Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Luil hgc, Tip 29, So 4 (2013) 52-57
TRAO DOI
^Giao due quyen con nguai cho tre em trong boi canh doi moi can ban, toan dien giao due
va dao tao a Viet Nam hien nay
Le Thi Phirong Nga*
Khoa Ludt, Dgi hoe Qudc gia Hd Npi, 144 Xudn Thijy, Cdu Gidy. Hd Ngi, Viit Nam Nhgn ngiy 14 thing 10 nim 2013
Chinh sua ngay 19 thing 11 nim 2013; Chip nhgn dSng ngay 15 thdng 12 nam 2013
T6m tat: Bii viet ciia tic gia phin tfch vai tro cua giSo due quyen con ngudi eho tre em trong b6i canh Vi?t nam se ihuc hien doi mdi toan dien, cin bin giio dye vi dao tao. Tic gia da dS xuit viec tfch hgp, long gh^p b6n chucmg liinh giao due cho tre em, bao g6m: giio due quySn con ngudi, giio dye dao due, giao due phip lu^t va ky ning s6ng.
Vi?c Ifch hyp niy can dugc thg hi?n trong chuong trinh, bii hoc cho cic em 6 nhi imdng, ffong cac cgng dong. Day la cich lim se inang lai hieu qua xa hgi, lik ki?ra thcri gian vi tao sy hap dan, thuyet phyc Ire em, hoc sinh. Myc dich, nhiem vy cua giio due quyin con ngudi li nhim cung'cip cho cic em hieu biet co ban ve quyen, bdn phgn ciia minh va su Ion trgng, bao v? quyen ciia nhirng nguoi khde. hinh thinh phim chat dao diic nhan vin, ky ning sdng cho tre em.
Tir khda: Giio dye quyen con ngudi, giao dye dgo diic, giio dye phip luit, giao due ky nang song, d6i radi giio due.
Nghi quyet Hdi nghi lin thii 8, Ban Chip hanh Trung uong khda XI (Nghj quylt sd 29- NQ/TW) vk ddi mdi ein ban, toin di?n giio due va dao tgo da dugc ban banh ngiy 4 thang 11 nim 2013. Mgi trong nhihig djnh hudng quan trgng, cdt ldi eua edng cudc ddi radi nay la su chuyen ddi qua tnnh giao due tij chu ylu trang hi kien thuc sang phit trien toin dien nham hinh thinh pham chat dao due nhan vin
DT: 84-982114786 Email; [email protected]
vi ning lire nhan thurc, ky ning thuc hinh eho ngudi hge. Hoc di ddi vdi banh ly luan gin vdi tb^rc lien giio due nhi tnidng ket hgp vdi giao due gia dinh va giao dye xa hgi, d^y eho ngudi hgc cie ky nang mem. kha ning ung phd, giii quyet cic van de [1].
Dk trien khai thye hien viee ddi mdi cin bin, toin dien giao dye va dao tao, cd rit nhilu edng viec ptiai lam. trong dd ed giao dye quyen eon ngudi cho hge sinh eae inrdng hgc thugc he thong giao dye mam non, phd thdng va ire em ndi ehung. Giio due quyen con
I mm L.T.P. Nga / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Lugt hoc. Tap 29, So 4 (2013) 52-57 ngudi, ket hop vdi giio due dao due, giao due
phip luai vi ky nang sdng la mdt trong nh&ng ndi dung, didu kien die biet quan trgng de tbyc bien duge myc ti6u giao due, hinh thanh phim chat dao diie nhan van, ning lye nhan Ihuc, ky ning thye tianh cua tre em trong cugc sdng.
- Sy can ttiiet ciia giao due quyen con ngudi ngay ttr lira tuoi tre em
Giio due quyen eon ngudi cd y n ^ a ^ bi^t quan trpng trong viec xay dyng f thiic, ldi song tuan thu phip luat, phii hop phim chit dao duenhanvan cho mgi ca nhan trong ddcd tie em.
Giio due quyen eon ngudi cho tre em d nude ta lii?n la van d6 mdi bit dau dugc trien khai.
