N H A N i r o t VA PHAP LUAT
CO S 6 NGHIEN CliU/DAO TAO TRONG THITC HIEN KHUYEN NGHI UPR' VE GIAO DUC aUYEN CON NGUOI! TiU VIETNAM
Nguyen Tlii Hong Yen*
" TS Trudng bo mon Cong phap quoc te. TrUbnq Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi Thong tin bai viet:
Tir khda- quyen con ngucri, giao due quyen con nguai, UPR, Lien hiep quoc, Lich su bdi viet:
Nhan bai : Oi/lO/2018 Bien tap .02/10/2018 Duyetbai . 15/10/2018
Article Infomation:
Keywords: human riglits. education c human rights, UNR, United Nations Article Histoiy:
Received Edited Approved
01 Oct. 2018 02Otc.2018 15 Oc. 2018
Tom tat:
Trong nh&ng nam qua, la mot thanh vien tich cue va co trach nhiem doi voi cac van de chung cua cong dong quoc te, Viet Nam da khong ngimg no lire thuc hien va dat duac nhirng ket qua dang khich le trong viec thuc thi cac khuyen nghi dugc chap thuan tai UPR ve van de quyen con nguoi, trong do c6 cac cam Icet ve tang cuong hoat dpng giao due quyen con nguoi trong pham vi lanh tho quoc gia. Thong qua qua trinh thuc thi cac khuyen nghi UPR vk giao due quyen con ngucri tai Viet Nam, vai tro cua cac co sa dao tao, nghien ciru la r4t ro rang ya noi bat, nhapi tang cuong han nua hoat dgng giao due va sir hieu hiet ve quyen con nguoi cho mgi tang lap nhan dan.
Abstract
For years, as an proactive and responsible member of the international community, Vietnam has constantly made its efforts and reached tremendous acheivements in its enforcements o f t h e recommendations from the UPR on the human rights, including the commitments on strengthening the communication activities on the human nghts nationwide territory. Through the enforcements of UPR recommendations on human rights in Vietnam, training and studies institutions play an importam role to ftinher enhance the provision of education on the human rights for all people
UPR (Universal Periodic Review) Kiem diem dinh ky pho quat - la m6t quy trinh dac biel bao n'" " v ~ ^•' dmh ky nhirng bao cao ve nhan quyen cua tai ca 193 quoc gia thanh vien LHO UPRlam't ' i,- '^'^''^^"^ *^'^"^
Hpi dflng Nhan quy^n (HDNQ) dua tren vific d6i xir binh ding v6i tit ca cac thanh vien Sn !^!^\ -^\''"^" ^^"^ "^^^
cong b6 nhiing hanh dpng cu thi ma ho da thye hi|n nhim cai thien tinh hinh nhan quygn 6 nudc T h^'^ ''"'"^ ^ "
con de cao su chia se ve each thiic va kinh nghiem thuc thi nhan quygn aiiia cac au6c oia th- y. '- ' ^ ° ^ ' '^^' '-'^^
duoc HDNQ LHQ thia lap vao ngay 15/3/2006 tren co so Nghi quylt 60/251 va cac vSn W- ^'^" '^"^ ^^^ ^ ^ HRC/RES/511, Nghl quyet 16/21 va Quyet dinh 17/119 ciia Dai hoi dfins r Hn r TDD .*."_ !,° ^^y°f^& thiet che A/
gac quy dinh cua Hieri chuong LHQ. Tuyen ngon toan the gidn ve quyln con ogu^i, eac nguoi ma qu6c gia kiem diem ia thanh vien, cdc loi hua va cam kit tu nguyen ve nhan guvin ci ^""' "
chinh cua UPR la cai thien tinh hinh nhin quyln 6 tit ca cac niroc va giai quylt nhiinB vi nha ^ h'-°'^
bat cir dau tren ihe gicri; tang cirong hop tac giira cac qu6c gia va h§ trp - - - - J - - - < - • -" • ^"
Ba, hoi dong LHQ. UPR toe " h u e h i 8 r * , T - h ve gnven con n<n,(., ri, van I f f ? " ' ""''•'"' '"
van kien quoc « v c quyen con Muc tieu , . _ -n"*c<!anE kiem d i e m a l Z ' ! " ? " * ' » ' « » nlian quyen, kliuyen khich hc^? tac toan dien va gan ket giua c^c nha nuoc va cac t6 chuc nhi ch' h ?.y ^^ bao v |
18
(Xem. httpV/www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/upr/pages/uprmain aspx ).
I NGHltN CUU , I L A P P H A P ^ S6 8(384)14/2019
" voi HDNQ,,,
1. Quan diem cua Lien hiep quoc v ^ van d^ giao due quyen con ngu-cri
Ngay tu nhung ngay dau tai lap, vai chuc nang duy tri hoa binh va an ninh quoc t^, Lien hiep quoc (LHQ) khing dinh quyet tam ciia to chuc nay la "phong ngua cho nhung thi he tuang lai khoi tham hpa chien tranh, gay cho nhan loai dau thuang khong kh xiht... can phai thuc su tin tuang vao nhung quyen co ban, nhan pham va gia tri cua con nguai, a quyen binh dang giiia nam va nu, a quyen binh dang a cac nuac lan va nuoc nho"^. De dat dugc dieu do, LHQ keu gpi cac quoc gia can co phuong thOrc nham nang cao hieu biet ve quyen con nguai cho moi thanh vien trong xa hpi, tir nguai hucmg quyen den nguoi thirc thi quyen; trong pham vi rpng, CO sir lien ket giua cac quoc gia, khu vuc trong cong tac tuyen truyen, giao due ve quyen con nguoi.
