NGHIEN CUU GIAU DUC NUUC NGUAI ®
Gidll THIEU CHUUNG TRINH 2030
CUA TO CHUfC HOP TAC VA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE (OECD) GIAI DOAN 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 8
TRAN CONG PHONG - Email: IcphoRgmoeledu.vn NGUYEN NGOC ANH - Email: [email protected]
Dd DifC LAN - Email:[email protected] Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viel Nam
Tdm tdt: Bdi viet gidi thieu ChUUng trinh 2030 cCia To chtfc Hap tdc vd Phdt trien Kinh te (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD). Dua tren cdc cudc thdo ludn ve Uu tien chinh sdch eua nhiiu quoe gia, OECD nhdm xde dinh ndng Itfc va khung hoc tdp cho ndm 2030 trong Hoi nghi tham vdn lan thtf 4 cua OECD vi ehUOng trinh 2030, thdng qua viee rd sodt cdc nghien ctfu lien quan den chuang trinh ndy. Bdi viet nhdm mue dich: l/Gldi thieu chuang trinh eua OECD trong viec rd sodt, xac dinh vd lua chon lai cdc ndng luc cd lien quan hudng den ndm 2030. Cdc ndng lUc ndy phdi phu hop, nham dong gop dexdy dung mot the gidi cdn bang. Theo OECD, nhdng gi dugc cot Id can thiet hope cd liin quan cho ndm 2030 khong chi phu thudc vdo nhu cau trong tuang lai md cdn phu thudc vdo nguyen vong eua xa hoi, trong do tdm diem Id nhdng dinh hudng doi mdi gido due; 2/ Tim hieu Sdng kien vi cupc song tot dep han eua OECD, dong thdi nhdn manh den vai tro cua giao due vdi nhung thay doi trong tUang lai. Cdu hoi dot ra cho cdc qudc gia Id Idm the nao dehe thong gido due c6 the giup hoc sinh phdt trien ndng lUe hudng den tuong lai tot han eho ehinh ho vd cho phuc lai chung cua todn xd hdi cung nhU de dng pho, ttf dieu chinh vdi nhtfng thay doi trong tuang lai; 3/ Tim hieu cdc nghien cdu tiep theo eua OECD dtfa tren viee thong nhat easd li thuyet ehung ve "khung hoc tdp" vd qua cdc kit qud nghien ctfu ban ddu.
Ttf khda: Chuang trinh; chuang trinh 2030; To chtfc Hap tdc va Phdt tnen Kinh te (OECD).
(Nhdn bdi ngdy 03/01/2017; Nhan ket qud phdn bien va chinh stfa ngdy 15/01/2017; Duyet dang ngdy 25/01/2017).
I.Datvande
The gidl cua chung ta ngay clng da dang va lien kit voi nhau trong thdi dai cua toan eau hda va hien dai hoa. Oe hieu biet ve the gidi cung nhU ed the lam tdt vai trd cua mdi ca nhan, mdi ngUdi can biet lam ehu ele cdng nghe ludn thay ddi va can phli hoe de xQ li nhQng ngudn thdng tin ddi dIo, ludn cd sin. Chung ta cung ph^i ddi mat vdi mdt loat nhQng thach thQc trong xa hdi, ching han nhU can bang tang trQdng kinh te vdi phat trien mdi trUdng ben vQng, thinh vuong vdi cdng bang xa hdi.Trong bdi eInh nay, moi chung ta can phai cd cac nang luc de dat duoe muc tieu ciJa minh trong the gidi ngay mdt trd nen phQc tap hon, Vi vay, ngay nay viee phat tnen nang iQc cho ngQdi hoc rat quan trong trong ele chuong trinh nghi sUtoan cau va Chuong trinh 2030 doTd chQc Hop tac va Phat tnen Kinh te -Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) de xuat khdng phai la mot ngoai le.
2. Gidi thieu ve Chuong trinh 2030 "TUOng lai cua gido due va ki nang 2030" cua OECD
Trong bdi canh the gidi dang dien ra nhieu bien ddng Idn theo nhieu xu hudng khae nhau nhuToan eau hda, bien doi khi hau, doi mdi khoa hoc edng nghe...
