linh hinh quan ^ , su dung dat nong - lam trudng tren dia ban tinh Yen Bai
Ho&ng Thi Huong
)ai hgc Kinh te, Dai tioc Q\i6c gia Ha Noi
Tinh ddn nam 2018 tinh Ydn Bai cd 15,710,06 ha ddt ndng, lam tmdng (chlgm 2,08%) tdng dien tich tu nhien loan linh. Hi$n ti-^ng cdng tde qudn ly su dung ddt edng ty ndng, ldm nghigp, ldm trudng vdn edn nhigu han chd nhu su dung chua higu qud, edng Idc ldp quy hoach, ke hoach su dyng dat ehua d^t ygu cdu; cdng tde do d^e, edm mdc gidi, lap ban dd dia ehinh, cap gidy chflng nhan quygn su dung dat edn cham; van ed hien tupng dg ddt hoang hda ddt hoac sfl dung khdng dflng mye dieh; tranh chdp, Idn chidm, cho thug dat trdi quy dinh ehua dupe gidi quyet dfli digm... Dg ndng cao hi$u qua qudn ly, sfl dung dat ndng Idm trudng, trong thdi gian tdi Ygn Bdi can quan ldm: (I) Gidi phdp ndng cao higu qud su dung dat ndng ldm tnrdng, (II) GIdl phdp Idng eudng edng Idc qudn ly ddt ndng, ldm trudng.
1. Khai quat mgt so thong tin ce ban
Trudc nam 2006, Ygn Bai cd 09 lam truong qudc doanh, 07 cdng ty ehe dupe giao quan Iy, sfl dung ddt va kinh doanh vdi dign tich 27.678,22ha chfl ygu efla cdc huygn: Vdn Chan, Tran Ygn, Vdn Yen, Yen Binh, Lyc Ygn, Trgm Tdu, Mu Cdng Chdi. Thye hi^n chfl truong sdp xep, ddi mdi NLT theo Nghi quygt sd 28- NQ/TW ngdy 16/6/2003 cua Bd Chinh tri ve tiep tyc sdp xgp, ddi mdi va phat Irign NLT qudc doanh, sau khi dupe Thfl tudng Chinh phfl phg duygt Dg dn tai Quyg't dinh sd 55/QD-TTg ngdy 03/3/ 2006 den nay trgn dia bdn ti'nh ed: 04 Cdng ly TNHH MTV Idm nghiep, 03 lam Irudng va 07 cdng ty ehe vdi tdng dien la 15.710,06ha.
Nhu vay tdng dign tich ddt NLT trgn dia ban tinh tmde khi sdp xgp, ddi mdi la 27.678,22ha, sau khi sdp xep chi cdn 15.710,06ha, sd dien tich giam di (1 l,968,16ha) dupe trd ve cho dia phuong qudn Iy vd ehu ydu Id rflng phdng bd, dat ldm nghiep cd hi?u qud sfl dyng thap (UBND tinh Ygn Bdi 2018).
2. Tinh hinh sir dung dai
lam nghiep, lam truong cua cac cong ty nong,
1 nghlfp. liim (nrtng Yrn Bii
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Sau khi khi sdp xdp, ddi mdi NLT, trgn dia bdn bdn tinh Ygn Bdi cd tdng sd 14 don vi, quan ly su dyng dien tich 15.710,06ha chigm 2,08% Idng dign tich ty nhign toan linh. Dien tich ddt ndng, ldm nghiep dupe giao vd cho thud la i5.628,68ha (chiem 99,60%) trong dd chfl ye'u la ddt rflng sdn xudl; ddt phi ndng nghigp dupe giao, eho thue la 81,38ha (chiem 0,4%) dung vao myc dieh xay dung try sd co quan, nha xudng (UBND tinh Ygn Bdi 2018).