NHA NlTdC VA PHAP LUAT Tuyen ngon toan the gioi vh Quy8n con nguai nam 1948 cua Dai hpi d6ng LHQ khang dinh: "Tuyen ngon nay nhu mot tieu chuan thuc hien chung cho tit ca cac dan tpc va quoc gia, sao cho moi ca nhan va doan the xa hpi luon nho tai ban myen ngon nay, no luc phat huy su ton trpng cac quyen tur do nay bang hpc van va giao due,.. ."\ Tiep do, van de giao due quyen con nguoi tiep tuc dupe ghi nhan trong cac cong uoc quoc te quan trpng ctia LHQ ve van de quyen con nguoi nhu: Dieu 13 Cong uoc quoc te ve cac Quyen kinh te, xa hpi va van hoa nam 1966'';
Dieu 2 Cong uac quoc te ve Quyen dan su, chinh tri nam 1966^; Cong uoc ve Quyen tre em (Dieu 28)... Dac biet, doan 78-82 ciia Tuyen bo Vien va Chuang trinh hanh dpng nam 1993 duac thong qua tai Hpi nghi toan the giai ve Quyen con nguoi tai khang dinh
"Cac quoc gia co nghia vu bao dam rang
Xem http.//www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/
Xem noi dung Tuyen ngon tai https;//thuvienphapluat,vn/van-ban/Quyen-dan-su/Tuyen-ngon-quoc-te-nhan- quyen-1948/65774/noi-dung!aspx
Dieu 13 Cong iroc quy dinh: "Cac quoc gia thanh vien Cong ucrc thira nhan quyen ciia moi ngiroi duoc hoc tap. Cac quoc gia nhit tri rang vi|c giao due phai huong vao viec phat triln day du nhSn each va y thiic ve nhan pham, va phai nham tang cuong su ton trong cac quyen va tu do co ban ciia con nguoi. Cac quoc gia ciing nhat tri rang giao due can phai guip moi nguoi tham gia hi^u qua vao xa hoi tu do, thuc day su hieu biet, khoan dung va tinh hiiu nghi gi&a cac dan toe va cac nhom ve chiing tpc, sSc tpc hoac ton giao, ciing nhu nham diy manh hem ntra cac hoat dong nham duy tri hoa binh ciia LHQ". Nguon; http://www.ohchr,org/Documents/ProfessionalInteresi/cescr.pdf
Tuy khong quy dmh cu the ve van de gido due quyen con ngudi nhung Dieu 2 ciia Cong ucrc thong qua Binh luan chung ciia Uy ban ve cac Quyen dan sy, chinh tri d3 dat ra yeu cau cho cac quoc gia thanh vien bang nhieu bien phap trong do CO cong tac Wyen truyln, giao due nhan quyen guip cho nguoi dan hieu cac quyen cua hp duoc quy dinh Uong Cong uac. Theo do, "Cac quoc gia thanh vien Cong uoc cam ket ton trong va bap dam cho moi nguoi dan trong pham vi lanh tho va tham quyen tai phan ciia minh cac quyen da duoc cong nhan trong Cong iroc nay, khong co bat ky su phan biet nao ve chiing toe, mau da, giot tinh. ton giao, quan diem chinh tri hoac quan diem khac, ngu6n goc dan toe hoac xa hoi, tai san, thanh phan xuat than hoac dja vj khac Trpng tnrcmg hop quy dinh tren day chua duoc the hien hang cac bien phap lap phap hoSc cac bien phap khac, thi m6i quoc gia thanh vien Cong uoc cam ket se tien hanh cac bien phap can thiel, phil hop voi trinh tu lap phap nuac minh va nhiing quy dinh ciia Cong uoc nay, de ban hanh luat va nhung bien phap can ihilt khac nham thuc hi^n cac quyln duoc cong nhan trong Cong uoc", nguon- http //www ohchr org/EN/
Professionallnterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx.
Uy ban ve cac Quyen dan su, chinh irj da dua ra Binh luan chung so 3 giai thich ve dilu nay nhu sau "Theo quan he nay, dieu het site quan trpng la cac ca nhan nen hieu cac quyln cua hp (va Nghi dinh thu bo sung, trong nuong hop co) la gi va tit ca cac quyen luc hanh phap va tu phap ciing nhan thiic dupe cac nghia vu ma quoc gia thanh vien da thira nban trong Cong ucrc De lam dupe dien nay, Cong udc nen dupe pho bien bang tat ca cac ngon ngir chinh thitc cua nuoc do va cac buoc di nen dupe tiln hanh de lam cho nhung nguoi cd trach nhiem lien quan hieu ro nhung npi dung nhu trong mot phin viec dao tao ciia ho. Viec cong khai hoa su hop tac giiia cac nudc tham gia Cong uoc vdi Uy han ciing nen dupe khuyen khich".