NhQng xu hUdng nay da va dang tao ra thach thQc, yeu cau cung nhueP hdi mdi ddi hdi toln xa hdi hay moi c l
nhan can phai thich Qng mdt each hieu qua.Vai trd ciia nhl trQdng can thay ddi de chuan bi cho hoc smh (HS) tu tin budc vao mdt xa hdi vdi nen kmh te mdi thay ddi rat nhanh chdng. HS can cd du nang lUc giai quylt eae van de xa hdi khdng the dudoan trudc dupe. Nha trudng can phai chuan bi cho HS nhQng nang lUe thiet yeu deed the cpng tac, hop tac lam viee trong mdi trudng da van hda, biet tdn trong nhQng y tQdng, quan diem va gia tn khae nhau, TQ dd, HS can biet each quyet djnh lam the nao de tin tudng va hop tac vdi nhQng ngUdi khae tren cO sd ton trong su khae biet cua ho, Hau het cac trUdng hoc dang phai tim each dieu chinh, thay doi nham trang bi cho HS cac ki nang de tU dmh hudng va tim dUOc con dUdng phat tnen neng cho minh trong mdt the gidi ngay cang nhieu bien dong, baton, phQc tap va nhieu thQ thach,
Vdi nhQng yeu cau cap thilt va quan trpng nhuda de cap d tren, dau nam 2015, OECD da khdi ddng Duan
"Tuong lai cua gido due (GD) vd Kindng 2030" vdi muc tieu eung cap va phat trien edng cu thiet thuc cho cac qudc gia de dU doan tdt hon cac van de GD can phai dap Qng va chuan bi chuong trinh giang day cho tUong lai. Van d l nghien cQu cua duan la xac dmh "Nhdng nang luccCia thi ki XXI HS cdn phdi c6" hudng den nam 2030 tQ do de xuat "Khung hoe tdp do chiiu" trong do cac kien thdc, ki nang, thai do va gia tri se dUoc dua ra d l cd t h i hd tro
stf 136-THANG 1/2017* 109
® NGHIEN CiHU GIAO DUC NUOC NGOAI
cac qudc gia xem xet t h i l t k l , phdt tnen chQOng trinh g i l n g day cua hp, ddng thdi can n h i c l l m the n l o de dQa cac nang lye nay vao chQOng trinh cung nhu lam the nao de trien khai chuong trinh GD trien vpng nly.
Khung hoc tap nay cdn la cO sd cho qua trinh thiet kelgi chuang trinh gidng day mdt each he thdng va dUa tren bdngehtfng, c h i n g han n h u d l g i l i quyet van de q u i t l i chuong trinh giang day, lap day k h o i n g trong trong chQong trinh g i l n g day hien nay cung nhU hudng den chuong trinh g i l n g day vdi nhQng k i l n thdc, kl nang, thai dp va g i l tr; ki vpng den nam 2030.
DQ I n "Chuong trinh 2030" se dQpc chia lam hai giai doan nhu sau: 1/Giai doan 1 tQ nam 2015 - 2018, 2/Giai doan 2 tQ nam 2019 t r d di, D u an se tap trung vao GD trung hpe, GD nghe nghiep va hudng den hoc tap sudt ddi Cac cudc hpp thudng men se dUoc dien ra hai nam mpt lan v I o t h i n g 5 va thang 11, dupe to chQc tai mdt nQdc thanh vien OECD hole mdt nQdc cd mong muon tham gia d y I n , ddng vai trd quan sat vien. Lan hop thQ t u gan day nhat dUOC to chQc vao t h i n g 11 nam 2016 tai Bic Kinh, Trung Qudc vdi sU tham gia cua cac nudc thanh vien OECD va cac nude quan sat vien, trong d d ed Viet Nam
3. Nang liTc va k h u n g l i t h u y e t hoc t a p 2030 cua OECD
Mpt trong nhQng eau hdi nghien cQu chfnh trong nhieu nam qua cua DeSeCo'- mdt dU I n quan trpng cua OECD la: Ngodi nhtfng kindng ca bdn, nhtfng ndng luc ndo chung ta cdn phdi cd cho mpt euoc song hgnh phuc vd trdeh nhiem cao cung nhu CO the ddi mat vdi nhtfng thach thtfc eua hien tai vd tuang iai'l Trong qua trinh nghien cQu, danh gia so sanh quoc te vdi cac cau hdi cdt ldi: Nang lUc la gl? NhQng nang lUc nao la quan trong va quan trong eho c l i gi? DeSeCo da de xuat "/Chung ii thuyet" 1.0 (2003) v l 2.0 (2015) toan dien va co ban ve cdc ndng Itfe cdt loi.
