GIAO DUC VAN HOA DOC
TRONG THU" VIEN TRU'ONG TIEU tHQC 6 HA NOI
PGS.TSTian TW HJnh Nguyft Dai hpc van hoa Ha Nfi
VSn hoi dpc cua hpc smh ti& hpc hinh Oiinh vi phat bi&i dudi tic ddng cua nhSu y^ tS, bong dd quan trpng nhli la hopt dpng had^ dSn ^ cua cic thif v^n ti&i hpc. NhDiig nim gSn day, vdlsp'nS h/C cda dc dp lanh ^o vi dpi ngu nhin vien tin/vi^, hoat i^ng hui^ din dpc cua cic OiP vi0n 0^
hpctendiabinHaN^dSd nhieu d6i mdi tfieo hutShff da dpng, sinh ddng, phu h^ vdt die di&n dm srOi ly m^ tua hpc sinh. B^ vi&: dS c$p d&i dc hinh thut giio dpc vin hoi dpc bong thU vipn tiv&ng ti&hpcdHiNdi; Thut trpng vin hoi dpc cua hpc ^nh tiSu hpc d Ha N8i. Tirdd, tic gii du^ ra mdt s6 as xui^ nhim ning cao hpn niidhi$u qui giio dpc vin hoi dpc cho hpc snhtiA hpc trong thu vi$n tru&ng hpc
TUT khoi: Gido due, vdn hod dpc, thU v i ^ , trudng tieu hpc.
Ab5b3ct:
The reading culture ofpnmary school students is formed and devetoped under the Influence of many factors in which reading insbixbon activity by primary school libraries plays the most Important role. In the recentyears, with the efforts of leaders (^ all levels and library staff, the reading instruction activity of prl- mary school libraries in Ha Noi has achieved many innovations towards bdng more diversifled, livdy and sultatrie wiOi psychophysk^ogy characteristics of the student ages. The article mentions fonns of reading culture education in primary school libraries in Ha Noi; Sbjation of the reading culture (^primary sdm^
sfuctents in Ha Noi. Thereby, the author proposes some solutions to further Improve the effectiveness of reading culture education for pnmary school students In primary schocd libraries.
Keywords: Education, reading culture, iibranes, primary school.
Thu' vifn tnrdng ti£u h^c via g\Ao 6ifc vin hod dgc
Vdn hod dpc (VHO) c6 vai b * quan bipng ddi vdi ddi sdng con ngu«fi, ddc bift bong xa hfi hifn dpi - xa hfi ttifing tin. Ngdy nay, c6 rft nhifu phudng tifn truyfn tin giOp con ngudi c6 ttil Iinh hdi cdc gid bl vdn hod, tdnh nghifm tnang mpt khdng gian vd ttidi gian cv ttil: bao ddi bvc ti^, cdc phudng bfn nghe nhin, cdc phudng Ufn viin ttiong, may tfnh... Tuy nhien, ti^ nhfn ttidng tin qua tai lifu vSn ia phuang tifn phd bi&i vd dam bdo hifu qud cao bdi tmh 6n (^nh vd khd ndng tniyln bd khwig g i * hpn qua khdng gian vd ttift gian. Hdn niia,
dude iu\i trij* vd phd biln mft cdch d§ dang thu^n bfn. VHD trd ttidnh digu kifn ttiufn i ^ dio m5i ngudi tilp thu thdng tin, tri thiit vd vf n dvng mft cddi cd hifu qua vdo cdc hoat dfng sdng ciia minh.
VHD Id mft khdi nifm khd phiit tpp dui^ tilp can 6 nhiSu gdc df khdc nhau. Tlfp cf n vifc dpc nhu* mpt dpng hoat dfng sdng tpo ciia con ngudi, c6 ban chit vdn hod, cd ttil coi VHD td ting ttil cac ndng Ivt ctia chti t h l hudng tdi vifc tilp nhfn vd su* dvng ttifing tin m>ng tdi lifu, ttil hifn d khd ndng djnh hudng bh tdi iifu, khd ndng linh hfi tdi iifu mft cdch sdng tpo, dJng nhu* ttidi df utig xir vdi tdi iifu cOa mSt ngufti. Theo quan diem ndy cd
ndng lut gfai m3 vd t i ^ r ^ n tdi lifu aia hp.
VHD aja mfii ca nhan hinh thdnh rSt sdm, tii' khi con ngu^ biet t i ^ nhfn vd gidi md tai lieu.
T ^ em bjdi doi tnidng bit dau hpc (foe, hpc v i d vd cung vdi do, VHD hinh thdnh vd phdt biln. Of tu6) hpc sinh tieu hpc ding Id giai doan phiit tap trong cudc ddi aia mfii ngudi vdi hopt dfng diu dao Id hopt dpng hpc tf p. Cdc em con rat ft kinh nghifm sdng vd tilp thu kiSi thiit, kinh nghifm swig chii ydu c ^ hoat ddng hpc tap d nha tnidng vd dpc sdch. Do vdy, VHD Id dieu kifn quan trpng d l cdc em ti€p thu tri thdt, ddng thdi trudng fAm thfng cung Id mfii tn/dng thudn idi eho phdt triln VHD thdng qua vtfc cung cSp IdSn thCi'e, ky ndng dpc, phdt triln t l / duy sdng tpo, hinh thdnh cdc c^uln mvt img xi!r vdn hod cho cde em.
C6 rSt nhieu ylu td trong ttudng tilu hpc tdc dfng tdi VHD aia hpc smh. Chudng trinh gidng dpy dia nhd trodng id y&j td quan trpng ddi vcSli phdt ttiln VHD. a nhOhg ndm ddu bdc tilu hpt^
hpc sinh dude bang bi ky ndng dpc - ylu td rat quan bpng ddi vdi phdt ttl^ VHD. NhOhg nSm tilp theo, k9 ndng ndy dude hodn thifn, dong thdi tri thiit cua cdc em dude dSn phdt tnin. Phudng phdp gidng day cua thSy/ cd gido dnh hudng Idn tdi si/
hinh ttidnh vd itfidt biln t i / duy cua hpc sinh, qua dd dnh hudng din ndng ivt gidi ma va linh hfi tdi Ilfu aia cdc em. Cdc td chiit doan the trong nhd trudng cQng cd the phdt huy vai trd eiia minh trong gido dvc VHD dio cdc em thdng qua vifc Idng g h ^ cdc hopt dfng dpc sdch, giA ttiifu sddi hodc trao dot, thdo iufn vf ndi dung mft cudn sdch trong cdc budi sinh hopt thudng k^- Dfc bift, ttiu* vifn nhd budng Id khdng gian ttiich h ^ d l thvt hUn cat hopt dfng gido dvc VHD eho hpc sinh phd ttifing.