Ngu6n;h«p://docstore ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler ashx?enc=6QkGld%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsjYoiCfM- KoIRv2FVaVzRkMjTnjRO%2Bfud3cPVrcM9YROiW6Txaxgp3f9kUFpWoq%2FhW%2FTpKi2tPhZsbE- Jw%2FGeZRASjdFuuJQRnbJEaUhby31 V/iQPl2mLFDe6ZSwMMvmQGVHA%3D%3D
NGHIEN CUU l)T4/2019 \ _ LAP P H A P
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NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT giao due phai nham muc dich tang cuong su ton trpng cac quyen con nguai va tu do ca ban". "Giao due nham thiic day su hieu biet, khoan dung, hoa binh va quan he hiiu nghi giua cac dan tpc, giira cac nhom chiing tpc hoac ton giao"^.
Nam 1994, Dai hpi d6ng LHQ ciing ra Nghi quyet s6 49/84 tuyen b6 thuc hien Thap ky giao due Quyen con nguai giai doan 1995-2004 tren toan the gioi. Dai hpi dong coi giao due quyen con nguoi la "mpt qua trinh lau dai ma con nguai o tSt ca cac trinh dp phat trien va tat ca cac tang lop xa hpi deu dupe hpc each ton trpng doi vai pham gia eiia nguai khac va hpc ve eae phuang tien, each thiic de dam bao su ton trpng do trong th. ca cac xa hpi"^ D6ng thoi, Tuyen bo ve Thap ky giao due Quyen con nguoi ciia LHQ ciing dinh nghTa ve giao due quyen con nguoi la eae hoat dpng "dao tao, phd bi^n va thong tin nham xay dung mpt nen van hoa pho bien ve quyen con nguoi thong qua viec truyen dat cac kien thiic, cac ky nang va tao nen thai dp nham vao: tang cuong su ton trpng quyen con ngucri va cac quyen tu do CO ban; phat trien toan dien ca nhan con nguoi va y thtrc ton trpng con nguai; thiic day su hieu biet, ton trpng, binh dang gioi va su doan ket giiia cac quoc gia, nguoi ban dia va cac nhom ehung tpc, quoc gia, dan tpc, ton giao va ngon ngii; kha nang hoat dpng mpt each co hieu qua cua tat ca mpi nguai trong mpt xa hpi tu do; day manh cac hoat dpng ciia LHQ de giu gin hoa binh"**. Nam 2011, LHQ thong qua Tuyen ngon ve giao due va dao tao Quyen con nguoi, trong do nhan manh giao due quyen con nguoi co vai
tro quan trpng trong viee xay dung "mot nen van hoa quyen con nguoi" toan cau.. -
Dh thuc hien thanh cong Thap ky giao due Quyen con nguai, cac nghi quyet cua LHQ d6ng thoi cung khuyen khich cae quoc gia thanh vien xay dung va thuc hien cae kh hoach qu6c gia ve giao due qu}^en con nguai. K^ hoach nay bao g6m nhilu hoat dpng, trong do co viec thanh lap hoac tang cuong cac co so, to chiie va cae nguon lire cho hoat dpng giao due quyen con nguoi trong pham vi quoc gia.
Nhu vay, vai tu each la to ehiic da phuang lan nhat toan cau thuc hien chirc nang chinh la duy hi hoa binh va an ninh quoc te, LHQ khong ngimg no luc trong viec xay dung khung phap ly va de xuat eac giai phap cho cac quoc gia thanh vien nham bao ve va thiic day quyen con nguoi tren pham vi toan can, Trong cac van kien noi tren, LHQ bay to ro rang ve tam quan trpng eiia giao due quyen con nguoi. Theo do, "giao due vh quyen con nguoi va pho bien cac thong tm dung dSn dong vai tro quan trpng, ca vh ly luan va thuc tien, trong viec thuc d4y va ton trpng cac quyen con nguoi ciia t3t ca eae ca nhan, khong eo sir phan biet nao vh chiing tpc, gioi tinh, ngon ngii, ton giao, va dihu nay can phai dupe 16ng ghep vao cae ehinh sach giao due o ca cap dp qu6c gia va qu6c t6"^
2. Boat dgng cua co" so- nghien cmi/dao tao trong thy-e hien cac khuyen nghi vl giao dye quyen con ngirM tai Viet Nam
0 Viet Nam, trong qui trinh thue thi cac khuyen nghi UPR, cac co so dao tao thue hien cac hoat dpng thong qua eac hinh thiie sau:
20
Xem: http://hcrc.hcmulaw edu vn/index,php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14-hivp h
hanh-ng-nm-1993&catid=7:cac-vn-kin-nhan-quyn-quc-t-c-bn-<emid=]9 ' ^'^^"''•'"^""^a-chng-trinh- Xem: Nghi quyet so 49/84 myen b6 thirc hien Thap ky giao due Quyen con ngucri giai doan 199'; -yma • t^i http.//www.un.org/documents/ga/res/49/a49Tl 84.htm "^^^ ^3/12/1994