DeSeCo da hinh thanh co sd li luan va thuc tien de lya chon cac nang lUe cung nhU each thQc trong chQong trinh giang day de phat tnen cac nang lye do, Ngoai ra, DeSeCo eung dua ra cac nguyen t i c lam nen tang cho mdt chien lupc lau dai tdng the nham danh g i l cac nang luc do tren binh dien qudc te cimg vdi mdt khung tham c h i l u cho sU p h I t trien cac nang lUc cdt ldi tren quan d i l m cua hoe tap sudt ddi
3.7. Gidi thiiu chung ve dtfdn DeSeCo 1.0 Nam 1997, cle nudc thanh vien OECD dUa ra ehuong trinh danh gia qudc t l PISA' cho HS d cudi giai doan GD b i t budc, vdi mue dfeh danh gia mQc dd HS da thu duoc kien thQc va ki nang can thiet de tham gia day du trong xa hdi, Sy phat tnen eua PISA da the hien d cac khia canh sau
- Oinh hudng cho chinh saeh, dua tren yeu cau ciia 1 Du an DeSeCo - Definition and Selection of Competencies Tlieoretica! and Conceptual Foundations) (200?) - Cdc 3i!ih nghia va lua chon cdc ndng tuc Nen lang U thuyet va Khai mem 2 The Programme forlnternational Student Assessment iPISA)
eae chfnh phu, cac phUOng phap thiet k l va bao eao duoc xac dinh de rut ra bai hoc ve ehinh saeh.
- KhIi niem "dge hiiu" mdi dQpc xem xet cung vdi nang lye phan tich, suy luan v l giao tiep hieu q u i eua HS n h l m giai quyet va g i l i thfch cho eae van de trong ele linh v u c m d n hpe.
- Lien quan d i n hoe t i p sudt ddi khdng chf la chuang trinh danh gia HS qudc te rilng biet, PISA cdn danh gia chuong trinh va ele nang iQc x u y i n chUOng trinh (cross-curicular competencies} cua HS. PISA phIn anh ddng lue hoe tap, niem tin ve ban than cung nhucic phQOng phap hoc tap cua HS.
- Tham gia chUPng trinh danh gia quoc te thQdng xuyen se cho phep c l e nQdc theo ddi bQdc tien trien trong viee dap Qng cac mue tieu hpe tap chinh
Oanh gia PISA dau tien la de so sanh kien thQc v l kf nang ciia HS trong ele linh vyc dpc hieu, toan hoc, khoa hoc va giai quyet van de, Viee danh gia k i t q u i hoc tap trong iQa chpn mdn hoc da cung cap them nhQng hieu biet nhat dinh ve cle nang lye can thiet cho HS,
Cudi nam 1997, OECD khdi xUdng dU an DeSeCo vdi myc dich cung cap mdt khung khai niem d l xac dinh cae n l n g lUe then chdt va tang cudng danh gia, do ludng d cap quoc t l ve mQc dd nang iQc cua thieu nien va ngudl trudng thanh. D y l n nay d o T h y y STIiln ket vdi PISA, tap hop cac chuyen gia mdn hoc lam viec vdi cac ben lien quan va cac nha phan tich chinh sach d l xay dyng khung nang lye, Cac ca nhan, t d chQc, cle nUdc thanh vien OECD deu ddng g d p vao qua trinh nay, DU an cdng nhan sy da dang v l g i l tr| va Uu tien giQa cac nudc vdi cac nen van hda k h l c nhau, ddng thdi xac dinh nhdng thach thdc chung cua nen kinh te v l van hda toan cau cung n h u nhQng gia tn chung la ea sd d l lUa chon nhQng nang lUc quan trong nhat.
Xa hdi ngay nay dat ra nhu cau thach thQc con ngUdi phai ddi mat vdi rat nhieu van de phQc tap dien ra xung quanh. NhQng yeu cau thach thdc d d nay sinh ra c l u hdi ve cac nang lye chinh, cdt y l u ca nhan can p h l i cd duoe, Chung ta can cd nhQng nang lUe gl cho mpt cude sdng thanh edng va cd ich cho xa hdi? Xac dinh dupc cac n l n g lUc nay cd the cai thien viec danh g i l xem chung ta da va dang chuan bi cho the he tre va ngUdi trudng thanh nhQ the nao de ho cd the duong dau vdi nhQng thach thQc cua cudc sdng, ddng thdi dat ra yeu cau xac dmh myc tieu tong q u i t cho he thdng GD va hoe tap sudt ddi.