Cd the coi thu vifn trudng tilu hpc nhu" mpt trung tdm gtdo dvc VHD dio cdc em iiia tudi hpc sinh tilu hpc. Thl/ vifn vdi vdn tdt iifu i ^ n g phu, sdt V* chudng trinh hpc tdp trong nhd trudng, vdi cdc phudng phdp F^gc vv da dpng, hudng tdi phdt huy b'nh tkh oJt, sdng tpo aia ngudi dpc trong qud brir^ tilp efn vd sir dung tdl iifu sg hfi bd tich cvt cho vifc gido dve VHD cho hpc sinh phd ttifing. vfin tdi iifu cua ttiu* vifn ttudng t i &
hpc 06 3 bf p h ^ : tdi ilfu phvc vu gidng dpy cho
giao vien, tai iieu tham khao cho hpc anh va sach giao khoa, ttong do bf phdn sddi ttiam khdo d u ^ tdng cudng va hudng tdi dap iJmg nhu rau va ddc diOT tdm ly ilia hjoi eua cac em. Sdch ttiieu nhi, ddc biet la truyen ttanh ctii&n ty If cao ttong bf phan nay. Nhu cau dpc lanh mai^ aia hpc sinh tieu hpc dude ddp ilhg day dii bSng cdc hinh ttiiit phuc vu mudn va dpc tai cho smh dfng, hSp dan, thuan tien. Cdc phudng phdp h u i i ^ din dpc ddc thil Irong thl/vien nhi/gidl thifu sdch, thdo lupn sddi, ve banh ttieo sach, thi vui dpc sach... se giiip cdc em phat ttien nhu c3u va hiihg thii dpc mft cdch l&ih martf), hai hoa, dong thdi cung cd va phdt trien cdc ky ndng dpc iK dude hinh thanh trong chudhg ttinh hpc t ^ Nhung sir^ hopt tdp tt^ bong qud b^nh doc tpi thu vifn cung giiip cdc em rdn iuyfn t h ^ df ling xii vdn hoa vcfl sdch.
Cdc hinh tlitift gido dye vdn hod dpc trong t h l / v i f n tn/dng U&i hpc d Hd N f l
NhOhg ndm gSn day, gido dgc tilu hpc d Hd Nfi dd cd nhOng 6& mdi tich cgt. Hd Nfii dd bit ddu triln khai mfi hlnh trudng hpc Viet Nam mdl (Escuela Nueva Vift Nam - VNEN) d cdc budng tieu hpc, chuyen 6& tit vifc ddnh gid bing iinim sd theo phutmg phdp day hpc truyen thdng sang ddnh gid bdng nhfn x l ^ do ludng miit df hieu qud cua cdng vifc vd ndng ivt thvt hlfn cua hpc sinh.
Theo md hinh VNEN, hpc sinh dUdc tdng cudng )f thiit b/qudn, dude r ^ iuyfn cdc ky ndng lanh dao, k9 ndng tham gia, hdp tdc trong cdc hopt dfng.
Khdng gian ldp hpc d u ^ ^ ehiic thdn thifn, an todn vdi "Gdc hpc tfp", "Gdc cfing dong", "Thu'vifn idp hpc", hfim ttW"Dilu em mudn ndi"... Ciing vdi dfi ttiu vifn ttvdng tilu hpc dude tao dHu kifn vd khuyin khich phdt bien ttieo hudng ttidn thifn vd phdt ttiln b'nh tidi cgt cho cdc em.
Ho9t a^ng phifc v^ v& glAo dye vin hoi Ope
Cfing vdn s6 8705/SGD&DT ngay 03/9/2009 ciia Sd Gido dpc vd Ddo tao (GODT) Hd Nfi vS hudng din dpy hpc 2 budi/ ngay quy djnh edc ttudng tilu hpc ben dja bdn Hd Ndi hoat dfng ttteo md hinh bdn tni, mfii Idp c6 mft tiet bong tuBn dSi thu vifn dpc vd ldm theo sddi, bdo. Ddy chfnh la quan dilm vd diii trudng & h o/c ciia Sd
5(61)
GDDT gdp phSn dly mpnh cac hopt ddng phgc vu ttieo hudng gido dgc VHO eho hpe sinh ti^ hpc Hopt dpng phgc vp dpc dio hpc sinh tai cac thir vifn trudng tilu hpc dude thut hiln theo phudng chdm da dang hoa, tao dieu kien cho cac em tidi cut vd ehu dpng dpc sadi. Tir ndm hpc 2010-2011, Sd GDDT Ha Ndi d l ttiln khai ddng bf vS ^ diiit cdc goc hopt dpng trong ttiu" vifn theo mfi hinh thU vifn thdn thien. Mgc tieu aia md hinh nay id diuy&i ddi thi/ vifn by mft ndi von dli (rfigc vg dpc, mudn tai iieu ttieo phong each tniyin thdng trd thanh khfing gian da diiit ndng.
HSu h d cdc thl/ vien blu hpc thupc khu vgt npi thdnh da biln khai tir hai d€n ba gdc hopt dpng bong phdng dpc nhu* gdc v i ^ gdc vg, gde sdng tpo, goc w i hpc Nhieu tnidng tpn dgng hanh lang bfn ngodi phdng dpc, tiang tri cdy xanh, ve tranh tudng trang tri, bd bi bpt die thdnh goc Vui hpc d l gidm thilu sg'on do Idil tiai hdnh song song cung liic hopt dfng dpc sach tai diS nhu^ trudng Tilu hpc D&I Lir (Hodng Mai), tnibng Tilu hpc Nghia Dd (CSu Giay), tnidng Tilu hpc Giang Bien (Long Bien), trudng Tilu hpc DBng Tam (Hai Bd Tnmg), trudng Tilu hpc Thjnh Hdo (Ddng Da)...