Thye tg hign nay eho thay dign tich sfl dung ddt efla cdc edng ty ndng, ldm nghiep, Idm trudng thdp hon so vdi dien tich dupe giao vi cd 3.449,65ha dang trong tinh Irang tranh chdp, lan chidm (trong dd dien lieh tranh chap, lan chiem cao nhal la Cdng ty lam lam trudng Luc Ygn vdi 1.214,44ha). Tranh chdp, lan chidm ddt deli dang Id khd khan Idn nhat trong cdng tae quan ly, su dung dat tai cac cdng ty ldm nghigp, ldm trudng trgn dia ban tinh Yen Bai thdi gian qua (Bdng 2).
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3. Tinh hinh quan ly l a i dai cua cac cong ty nong, lam nghien, lam truvng
31
NGHIENCUU
3.1. I ^ p quy hoach, kg hoach s o dung dai Hien trang quan ly, sil dung dat cua c4c cOno tv n6ng, 14m ngliiep, lam tmdng da duac cap n h a va Ihi hi?n trong quy hoach su dung dat dai giai doan 2011- 2020 cua tinh Y6n Ba. Sau Ithi sip xgp lai, tinh da cho r4 soit lai toan b6 quy dat de danh gii hieu qua cQno nhu chi ra nhung han che', bSt cap trong quan ly sii dung dSt ciia cac cong ty nOng, Ita) nghiep, lam truong tren dia ban tinh. Tuy nhien, do chua bo tri du nguon liinh phi ai thuc hien vi6c r4 soat, quy hoach- do dac, cam mfic ranh giOi, lip h6 so dia chinh, cap giay CNQD dat... nSn cong tac nay den nay van chua ho4n thanh.
3.2. Ket qua giao, cap giay chiing nhan quyin sii dung d^t
- Giao dat: Tinh den thoi diem nam 2018, Yen Bai da: (i) Giao dit IdiOng thu tiin sil dung dat: 3.524,74ha (d4y la dien tich cac cOng ty lam nghiep, lam truong dang thuc hien ra soat cip d6i GCN (gi4y chiing nhan) quy4n sii dung dat; (ii) ThuS dat tra ti^n hang nam:
12.106,88ha.
- Cap giSy chiing nhan quy4n sii dung dit: Cho den nay vige cap giay chiing nhan quy^n sii dung dat NLT o tinh Yen Bai moi thuc hien tai 4 cong ty lam nghiep vol 332 giSy chiing nhan (GCN) va dien tich la 1.19,17ha (dat 8,89%).
3.3. Thanh tra, kiem tra
Cdng tac thanh tra, kiim tra tinh hinh qu4n Iy, sii dung dat NLT tren dia ban tinh Yen Bai da co su quan tam nhat dinh. Ke't luan cua Thanh tra So TN&MT tinh Yen bai (2018) sau khi thanh tra 04 cuoc va 01 cugc kiem tra cho th^y: viec quan Iy, sii dung dat tai cac cong ty nong, lam nghiep, I^nl truong tCr nam 2012 den 2018 co 78 truong hop l^n chiem d4t dai, va 01 truong hop tranh chap dat dai. Nguyen nhan chii yeu la do quan ly, sii dung dat cua cac don vi con long leo, thigu chat che, thieu ddng nhal ve dien tich va sii dung, chua xii Iy kip thoi cac vi phap phdp luat d4t dai.
4. Nhiing han che va nguyen nhan 4.1. Han ch^, b^t c^p
- Trong cong tac sii dung dat: dien tich thuc te ma cac don vi dang quan ly su dung thuc te thap hon so voi dien tich duoc giao theo quyet dinh (co 3.449,65ha dang trong tinh trang tranh chap, Ian chiem); dat NLT chu yeu sii dung vao muc dich trong rung san xu4t va dat nong nghiep, mOt so' don vj sii dung chua hieu qua; trinh do cua nguoi dan thap, nh^t la cac viing sau. xa, CO dong dan tpc thieu sd; chua chuyen doi manh me cay lam nghiep cd gia tri cung nhu td chiic san xuat kinh doanh hieu qua kinh tg chua cao; tinh hinh tu y chuyen doi muc dich su dung, cho muon d^t van dien ra.