Trong d u an DeSeCo, OECD da phdi hop vdi cac hoc gia, cac chuyen gia va cac to chQc de xac dmh mdt tap hop nhd cua nang lUc chinh, bat nguon tQco sd li thuyet ve xae dmh nang luc. IVloi nang luc chinh phai, Odng gdp vao ket qua cd gia tn cho xa hoi va moi ca n h i n , Giup ca nhan dap Qng nhdng yeu cau quan trong trong mdt loat cac ngQ canh khae nhau; Quan trong vdi c l e chuyen gia va vdi tat ca moi ngUdi.Trong khung khai niem cua DeSeCo, cac nang lye then chdt duoc phan loai thanh nhdm nhusau:
110 • KHOA HOC GIAO OUC
NGHIEN COU GIAO DUC NU8C NGOAI ®
Thtf nhdt, ele el nhan c l n cd k h i nlng sQdung mdt loat cac edng cu d l tuong t i e hieu qui vdi mdi trUdng, bao gdm edng nghe thdng tin v l cdng cu van hda, xa hdi nhu vile sQdyng ngdn ngQ.
Thtf hai, cle ca nhan can ed k h i nlng liln k i t vdi nhQng ngQdi khlc, tQ dd hp cd k h i nang giao t i l p vdi mpi ngQdi cd holn cInh khae nhau. Oilu quan trpng la hped the tuong t i c vdi nhieu edng ddng khlc nhau.
Thtfba. cle cA nhan can phli cd khi nang chiu trich nhiem quan li cudc sdng cua minh, dat cudc sdng eCia minh trong boi d n h xa hdi rdng Idn hPn, cd t h i tU xQ li 6 mpi tinh hudng.
3.2. Yiu tdddm bdo eho ede ndng lUc then chdt Theo DeSeCo (2003): Ndng Itfc Id khd ndng ddp tfng thdnh edng nhtfng yiu eduphtfc tgp trong mpt bdi cdnh cu the thdng qua viic huy dpng cdc kiin thtfc, kindng (nhdn thdc, siiu nhdn thtfc,tlnh edm xd hdi vd thtfc hdnh), thdi dp vagid tri. Xly dyng tren khil nilm nlng lUe trong q u i trinh nghien cQu, DeSeCo d l dQa ra dinh nghTa ve cac nlng lye cdt ldi.Trong dd, ele nang iQe cdt Idi phli d i m blo ylu td sau:
- Cd the hpe dupe (learnable), trong mdt pham vi nlo dd, cd the day dQpe (teachable).
- Odng gdp tfch eye vIo kit q u i dau ra, d i m bao gia tri eho mdl ea nhan (viec llm hap dan, thu nhap, sQe khde, an toln, sy tham gia chinh trj, ngudn iQc tri tue, ele mang x l hdi, v l n hda) v l xa hpi (nlng suat kinh te, tien trinh dan chii, doln kit, sUgin kit xa hdi, nhan quyen v l hda binh, cdng bIng v l binh dang, b i n vQng sinh thli).
- Ll cdng cy d l d i p Qng cle yeu eau quan trpng, phQc tap trong mdt phd rdng cle ngQ cInh.
- Rat quan trong cho tat ca ele c l nhln.
- Lien quan den mdt mQc dp cao sy phQc hpp tinh than, xle djnh nhula phIn xa/phin chilu nhuthye hinh phIn Inh trong viee thUe hien cac kT nlng sieu nhan thQc, khi nlng sing tao d mQc dd cao.
3.3. Khung khdi niem hge tap
Xuat phIt tQ tam nhin tQong lai hudng den mdt xa hdi vdi cac ca nhln hanh phuc, OECD de xuat mdt khung khai niem hoc tap, Khung khai niem hoc tap nly cda OECD da duoe lien tyc sQa ddi thdng qua mdt qua trinh tham van nhieu lan vdi cle cap cua cae ben lien quan cung nhu qua cac nghien cQu sau. Hien tai. khung khIi niem nay cdn duoc gpi la "la bdn hoc tpp"(DeSeCo 2.0), dupe xay dung tren nen tang cosdli luan (mpt phan theo kit luin cua khung DeSeCol 0 cung nhU dinh hudng mdi cua khung chuong trinh dya tren bing chQng) vdi muc dich nhim khuyen nghj each sQ dyng thilt thuc khung khai niem nay Trong Hoi nghi ciia OECD td chQc vao thing 11 nam 2016 tai Bic Kinh - Trung Qudc, cac chuyen gia, cac dai bieu duoc mdi tham d u t h i o luan ve cle van de sau:
- Sy lien quan cua cac nang lUc tdng hop (nang lye ngang/xuyen mdn) cho mdt tUOng lai ben vOng trong nam 2030, Vi du: (a) Tao ra cic gia tn mdi; (b) Odi phd vdi nhQng cang thing, tinh hudng khd xQ; (c) Chiu trach
nhiem.