Khu vvt F^gc vg dpc tpi chfi cd difn tidi tdi ttiilu tir 50m2 bd Ifn, phgc vg ttieo phudng ttiiit kho md (hodc bdn md). Cdc tai Ilfu dude sdp x|p trfn gid theo chii d€, ttieo mfin kipi vd duii^ d$t tfn eg ttil nhU': Vudn c5 tfch, em ylu t(ch sir, diung em khdm phd khoa hpc, bi sdch dpo diit (hi sdch chdm ngoan), bi sddi danh nhdn, tniyfn thilu nhi Vift Nam, buyfn ttiieu nhi nudc ngodi... Nhifu trudng <Q kit h<^ ddn ma mdu d gdy sdch giiip vifc tim sddi vd cat sdch duljc ttiufn tifn. Hpc sinh duXfc b/ Ig^ chpn sdch, bao ttieo sd ttifch, nhu cSu dpc ciia minh.
Bfn canh vifc dpc V dipn, hau het cdc ttiu"
vifn ttudng tilu hpc tt€n dja bdn ttianh ph5 da tt&i hdnh phgc vg dpc ttieo chu dS. Day Id hopt dfng chii dfng aia thu vifn dinh hUdng cho hpc sinh cdc topi sadi phi) hcfl) vdi nfi dung chudng binh hpc tfp, tilp cpn vdi cac ngudn tdi lifu hay bong ttiu vifn ttieo nhOhg hudng rd rdng, r ^ hjyfn cho hpc sinh ttidi quen dpc dSu ddn vd dpc tich cvt, qua dd hinh ttidnh phudng phdp dpc,
nhiing di@u ttiii vj bong sdch. C ^ chu d<l dpc sdch 6iAfc xdc djnh bdm sdt cdc si; kifn nH bpt trong thdng: thdng 11 vdi chii dS chao mimg Ngdy nhd giao Vift Nam, ttii/ vifn td chiit dio hpc sinh tim hi& sdch tniyfn \rta vS mdi tntdng, ttiSy/ ef gido, tinh thSy trb; ttidng 12 06 chii d l tim hi&
v l Quan dfi nhdn ddn Vift Nam; thdng 3 ed diii d@ chao mimg ngdy Qudc tS phg nif, thir vifn tf chut dpc sach vilt vg tinh cdm gia dinh, mdl dm, nhQng cdu chuyin vil m^, ve bd; thdng 5, thiTvifn ttiudng tD chiit dpc sddi vil Bdc Ho nhdn ( ^ ky nifm sinh nhft Bac... Kit hdp vfn dfng dpc sach theo chii d l , thu" vifn tS diiic cho cac em vHt thu hopch, ve tranh, vid cam nghT. Vf dg thdng 4/2012, thl/ vien trudng Tilu hpc Dodn Ttij Dilm td chtit cho hpc sinh khdi 4 dpc sdch theo chii de "Con muon Idm nghe g)?' gdm 30 cudn sdch thufc tu sdch hudng nghifp "NhSt nghf tinh" gidi thifu cdc ngdnh nghe: giao vifn, bdc sy, iuft sd, kiln tnic su*, bf dfi, ky su', lpp trinh vtin, phi cdng... kit h ^ vdi ve tranh minh hop ngh@ md cdc con thSy thii vj nhdt qua nhOhg trang sdch dd dpc. /
Vdi difn tfch phfing dpc hpc sinh hpn chi, ijch phgc vv dpc tpi chfi, kfn hSu hit cdc ti^ hpc, d l phvc vg dude nhilu lu'dt ban dpc, mft sd trudng da chii dfng md r ^ g khdng gian thir vifn bing vifc tfn dgng edc khodng khdng khdc trong nhd ttudng nhi/ trong IcSip hpc, ngodi trdi, hdnh lang, gdc cSu thang d l to chiit ttii sdch vd thi/ vifn lu\i dfng.
Tiil sdch lull dfng bong cdc ttiu' vifn trudng tilu hpc du'i^c td chtic dudi hlnh ttiiit bfl chpn mft sd sdch nhat djnh, dua vdo timg idp hpc d l F^gc vg gido vi3n, hpc sinh nhSm duy b) thdi quen dpc sdch thudng xuyfin, sau dfi djnh kJ' ludn diuySi, ddi sdch giO^ cdc ldp vdi nhau. Khu vvt d l sddi iUb d ^ ttiVdng Id gid sdch, bi sdch nhd d l d cudi Idp thuf n tifn eho cdc em tim dpc bong gid ra chdl, gid hudng din b/ hpc dudi sg* quan sdt qudn I'/ cua gido vifn chu nhifm hodc idp ttudng.
Thu* vifn lull dfng ttiudng td chut ngodi tttf, tfn dgng sin g h i dd dudi nhung gde cay cd bdng mdt, ngodi hdnh lang, gdc ciu thang, ndi cdc em c6 ttil tilp efn sdch mft cddi b/ do vd chia s l
ehuyin. Thu vifn ttudng Tilu hpc Nam Tmng Yen biln khai ttwo hinh thiit "ehi& d bi ttiijt" bang cdch diuSn bi nhOhg chi& fi to bwi canh nhOhg chile g h i dd ngodi san trudng d khu vi/e hpc sinh thudng xuyen lui tdi. Bfn tiong diiec d beo nhuhg eufvi sddi bdng cac sdi day nhilu mau sSc Cac em ngdi tren ghe dd vd dpc sdch. Kit ttiiic buoi hpc ho$c khi cd trdi mu^ thi di chuyin nhuhg chiec d ve khu vvt bdo quai. Thi/ vifn trodng Tilu hpc Trdng An tfn dvng hang lang rfng ngay ben ngoai thu vifn vdi day dii bdn ghe, gid sdch, bdo phvc vv hpc smh cdc gid ra chdi, trdng bit. ThU vien ttudng Tilu hpc Cdng nghf gido due Hd Npi td chiit
"Thu" vifn xanh" tpi gdc du thang, c^ npi quy va ljch b v t nhpt ludn F^ien eho cdc kJp, vdi khdng gian md d l hpc smh edc tdp de dang tham gia.