Xem Nghl quylt sd 49/84 tuyen bd thuc hien Thap ky giao due Quyln con ngudi giai doan 1995^2004 tai http://www un.org/documents/ga/res/49/a49rl 84.htm
Xem' http://hcrc.hcmulaw.edu.vn/index php?option=con hanh-ng-nm-1993&catid=7.cac-vn-kin-nhan-quyn-quc-t-c-hn-&Itemid=t9
ngay 23/12/1994 Xem' http://hcrc.hcmulaw.edu.vn/index php?option=com_content&view=article&id= 14 tuven h
>hn-AItPmi^=io -D-vien-va-chng- I NGHIEN « n i ,
I LAP P H A P - V So 8(334) T4/2019
NHA Nir6c VA PHAP LUAT
2.1 Xdy dung/long ghep gidng day quyin con ngu&i trong cdc chuang trinh ddo tgo, bdi duang
Tren ca sa lay y kien ciia cac Bp, nganh va cac ca so nghien eiiu, dao tao, ngay 5/9/2017, Chinh phu phe duyet Bh an dua npi dung quyln eon nguoi vao chucmg trinh giao due trong he thong giao due quoe dan. Day la de an co y nghia rat quan trpng nhiim muc tieu tuyen truyen, pho bien, giao due quyen con nguoi nham tao sir chuyen biln hong nhan thuc ciia nguai hpc, ciia dpi ngii nha giao, can bp quan ly giao due ve tam quan trpng, y thiic tii bao ve cae quyen cua ban than, ton trpng nhan pham, cac quyen va tii do cua nguai khac; y thiic ve trach nhiem, nghia vu cua cong dan doi voi Nha nuac va xa hpi, gop phan phat trien toan dien con nguoi Viet Nam dap iing yeu cau hpi nhap va phat trien ben vung eiia dat nuoc. De an dupe xay dung, mpt phan ciing nham thuc hien khuyen nghi ve van de tang cuong giao due, nang cao nhan thiic ve quyen con nguoi ma Viet Nam chap nhan trong ea hai chu ky bao cao UPR.
Cung tron^ De an nay, Chinh phii xae dinh mue tieu den nam 2025, 100% cac co so giao due trong he thong giao due quoc dan to chiic giao due quyen con nguai cho nguai hpc. Dong thoi, tren co sa gop y cua cac ca quan, to chuc, co quan xay dung De an CO su dieu chinh phu hap vai npi dung long ghep giao due quyen con nguai cho phii hpp vcri timg cap hpc, cu the:
Ddi v&i hpc sinh tiiu hgc (cdp 1), mon hoc Dgo due bao gom cac bai hpe nham huong dan cae em ton trpng nguai khac nhu:
ton trpng khach nuoe ngoai, ton trpng thu tu, tai san ciia nguoi khac (lap 3); ton trpng phu nu {lap 5)... Trong eae bai hpe nay, tuy cac khai niem cu the ve quyen chua dupe sii dung {chang han khi noi ve ton trong phu nii thi mm neu eac ly do ve dao diic, xa hpi chii chua de cap den "quyen cua phu nir") va cac kien thiie, thong tin chuyen tai mai a miic dp don gian, nhung ro rang, thong qua cac
bai hpc ke tren, hpc sinh eo thh hilu duoc mpt so nguyen tac ea ban ciia quyln con nguoi va nghTa vu ton trpng cac quyln con nguoi eiia cac nhom doi tupng co lien quan.
Ocdp trung hoc cosaphd thdng (cdp II), so luong bai hpc ve quyen con nguoi trong chuang trinh hpc nhieu hon, eae bai hpc chiia dung nhirng kien thiic rpng va sau han ve quyen con nguoi. Mae dii vay, tuong tu nhu Of cap tieu hpe, cac bai hpe ve quyen con nguoi a cap trung hpe eo so van dupe thiet ke thong qua nhiing boi canh sinh hoat hang ngay va phii hop voi nhan thirc xa hpi cua hpc sinh theo tirng dp tuoi, de giiip eae em eo the hieu duac cac khai niem va pham tni doi khi kha phiie tap tren ITnh vuc nay.
Trong chuong trinh gido due cdp III, mon hpc Gido due cdng ddn mang tinh ly thuyet va tinh khai quat kha cao, nhieu npi dung tuong doi trim tuang so vai liia tuoi thieu nien. Chuang trinh lap 10 de cap mpt so nghTa vu eiia cong dan nhung ehu yeu tir khia eanh dao dire (doi voi cpng dong, voi xay dung va bao ve To quoe), lop 11 eo cae bai: Nha nuoc XHCN (Bai 9), nen dan chii XHCN (Bai 10). Cac kien thirc ve quyen eon nguoi tap trung nhieu hon a chuong trinh giao due eong dan lap 12. Theo do, hpe sinh duac tiep can voi nhieu npi dung lien quan den quyen cong dan nhu bai Hien phap, cac quyen trong ITnh vuc dan su (trong bai Luat dan su), cac quyen trong to tung va mpt so quyen trong eae ITnh vuc cu the nhu dat dai, thue, hanh chinh...