- Trong cdng tac quan ly: lap quy hoach, ke hoach sir dung dat con chua dat ygu c4u, nh4t la chua hoan
112 K.~H„.„._. , „ _ , „ „ „ _ . , _ . , . , „ , „
Ihdnh edng tde ra sodt, do dae, edm mdc ranh gidi, lap hd so dia ehinh; kdt qud giao ddt, cdp gidy chiing nhdn quygn sd dyng ddt edn thdp; cdng tac thanh tra, kigm tra edn chua thirong xuygn vd ehua higu qua, liing ning va chua giai quyet diit digm linh trang Idn chigm (585 ha), yanh chdp (2.739ha) chu yeu dign ra d 4 Cdng ty lam nghiep va 3 lam hudng (Lyc Ygn, Van Ydn, van Chdn)...
4.2. Mot sd nguyen nhSn cua han ehg, bdt cdp - Nguygn nhdn tu co quan qudn ly: (i) UBND cdp huygn va cdp xa noi cd dat eiia cac cdng ty ndng, lam nghiep, lam trudng ehua thye hidn tdt vige ra sodt lai dien tich, thigu quygt Hgt; (ii) Cdng tac thanh tra kiem tra, giam sdt phat hien cac vi pham va xu ly cdc vi pham chua duoc thye hign dgu dan; (iii) Dpi ngu edn bd dia chinh eae xa cd ddt NLT thudng xuygn thay ddi, nen khd khan, han ehg viee ndm bdt theo dOi, xii I^
Ihdng tin; (iv) Kinh phi h6 tiq it va cham dg cae cdng ty, ndng lam nghiep, lam trudng dg thye hign vige ra soat, quy hoaeh ddi dai; (v) Cdc co quan chiic nang giao ddt, eho thug dat eho ede don vi cdn thidu chat ehg, khdng cu the, khdng do dae xac dinh rd rang, chi khoanh ve trgn bdn dd (vi) Cdng tde luyen tmygn, phd bign, gido dye phdp ludt dat dai chua duoc trign khai ddng dgu d ede khu vye, nhieu noi cdn mang h'nh hinh thiie, kem higu qud.
- Nguygn nhan tu cdng ty, ndng ldm nghigp: (i) Qud trinh td chiic thuc hign qudn ly do dae ehua chinh xac, khdng tien hdnh do dae lai. Thidu hdch nhigm trong kiem tra ra sodt va vach ranh giiji quy hoach SDD; (ii) Khdng quan Iy dugc dien tich dat dg tinh trang lan chidm qua nhigu, khdng td chiie edm mdc dg ldm ecr sd eho viec qudn ly sii dyng, trdnh tranh chap.; (iii) Ty y chuygn myc dieh sii dung ddt, cho ede ho gia dinh muon dg eanh tde ndng nghiep, ddn den nhiing hdu qua rat phiie tap, khd ludng... (iv) Sy phdi hop giua cac edng ty, ndng ldm nghiep, lam hirdng vdi UBND huygn, xa hong viec gidi quygt cdc tranh chdp, xu ly cdc vi pham phdp ludt ddt dai edn han chd, thigu chat ehe.