Dling la cae y kien neu tren xuat phai tu sy ban khoin, nhat la van de hieu qua eua giio due phip luat, giao due quyen eon ngudi eho tre em d nudc ta tiien nay. Tuy ntiien, giao due quyen con ngudi thuc sy can thiet ddi vdi tre em, bdi ban than quyen eon ngudi bao gdm yeu td dao diie, phap lu^t, lgi ich, sy hieu biel vB quySn, bdn phan cua mdi ngudi ddi vdi nhihig ngudi khie. Nhumg pham chat dao diic nhan v3n nay khdng the ty ntiien ma co duge, kbdng phai dgi den khi nao tre em thanh ngudi ldn ma phai giao due ngay tir ktii cic em cdn nhd tudi. Hon niJa, quyen eon ngudi la nhung vin de Clia cugc sdng ihudng ngay, neu cie em biel dugc quyen, t)dn phan eiia minh va su ldn trgng quyen eiia nhiJng ngudi khie tin se la dieu ki^n thiet thue trong viec pbdng ngira nhihig hinh vi lech ehuan xa hgi, binh vi uii dao diic va phip luat ciia eie em.
Dau tu eho giio due phip luat, giao due dao diic, giio due quyen con ngudi cho ire em la sy dau tu lau dai, mang l^i lgi ich cho tre em va xi hgi. Chinh vi vay mi d tat ca cae qudc gia, khdng phu thudc vao trinh do phat trien kinh tl, cdng lac giao due dao diie, phap lual cho tre em duge quan tam d|e bidt. Cac qudc gia khdng nh&ng chi ban hanh h? thdng chinh
s^h, phap luat tiao ve tie em ma cdn dua cong tie giio due, bao ve tre em thanh mgt loai hinh boat dgng ciia nha nude va xa hgi, ihdng qua cie thiet che nhu eie tmng tam cdng tie xa hgi, dien hinh nhu d Lien bang Nga, Thuy dien la nhung quoc gia cd nhieu trung tam cdng tic xa hdi tre em nhat [2].
Giio due ve quyen eon ngudi la thdng diep ehung eua thdi dai: "eon ngudi eing tiieu biet nhieu ve cac quyen ciia ctu'nh rainh ttii cang tdn trpng cic quySn ciia nhihig ngudi khae va nhu vay cang cd eo bpi chung sdng hoa binh.
Chi klii nao ngudi dan dugc giao due \e quyen con ngudi ttii luc dd chung ta mdi ed the hy vgng ngan chin nhimg banh vi vi pham quyen con ngudi ciing nhu ngin ehan xung dot" [3].
Y nghia va lgi ieh ciia viec giao due quyen eon ngudi eho tre em la dieu cd the de dang nhan tbiic dupe. Van de dat ra la can tien hanh giio due quyen con ngudi cho ire em nbu the nao, nen tiit dau tii dau, khic vdi cich tbiic vi ndi dung giao dye quyen con ngudi cho ngudi Idn nhu the nio....
Ket hgrp, long ghep hdn chirang trinh gjao due cbo tre em
Giio dye quyen eon ngudi cho tie em can dupc thue tii?n ket hpp trong giao due phap luit, giio due dao diic, giao due ky ning sdng thi mdi ed the dem lai bieu qua. Can su tieh hpp, long ghep ci bon chuong trinh giio due nay: giao due phip luat, giao due dao diie, giao due quySn con ngudi, quyen tre em, giao due ky nang sdng cho tre em. Nhu vay viia del Idem dugc thdi gian, edng siic, vira trinh su hinh thiic, mang tinh phong trao trong viec td chuc cic chucmg trinh giao due neu tren.
Nhung dieu quan trgng hon la d chd, khdng clu" Ii tilt kiem ma ehinh li Igi ich va hieu qua cua viee ket hpp ea tidn chucmg trinh, npi dung giio dye nay.
L.T.P. Nga / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN. Lugt hgc,Tap29, So 4 (2013) 52-57
Khong phai la mgt sy lap ghep eo hgc, hay sy thilt ke cic bai hgc rieng le rdi gpp vao mgt ehucmg trinh dd so bit cac em phai hoc, cac thiy, ed pbai day. Cach lam ve nguyen tic chung la can ti'ch hgp cic vin de co ban ve phap lu^t, dao diic, quyen eon ngudi va ky nang sdng ngay trong moi chii de eiia cic bai bpc, Clia loan bg chuong trinh giao dye irong nha irudng ho|c cic ehuang trinh giio due d cdng ddng. Ching ban, vdi ehu de giao dye dao diic vl due U'nh trung thue, thucmg yeu, giiip dd nhau trong cupc sdng, nen dua vio d miie dg don gian, de liieu nhung npi dung ve quyen, bon phan va nhumg hanh vi bi cam, sai lech chuan myc d^o diic, vin hda, phap lu^t.
