xin"cho sinh vien vio thye tap. Doanh nghiep cflng se cfl ngfldi di hfldng d i n , giim sat stnh vifn, tuy nhifn mfit ngfldi cd t h i phii hfldng din giim sit mfit so Iflpng ldn sinh viin dan dfn kft q u i thu dflOe sau dot thyc tap II khdng cao. Hoat ddng chuyen giao cdng nghe va hpj] t i c thyc hien cle dy I n hau nhfl khdng cd.
Thflc trang niy xiy ra bdi mdt sfi nguyen nhan cd b i n sau:
- Chat Iflpng d i o tao sinh viin ciia eae trfldng ehfla tfit, lim cho sinh vifn khdng d i p flng dfldc y i u d u cfing vifc khiln doanh nghifp khfing man ma trong viic nhan sinh vtfn vao thflc t i p de t i n dyng ngufin nhin lyc nay.
- Hoat ddng nghifn ctiu khoa hoe t^l cic trfldng chi/a hudng vao gili quylt nhflng vin de niy sinh tnmg thflc tien hoat dfing cfla doanh nghiep dan d i n vifc khfi thu hut dflpe sy quan tam cfla doanh nghiep dau tfl hpp t i c trong ITnh vye niy.
- Chfla ed ed chl, chinh sich rang bude chat ehe ve trich nhiem v i quyfn lpi ctia cie ben trong sfl hdp tie.
- Nhin thfle ve sy ddng gdp vdi cdng ddng d mdt bd phin doanh nghiep chfla cao khiln ho it tham gia v i o q u i trinh d i o tao ciia trudng dai hpc.
4. Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam trong viec thdc day moi quan he h ^ tac giQa trfldng dai hoc va doanh nghiep
- Cin coi vifc phit trien cic mfii quan hf vdi doanh nghifp l i ehiln Iflpc trong ehinh sich phat triin cua nha trfldng. Thye t l day eung la y l u td sdng con efla sy phit trien nha trfldng bdri vly can dfla ra cie bifn phip flu tifn phu hop de thyc hifn difu niy.
- Coi vife xly dimg va phat trlln mfii quan he vdi doanh nghiep l i mfit trong nhflng yfu tfi danh g i i chit Ifldng lao dfing. Cin u\j tien cho d c cin bfi gilng viin cd thinh tieh l i m viec trong mfii trflcmg doanh nghiep vi nhflng ngfldi niy se tao dyng v i thtic day mfii quan he hpp t i c ngiy cing phittrien.
- Xiy dyng cic eo c h l chfnh sach ho trp cho vifc phittrien moi quan he niy, lim giim bdt d c rao d n v l m|t phip 11 (die bift la cie rio cin thfl tyc v l kinh t f v l d c rio d n lifn quan d i n Luit Lao ddng).
- Khuyin khich sfl tham gia cfla dai difn doanh nghifp trong bd miy dieu hinh cfla trfldng dai hoe, trong d c khoa, d e trung t i m .
- Lanh d?to trudng d^i hpe eung d n tham gia v i o mdi trfldng doanh nghifp.
- Cie gilng vifn trong trfldng cung phli d i n h mpt phin thifi gian lam vifc tai doanh nghifp. Dieu niy rat quan trpng vi nhflng kien thflc, ki nang ciia ho gilng day cho sinh vifn se g i n lien vdl thye tien v i Itfn tyc dflpc cip nhat. Mpt y l u tfi khfing kf m phin quan trpng la mfii quan he gifla n h i trfldng va doanh nghifp sf ngay cing dflpc cung Cd qua kfnh quan hf nay.
- V I phfa nha trfldng, d n b i t dau hpp t i c tfl nhflng dy I n nhd d l thuylt phue doanh nghiep. Sau khi hoan thinh tfit d e dy I n nhfi nay v i mang lai Ipi ich cho d hai phfa thi cfi t h i phit triin mfii quan hf siii v i rfing hdn.
-Trong chuong trinh hpc eung d n ed nhflng nfii dung do cac khich mdi tfl doanh nghiip tham gia gilng day, giup eho sinh vien dflpc t y do trao doi kiln thfle lifn quan den thyc t l cfing v i f c
- Chfldng trinh d i o tao phii dflpc xiy dyng trfn co sd khio sat ki Ifldng nhu d u x i hfii v i dflpc c i p nhit hing nim theo sfl thay doi cfla thye te edng nghifp.
- Tang thdi gian thyc t i p tai d e doanh nghifp de sinh viin l i m vifc ehuyin nghifp hon tai noi sfldyng lao ddng.
- Can eho d e doanh nghifp thay dflpc trich nhifm v l tiem nang trong vifc xly dyng mfii quan he vdi nhi trfldng.
5. Ket luln
Hien nay, viec xay dimg va phit t r l l n mfii quan he hop tac gifla trfldng dai hpc v l doanh nghiep rat d n thilt. Tuy nhifn, viec nay cung phli thay dfli tCf tfl. Di d i thifn mdl quan hf dd can cd sy thay dfii v l nhan thu'c efla t i t d eic bfn lifn quan v l d c gili phip dfing bfi tfl ehinh sich cfla n h i nfldc, cfla nganh, cic trfldng, cle doanh nghifp v i cfing dfing xa hfii.
TAI Lieu THAM K H A O
[1]. Business meets students, (2015), Fontys University of Applied Science.
[2'\.Http://www.berufswahl-reglonal.de [3]. Treasuring your internship, (2015), Fontys University of Applied Science.
[4] Marina Ranga, Cecile Hoareau, Niecolo Durazzi, Henry Etzkowitz, Pamela Mareuccl, Alex Usher, (2013), Study on University-Business Cooperation in US.
[5]. Rebecca Allinson, Zsuzsa Javorka, Helena Kovacs, Xavler Potau, (2014), Thematic University-Business Forum Berlin.
SUMMARY
The article touches upon sustainable partnerships between universities and enterprises. Such cooperation will bring benefits for both parties and society; eliminate the gap between theory and practice, training and using, graduates and jobs. The experience of developed countries such as Germany, the US, Canada has shown the important role of such cooperation and their successes will be the necessary lessons for universities in Vietnam.
Keywords: Universities; enterprises; lessons-learnt;
Vietnam.
