Kinh te& Chinh sach
>^ GIAO KHOAN RlTNG VA D A T LAM NGHEEP TAI TINH BINH PHlTdC
THtrC TRANG VA G L ^ P H A PTriin Thi Thu Hd' T 6 M TAT
Giao kho^ rimg vh dk lam nghiip \k mot chfnh sach ddng din nhSm muc tiau phat triin ISm nghiep vi. g6p ph^
xoi d6i giSm ngheo da dugc thuc hi§n d Vi|t Nara g ^ 20 nSm qua. Tuy nhifin hign nay nhi^u v4n de niy sinh tCr thi^c te trong qud trinh thi^c hi^n giao khoan rimg vk dat lam nghiep, doi hoi phai c6 nhttng sia dfii, dieu chinh, bd sung cho phfi hop vdi die thu sin xuSt l§m nghiep ciia ttmg viing trong thM ky mdi. NghiSn cihi ohy th\rc hi§n t^i tbih Bhih Phucfc vfii myc tieu tim hilu thyc trang gjao khoin rtoig vd dit lam nghidp, trfin ca scr dfi phSt hifin nbOng hh. cap giiia chinh s^h vk thuc tiln dfi dua ra cdc dl xudt nhSm sua dfii, bfi sung vd dilu chinh chinh sich giao khoin rung va dSt lim nghifip cho phii hgp. Kfit qui nghifin cuu da buo^ diu ggi mfi ra nhung v ^ dfi can tilp tyc nghifin ciiu vi quan tSm giai quyfit nham hoan thifin chfnh sich giao, cho thufi dat lam nghifip va khoin rfing trfin ph$m vi vfing miln Dfing Nam Bd ndi rieng vi ci nudc nfii chung. Dilm miu ch6t ciia nhung sura ddi, bo sung vi hoin thi^n dugc nfiu ra li chinh sich giao, cho thufi d4t lim nghiep vi khoin rfing phai dugc xiy d^g trfin ca sd tinh hinh cu thfi cfia ciiatttng dia phuong vi vfing. Dac bifit din chii trgng din tinh chit \h d^ic dilm cfia tfing lo^i d^ vi rung dfi cd qi^ hoach sii d\ing hgp Ijr d6ng thdi cd chlnh sich vi phuang in quin 1^ thfch hgp.
Tfi- khoi: Binb Phudc, Bdng Nam Bp, giao ddt lam nghifp, giao khodn rdng vd ddt ldm nghifp.
I. DAT VAN DE
Ngay 04 thdng 01 ndm 1995, Chinh phil dd ban hdnh Nghi dinh sd 01/CP ve viec giao khodn ddt sii dung vdo muc dich sdn xuat ndng nghiep, ldm nghiep, nudi trdng thuy san trong cdc doanh nghiep Nha nudc. Ndi dung cua nghi dinh Id dua ra cdc quy dinh vd thuc hidn giao khodn dat trong cac doanh nghiep Nhd nudc bao gom ndng truong qudc doanh, lam truong qudc doanh, cdng ty, xi nghiep, trung tdm, tram, trai true tiep san xudt ndng nghidp, ldm nghidp vd nudi trdng thuy sdn. Trong ldm nghidp ddy la mot chinh sdch Idfn nhdm muc tieu dn dinh ddi sdng cho d^i ngii lao ddng trong cdc ldm truong qudc doanh va nguoi ddn sdng trdn dia ban gdn rung dd tidp tuc phdt trien saii xudt ldm nghidp trong thdi ky kinh td thi trucmg. Tuy nhien, sau gdn 20 nam tridn khai thuc hien, chinh sdch giao khodn rimg va dat lam nghiep truac ddy da khdng cdn phu hpp. Nhieu vdn de nay sinfa tu thuc td trong qua -trinfa thvrc hien giao khodn rimg va dit ldm nghi?p doi hdi phdi cd nhung sua ddi, didu chinh, bo sung cho phii hgp vdi ddc tfaii san xudt lam nghi?p cua timg vimg trong thai ky moi.