Ho^t d ^ tuyen trvySn gi6l thl$u sich v6lglio di/c vin hoi ^c
Hoat dpng tuyfn truyen gid thifu sddi trong cdc ttiu- vifn budng ttiu hpc du'dc t f chiTC khd da dpng theo phutmg chdm sinh dfng, hSp din, phu hdp vdi ddc d l ^ tdm li^ iii^ tull aia edc em.
Dpc to nghe chung dudc dp dgng ttiudng xuyfn d hpc ky I vdi hpc sinh khoi 1 do thdi diem ndy cde em cdn gfp lung hing trong viec dpc sdch vd chua hilu het nfl dung cudn s&d\ md minh bd dpc. Den hpc ki" n aia khdi 1 vd ddi vdi cdc 1 ^ khdc, vifc dpc to nghe chung dudc col Id mpt hopt dfng diung aia tilt ttiu" vifn nhSm ket ndi glQci nhdn vifn thu* vifn vd cdc em vdn ngudn tdi tifu ttong Oil/vifn. PhSn npi dung sddi trong dpc to nghe chung id nhOng cdu diuyfn cd npi dung ngin, vda du d l thu hiit sv tfp trung aia cdc em hpc sinh. Khi tien hdnh dpc to nghe chung, thu*
vifn thudng long ghep thdng difp vf gid trj cufc sdng d l gido dgc cdc em. Vf dg: Thdng 2/2013, Thu" vifn trudng Tilu hpc Qudc t l Tudng lai dpc sddi cho khffl 1, 2 vdi diii df T f t ylu thudng".
CSu ehuyfn dudc lga chpn dpc to nghe ehung id
"Sg" tich bdnh chuhg, bdnh ddy" kit hdp vdi binh chUu powerpoint hinh dnh hoa ddo, hoa mai, cdy quit, bdnh chung, bdnh tdt, mdm cfi ngdy T ^ b ^ if t$ng bao li id, phdo hoa ngdy Tit., giup hpc sinh hilu hem vg ph«ig b ^ tfp qudn, nhOUg net dfc tn/ng aia ngdy Tit cd tnjyfn.
Hopt dfng gidi ttiilu sadi d cdc budng tieu hpc trong nhuhg n&n hpc gan day diln ra diu dan va cd diat hidng. Tat ca cdc t r u ^ difu ddm bao thvt hien diing yeu cSu de ra aia Sd GDDT Ha Npi Id gidi ttiilu it nhat 1 ttidng/ lan. Odi thifu sdch dudc diln ra trong cdc tiS thi/vifn, ti^ sinh hoat dudi od, tilt ngoai khoa. Khi ttiln khai gidi ttiieu trudc toan trudng, thu" vien thudng phdi kit h ^ vdi Tdng phv tradi Ddi. Trong hopt dpng ngoai khoa thtr vien, nhan vien thu* vien thudng k 3 hdp vdi cdc gido vien, ngudi lam ofing tac Dpi va huy dong mdt sd em hpc sinh dong gdp cac tilt mgc vdn nghf, ngam thd, dien kich minh hoa eho nft dung ttong sdch... thfm hap din, sinh dwig va dat hieu qud cao hdn.
Cdc budi ndi ciiuyfn chuyen de dudc to chii'c vdi mvc d»di gdi md va gidi thifu v3n d l dd.
Trong cdc budi ndi ehuyfn nay, nhd trudng thudng mdi cdc nhd vdn, nha thd hodc phdi ket hdp vdi nhd sdch din ndi ehuyfn vd giao iuU vdi hpc sinh.
Vf dv, ndm 2014, hpc sinh bUdng T\&i hpc Td Hien Thanh da dt djp dupc gfp gd va giao IU^J vdi nhd vdn Tp Duy Anh tpi sSn trudng v()i chu d l
"Boi dudng ky ndng vi3 vSn cho hpc sinh tilu hpc". Trong budi giao IUU, nhd vdn hudng din edc em hpc sinh cddi d l vig dudc nhQng bdi vdn hay, ding nhu- chia se nhung kinh nghifm eufc sdng, nhiing ky nifm ttidi au thd ma nhd vdn da dua vao tdc phim aia minh. Trong phSn giao li/U vdi nha vdn, cdc em hpc sinh Td Hi&i Thanh dS dua ra rat nhi@u cau hdi lien quan dfn each v i ^ bdi vdn hay ddc bift Id vdn ta cdnh, hay ddn gian Id nhQng cdu hdi xoay quanh ojfc sdng ciia nha vdn...
Dfc bift, hopt dfng ngopi khoa "Ngdy Hfi dpc sddi" id mpt hinh thiit sang tao aia cdc tn/dng phd ttidng Ha Nfi b i n cd sd phdi kit hdp ed hai hinh thiit tuyfn t r u ^ mifng va trvt quan nhdm hudng ilhg "Ngay Sdch Vift Nam". Ngay Hfi dpc sddi diln ra vdfi nhieu hopt dfng phong phu nhU biy&i bm«i sddi, bimg bay, biai iam sddi, quyln gdp sdd) vd tfi chiit cdc cufc ttit nhu" ttii gid^ ttiifu sadi, ttii ve banh ttieo sddi, ttii vilt cam ttiy ve sddi, ttii xep sdch nghf ttiupt.. Mft so ttudng da bi&i khai rat tdt nhu trudng Tilu hpc Gia Thuy {Long Bien), Tilu hpc Tdn Mai (Hodng l«lai), Tilu
5(61)
hpc Hodng Hoa Thdm (Ba OWi), Tilu hpc CSng nghe Ha Noi (Hai Bd Tnmg), Tieu hpc Ban Mai (Hd Ofing), Tilu hpc Qudc te bJdng lai, Ti&i hpc Nguyin Sieu (Ou Giay), Tiai hpc Trwig An, Ti&j hpc Tran Nhat Dudt (Hodn Kion)...