Rieng vai bdc hpc dgi hpc, viec giang day ve quyen eon nguai chu yeu tap trung a cac trudng co dao tao chuyen nganh luat. Giao due nhan quyen trong cac truong dai hpe 6 Viet Nam huong toi: hoac muc tieu nh5m dao tao eac chuyen gia trong ITnh vuc nhan quyln phue vu cong tac bao ve, thiic d4y quyen con nguoi trong cac trucmg dai hpc dao tao chuyen nganh luat; hoae nham muc dieh giao due ve nhan quyen cho sinh vien cae truong dai hpc de phuc vu trong cac ITnh vuc khac nhau. Tai cac truang dai hpc/
S6 6(384)T4/2019 ^ LAP P H A P I '
NHA NlfdC VA PHAP LUAT cao dang hien nay, quy^n eon nguoi dupe tich hap, long ghep vao mot so mon hpc nhu Luat hien phap, Luat hanh chinh, Luat hinh su, Luat to tung hinh su, Luat eong phap quoc te..., tham chi co nhiing ca so nghien eiiu va dao tao xay dung nhiing mon hpe dpc lap. Bao cao cuoi ciing danh gia viec giang day nhan quyen tai Hpc vien Ngoai giao va cac truang dai hpe tai Viet Nam cua nhom tu van quoc gia vao thang 12/2013 da dua ra nhung phan tich, danh gia kha chi tiet ve viee giang day quyen con nguoi trong cac truang dai hpc hien nay a Viet Nam, nhu:
- Khoa Luat (Dai hpe quoe gia Ha Npi). Day la co so dao tao c6 khoa hpc ehinh thuc rieng ve nhan quyen. Ngoai ra, CO so nay eQng xay dung chuang trinh dao tao thac sy ve nhan quyen (voi sir ho trp cua Trung tam nhan quyen Na-uy, thuoe Dai hoc Oslo)'".
Trudng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi.
Truang co mpt khoa hpc ve nhan quyen thupc chuong trinh giang day luat quoc te eiia trucmg (mon hpc tu ehpn, tuong duong 03 tin chi trong hon 100 dan vi hpc trinh eua chuyen nganh luat quoc te). Ben canh do, chuang trinh dao tao cir nhan eiia Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi eo rat nhieu mon hpc ve luat trong nuoc, ma npi dung lai lien quan chat che toi khia canh giao due nhan quyen, eu the la mon hpc ve luat dan su, thii tuc to tung dan su, quy dinh dac biet ve xii an dan su, luat ve thi hanh phan quyet dan su, luat hon nhan, luat so hiiu tri tue, luat ve boi thudng
cua nha nudc, luat nha d, luat dang ky gi^o dieh an toan, luat bao hiem dan su, luat ve quyen cong dan, luat binh dang gidi, luat ngan ehan bao luc gia dinh, luat ve quyen tre em, ky nang tu van phap iuat trong quy trinh dan su...".
- Dai hpc Luat TP. H6 Chi Minh. 6 Trudng dai hpc nay, luat nhan quyen quoc tl la mpt mon hpc trong chuong trinh Cong phap qudc tl ciia Khoa Luat quoc te (gom 5 chii de: luat t6 chiie qu6c te, luat bien, luat hang khong, luat mien trii ngoai giao va lanh su, luat nhan quyen quoc te). Khoa hpc luat nhan quyln quoc te tai trudng la 30 tiet hpc, gom 3 chil de ldn: (i) Su phat trien ciia nhan quyen va dan quyen (lich sir, ban chat va pham vi ciia nhan quyen va dan quyen, he thong luat quoe te ve nhan quyen); (ii) Cong nhan phap ly doi vdi nhan quyen va dan quyen tai Viet Nam (Luat hien phap); (iii) Dam bao thue thi nhan quyen va dan quyen (dam bao chinh tri va kinh te, dam bao ve xa hpi va bao ve phap luat; trach nhiem cua nha nudc, cpng dong, to chirc va ea nhan; co ehi va quy trinh bao v?; nhan thuc xa hpi va xay dung nang luc, bli thudng phap luat, dieh VII luat phap)'-.
Ddi vdi he ddo tgo sau dgi hpc. Hien nay, so Iupng cac trung tam nghien cuu/co sd dao tao co ma nganh dao tao sau dai hpe dpc lap ve quyln eon ngudi kha han chi, chi CO mpt so chuang trinh nhu: Chuong trinh thac sy chuyen nganh phap luat vl quyln con ngudi cua Dai hpe quoc gia Ha Npi'\
11 Ngoai giao va cac trucmg Dai hoc tai Viet 10 Xem Bao cao cuoi cimg danh gia viec giang day nhan quyen tai Hoc
Nam cua nhom tu van quoc gia vao thang 12/2013
11 Xem Bao cao cu6! cung danh gia viec giang day nhan quyk tai Hoc vien ngoai giao va cac hirong Dai hoc ciia nhdm tu van qu6c gia vao thang 12/2013.