Ddng thdi dua vio ngi dung bai hgc ky nang ung phd vdi nhimg finh hudng thudng xay ra trong thye te.
Giio due quyen eon ngudi cd nhiSm vu cung cap kidn thiic va ky ning, lim eho hgc sinh hieu dupe eic gia tri cdt ldi eiia cac quyen nhu quyen thy hudng giio dye; quyen tre em;
quyen lao dgng; eae quyen kinh tl, xa hdi va van hoa; cic quyen dan su, ddng thdi hieu dupc co chS de bio ve cac quySn dd cung nhu dgt dupe eie ky nang de cd the sii dyng eae quyen nay trong eupe sdng. Tre em can dugc gia dinh, nha trudng va xi hdi giio due 1^
ning sdng, \:$ ning pbdng ve va phan ung trong nhihig tinb budng cd the g§p phai khi quyen eiia eic em hi xam pham hay don gian la thai dg binh tlnh trudc nhihig ldi ndi, hanh vi khdng ddng myc eiia ban be. Hieu qua giio due phap lual doi vdi ire em se dugc nang cao rat nhieu neu ap dung cie biSn phap ttiiet thye nhu giao dye tinh each, ky ning umg xd trong tham gia giao thdng, man thii phap luat ktii tham gia giao thdng la vi ldn trgng quyin, Ipi ich eiia ngudi khic ehii khdng chi vi sg bi bao cao vdi nhi trudng.
Giio due quyin eon ngudi eho ire em thye tS can bat dau tir giio due dao diie, giio due cho eae em diic linh khoan dung, biel ttia ihii vi tinh than cdng ddng. Hien nay, mdn hgc Gii tri sdng da dupc dua vio chuong trinh giang day ngay tir ldp 1. Day la viec lam vo eiing quan trpng, de hinh thinh f thiic phap luat, y thiic dao diic, phai giio due tre em ngay tir ludi tho. v l vin dl nay, chung ta cd the tham khao.
hge lap kinh nghiem cua Nhat ban trong vi?c giio due d^o diic, phip luat eho tre em. Triet ly giao dye dao diic eua Nh^t Ban bao gdm:
tinh than ton trgng nhan phim; kl thira va phit trien van hda truyin thfing; nhiet lam phit tridn mdl dit nudc va xa hgi dan chii; f thiic dao diic; kha nang ty quyet dinh... [4]
Giao due phip lual, dao due, quyen con ngudi nham tao lap cho tre em ngay tir tudi tho su tir tdn, than trgng, long khoan dung, sdng cd traeh nhi?m vdi chi'nh minh, vdi nhumg ngudi than vi nhiing ngudi xung quanh.
Ldng nhan ii, su bao dung, sy quan lira tdi ngudi khac vdi tu cich la gia tri dao diic truyen thdng can dupc ke ibira vi cd vi tri thfch dang trong h | gii tri va chuan myc dao dire mdi. Do vay, trong giio due phip lu^t, giio due quyen eon ngudi cho tre em, khdng chi dimg lai d viec gidi thieu eic quy dinh phip luat vi clii rd eie ehe tii xu \f neu vi ph^m mi quan trpng hpn la n€u f nghta ciia cic quy dinh dd. Ching ban, trong giio due ve luat giao thong dudng bg, luat bao ve raoi trudng, can neu ro eho eae em hieu dupc f nghTa, lgi i'ch cua cac quy dinh do va do vay, vi sao phii tdn trgng vi chap hanh. Tdn trgng phap luit cin dugc hilu nhu tdn trgng cac gii trj cugc sdng cua tian thin minh vi ciia mpi ngudi. D I lam dupc dilu nay, nhat thiet phai thdng qua cae ehucmg trinh Idng gh^p giio due phip luat, giio due dao diic, giao due quyin con ngudi va ky ning sdng eho tre era.