Ve branh theo sdch la hinh thut giup hpc sinh t h l hien dUdc nhihig cam xiic aia minh sau khi dpc sach bdng net ve, bwig mau sSc vdi si/sdng tao cua cdc em. VS tiarti theo sddi, vift thu hopch ttiudng dude bien 1^1 tai gdc vHt, gdc v l bong thu- vien hodc dudc td chiit ttianh cdc hfi thi theo cdc chu de. Vidg, ve Ipi bia cudn sat^ em yfiu thidi, ve tranh theo tdc pham ngu" vdn em dutJc hpc, tfm tat lai cdu ehuyfn em vte dpc, vHt cdm nhfn ciia em ve cudn sddi viet ve tinh ban..
Cdc san pham cua hpc sinh dude IUU glQ" tpi thU vifn, nhOng bdi viSt hay, nhOhg biit banh dep, sinh dfng dUdc tnmg bay tpi cdc gde vd fren bdng tin thU vifn.
Tuyfn truyfin t n ^ quan dude tB chut dUdi hinh thiit trung bay biln lam vd ddn hinh dnh ttfin bdng tin thu" vien ttieo chii dS hodc tdi tilu mdl bd sung. Chii df ciia tdi iifu dude ttutig bdy, triln lam tpi cdc thu* vtfn trudng tilu hpc thudng Id: Mimg Ngdy nhd gido Vift Ham, Bac Hd kfnh yfiu, khoa hpc vui, kham phd the gidl dfng vdt, truyfn tranh danh nhdn lich sit...
Bin cpnh vtfc ho trd tpo cdc bdi gidng iXf n hi, mft trong nhutig Omg dgng aia cdng nghf thong tin vd truyin tiifkig trong cdc tn/dng tilu hpc ^1 Hd Npi hlfn nay la xdy dVhg vd phdt biln cdc trang web ciia nhd budng. Cdc trang web do cung trd thdnh mft kenh tuyfn t n ; ^ thdng tin aia thU vifn trudng. Nhieu tn/dng tieu hpc da bUt tfn dgng kinh ttifing tin nay d l tdm phong phu ttifim ngudn Igt thfing tin, ddng ttidi ( ^ bifin tdi ilfu cho ban dpc mft cddi thuan tifn, nhanh d M ^ . Mft sd trudng dua tin bang web phSn gkSi thifu nhuhg cudn sach hay, sdch mdi nhfpvS thu* vifn d l thfing tin rfng rdi din bpn dpc nhU tnjiimg Tilu hpc Lfi Quy Dfin, Oodn Thj Dilm, Cdt Unh... Sg" da dpng, tinh hoat v l mdt hinh Uiiit, sg"
phong phu, mdl m l v l mdt nfi dung (^ gliip dio hopt dfng bjyfin buyen, gidl ttiilu sddi tpt cdc thu vifn ndy dpt dudc nhutig hifu qud ddng k l , gdp phSn thu hut ban dpc dSn thU vien vd ndng
cao chSt ludng hopt dfng.
Bin cpnh dfi, cd ttil ttiSy mft sd dilm ylu trong hoat dfing aia cdc thiT vifn tn/dng tifiu hpc d Ha Npi. Thl/ wen cac budng tilu hpc da c6 nhi&i cd ging da dpng hod cdc hopt dfng phgc vy, nhung chua c6 si/dong dSu giOa cdc trudng, dfc bifit c^ sv* chenh lfch giOa dia bdn nfi thdnh va ngoai ttidnh. Nhieu tiudhg diua tfn dgng mft cdch cd hilu qua cac ttit hpc thu vifn dude bd bi hdng tuSn trong chudng trinh de hudng dSn dpc cho cdc em. Trong ttiUt t l cdc ttiU vifn cdng cdng vdthuvlfn tn/dng tilu hpc dS cd nhQng cd gdng lien kit, phdi htfp trong vifc phuc vg, gido dgc VHD cho cdc em, biy nhtin hifu qud aia sy" [rfifii tv)p do chua cao do thieu cd che vd md hinh thfch hdp.
Nhin ehung, cdc hinh ttiilt phyc vy bpn dpc bong vd ngodi thU vifn, tuyfin buySn gidfl thifu sddi (tryt quan, hiyfin ttuyen mifng...) dd dudc dp dgng khd sinh dpng, vdn dyng sdng tpo vdo thgt tien va phii hdP vdi tdm ly cdc em hpc sinh tilu hpc, Ifii cudn ddng ddo cdc em tham gia. Sy kit hdp sdng tpo giua cac hinh thiic phgc vg, tuyfin truyfin gidi thifu sdch phu hdP vdi tlm ty ilia tudi khdng chi giiip cdc em phdt triln nhu c3u, hiing thu dpc md cdn giiip cac em phdt biln khd ndng cdm thg vd vf n dyng sdng tpo nhOhg hilu bifit ttong sdch vdo ttigt tiln. Kit qud aJa nhung nfi lyt ddng k l dd, VHO aJa Iiia bjoi nhi ddng tai Hd Nft dang dUdc hinh t^dnh vd phdt triln theo xu hudng idnh mpnh vd hdi hod.
Thvrc tr^ng vdn hod dgc cua hgc sinh t i l u h9C d Hd N$i
Theo kit qud di@u ba VHD cua nhdm tdc gid dS tai cdp Bp tpi Dpi hpc Vdn hod Ha Nfl, VHD aia hpc sinh tilu hpc d Ha N$ dang hinh ttidnh vd phdt b-lln vdi nhOhg ddu hifu tfch afc
Nhu (Su dpc d edc em dS bit dSu dUdc hinh thdnh vd oing cd tUdng ddi viing chle, phdt ttiln da dang hudng vdo nhOYig nft dung Idnh mpnh.
Mfc dil sdng trong mft mdi tn/dng sfil dfng, c6 nhifiu phudng tifn thdng tin vd gidi trf hifn dp), dpc sdch vin Id hopt dfng dude cdc em u\j tifin hdng dSu, ty If cdc em ddnh thdi gian rfii d l dpc sdch, bdo vin cao nhSt so vA cdc hopt dfng khdc
(nfi ttianh dii&n 64% va ngoai ttidnh la 57%).