'TS. Tnrfirng Bai hQc LSm nghidp
Binh Phuoc la tinh mien nui nam d phia Tdy viing Ddng Nam Bp, ddng vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi viec bdo v? an ninh qudc gia, phdt trien kinh te vd bdo vd mdi trudng cda todn vimg cung nhu viing kinh te trpng diem phia Nam. Viec thuc hidn chinfa sdch giao khodn rung va ddt Idm nghiep d Binfa Phudc noi rieng vd vung Ddng Nam Bp ndi chung cd nfaiing diem khac biet so vdi cac vimg khdc do tinh ch^t cgnh tranh trong sii dyng cua cdy cao su, mpt loai cay cd gia trj kinh t^ r^t cao so vdi cdy ldm nghiep. Muc tieu cua nghien ciiu Id tren co sd tim hidu thuc trang giao kfaodn rung vd ddt lam nghiep theo Nghi dinh 01/CP va Nghi dinh 135/2005/ND-CP tren dia ban tmh Binh Pfau6c, phdt hidn nhimg bat clip giiia chinh sdch vd thuc tien tir do dua ra cdc de xudt nhdm sua ddi, bo sung vd dieu chinh chinh sdch giao khodn rimg vd ddt ldm ngfai$p cfao phu hop. Ket qud cua nghidn cuu se dong gop vdo viec hoach dinh vd sua ddi chinh sdch giao, cho thue ddt lam nghi?p vd khodn rimg 6 nuoc ta trong thdi gian tdi.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHIf LAM NGHIEP S 6 1 - 2013
Kinh te& Chinh sach
aVijJIi^VAIBUCS^JPHAPNGHIENCUU Nghien cuu th\ic hien tren doi tuong rimg vd ddt lam nghiep giao khodn theo Ngfai dinh 01/CP va Nghi djnfa 135/2005/ND-CP ciia Chinh phu vd cac quyet dinh cd lien quan cua Uy ban nhdn ddn (UBND) tinh vd giao khodn rimg va ddt lam nghiep tren ^ a ban tinh Binfa Phudc. Npi dung nghien cuu bao gdm: (1) kdt qud tfauc hien giao khodn rimg vd ddt lam ngfaiep tinh den thoi didm hdt nam 2011; (2) nhimg bat cap giGa chinh sach va thuc tiln th\rc hien giao khodn rimg vd dat ldm ngfaiep;
(3) cdc de xudt sua ddi, bd sung vd didu chinfa chinfa sdcfa giao, cho thud, khoan rijcng vd ddt lam nghiep.
Nghien ciiu dugrc thuc hien trong dpt dieu tra khdo sdt thuc dia duoc tien hdnfa trong tfaoi gian 02 tudn, vdo thang 8 nam 2012 tai cac huy?n Ddng Pfaii, Bii Ddng vd Bu Gia Map cua tinh Binh Phudc. Cdc phucmg phdp thu thdp so lieu: (1) thu thdp tai Ueu thti cdp bao gdm cac bao cdo ciia cac so, ban, nganh chtic nang ciia tinh Binfa Phudfc; (2) phong vdn bdn djnh hudrng cdc cdn bd thupc sd vd pfadng Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien ndng thdn 6 cdp tinfa va cap huyen, cdn bO cdc ban qudn Iy rung vd ngudi dan dja phuong co nhdn kfaodn; (3) thao ludn nhdm trong tdm vdi cdc nfadm fad nfadn kfaodn bdo ve rirng. Ndi dung phdng van va thdo luan dua tren danfa muc cac van de can tim hieu tfaeo ndi dung ngfaidn ciiu.
ffl. Kl&r QUA NGHIEN CtTU VA THAO LUAN 1. Ket qua giao kfaoan rirng vd ddt Iam nghiep tren dia ban tinh Binh Phirdc
Trucrc het cdn phan bi?t hai qua trinfa giao dat ldm nghi?p va giao kfaodn rung va ddt ldm nghidp. Giao ddt ldm nghidp Id qud trinh dupc
thuc faien theo Nghj djnh 02/CP ciia Chinh phii ngdy 15 thdng 01 nam 1994 ve viec giao ddt lam nghi?p cho td chuc, hp gja dinh, ca nhdn sti dung on dinfa, lau ddi vao muc dich lam nghi?p, trong do cac ddi tupng dupc gjao ddt (chil rung) vd dupc cdp giay chiing nhdn quyen sti dm^ (GCNQSD) ddt Giao khodn riing va ddt Idm i^faiep la qua trinfa cdc chii rung tfauc faidn giao kfaodn theo Nghj dinh 01/CP ctia Chinh phu ngdy 04 thdng 01 ndm 1995 cho cac hp gia dinh va cd nhdn thuc hien viec tidng, chdm sdc, bdo ve rimg tren dien ticfa rung vd ddt Idm ngfaiep dupc nhd nudrc giao cfao cdc cfaii rimg. Ngdy 8 tfadng II nam 2005, Chinh phti ban hdnh Nghj djnfa sd 135/2005/ND-CP ve viec giao kfaodn ddt ndng ngfaiep, rimg sdn xuat va m§t nudc nudi trdng thuy sdn trong cdc ndng truong, ldm tnidng qudc doanh nhdm thay thd Nghi djnh 01/CP. Cd tfad coi giao ddt ldm nghiep Id tien de cho giao kfaoan rimg va ddt lam nghiep.