[2 Xem. Bao cao cuoi cimg danh gia viec giang dgy nhan quyln tai Hoc vien Nam cua nhom tu van quoc gia vao thang 12/2013, n ngoai giao v
lai Viet Nam cac truong Dai hoc tai Viet I j Chucmg trinh nay gom 12 mon hoc voi 50 tin chi trong do co 9 mon kiln thiic co so va chuven ' h ru
dao t^o nhOng chuyen gia co kien thiic co ban, toan dien, chuyen sau v6 cac van dS ly luan nha T ^ t ' ; P"? "'^
gia ve qu>;ln con ngucri, co kha nang phan tich, danh gia va giai quylt cac cong viec c6 lien ouan t"^ T'°'^ -^ ''^ ^^^'^
den van de quyen con nguoi 6 cac co quan nha nuoc, t6 chiic chinh tn, chinh tri - xa hoi cung nh ^h ?P7^ ^'^" "^'' giang day, nghien ciiu ve ITnh vuc nay tgi cac co so dao lao • g u hue hien nliiem vu Ngu6n: httpsV/wwwvnu.edu.vn/ttsk/?C2092/N8361/Lan-dau-Eien-daO'tao-thac-si-chuyi
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i-con-nguoi-tai-Viet-Nam htm I NGHIEN ClfU . I L A P P H A P ^ So 8(384)74/2019
'en-nganh-Phap-luat -ve-quy-
chuong trinh thac sy ve quyen con ngudi cua Vien Han lam khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam'"*...
Ben canh do, Viet Nam cilng thanh lap he thong cae ca quan nghien eim chuyen sau vh quyln con ngudi nhu; Vien nghien eiiu Quyen con ngudi thupc Hpc vien Chinh tri qu6c gia Ho Chi Minh; Trung tam nghien ciru Quyen con ngudi va Quyen cong dan thupc Khoa Luat, D^i hpc quoc gia Ha Npi;
Trung tam Nghien ciru phap luat ve Quyen con ngudi va Quyen cong dan thupc Trudng Dai hpc Luat TP. Ho Chi Minh. Ngoai ra, mpt so vien nghien ciiu chuyen nganh thupc Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam nhu Vien nghien ciru Gia dinh va Gidi; Vien Nha nudc va Phap luat; Vien nghien ciiu Con ngudi...
da thanh lap phong nghien eiiu ve quyen eon ngudi; trong do co nhimg trung tam true tilp tham gia vao hoat dpng dao tao, giang day va nghien ciiu nhung eung co trung tam chii ylu ra ddi phuc vu qua trinh nghien ciiu ly luan va thuc tien ve quyen con ngudi. Npi dung giang day va dao tao ciing dupe cac ca sd chii Irgng ket hpp hai hoa giiia ly luan va thuc tiln nham hudng ngudi hpc den cae nhan thirc chung ve quyen con ngudi.
Ngoai cac chuang trinh dao tao tap trung, dai han, cac co sd dao tao va trung tam nghien ciru quyen con ngudi con tiln hanh cac hinh thitc dao tao, boi dudng ngin han cho can bp, cong chiic, vien chirc theo cac de an cua Nha nude; hoac cae chuong trinh boi dudng kien thite theo nhu cau ciia CO quan, to chiic, gop phan nang eao nhan thiJc ve quyen eon ngudi trong xa hpi.
Nhin chung, giao due quyen con ngudi da trd thanh mpt chii dh dupe quan tam chung trong nhilu trudng dai hpc d Viet Nam nhung miic dp hudng din, npi dung, phucmg phap va each tiep can van chua thuc su dong deu. Cac npi dung ve quyen
NHA N lf d C VA PHAP LUAT con ngudi dupe long ghep vao trong cac mon hpc, tuy nhien chii y l u v^n ehi duac eoi la mpt chu de trong pham vi luat qudc te, din den chua co sir gan k i t thuc sir ch^t ehe giGa cae mon hpc vdi npi dung giao due nhan quyen. Ngoai ra, cac mon hpc dpc lap ve quyln con ngudi cDng chii yeu dimg lai d cac mon tu chpn.
2.2 Tien hdnh cdc hogt ddng nghien ciru khoa hpc vd tuyen truyen, phd bien phdp ludt ve quyen con nguai
Nghien cuu khoa hpc: hoat dpng nghien eim d cac ca sd dao tao neu tren rit dang khich le, no khong chi dimg lai d cac boat dpng don le, tu than ma da co su hgp tac, ho tro tir cac doi tae qu6c t l nhu Na-uy, Thuy Dien, Dan Mach, Australia, EU.... Cae hoat dpng nghien ciru chii yeu c6 the ke din nhu:
to ehiie cac hpi thao trong nudc va quoc te, to chiie cac Idp boi dudng ngan han, eac chuang trinh trao doi hpc vien, chuyen gia, thuc hien cac de tai/du an trong khuon kho thuc hien cac khuyen nghi UPR do eac d6i tae truyln thong ho trp, bien soan cac giao trinh, sach tham khao, tai lieu hudng dan, hoi-dap...ve van de quyen con ngudi. Ket qua cua boat dpng nghien eim nham ciing co them nhiing van de ly luan va thuc tien ve quyen con ngudi, dong thdi bo sung them nhiing nguon tri thitc, luan cir khoa hpc mdi cho su phat trien cua eac npi dung quyen con ngudi va phap luat ve quyen con ngudi; qua do lam sau sac han nhiing nhan thiic ve van de quyen con ngudi trong gidi nghien eim, hpc gia. Nhiing giai phap, de xuat ma cae cong trinh nghien ciiu khoa hpc mang lai co the trd thanh nguon tham khao rat hiiu ich doi vdi cac co quan nha nudc trong qua trinh xay dung cac chinh sach, phap luat ve van de quyen con ngu'di tai Viet Nam; va cung cap nguon hpc lieu phong phu, da ehieu cho dpi ngii hpc sinh, sinh vien, cac nha nghien ciiu ...