Nhu du tim \am thong tin tren Internet aia cdc em cung bdt dSu hinh thdnh. Cdc em cung bid tim kilm nhung tdc pham yfiu thkti ttidng qua Internet Mpt sd &n da bdt dSu cd y thiit \K muc dfch dpc sddi, tria tim den nhiing cudn sach cd nfi dung td^ cd tdc dung gido dye cao nhu truyen m tidi, truyfn danh nhan, truyen ljch sir, tniyfn khoa hpc hay truyin vilt vfi tinh ban...
Hpc sinh tilu hpc da bdt dau hinh thdnh ky ndng dpc hilu vd ITnh hfi cdc gia tn trong sdch, bdo vd van dung trong hpc tf p va d£fi sdng. Neu xem xlt khd ndng cam thu sddi d 5 miic df: miit thd'p nhat id khdng nhd gi sau khi dpc, miic thii hai la nhd mft sd dli bet diu yoi, mdt thir ba nhd dude npi dung diinh, miit tiii/ b/ id hieu dudc chit d l , nhd t i n sdch vd t i n tdc gia, mtic thir ndm Id vua hieu rd chii dS, nfi dung, vua cfi Uidt khao mudn van dgng vao cufc sdng. Cd the thay phSn idn cdc en\ dpt mirc df trung binh trong cam thy nfi dung sddi, b i t Id miit thir ba (39% nfi ttidnh vd 43% ngopi ttidnh). Trong qud trinh dpc, nhifiu em da bilt ghi lai nhQng suy nghT, cam xik: cua minh d l cdc em cd ttil ghi nhd liu hdn, dong ttidi cGng trao ddi vdi ngudi thSn nhQng y kiwi, cdm nghl aia minh v l cde cudn sddi da dpc Dd id mft trong nhOng ky ndng rdt tfch cgt giup cdc em dpc sdch hifu qud.
Klin ttiiit trong sdch, bdo da dpc dude da sd cdc em linh hfi vd iing dgng vdo hpc tfp, giiip cdc em hilu bdi nhanh hdn, tdt hdn (88% nfi ttidnh, 91% ngopi thdnh). 48% hpc sinh tilu hpc d nfi thdnh bia thudng xuyen vf n dgng kien thiit trong sdcii trong qud trinh hpc tfp, tV If ndy d hpc sinh ngopi thdnh Id 61%, cao hdn nfi ttianh.
Cdc em dS cd nhQng hdnh vi img xii cd vdn hod ddi vdi sddi, bdo cd bong khi dpc sdch vd sau khi dpc Kfit qud iKfiu ba cho thiy 80% hpc smh tilu hpc nfi thdnh va 79% ngopi thdnh cd y ttiiit glQ- ^ sddi, bdo cSn ttif n. Rat hi&n hdnh dfng cdt, x^ bang sdch, \ i l t , vfi vdo sdch, Idm mSt sddi, khdng quan tdm dfin sdc^.
Tuy nhifin, vSn cfin nhung nguy cd phdt tnen Ifdi Ipc bfim &i trong VHD aia hpc sinh tilu hpc tpi Hd Nfj. Nhu cSu dpc ciia cdc em diua hai hod.
chua thut si/ ben vGhg. Mpt so em danh rdt it ttxfi gian dio viec doc sach. Bin canh nhimg em do t>dn than co y thiit dpc sdch thi van cd nhuhg em dn din si/ ddng viin, khuyai bdo aia thSy cd, cha me diir chua phai Id nhu cau thut sU tir diinh t»n thdn cac em. 6 liia tuoi cdc em, ran phdi dpc mpi diii d€ liin quan 6en cufc soig d l tiep thu kinh nc^iem xa hpi mfit each toan diln.
Nhung trong Ungt tiln van cd mdt sd hpc sinh c6 nhu cau, hirng thu dpc ph'tin diln, ngodi nhQng tdc pham vdn hpc dudc hpc bong chudng trinh hpc, khong dpc ttiem beft o i tac pham nao khac md diLi ylu dpc truyen tranh. Tham chi, cd em khi trd kfi phdng van cdn not rdng: "Em chdn nhat Id nhOhg cudn sach vcm hpc vi nd rat nhSu chQ"
vd dau dau". Khi lya chpn sdch, bdo de dpc, bfin cpnh nhutig em cd mye dfeh rd rang, Idnh manh, cdn cd mft bf phdn nhd cdc em dpc tuy hi/ng vd l^ifing CO k§ hoach dpc sach hdP ly- l^eu khdng dude i^nh hudng kip thdi, rat cd the cac em se cd xu hudng dpc lfch ipc, phUn difn do d l bj Idi klo, bdtchUdc.
Ky ndng hieu va linh hfii cdc gid trj trong sddi, bdo diua cao va ehua I n dinh. NhQng phudng phdp dpc hifu qua nhu dpc cd trpng <Sem, cd ghi cii^p ipi chua thgt si/ id thdi quen cua da sd nhi dong d Hd Noi. Nhilu em chi dpc ludt d l ndm dudc y difnh aia tdc pham. Da sd cdc em khfing ghi chip, trao ddi sau khi dpc vd n&j cd thi khfing thudng xuyfin thgt hifn. Chinh vi vdy, da sd cdc em mdl dimg lai d mut dp trong binh trong cdm thg sdch, sd em dpt mut dp cam thy sdch cao chua nhffiu. Vifc linh ha, lihg dung nhQng kien thiit da dUdc dpc trong sach d l su* dyng vao thyc tiln aia cdc CT1 ding cfin khd khifim tBr\. Vin cdn nhilu em chua vdn dyng tden thut da dpc vdo vifc hpc tfp hay difi sdng. vIn ehua cd sg" khdc biet rd n a v l kha ndng hilu vd linh hfi npi dung sadi giua nhung em cd hpc lut khd gidi vdi nhuTig em hpc trung binh.