Theo ngudn s6 lieu tii So Tdi nguyen va Mdi truong tinh Binh Phudc (2010), todn bp dien ticfa ddt ldm nghiep cua Binh Phuoc da ducrc giao va cdp gidy chiing nfadn quyen su dung (GCNQSD) cho cac chu rimg (So Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng tfadn tinh Binh Phuoc, 2012). Kdt qud giao ddt ldm nghiep ciia tinh Binh Phudc cho thdy cdc ddi tupng dupc giao rung chii yeu van la cdc BQL rung d^c dung, riing phdng hp, rung kinh te vd cdc cdng ty cao su. Cdc doi tupng khdc gdm doanh nghiep tu nhdn, hd gia dfinh va hpp tdc xd cfai dupc giao voi ty trpng rat nfad tren tdng di?n tich ddt ldm nghiep (Bang 01).
Nhu v$y, viec giao khodn rCtng va ddt lam ngfaiep ctia Binh Phudc se do cdc cfaii rimg dupc giao va cap GCNQSD ddt Idm nghiep Id
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP S 6 1 - 2013 89
Kinh ti'& Chinh sach BQL rimg ddc dung, rimg phong fad, rung kinh
td va cac cdng ty cao su thuc faien ddi vdi cac hd gia dmh vd cd nhdn a dja phuong. Mdt trong nhthig dac thii ciia Bmh Phuoc la sau thuc hien rd sodt va ddi mdi lam trucmg qudc doanfa la tren dia bdn tinh khdng cdn loai hinh sdn xuat kinh doanfa ndy, tfaay vdo do la cac
BQL rung kinh td. Phdn ldm dien tich rung sdn xudt da dupc giao cfao cdc BQL rimg kinfa td va cdc cdng ty cao su. Mdt phdn dupc tra ve cho dja phuong dd giao cho hd gia dinh vd phan cdn lai dupc giao cho cdc BQL riing ddc dung va riing phong hp.
Bang 01. Kit qud giao Mt Idm nghiep cho cdc chu rimg tinh Binh Phudc Chu rimg
BQL rung d ^ dung
BQL rimg phong ho va rimg kinh te Cong ty cao su
Doanh nghiep tu nhan Hop tac xS Ho gia dmh TONG
Dien tich Suqrc giao va cap GCNQSD (ha)
3L282 74.564 69.305 3.392
445 158 181.543
Ty tr9ng
(%)
17,46 41,62 38,69 1,89 0,25 0,09 100 (Ngudn: Sd Tdi nguyen vd Moi
Binh Phudc la mdt trong nhimg tmh di ddu trong thuc hi$n giao khodn dat Idm nghiep tir khi cdn chua tdch tir tmh Sdng Bd. Trudc kfai cd Nghj djnh 01/CP ciia Chinh phu, UBND tinfa Sdng Be dd cd Quyk dinh s6 4539/QDUB tfauc hien khodn ddt lam nghi$p cho 01 td chtic vd 28 hO gia dinh vdi dien tich gdn 664 ha.
Binh Phudc cung la tinfa cd cdc quyet djnh dp dung thuc hien ngay sau khi cd cac Nghi djnh ctia chinh phii (01/CP vd 135/2005/ND-CP) vd giao khodn rilng vd ddt lam nghiep.
Theo bdo cdo cua So Ndng nghiep va Phat tridn Ndng thon Bmh Phudrc (2012) ttr nam 1994 d^n het ndm 2011, cdc dcm vj chu rimg da tidn hdnh giao khodn 24.657,72 ha ddt ldm ngfaiep va rimg sdn xudt cho 4.428 hp gia dmh va 53 td chtic vdi 02 hinh thiic khodn dn dinfa Idu ddi vd khoan theo cdng doan. Tinh tai thdi
tru&ng tinh Binh Phudc, 20W)
diem cudi nam 2011, tdng dien ticfa rimg vd dat lam nghiep giao khodn Id 36.153,33 ha, trong do giao khodn quan ly bdo ve rimg la 26.194,7 ha, giao khodn dat Idm nghiep la 9.958,63 ha.