- Nguyen nhan lu mdi tmdng thg ehg chinh saeh:
(I) Chii truong ehinh sach sap xep, ddi mdi ndng, lam trudng qudc doanh thdi gian qua mdi chu yeu lam thay ddi hinh thiie td chiie quan 1>', ehua lam thay ddi can ban eo ehe qudn ly va qudn tri doanh nghigp. (ii) Chua ed quy dinh vg giao trdeh nhiem eho cdp iiy chinh quyen dja phuong phai cd ke hoach, chucmg trinh cy the trong viec quan ly dat dai ndi chung va ddt dai ndng lam tmiimg ndi rieng; (iii) Thig'u cae hudng dan ve vai trd va trach nhigm cua cac edng ty ndng, lam nghigp. cac ban qudn ly ning, vudn qudc gia, khu bdo tdn vg qudn ly, sii dung ddt; (iv) Chua rd quy djnh vg cap gidy ehung nhdn quyen sii dyng dat, ddi vdi cdc ban qudn ly rung, cac cdng ty nong, lam nghiep khdng thude dien thye hi^n sdp xep theo Nghj dinh 118/2014/ND-CP; (v) Cdn quy dinh thdng nhat hd tro 100% ngdn sdeh Tmng uong cho cac dia phuong bao
ddm \\^c do dae, edm mdc gidi ddt dai, vg bdn dd, ldp hd so dIa chinb, cdp Gidy ehiing nhdn va xay dyng co sd d& li^u ddt dai cho cac edng ty ndng, Idm nghigp.
5. Mot SO plal phap tang cirong cong tac quan ly, sir dung dat cua cac cong ty nong lam trudng tinh ren Bai
5.1. Giai phap tdng cudng hi^u qud sur dyng d£t ndng, ldm trudng
- Nghign eiiu ddi mdi edn bdn vg md hinh qudn Iy:
vi^c chuygn ddi sdp xdp cdc NLT Irong thdi gian qua thanh cac cdng ly ndng, Idm nghiep, ldm tnrdng mdi chi diing lai d sy thay ddi vg hinh thiic, trong khi hl$u qua sii dung ddt NLT eua ede l6 chiic mdi chua thye sy dai ygu cdu. Do vay, edn phdi nghign eiiu lim ra md hinh qudn If, qudn tri cac cdng ty ndng, lam nghiep, Idm trudng sau ehuygn ddi dg nang eao higu qud sii dyng ddt.
- Nghign ciiu co che lin dyng ddu tu: f)g ndng cao higu qud sii dyng ddt NLT, can cd sy ddu tu vg ngudn lye. Bgn canh cdc ngudn lyc vg con ngudi, khoa hoe cdng nghg, thi ngudn lyc vg Idl chinh Id rdt quan trpng.
Vi vdy, cdn phdi cd eo ehe h'n dyng ddu tu ddi vdi nhdm ddi tuong cdc cdng ly ndng, ldm nghigp, ldm trudng, nhdl la vg Irdng riing, hdng cdy thay thd phu hcfl)...
- GIdl quygl diit diem linh trang cho thug, Ugn doanh, lign kgt; sii dyng ddt khdng diing ddi lugng, khdng dung myc dich: Ddi vdi dign lich ddt giao khodn khdng sii dyng diing mye dich, khdng ddng quy ho^eh, sang nhugng bdt hgp phdp thi kign quygt thu hdi ve edng ty hodc dia phuong qudn ly sii dyng theo quy dinh.
5.2. Giai phap tdng cudng cong t^c q u ^ ly ddt ndng, Idm tnidng
- Nhanh chdng hoan thdnh edng Ide do dae, l^p bdn dd dia ehinh,: Hodn Ihanh cdng tde do dae, l^p bdn dd dia chi'nh, edp gidy chiing nhan QSD dat va chuygn sang thud ddt theo quy dinh cua Ludt dat dai.
Cdc cdng ty ndng lam nghigp, ldm trudng tnidng tinh Ygn Bdi ddy nhanh viee rd sodt do dae vd tign hdnh xae dinh ranh gidi ddt.
- Thye hign tdt edng lae lap quy hoach, kd hoach sii dung ddt: Ddt NLT eua cd nude ndi chung va Ygn Bai ndi rigng hign nay dang trong tinh trang quan ly, sii dyng ehua tdt. Do v$y cdn phdi xde djnh rd tdm quan trpng, y nghia vd vai hd eua vige ldp quy hoaeh, ke hoach sii dyng ddt ddm bdo tinh khoa hgc, chinh xde, nhdl Id nhiing dia bdn ed rCmg va td chuc thye hidn nghidm quy hoach da dugc duygl.