L T.P. Nga / Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Lugt hgc. Tap 29. So 4 (2013) 52-57
Die bi?t. hien nay, e§n benh vd cam dang lan Iran trong mgt bp phan khdng nhd hpc sinh, thanh, Ihieu nien ke ci trong khudn vien nha tnidng cung nhu ngoai xa tigi. De ehua cin benh vd eim nay can phai lam sdng day trong con ngudi nhit la ddi vdi lira tudi cic era nhOng gja tri cua luong tam, finh yeu thuang ban than vi ddng lo?ii. Muc dieh ciia giao due phap luat khong chi dimg l^i d viec trang bi kien thiic phap luat ma mi la sy am hieu f nghta cua phap luat, gia tri dao dire, nhan van eua phip lual. Tbdng qua giao due phip luat, giio due dao diic va ky nang sdng, ire em bill phin biet dupc cai dung, cai sai, dieu hay, le phai, hinh vi hop phip hay khdng hgp phip, hpp d?o dire hay khdng hpp dao diic. Tre em can dugc giio due de bieu eae gii trj dao dure, cae gia trj phip quyen, dan chti, ty do va trich nhiera trong xa hgi.
Thye te tiien nay quyen tre em, quyen con ngudi ciia hgc sinh ehua duge nhan thiic diy du. Trong cupc sdng hang nay edn xay ra nhieu tiien tugng xara pham quyen, Igi icb eiia hpc sinh. Ban than hpe sinh eiing ehua ed hieu biet can ttiiet ve quyen eua minh va cich thurc bao v?. Do vay, viee ket hgp giao due quyen con ngudi trong giao due phap luat, giao dye dao diie vi kp nang sdng ed y nghia xa hgi to tdn, vira tranh duge sy khd eung, ning ve ly luan, viia lam tang ti'nh hap dan, y ngbia thiet thye ddi vdi cudc sdng cua cic em trong dieu kien xa hdi hien dai.
Chiie ning quan trpng ciia giio due quyen con ngudi la trang bi nhiing kien ihiie eo tian, xay dyng y ibiic tdn trgng, bao ve va nhiing k\
nang su dung quyen con ngudi ciia ban than mdi ngudi va ciia nhihig ngudi ktiac. Rit nhieu em gay ra hanh vi trii phap luat nhung khdng tiiet la hinh vi do bi phap luat cim. Ntiilu era do hoan canh gia dinh, do bj ban tie xiu ttiara clu ea nhihig ngucri ldn luoi ni re nen da din da sa vao con dudng tpi ldi. Cd nhieu trudng tigp, mgt tdp
cac em nu hpc sinh edn dung ra cd vii, "ddng vien" cae bsm cCing nhdm vdi minh xdc ptiam danh dy va dinh dap mgt b^tn nir khie. Nhihig tiien tupng d dang thurc nay lil ding budn la cd ctiieu hirdng gia ting. Thdi quen IMO lye lam xdi mdn Idng ty trgng, diic tinh khoan dung, ddi ktii nguoi ta Widng ntian ra cliuih sy sai trii, ttiieu van hda oia ehinh minh.
Giao due, ciing cd niem tin la dieu can ttiilt trong viee tao lap vin hda quyin eon ngudi ngay tir liia tudi tre em. Tre em rat cin niera tin trong cudc sdng. Chfnh vi viy, nhihig tac dgng tieu cyc tir phi'a gia dinh, ban be, cgng ddng ed inh hudng xau den nidm tin ciia eae em, li eieh di tit den con dudng vi pham phap luat, vi pham dao dire. Van de quan trgng la pbai lara eho eae em hieu dupc y nghTa xa hdi, gii tri xa hgi eua cic quy dinh phap luit, cua nhirng hanh vi hgp phip va tuan thii nd mgt each tu nguyen, chii khdng ehi vi sp ehl lai phap luat. Vi nhu ty giic dgi mii bao hiem khi tham giao tbdng kbdng pbai chi vi sg eanh sit, so bj pbai ma la trudc het \h vi lgi fch ciia chinh ban than minh.