Nhu vay didn tich giao khodn chi chidm 20,18
% tren tdng dien ticfa do cdc don vj chii rimg nfau cac BQL rung va cdc cdng ty cao su hien dang qudn ly. Nguydn nhan Id do cdc don vi chu rimg (nhdt la cac BQL rimg kinh td, rtmg phdng hd) khdng mudn thuc hidn giao khodn cho hd gia dinh vd cd nhdn do lo ngai tinh trang phd riing de trdng cao su. Tuy nhien cdc don vj chti rimg ndy kfadng tfad khdng chd dupc tinh trang lan chiem ddt lam nghiep dd trdng cao su ciia ngudi dan. Tinfa trang ngudi ddn dja phuong xdm canh vd bao chidm ddt ldm nghidp da dupc giao cho cdc don vi chu riing dien ra khd phd bidn d Bmh Phuoc.
90 T ^ CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH$ LAM NGHIEP S 6 1 - 2013
Kinh te& Chinh sach
Bang OZ Phan logi theo cff si phap ly cia giao khoin rung va tat lam nghiip tinh Binh Phir&c tai thM tdm nam 2011
Cff s& p h a p ly cua giao khoan rimg v^ dat lam nghiep
Giao khoan theo QuySt dinh 4539/QDUB cila UBND tinh S6ng Be Giao khoan theo Nghj dinh s6 01/CP cua Chinh phu va Quygt dinh 1119/QD- UB cua UBND tinh Binh Phudc Giao khoan theo Nghi dinh 135/2005/ND-CP cua Chinh p h i va Quy6t dinh s6 21/QB-UB cua UBND tinh Binh Phuoc
Giao khoan cho cac doi tugng khdng nam trong pham vi dieu chinh cua Nghi dinh 135/2005/NB-CP va QuySt dinh s5 2i/QD-UB.
TONG
D6i tirong n h a n khoan T6 chffc
So lirffng 01
28
15
44
Dien tich(ha) 109,32
26.271,72
2.284,52
28.556,24
Ho gia dinh Sh lu-ffng
28
935
574
02
1.539
Di^n tich (ha) 554,62
4.439,94
2.519,33
83,52
7.597,09 (Ngudn: SdNong nghiep vd Phdt trien Ndng thdn Binh Phudc, 2012) Nh loai cay trdng tren dat Iam nghiep, hien
tgi trdn dia ban Binh Phuoc, hdu het dien tich rimg san xudt deu trong cao su, cd biet cd nhiing BQL rimg phdng fad nfaung toan bd di$n tich rimg trdng Id cdy cao su. Thuc te nay da xudt hien 6 Binh Phudc tir trudc nhung chuyen ddi rdt nhanh sau khi Bd Ndng ngiiiep va Phdt hidn Ndng thdn ra Cdng vdn sd 209/BNN-LN ve v i ^ chuyen dien tich ddt cd rung sang trdng cao su vd Quyet djnh sd 2855/QD-BNN- KHCN vd viec cdng bd cdy cao su la cay da myc dich. Ngay sau khi cd cac Quydt dinh neu tren, tinh Binh Phuoc da cd Quydt dinh sd 1231/QD-UBND ngdy 12 thdng 05 nam 2009 ctia UBND tinh Binh Phuoc phe duyet phuong dn CJuy hoach trdng cay cao su vd cdy nguyen heu tren ddt Idm nghidp giai doan 2008-2012 ctia tinh Binh Phudrc vd Quyet djnh sd
1879/QD-UBND ctia UBND tmh Binh Phudc ngdy 11 thdng 08 nam 2010 ve vide quy faoach bd sung didn tich trdng cao su va cdy nguydn faeu tren ddt ldm nghi?p giai doan 2008-2020 ctia tinh Binh Phudc (Sd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt
trien Ndng Thdn thih Bmh Phudc, 2011).
Viec thvtc hidn chinh sdch giao khodn rimg vd ddt ldm nghi?p 6 Binh Phuoc trong thdi gian qua da dat dupc mpt sd ket qud ddng khicfa le. HSu hdt hd so giao khodn deu cd ddy du cdc gidy td cdn thiet nhu don xin nhan khodn, hpp ddng, bdn dd giao khodn, so dd giao khodn, bien nhdn giao ddt ngodi thuc dja.
Nhin chung cac hpp ddng khoan da thuc hi$n dting dien tich, ddi tupng, han miic giao khodn tfaeo cac quy djnh tgi thdi diem giao khodn.