Mftsdem chua cd vdn hod ijtig xirvdi tdi iifu, van cfin cfi nhQng hdnh dpng thi&i bdn bpng sdch, bdo nhu^ cufn sddi, gap bang d l ddnh dSu, d l sdch, bdo khdng ngay ngSn trfin gid. Trang tU thfi ngoi dpc sdch, cdn c6 nhQng em ngdi khdng ngay ngdn, cd em dua ctian len ghe, gSy dn do,
5(61) 11
Idm mat thifin cam aia cac bpn xung quanh va Wii&J nhdn vien thU vifn phdi nhdc nhd.
Mgtsffdgxudft
Khong t h l phii nhan rdng thU vifin ttudng tilu hpc d Ha Ndi vcfi nhOhg hoat ddng da dpng vd sinh dpng da cd ddng gdp kha ldn trong sg* phat tnen VHD aia hpc anh, ddng thcfi nhung hpn die btmg VHO aia cdc em dbig phdn dnh nhQng dian yeu bong boat dwig thU vtfn. Mdt khdc, cung phdi nhpn ttiiic rfi rdng, d i ^ ludng giao dye VHO cho hpc sinh trong thU w ^ trodng hpc khfing cJii phg ttiufc vao ehinh nhdn vifin thU vien md cdn diiu su tdc dfing cua nhieu yfiu ^ khac. Chinh vi vpy, d l ndng cao hdn nOa hifu qud gido dye VHD dio hpc sinh tilu hpc ttong ttiu vifn ttudng hpc, dn phdi cd mft hf ttidng cdc gidi phap dong bf.
- Thidc ha, cSn ndng cao nhpn thut aia cdc cdp qudn ly ve vai bo aia thU vifn ttudng hpc ttong gido dye VHD, dfc bift vdi hpc sinh tieu hpc Mfc dii ngdnh Gido dgc Ha Npi da cd nhung dli dpo tkii cgt vdi hopt dpng thU vifn tn/dng hpc, nhung trong ttigt \£ khfing phdt cdp quan IV ndo ding nhfn thiit dude dly du tdc d ^ ciia thu vifn din VHD aia cdc em, tao cdc rdo can ddi vdi hopt dpng thu i ^ tn/dng pho thong, trong dd cd thU vifn ttudng tt&i hpc Chi cd si/ quan tdm dling va du aia cdc cdp ldnh dpo, ngudn Igt vft ctidt, nguon igt con ngu'di mdi dudc ddm bao vd quan trpng nhSt mpt od die phdi h ^ hifu qud mdl dude ehSp nhfn, dd chfnh Id dieu kifn quan trpng d l ndng cao hifu qua gido dye VHD eho edc em. Bin cpnh vtfc col chdt lUdng boat dfng thU vifn nhu mft tifiu dif ddnh gid diSt ludng chung aia nhd trudng nhu hlfn nay, ran tdng cudng cdc budi top ddm trao ddi v l vai bo aia thU vifn vd cde bifn phdp nang cao chSt ludng hopt dfng thU 1 ^ trudng tSlu hpc vdt 9/ ttiam gia ciia lanh dpo nhd trudng.
- Ndng cao ndng igt ehuyin mdn vd ldng ylu nghe etw nhan vien thU vifn trudng tieu hpc Nhin diung ndng Igt chuyfin mdn aia nhdn vifin ttiu vien budng ttiu hpc diua tao. Mpt sd nhdn vifin ttiu vifn khdng cd kha ndng Idm vifc cd hifu qud trong gid OiU \nfn, kem diii dfng ttong vifc gidi ttiifu sdch vd ttiu hiit hpc sinh tin ttiu vifn.
Hifn nay cdc trudng ti& hpc cong Ifp trin dia ban thanh phd dfiu bd tri 01 nhdn sf Idm cfing tdc thu v i ^ dudI chtit danh la nhdn viin ttiU vifn (khdi ddn ipp cd ttifi bd tti 1 hofc 2 nhdn sv).
Nhi&u ngudi ttong sd dd Id gido vifin kilm nhifm, khfing it ngudi diua dudc ddo tpo nghifp vg thu vien. Tuy nhifin, dfl ngQ nhan vHn thUvlfn khfing dn djnh, nhilu ngudi ttiay dra cdng vifc do khdng ylu nghe vd mft phan do chi df dai ngf UiSp. V!
vfy, bfn canh vifc md ldp boi duQng nghifp vg thudng xuyIn cho nhdn vifin thu vifn trtidng hpc, can tdng cUdng cdc h$ thdo, tham quan trao doi kinh nghifm giOa cdc tn/iftig b i n dja ban ttiinh phfi.
Sg* ddi ngf dot vdi nhdn wen thU vifn trudng hpc ehua tudng xiing vdi nhOhg ddi hdi khdch quan ddi vdi cdng vifc eiia hp. Nhdn viin thU vifn trudng tieu hpc chi dudc nhan mut tudng trung cdp bit k l hp c6 bdng ai* nhan hay ttipc sy. HSu h i t nhdn viin ttiU vifn cdc ttudng tilu hpc chua dudc nhfn phy cdp uU dai ngl^ nghifp. Chfnh sddi dd ft nhieu hpn chfi si/ nhift tinh vd chdt lUpng cdng tdc ctia nhSn vifin ttiu vifn. D l ndng eao si/
nhift b'nh vd Ifing ylu nghl aia nhdn vifn ttiU vifn, cdn phdi cd che d f ddl ngf xitng ddng. Ttong thi/c tfi, mfii nhSn vifin ttiU vifin budng tilu hpe d Hd Nfl thudng ddm nhifm b^ng binh 23 dfin 25 tilt ttiU vif n/ bian, tudng duang vdi djnh suit gidng dpy eiia moi gido viai tifiij hpc (23 tifit/ tuSn).