Tinb trang vi pham phip luit, vi ptiam dao diic cua tre em dang ed ctiieu hudng gia ting ea ve sd lupng, tfnh chai vi hau qua. Hien tugng tre em ly tap thanh bing nhdm, td chiic sii dyng ma tdy tdng hpp, dinh nhau, trpm cap, eudp giit, vi pham lu|t giao thdng, dua xe trai phep, vd le vdi thay, ed giio vi ngudi than trong gia dinh, ldi sdng dua ddi, vi ky. budng ttli th|m ehi giet ngudi ke ea ban be eung ldp vi ngudi Ihin trong gia dinh xay ra den miie bio ddng. Mdt Uong nhihig nguyen nhan chinh do la sy budng long, sy yeu kem trong giio due, quan 1^ giiia gia dinh, nha trudng va egng ddng, xa hpi.
Cdng tac giio dye pbip luat, giio due dao diic va nhat li giio due ky nang sdng cdn nliiiu ban chd. Cic bai hgc vd giao due dao diic trong cac nha trudng edn nang vd ly
LTP. Nga / Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN, Lugt hgcTiip 29. So 4 (2013) 52-57
thuyet. It gin vdi tbyc tien ddi sdng va thudng la theo Idi ddc thoai, hge sinh phai hgc thugc ldng mdt cich gd bd, tir dd tao tam 1^ khdng hiing thii, ft thay f nghia thidt tbyc. Qua khao sat thuc td Clia Vien nghien eiiu Mdi trudng vi cie van de xa hdi, d mdt sd trudng hpe, ed den gin 80% bgc sinh, sinh vien ehua dupc giio due ky ning sdng, hau bet eic em liing tung trong viec tra ldi ve xur Iy cae linh hudng thudng gip trong cupc sdng. Dieu niy rat de dan den nhiing each xu su sai leeh va xu hudng lieu cye, tham chf diing bgo Iye dd giii toa. Viia hgc xong, rdi khdi irudng Idp, nhieu hge sinh da ed nhumg hanh vi vi phgm phap lual, vi " trd tieu thay khdng it trong so nhihig em dd hpc tdt dat diem cao vd mdn giio due cdng dan" [5].
Sd chi ia ly Iu|n thuan tiiy, tach rdi cugc song ndu kbdng dya tren nhiJmg tinh hudng pbip lugt, tinh huong dao diic cu thd trong cugc sdng ciia trd em. Ket hgp giio due gia dinh, nha trudng, egng ddng ddi vdi trd em can dupe duy tri tbudng xuyen. Cha me phii la tim guong sang trong eie hinh vi, each xii su ldi song hang ngay eho tre em. Pbai ed thai dp thidn cam va hudng thien vdi nhihig tre em pham tpi, ed hanh vi lech chuan xa hpi, dirng quay lung lgi vdi hp.
Giio due phip lugt khdng chi nhim mye dieh phdng ngua vi pham' phip lugt ma cdn thdc day sy hinh thanh d tre em i? thurc, hanh vi dgo diic, cae dinh hudng, nguyen tic song tren CQ sd tdn trpng cac gia trj sdng. eae quyen, tu do Clia ban than va ciia lit ca nhiing ngudi khac. Tre em y thiic duge eie quydn va nghia vu eiia minh vdi tu each la thanh vidn gia dinh thong qua cae khii nidm don gian vd nhiing dieu can lim, didu nen lim, didu bi eim. Tic dyng, hidu qui ciia giao due se cao hon so vdi vi?c chi eung cip kidn thiic vd cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat va cac ehe tai xu phat. Khdng ft ngudi trong do tudi chua thanh nidn ludn ed
hanh vi lech ehuin mue dgo diic, van hda, eoi thudng gia iri nhan ban. Trong edng tie giio due phip lual, giao due dao diic cbo tre em ean eoi trgng vide giai thieh dd cac em hidu duge eae gia trj cdt ldi vl quydn eon ngudi, y nghTa eua vide tdn trpng quyin con ngudi; f ihiic dupe gia tri ciia ban than minh, ldn trpng quyen, Igi i'ch ciia nhiing ngudi khic, y thiic vd cdng bing, ty do vi bdn phgn.
Vd ky ning sdng, ky nang thue hanh cie quyen eon ngudi do ehi'nh la viec giio dye, hudng dan eho cae em biet dua ra nhihig quydt dinh hgp ly, phu hgp vdi yeu cau dgo diic theo nguydn tic quydn con ngudi; ren luydn ky nang phdng trinh va giai quydt nhihig tinh hudng ed su vi pham quyen eon ngudi trong eupe sdng bing ngiy. Y thurc dgo diie se thiie day hd trp cho viec nhgn thiic sau sic cae quy djnh phap luat, giiip tre em nh|n thiic duoc dieu hay, le phii, didu ed fch eho chfnh minh va nhiing ngudi xung quanh.