Chinh sdch nay ciing da huy ddng dupc ngudn vdn, lao ddng cua ben nhdn khodn, nang cao hieu" qua sdn xuat kinh doanh, tao ngudn nguyen lidu dn dinh cho nganh cdng ngfai?p ch^ bien ndng, Idm san pfadt trien. Dac biet viec thuc hien cfainh sdch da gdp phdn nang cao chi sd ndng luc canh tranfa cdp tinh (PCI) vd khd nang tidp can va 6n djnh trong su dung ddt, dam bdo cho cdc td chtic, hd gia dinh nhdn khoan dn dinh tdm Iy, ydn tam ddu tu phdt trien sdn xudt. Giao khodn rimg vd ddt Idm nghiep 6 T ^ CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG N G H £ LAM NGHIlglP S6 1 - 2013 91
Kinh te& Chinh sach Binh Phudc da gdp phdn su dung faieu qua
tidm nang vd ddt dai, tao vide lam, tang thu nhdp cho ngucri lao ddng, gdp phdn xod ddi gidm ngheo vd dn djnh trgt tu an toan xa hdi.
2. Nhimg bat cdp trong tfayc hien chinh sacfa giao khoan rirng v^ dat lam ngfaiep
Bdn cgnh nhihig tdc dpng tich cue cua giao khoan ddt ldm nghiep, trong nhimg ndm gdn day tren dja ban tmh xudt hien nhidu vu khieu kien lien quan den cdng tdc giao khoan ddt ndng lam nghidp, trong dd cd nhieu vu khieu ki?n tgp thd kdo ddi, gay dnh faudmg den tinh hinh chinh tri, trdt t\r, an todn xa hpi (Ban chi dgo bdo ve riing tmh Bmh Phudc, 2012).
Nhidu bdt cdp nay sinh tren thuc te ddc biet la ddi vdi ddi tupng giao khodn trdng rimg tren dAt rtoig phong hd va vd riing san xudt. Nghien ctiu sd di sdu phdn tich nhihig tdn tai vd bdt cdp sau day khi thuc hien chinfa sdch giao khoan riing vd dit ldm nghifp d Bmh Phudc:
- Da s6 cdc trudng hpp giao khodn ddt ldm nghiep Id hd so hpp thiic hod dien tich dat xdm canh ciia cdc hO gia dinh chti khdng phdi thuc s\i Id giao kfaodn theo phuong dn (Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn tinh Binfa Phudc, 2012). Trdn dien tich ddt ndy ngudi ddn da trdng cdc loai cay cong nghiep cd gid tri cao nhu cao su, dieu. Chinfa vi vdy vide chuydn sang trdng rimg tren didn tich nay theo quy hoach la gdn nhu khdng thd thuc hien dupc.
- Cdc hpp ddng giao khodn ddt ldm nghidp chii ydu trdng cdy da muc dich (cao su, didu, cay an qud), khdng cd hpp ddng khodn trdng cdy Idm nghidp. Dieu ndy dnh hudng ddn chtic ndng phdng hp ciia rimg khi md phdn lon didn tich dat riing san xudt va mdt phdn dien tich rimg phdng hp ciia Binh Phuoc ddu trdng cao su hoge dieu. Hien tai cd hai ludng y kidn tir phia Idnh dgo nganh ldm nghiep cua tinh: (1)
mpt khi cdy cao su da dupc coi Id cay da muc dich thi khi ducrc trdng tren ddt ldm nghiep pfadi dupc coi la cdy Idm nghidp va dien tich ndy phdi dupc tinh trong dp ehe phu ciia rimg.
Dieu ndy sS ldm ndng cao gid tri va vj thd cua ngdnh ldm nghiep, ddng thdi gitip giai quydt stic ep mdt rimg; (2) khdng tfae coi cay cao su Id cdy rimg vi chiic ndng phong hd cua cao su rdt kem. N^u cho phep cdy cao su dupc trdng trdn dat lam nghidp thi Binh Pfauoc ndi rieng vd vimg Ddng Nam Bo ndi cfaung se mdt het rimg do chuyen sang trdng cao su. Cdn ndu mudn trong cao su tren ddt ldm nghiep thi phdi chuyen dien tich nay sang dien ticfa dat ndng nghifp.
- Da sd cdc tnrdng hpp giao khodn trdng riing la khodn trang va khdng the gidi quyet khi xdy ra vi pham hpp ddng (Sd Ndng nghidp vd Phdt tridn Ndng thdn tinh Binh Phudc, 2012).