Hifn nay, cdc ttUdng tilu hpc trong ttidnh phd da cho nhdn vifin tiiu vifn hudng phy cdp dpy theo tjit thvt tf, nhutig mut bdt dudng qud ttidp (bung binh tir 8.000 din 10.000 ddng/ tiS) so vdi quy djnh vudt gid eiia gido vlln, trong khi dd ngodi tifin vudt gid, gido viin cdn dUde hudng phg cdp gidng dpy. Qi ndng cao chSt ludng gtdo dgc VHO cho cdc em bong mfii tia ttiU vifn, nln tpo dilu kifn dfi nhdn vi&i thU vifn 6uK}c hudng phg cdp gidng dpy nhu" mpt giao vien diing ldp. Dude ddi ngf xilng ddng, nhdn vlln thU vifn sfi yen tdm cdng tde vd Idm vtfc vdi chdt ludng cao hdn.
- Tdng cudng vdn tdi ilfu vd ed sd vft chdt trang thia b| cho thu vifn. Trong thyt t l , nhu c3u dpc dia edc em dang phdt brlln, nhuhg wSn tdl lifu ciia thU vifn tnidng tKki hpc ci»i hpn chfi. Theo tilu chuin ttiU vifn tmdng hpc aia Bf GDDT, ttiU
vifn budng tilu hpc dat diuIn phdi 06 ty* If sadi tham khdo 2 cudn/ 01 hpc sinh, dpt lien tiai phdi cd 2,5 cuon/ 01 hpc sinh, dpt xuat sic phdi cfi 3 ojon/ 01 hpc sinh. Tbeo sd iifu ttidng ke ndm 2009, sd sach ttiam khdo cua cdc ttudng tilu hpc trin dia bdn ttidnh phd da dpt ton b^ If trung binh 2,7 cudn/ 01 hpc sinh. Tuy nhifin, sdch phii hdp vdi hpc sinh tilu hpc thudng ta tmyen tranh, truyen it chQ', cdc em thudng dpc rat nhanh, n^i phan ldn cdc em ( ^ CO yfiu cau thu vifin nen tdng cudng bd sung tdi lilu. D§ ddm bdo kinh phf bo sung sddi dn djnh, cac ttudng nln b'nh dii kinh phf cho thu vifn theo Thdng t u lien Bp Tai chi'nh - Gido dgc vd Odo tpo so 30/TTtB ngdy 26/7/1990, trong dd quy (Hnh kinh phi dau tu cho tiiU vifn tit 2-3% tdng ngan sddi giao dgc thudng xuyIn hdng nSm. Ngoai ra, nfin duy tri phudng thtic vpn dfng hpc sinh gdp sach cho thU vifin.
»
can cd cd che phdi hdp ch^t c^e giua ttiu vdi gido vlln diu nhilm vd gia dinh trong dgc VHD cho cac em hpc sinh tilu hpc. Nhan vlln thU vifn da cd nhilu cd gdng trong vifc phdi kit hdP vdi gtdo vHn chii nhiem trong hudng din cdc em dpc sach, tuy nhiin c3n c^ cd die cg t h l d l sv phdi hdP dd dut>c tiln hdnh mpt cddi thudng xuyfin vd cd hifu qua cao hdn. Phan Idn cdc gia dinh d Hd Npi deu quan tam din \Hfc dpc sach aJa con em mtnh, nhuhg diua cd sg'trao ddi thudng xuyfn vdi nha trudng vd thU vifn ve ke hopch vd phudng phdp hudng dan dpc, hpn che hifu qua gido dgc eho edc em. Sg* lifin hf glQa giao vlln chu nhifm va phg huynh hpc sinh diln ra thudng xuyfin vd kha hieu qua, nhdn vifin thU vifin nfin phdi hi^p vdi giao vlln chit nhifm de ka hdp chdt chfi vdi phy huynh trong vifc hudng din cdc em dpc sddi.Thmg nhimg ndm gan day, cdc thu vifn trudng tilu hpc b ^ dja ban thdnh phd Hd Na da eo nhung ddng gdp ddng kfi trong gido dye WD cho hpc sinh. Hy vpng trong tudng lai, vdi sy* quya tdm
aia cdc cap lanh dpo ngdnh Qao due, ding nhU sU no lyt aia dpi ngu nhan vien thi/ viin, cdc ttiU wen ttudng tiai hpc d Thu dd s l bd ttidnh nhOhg ttung tdm phdt trial VHD, gdp phan tpo nen nhQng the hf ndng ddng, sdng tpo cho tudng lai.
TAI u f u THAM KHAO 1. Tran Thj M M i Nguyft Vn/vien tnOng pho thdng v& vipc ning cao chit luting giio dpc II Gido dye - 2006. - So 138. - Tr. 43-45.
2. Tran Thj Minh NgtiyfL Gao due vin hoi dpcdtotiiemld^tuSnl^ddngdHaNa: Bao cao tmg quan de tai nghien oiU l^ioa hpc cfp Bp. - H.;
Dai hpc Van hod, 2015.
3. Johnson, William A. Reading ojlture and education. Http://www. yale.edu.
(Ngay toa soan nhan bai: 18/7/2016; Ngiyf^n bi$n dinh 0i: 22/8/2016; Ngiy chap nh$n dang:
25/8/2016)
THI/C TRANG VA GlAl P H A P . . .
TiSp theo b3ng 45 Thu vifn trudng THPT chuyen Nguyen Hue sfi phdt huy dude tdi da vai trd ciia minh, dap uhg tft nhu cau f n aia NDT, gdp phan xdy dung tmdng THPT chuyen Nguyen Huf ngdy cdng vimg manh, cd uy b'n.
T A I U t U THAM KHAO 1. Ddm Thj Kim Ufin, Trin Xudn Hod. MdtsS chuyen di vS nghiep vp Thu vipn tni&ng hpc. • H. : Giao dgc, 2009.
2. TiSn Thj Minh NguyfL Ngu&i dimg tin vi nhu du tin. - H.: Dpi hpc Qudc gia Hd Nfi, 2010.
3. IA Hggc Canh. dm nang O1U viSn bv&ng hoc. • Tp. Hd Chi Mmh.: Dai hpc SU pham, 2009.
4. Tnjicmg Thing hpc phd ttiong chuyen Nguyin Huf: Http://www.chuyennguvenhue.edu.vn.
5. Tilr Vdn Sim. S6 tay cdng tac thu ViSn trUdng hpc - H : Sdo dye, 2008.
T^pchiTHlTVl