Nguon httpV/gassedu.vn/Detail,aspx?Artic!elD=2731&CatdID=225&CatdIDParent=2n&Title=Hoi-thao-quoc--te~
%E2%80%9CNghien-cuu-va-g]ao-duc-quyen-con-nguoi-o-Viet-Nam:-nhung-co-hoi-va-thach-thuc%E2%80%9D NGHIEN CUU I o n -LAP PHAP I ' "
S6 8(384)14/2019
NHA NirdC VA PHAP LUAT
Hogt ddng tuyin truyin, phd biin cdc ndi dung cua quyin con ngu&i. Cac boat dpng tuyen truyen, phd bien kien thirc dupe thue hien thong qua cae hinh thirc to chirc hpi thao, tpa dam, tap huan, noi chuyen chuyen de, sinh hoat cae cau lac bp, bien soan va phat hanh tai lieu tuyen truyen, pho bien npi dung phap luat trong nudc ve quyen con ngudi tdi cae doi tuong phii hpp; pho bien tren phuong tien thong tin dai chiing, chuyen trang, chuyen muc ve phap luat ve quyen eon ngudi; tu sach phap luat xa, phudng, thi tran, ca quan, don vi, doanh nghiep, trudng hpc... Npi dung tuyen truyen duoc lira ehpn de xoay quanh cac quyen eo ban cua con ngudi, cac cong cu hd trp, bao ve va thiic day quyen con ngudi; trach nhiem, nghia vu moi ca nhan, co quan, to chirc phai thuc hien nham dam bao viec ton trpng cac quyen con ngudi eo ban. Ngoai ra, mpt trong nhiing npi dung tuyen truyen cung dupe quan tam la cae dieu udc quoe te ve quyen con ngudi ma Viet Nam la thanh vien, cac thong tin lien quan den quy trinh bao cao UPR nhu; cong tac chuan bi, quy trinh bao cao, ket qua bao eao, eae khuyen nghi va viec thuc hien cac khuyen nghj tren thirc te, nhuTig kho khan va thuan loi... Qua cong tac tuyen truyen, can bp, nhan dan dac biet la ngudi dan timg bude nam bat, hieu dupe nhirng quy dinh phap luat cu the lien quan den quyen va Ipi ieh chinh dang, hpp phap ciia minh, cilng nhu vai tro va trach nhiem cua minh doi vdi van de thuc thi eae nghTa vu ciia quoc gia ve quyen con ngudi.
3. Sur tham gia ciia co* sd nghien cihi/dao t^o vao quy trinh xay durng va phan bien cac bao cao quoc gia ve quyen con ngiroi
Hien nay, su tham gia ciia eac co sd nghien eini/dao tao vao qua trinh xay dung cac bao cao quoc gia con khiem ton, nhung neu dupe "trung dung", vdi nhung kinh nghiem nghien ciiu va thuc tien giao due, dao tao, nhimg y kien de xuat tir cae eo sd nay se gop phan quan trpng cho viec hinh thanh bao
cao quyen con ngudi ciia quoc gia.
Ben canh do, nhu da bilt, UPR la ca chi lien chinh phu ciia HDNQ LHQ, co nhiem vu ra soat tong the cac van de nhan quyln tai tk ea cac nudc thanh vien LHQ vdi muc tieu la eai thien tinh hinh nhan quyen d tit ca cac nudc va giai quyet nhiing vi pham nhan quyln dien ra d bat eii dau tren the gidi; tang cudng hpp tac giiia cac quoc gia va h§ trp nudc dang kilm dilm de thiic day va bao ve nhan quyen; khuyln khich hap tac toan dien va gin ket giiia cac nha nudc va eac tl chirc phi chinh phu vdi HDNQ. De thuc hien muc tieu nay, HDNQ cung xac lap nguyen tic eho toan bp quy trinh UPR la doi thoai, hpp tac, binh dang, khach quan, minh bach. Chinh vi vay, cac thong tin dupe dua ra danh gia tai HDNQ khong chi la bao cao cua eac ehinh phii, ma con bao gom nhiing thong tin dupe tong hpp tir cac co quan nhan quyen quoc gia, cac to chitc phi chinh phii, vien nghien ciiu, ca nhan boat dpng trong ITnh vuc quyen con ngudi... Chinh vi vay, bao cao dpc lap tir cac trung tam nghien eiiu ciing CO the trd thanh nguon tham chilu cho qua trinh danh gia UPR cua qu6c gia tai HDNQ.