Cac ben nhgn khodn tii bd vdn dd trdng, cham sdc, bao vf va hudng lpi trong khi chu rimg thirc su la cdc don vi giao khoan lai khdng dupc hudmg Ipi ich gi. Dieu ndy dan den thyrc trgng la chii rimg thuc ra chi tdn tgi trdn danh nghia. Mdt sd dcm vi chu riing liing tiing trong cdng tdc xii Iy khi xdy ra vi pham hop ddng, khdng kip thdi thanh ly fapp ddng, khdng phat huy dupc vai trd cua don vi chii rimg trong cdng tdc quan I^, phdt tridn rimg. Mdt sd don vi chti rimg khdng tridn khai Ic^ lai hpp ddng hodc phu lyc hpp dong vdi cdc hpp ddng giao khodn da k^t thtic mdt chu k^'. Nguyen nhdn chinh van Id do hpp ddng giao khoan khdng cd tinh phdp ly ch^t ehe, chii rimg trdu thuc te khdng cd du quydn luc vd co sd phap ly dd xii ly vi pham.
- Thi trudng chuydn nhupng hpp ddng giao khodn dat lam nghiep didn bidn rdt phtic tap, vupt ra ngodi khd ndng kiem sodt cua cac don vi giao khoan. Nfaieu td chtic, hp gia dinh tu y 92 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP S6 1 - 2013
Kinh teS Chinh sach
chuydn nhupng thdnh qua lao ddng va hpp ddng khodn nhimg dom vi gjao khoan kfadng nam bat dupc, tfadm cfai chuyen nhupng tdi 2,3 lan md don vi giao kfaoan kfadng hd hay biet
- Chi trd tien cdi^ qudn 1]? bdo vd riing dac dung qua tiidp (Chi cue kidm lam tinfa Bmh Pfauoc, 2011). Sd tien chi tra cho cdc nfadm hd hidn dang dp dung 6 mtic 200.000 ddng/faa/nam la qud thdp dan ddn kfad khdn cho ngudi ddn nhdn qudn ly bdo ve rimg, trong khi cac quy dinh ve faudng Ipi tfaeo Quydt dinh 178/2001/QD-TTg cua Thii tudng Chinh phu vd quyen hudmg lgi, nghia vu ctia hd gia ^nh, cd nfadn dupc tfaue, nfadn kfaoan rimg vd ddt Idm nghifp tren thyc te la khdng thd thuc hifn dupc (Tnidng Dai hpc Lam nghifp, 2006).
3. Cdc de xuat nhdm sira dot, bo sung va diln chinh chinh sach giao, cho thue d^t lam nghiep va khoan rung <
Kdt qud nghien ctiu vd ket qud va thuc trang cdng tdc giao kfaodn rimg vd ddt Idm nghidp tren dja bdn tinfa Binfa Phudc da budc ddu gpi md ra nhimg van de cdn tiep tuc nghien ctiu va quan tdm gidi quydt nfadm faodn tliidn chinfa sach giao, cho thud ddt lam nghiep vd khodn rimg tren pham vi cd nudc ndi chung va vung mien Ddng Nam Bp ndi ridng:
Mot Id, nen xem xet lgi sir can thiet cua chinh sdch giao khoan ddt rimg sdu xuat. Tren thuc td khodn rimg la mdt hinh thiic td chtic sdn xudt ctia cdc chti rimg dp dung trong didu kifn ngudn nhdn luc hien cd khdng thd dam nhifm dupc nhiem vu sdn xudt. Vi vdy cdn coi hpp ddng khodn ddt riing sdn xudt Id mdt fapp ddng kinh td md bdn giao khodn vd ben nhdn khoan pfaai cd trdcfa nfaiem va nghia vii nhu nhau trong viec thuc hien hpp ddng. Vifc to chiic sdn xuat trdn dien tich rung sdn xudt da dupc nhd nudc giao Id trdch nhiem ciia chii
riing vd viec chti rimg lua cfapn fainh thiic to chtic sdn xudt ndo, vdi ddi tupng ndo phai do chu rimg quydt djnh trdn co sd thod thudn va ciing cd Ipi. Vd ten gpi ndn sti dung thudt ngu
"Hpp ddng trdng riing" hodc "Hpp ddng su dung dit idm nghifp".
Hai la, khdng djnh su can thiet cua chinfa sdcfa giao khodn qudn ly bao vf riing rimg dac dung vd phong hd rdt xung ydu vdi quan didm la nhat thiet phdi do nha nudc quan ly vd dau tu thich ddng. Chinfa sdch giao kfaodn qudn ly bdo ve rimg dac dung va phdng hd rdt xung ydu phai dgt muc tidu bdo vd dupc rimg va ndng cao ddi sdng cua ngudi nhdn kfaodn. De lam dupc dieu nay mdt sd vdn de cdn chii y:
(1) vai trd ctia cdng ddng tham gja vao quan ly, bdo vd rimg; (2) xdy dung quy bdo ve vd phdt trien rimg dd cd ngudn thu cho cac hoat ddng bdo vf rimg thdng qua viec md rdng cdc ddi tupng ddng gdp bdt budc; (3) tim kidm cdc ddm bdo tai chinh khac cho cdng tdc bdo vd rimg dac dung nhu chi tra dich vu mdi truomg rung, phat trien thi trudng cacbon.