Gin day du luan xa hgi da Idn tidng vi sy dua thdng tin bgo lye, giat gin, tuy lien, ttiieu chfnh xac, gay sde tren bao chi, cic trang rngng xa hdi, vd nhiing hanh vi bgo luc gia man trong Ilia tudi thanh, thidu nidn. Nhihig thdng tin kidu nay se rat nguy hai vi no sd Iim cho tre
"ehet" eiing vd mil cim xiic va coi vide dam, chem d ngoai xa hdi la mpt didu gi dd rat binh thudng. Vi vgy, mdi ktii roi vgo hoin eanh hi kfch dgng hoic gip chuydn mau thuin, cac em cung se bat ehude kieu ndi ehuydn vdi nhau bing...dao, kidm. bao lye [6].
Hidu bidt vd quyen, bon phgn eiia minh se gidp Ue em thye hidn nhihig hanh vi cd fch cho xa hpi, phdng ngira cic hinb vi vi pham phap luat. Chii tjcb Hd Ctu Minh da vilt:" Hidn, dii dau phai la li'nh san. Phan nhieu do giio due ma nen" [7]. Giio due cho con ngudi sdng ed dao dure cung la giao due eho eon ngudi bilt tdn trgng phap luat, ton trpng quyen, ty do eiia ngudi khic vi f thiic trich nhiem cua bin than ddi vdi cdng ddng, xa hgi.
L. T.P Nga / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN. Luat hgc. TSp 29. So 4 (2013) 52-57
Tai Udu tham khao
[1] Nghi quylt 29-NQ/TW ngay 4/11/2013 cua Ban chap hanh Trung uong Ding ve doi mdi cin ban v^ toan di|n giio dye vi dio tao.
hHp://vanban.moel.gov.vn/?page=1.15&scripl=vie wdoc&view=20368&opt=brpage
[2] Nguyen Hai Hun, Kinh nghi?m ciia mgt s6 nudc ve h? thdng bjwj v? tre em, hllp://ueem.molisa.gov.vn/SIte/vi-
VN/13/367/17649/Defaull.aspx
[3] Tli6ng di^p cua Tong thu ky Lien hgp qu6c Koffi Annan nhan ngay Quyen con ngudi, 10/12/2000, Thong eio bio chi LHQ, ngay 10/2/2000
[4] Giao dye dao dire cho hgc sinh a Nhat ban, hnp://www .dayhocintel.net/diendan/showthread.
php?t=9510
[5] Pho bien, giio due phip luit Ux)ng nha trudng:
Bao gid thoit khoi khien cudng?
http://moj.gov. \n/cl/tinnie/lists/nghin'J20cu%20l rao'Xi20i/view_detail.aspx?llemID=2708
[6] Trinh Duy Luin.
http://www.ioquoc.gov.vn/rhongun/TTioi- Su/Tre-Vi-Thanh-Nien-Pham-Toi-Tang-Vi- Sao.htmi
(7] H6 Chi Minh, Toan tgp, T3, Nxb Chinh Ui quoc gia. Ha Noi, 1995, u 383.
Human Rights Education for Children in The Context of Basic and Comprehensive Renovation of Education
and Training in Vietnam Today
Le Thi Phirang Nga
VNU School of Law, 144 Xudn Thiiy, Cau Gidy. Hanoi. Viemam
Abstract: The author's article analyses the role of human rights education for children in VielNam in the context of a profound and comprehensive education renovation. The author suggests a combination of four educational programs including: Human rights education, moral education, legal education and education of living skills.
The practice of the mentioned combination is necessary, especially in school curriculum and society. The author believes Itiis method creates attraction and persuasiveness for students. As a result, the whole society could obtain numerous tienefils such as saving lime and dealing with financial difficulties.The aim of human rights education is providing children wilh the general knowledge atiout their rights and obligations, the respect and protection of other people's rights, moral qualities and living skills.
Keywords: Human rights education; moral education; legal education; education of living skills:
educational amendment.