- Td chiic giao ddt, edp gidy chung nhdn quyen sii dyng ddt: Cdc edng ty ndng ldm nghigp, lam tmdng tinh Ygn Bdi edn phdi hgp vdi chinh quygn dja phuong hoan thanh vi$c chuyen giao ddt vg dia phirong gdm:
ddi khdng sd dyng, sii dyng khdng diing myc dich, su
dyng khdng hi^u qua, di^n tieh ddt da chuygn nhugng....
- Gidi quygl diit digm vdn dg tranh chdp, Idn ehldm:
Odl vdi ddi cdng ly cho thug, cho mugn: can phdi hgp chi'nh quygn dia phuong rd sodt lai ldm thii lye thu bdi bdn giao eho dia phuong. Ddi vdi dat bj Idn chidm edn ra sodt lung ddi tugng Idn chigm va xii ly trigt dg; vdi dl^n lich cdng ly khdng cdn nhu cdu sii dyng va khdng dnh hudng dgn quy hoaeh sii dyng ddt thi ldm thO tyc bdn giao vg eho dia phuong qudn ly.
6. Ket luan
Dg ndng cao hi^u qud qudn If, sii dyng ddt NLT, hong Ihdi gian tdi Ydn Bdi cdn quan ldm: (i) Gidi phdp nang eao higu qua sii dyng ddt NLT: Nghign ciiu ddi mdi can bdn vg md hinh qudn ly ciia cdc cdng ty ndng, idm nghiep, ldm sau ehuygn ddi dg ndng eao higu qud sil dung dat; xay dyng vd duy tji cae vCing sdn xudt t^p tmng, vung nguyen ligu sdn xudl san phdm theo nhu cdu thi trudng; nghign ciiu eo chd lin dyng ddu tu; gidi quyel diit digm tinh trang cho thu&, lign doanh, lign kgt; sii dyng ddt khdng; (II) GIdl phdp tang cudng cdng tde qudn ly ddt ndng, lam buong: Hodn tbidn vd td chiic thye hi^n ed higu qud hg thdng chinh sdch phdp ludl lign quan; nhanh chdng hodn thdnh cdng lac do dac, ]^p bdn dd dja chinh; thye hien tdt edng tde Idp quy hoach, kg hogch sii dyng ddt; td chiic giao ddt, cdp gidy chiing nhan quygn sii dyng ddt; tang eudng edng tde thanh ha, kiem tra va xii If nghigm cdc vi pham phdp ludt trong cdng tac quan If, sii dyng ddt ciia edng ly ndng ldm nghigp, ldm trudng sau ehuygn ddi...
Tai lieu tham khao
Bd Chinh tri (2014), Nghi quydt sd 30-NQ/TW ngdy 12/3/2014 vg tigp tyc sdp xdp, ddi mdi vd phai tridn ndng, lam trudng qudc doanh
Chinh phu (2016), Nghi dinh sd 168/2016/ND-CP ngay ngay 27/12/2016 ve vg khoan ning, vudn cay va dign lich mat nude trong cac Ban qudn ly ning dac dyng, rung phdng hd va Cdng ty trach nhiem hdu hgn mdt thanh vign ndng, lam nghigp Nha nude
UBND tinh Ygn Bai (2016), Dg an tang cudng qudn ly ddi vdi dat dai cd ngudn gdc tii ede ndng, lam trudng qudc doanh trgn dia ban tinh Ygn Bdi
UBND tinh Ygn Bai (2018), Bao edo tinh hinh, kdt qud thanh tra vige qudn ly va sii dung ddt cd ngudn gdc tu, ndng, ldm trudng qudc doanh trgn dia ban tinh Ydn Sai
UBND tinh Ygn Bai (2018), Bao cao tinh hinh quan ly va sii dyng ddt cOa cdc ndng, lam tnrdng tren dia bdn tinh Ygn Bdi.
- L j A i i A - T M A l RlNH DUD-NB (THANG T Z / ZO ' 91 0 * 3