Ba la, cac chinh sdch giao khodn rimg pfadng hd (xuD^ ydu vd it xung yeu) cdn ddm bao hai hod Ipi ich mdi trudng va kinh te cfao cd chu rimg vd cdc ddi tupng nfadn kfaodn.
Quan diem cua ngudi dan d cdc vimg ma dodn cdng tdc khdo sat cho thdy hdu hdt nguydn vpng cua hp la dupc phep trdng cao su de cdi thidn cudc sdng, tang thu nhap, trong dd ndu Id riing sdn xudt thi trdng cao su toan bp, cdn riing phdng fad va ddc dung thi dupc trdng xen tfaeo bang. Ddy cd the la mpt de xudt cd y nghia -thyc tien va cdn tiep tuc cd cac nghien Cliu tim kidm-cdc gidi pfadp ky thuat nhdm ndng cao chtic nang phdng hd ctia cdy cao su.
Bdn Id, cdc bien phdp xti ly ddt ldn chiem trudc khi thyc hifn gjao khodn can phdi mem dec va tdn trpng lpi ich ciia ngudi dan thi mdi T ^ CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHf LAM NGHIEP S 6 1 - 2013 93
Kinh te& Chinh sach CO hifu qua va tranfa dupc biic xtic xa hdi.
Thuc td d Binh Phudc, rit nhidu trudng hpp thyc hien thu hdi ddt ldn chidm nfaung khdng giai quydt nfau cdu can ddt de san xudt cua ngudi ddn dan ddn kfaidu kifn keo dai, bdt dn xa hdi d nhimg vung d6ng bdo dan tdc thidu sd. Nhidu trudng hpp da cudng chd ddn ldn thii 3, thti 4 nhung vdn khdng thyc hien dupc, ddt dai tidp tuc nim trong dien tranh chdp vd khdng thd su dyng, gdy lang phi rdt ldn.
Ndm Id, nghien ctiu phucmg dn dinh gid rung don gidn va thuc td dd cac dia phucmg cd thd thyc hifn cho thud ddt rimg sdn xudt tgi nfaiing vimg md ddt riing cd tinh canh-tranh cao trong sir dyng nhu ddt ldm nghiep d Binh Phudc ndi ridng va viing Ddng Nam Bd ndi chung. Theo dd ddt rimg sdn xudt cua viing Ddng Nam Bp ndn dp dyng cho thud theo chu ky sdn xudt vd cd dp dyng chinh sach midn giam tidn thud ddt cho cdc ddi tuong khac nhau. Muon lara dupc nhu vdy can phdi rd sodt lai dien tich ddt ldm nghiep da giao cho cdc don vj cua nhd nudc dd giao lgi cho dia pfauong qudn 1^ vd tfauc hidn cho thue ddt cho cac ddi tupng nhu hd gia (£inh va cd nhdn.
Sdu Id, cdc chinh sdch vd giao, cho thue va khoan phai tinh ddn bidn dpng cua thi trudng chuyen nhupng quydn sir dung ddt ciii^ nhu hpp ddng giao khodn va cfao tfaue. Trdn thyc td nhu cau chuyen nhupng vd tich tu tap trung ddt dai la tdt yeu vd du chinh sach cd cho phep hay khdng thi nd vdn didn ra. Vi vdy cdc chinh sdch can thdng thodng va thti tuc chuydn nhupng don gidn de cac chti thd tham gia vao qud trinh nay c6 tfad de dang thuc hien va tuan thti. Dieu ndy vira gitip cac co quan chiic ndng quan ly dupc riing va ddt ldm nghiep, vira tgo dupc nguon thu cho ngdn sdch tir tidn ddng thue cua cdc cfaii thd tham gia cfauydn nhupng.
Bay Id, cdn cd sy phdi hpp tdc chat cfae gitta
cdc ngdnh Ndng nghiep va Pfadt tridn N6ng thdn vd ngdnfa Tdi nguydn va Mdi trudng ciia tinh trong viec thiJC faien giao, cho thud ddt lam nghifp theo quy hoach vdi viec cap gidy chiing nh|in quydn sir dyng ddt. Cdc trudng hpp tranfa chdp giiia ngudi dan vdi cdc BQL rtmg d Binh Phudc h^u hdt Id do ldi ciia hai ngdnh chtic nang ndy khi khdng cd sy phdi hpp chdt chS. Viec gidi quydt sai sdt do cfainh quyin gdy ra nhdt djnh phdi theo quan diem chinh quyen sai thi pfadi sira va quan tam den lpi icfa ctia ngudi ddn trudc tien.