4. Thay loi ket
Nhin chung, cho din nay, cae ea sd nghien eiiu da tham gia kha chii dpng va hieu qua trong viee thuc hien chirc nang giao due, tuyen truyen va ph6 biln eac npi dung cua quyen con ngudi va phap luat vl quyln con ngudi, gop phan nang cao nhan thirc, trach nhiem ciia tirng ca nhan d6i vdi v4n dl ton trpng quyen con ngudi va cac quyln tu do co ban; giiip cho qua trinh thuc thi cac khuyln nghi UPR, dac biet la cac khuyln nghi lien quan true tiep den hoat dpng giao due nang cao nhan thuc ve quyen con ngudi trd len thuan Ipi va dat muc tieu nhanh chong ban Tuy nhien, de thiic diy han nua vai trd ciia cae ca quan nay trong thdi gian tdi chiing toi de xuat mpt so giai phap nhu sau'
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I NGHIEN CtfU , I LAP P H A P - / So 3(384)14/2019JJiu nhdt, can ket hpp ed hieu qua viee giao due quyen con ngudi vdi viec thuc hien cac Nghi quyet cua Dang, cac chuong trinh, dl an ciia Nha nudc ve phat trien kmh te - xa hgi, giai quySt viec lam, xoa doi giam ngheo...
Thic hai, day manh hon niia cac ehuong trinh giang day quyln con ngudi trong he thing giao due quoe dan, dac biet la dao tao 0 bac dai hpe va sau dai hpe; chuong trinh giao due quyen eon ngudi can dam bao tinh hien dai, on dinh va thong nhat, cd su ke thira giiia cac cap hpc; xem xet dua mdn hpc vl nhan quyen vdi npi dung thieh hop vao chuong trinh dao tao ciia cae trudng dai hpc a Viet Nam theo hudng la mon bat bupc doi voi cac trudng dai hpe dao tao chuyen nganh luat, va la mon tu chpn ddi vdi cac trudng dai hpc dao tao khong chuyen luat; tiep tue nghien eiiu timg budc xay dung va bien soan tai lieu giang day, va eo 16 trinh md cac khoa boi dudng kien thiic ve quyen con ngudi eho phu hpp vdi timg nhom doi tupng.
Thu ba, can sang tao va van dung nhuan nhuyen tong hpp eac hinh thiie, phuong phap giao due va tuyen tmyen, pho bien quyen con nguoi khac nhau; can chit trpng cac hinh thitc giao due dac thii thong qua cae hoat dpng hoach dinh chinh sach, dudng loi, boat dpng lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap; can sir dung, khai thac va van dung linh boat cac hinh thiic, phuong phap pho bien, giao due quyen eon nguoi bao dam tinh phii hap, hieu qua; dam bao npi dung tuyen tmyen phu hpp vdi ddi tuong va muc tieu; ket hpp giira pho bien, giao due quyen con ngudi vdi cac ky nang song, tu van phap luat, trp giiip phap ly, hoa giai CO sd, giai quylt tranh chip, xir ly vi pham phap luat'^..
Thic tu, chii trpng hon nira viee dao tao, boi dudng dpi ngii giang vien co kien thiic chuyen mon phuc vu eong tac giao due nhan
NHA NtfOlC VA PHAP LUAT quyen trong he thdng cac trudng dai hpc. Dpi ngii nay bao gom ca giang vien chuyen mon nhan quyen va giang vien trong cac chuyen mdn khac eo lien quan den npi dung nhan quyen; chii trpng dao tao dpi ngu giang vien, nghien ciiu vien chuyen nghiep ve chuyen nganh luat nhan quyen, dac biet la dao tao nang eao trinh dp ngoai ngii, co the cir giang vien di dao tao, tap huan d nudc ngoai; xay dung ke hoach thu hiit cae giang vien, nha khoa hpe gioi trong va ngoai nudc ve ITnh vue nay tham gia giang day ve luat nhan quyen tai cac co sd giao due dai hpc, nhat la cac ca sd giao due chuyen nganh luat; xay dung ke hoach dao tao, boi dudng nham nang eao nhan thiic ciia eae to ehire, lire Iupng co trach nhiem trong giao due quyen con ngudi; nang eao nhan thire eiia cac co quan quan ly nha nudc, CO sd giao due ve tam quan trpng va sir can thiet phai dua giao due quyen con ngucri vao trong cac chuang trinh dao tao d eac cap hpc, bac hpe, phu hpp vdi dieu kien kinh te, van hoa, xa hpi, dap img yeu cau hpi nhap quoc te; chii trpng tang cudng dao tao, bdi dudng cac tri thiic ve nhan quyen cho cac ehii thi CO trach nhiem, trudc het la cae nha quan ly, nha giao due.
Thil-ndm, xay dung bp hpe lieu chuan ve quyen con ngudi danh eho cac he dao tao dai hpc va sau dai hpc.
Thii- sdu. dau tu co sd vat chat, trang thilt bi va nguon tai chinh thich dang eho eac c a sd dao tao de thue hien cac hoat dpng nghien eim, giang day va tuyen truyen, pho biln kiln thirc ve quyen con ngudi.
Thic bay, tang cudng hpp tac quoe te trong ITnh vuc tuyen truyln, ph6 biln, giao due quyen eon ngudiB
15 B6 Due Hong Ha, Muc dich, vai tro, y nghTa, pham vi giao due quyk con ngudi. Sach tham khao "Giao due quyen con ngiroi - nhiing vin dS ly iuan va thuc tiln", Nxb. Khoa hoc xahoi, 2011, tr 59-60
. , NGHl£N Cini I O C S6 8{384)T4/2019 V L A P P H A P I ^ ^