IV. lOET LUAN
Giao kfaodn riing vd ddt lam nghifp la mgt chinfa sach ciia Nha nudc vdi myc tieu phat tridn lam nghiep va gdp pfadn tgo cdng an vifc lam, dn djnfa ddi sdng vd xod ddi gidm ngheo cho ngudi ddn sdng dya vdo rimg. Thuc te thuc hien chinh sach giao khodn rimg vd ddt lam nghifp d Binh Phudc dd ddt ra nfaiing vdn de cdn tidp tuc ngfaien ctiu sira doi cho phii hpp.
Trong pham vi ciia nghidn ctiu chting tdi dua ra mft so de xuat nhdm hoan tfaien, bd sung, sira ddi cfainh sdch giao, cho thud dat lam nghifp vd khodn rimg dd chinh sdch ndy thirc sy phat huy hidu qud va ddp ung dupc myc tieu dat ra. Diem mdu chdt cua nhttng sua ddi, bd sung vd hoan thidn dupc neu ra Id chinh sach giao, cho tfaud ddt ldm ngfaiep va khodn rimg phai dupc xay dyng trdn co sd tmh hinfa cu the cua cua timg dja phuong va vung. Dgc biet can chti trpng din tinh cfadt va dac diem ciia tiing logi ddt va rimg de cd quy hogch sir dung hpp ly dong thdi cd chinfa sdch va phuang an qudn ly thich hpp.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Ban chi duo Bao v | rimg tinh Binh Phirdc, 2012.
Bdo cdo tdng kit cong tac qudn ly, bdo vi ritng ndm 2011. phuang hudng nhifm vv ndm 2012. Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bhih Phudc.
94 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH$ LAM NGHIEP SO 1 - 2013
Kinh te& Chinh sach
2. Chi cyc kiem ISm tinh Binh Pha6c, 2011. Bdo cdo 4. So N6ng nghiep vd PhSt trien Nong thdn tinh Binh tong kit cdng tdc him ldm ndm 2011 vd phuang hudng Phii6c, 2012. Bdo cdo tinh hinh giao khodn dot idm nhifm vu ndm 2012. So Nong nghiep vk Phdt triin Nong nghifp tren dja bdn tinh Binh Phudc. Sd Nong nghi?p thdn tinh Bhih Phudc. va Phat trien Nong thon tinh Binh Phudc.
3. Sd Ndng nghifp va Phdt trien N6ng Th6n tinh 5. Tnrdng Dsii hgc LSm nghifp, 2006. Ddnh gid tinh Binh Phudc, 2011. Bdo cdo guy hogch bdo vf vd phdt hinh thuc hifn Quyit dmh 78/2001/QD-Trg vddixudt trien rimg giai dogn 2011-2012 tinh Binh Phum . Sd sua doi, bd sung chinh sdch hudng Ifd ddi v&i cd nhdn, Nong nghiep vk Phdt trien Ndng th6n tinh Binh Phudc. hg gia dinh vd cgng ddng dugc giao, dugc thui vd nhgn
khodn riing va dot riing. Tnrdng Dai hpc LSm nghifp.
FOREST AND FORESTLAND CONTRACT POLICY IMPLIMENTATION IN BINH PHUOC PROVINCE - CURENT STATUS AND SOLUTIONS
Tran Thi Thu Ha SUMMARY
Forest and forestland contract is one of the policy that has been implementted in Vietnam nearly 20 years with the purposes of promoting forestry development and contributing to hunger elimination and poverty alleviation.
However, presently a number of problems have been raised from the implementation of the policy that need to be improved, supplemented and revised in order to make it more suitable to forestry characteristics of different regions. The research is conducted in Binh Phuoc province. Southeast region, aims at investigating the status of forest and forestland policy implementations and proposing for changes, supplements and revisions for improving the policy in Vietnam as whole and in the Southeast region in particular. The key proposed change is that the forest and forestland allocation, lease and contract policy must establish in accordance with specific conditions of location and region. Especially pay attention to the characteristics of different forest and forestland in order to make appropriate land use planning as well as suitable policy and management schemes.
Keywords: Binh Phuoc, forest and Forestland Contract, forestland Allocation, Southeast region.
Ngirdi pltdn biin: PGS.TS. Nguyen Van Tuan
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|: LAM NGHIEP S6 1 - 2013 95