- SQ l i l n quan eua (a) loai hinh kiln thQc (b) nhQng kT nang v l (c) nhQng t h l i dp va cac gia tri, lien quan den cac nang lye can thiet cho con ngQdi de hinh thanh t h i gidi nam 2030 thinh vUpng song ludn biln ddng (nhQ tinh kien cudng), tao ra g i l tri mdi cho the gidi {doi mdfi, va glQthe gidl trong syean bang {bin vtfng).
- Stf tQOng quan cua ba khia canh trong ehu trinh phat t r i l n nlng iQcVi dy: (a) Hdnh ddng, (b) Phdn hoi va (c) Dtfdodn.
3.4. La bdn hge tap da OECD dexudt Tren eo sd cle nghien cQu dya tren bing chQng v l thdng quy trinh tU van lien tuc hlng thap ki trong du an DeSeCo, OECD dua ra khung "La bin hpe tap 2030 (DeSeCo 2.0) vdi 3 thinh td nhQ sau: Nlng lye cho 2030;
Chu trinh phat trien nang lUe; ChQong trinh nlng IQC (Hinh 1).
Hinh 1: La bdn hoc tdp
TQ cac nghien cQu eung vdi khung khai niem d l xuat nhu tren, OECD da lya chon eae ele nlng lye (kiln thdc, kT nang, thai dp va g i l tri) dya trln nguyen tie cau true nhu sau:
- Kit ndi d i n cau true khlc: -> Khi nang se dugc phat triln trong mdi quan he vdi eae eau trQe khlc.
- Lien quan, thfch hpp: ->• Khi nlng d l giup mpi ngudl dinh hinh the gidi nam 2030.
- Anh hudng cao: -> ChQng minh 11 cd Inh hudng dang ke den ket qua cudc sdng tQOng lai.
- De thfch Qng, chap nhan: -> Cd the dQpc phit trien thdng qua cac qua trinh hpe tap.
- Go ludng dUOc: -^ Cd the nhln dugc mdt sd gii tri so sinh tren thang dilm hoac thdng qua cle phuong tien khae,
Chuang trinh 2030 sau bdn lan hpp gan day da dUa ra "Khung khai niem If thuylt hpe tap" danh cho nam 2030 nhu sau (Hinh 2),
4. Sang kien vi euoc sdng tdt dep hOn cua OECD Theo cic cudc tranh luan tren cic dien dan GD gan diy, "nen kinh te tri thQc" da v l dang dat ra nhQng yeu cau cho cac he thdng GD phai tap trung vao viec trang bj nhdng kiln thQc va kl nang nhlm dap Qng su tang trQdng kinh te (thQdng duoc the hien bing so lieu thdng ke kmh te vT md nhu tong san pham qudc ndi (GDP), nang suit va hieu suat. Theo OECD, dudng nhU
S0136-THANG1/2ai7*lll
® NGHIEN COU GIAO DUG NUOC NGOAI
Hinh 2: Di xudt "Khung hge tdp 2030" eua OECD nhan thdc ve "cau chuyen kinh t l la chua dii" chung ta can mdt ciu chuyen mdi - xa han sQ phat triln kmh t l - cd the giup mdt qudc gia hoac mdt khu vyc tao nen cudc sdng tdt hon cho c l nhan, cho xa hdi va cho cac mdl trudng song khae,
OECD cam ket xic dinh lai cau chuyen tang trudng de dUa sU "hai Idng" (well being) lam tam diem cho cac nd lye ddi mdi GD cua td chQe nay Sang kiln phat trien hda nhap cua OECD da di tien phong trong viee phan tich mmh hpa nhdng bat binh ding ngay cang cd anh hudng bit lai, khdng chi ve sU gan ket xa hdi ma cdn ddi vdi tang trUdng kinh te dUa tren phuong phIp tiep can da chieu. Sing kien vi cudc sdng tdt dep hon cua
OECD nhlm do IQdng sy
"hai Idng" va "tien bd" cho thay n chilu hQdng ve su hai ldng cOa ca nhan, bao gdm nhd d, thu nhdp.
viec Idm, cpng dong, GD.
mdl trudng. sU tham gia cua edng dan, stfc khde, sU hdi Idng vi cupc song, su an todn vd cdn bdng gitfa cdng viic- cupc song, gdp phan phIt trien xa hdi, bao gdm ea ngudn vdn kmh te, vdn nhan lye, von xa hdi va vdn tU nhiln.
NhQng ngudn iQc x l hdi eung se quay trd lai v l b l o t o l n cho sy hai Idng cQa moi ea nhln.
GDcd mdt vai trd rat Idn trong vile thue day chuong trinh nghi su"vi stf hdi long eho ed nhdn vd cho todn xd hdi". Clu hdi dat ra eho cac qudc gia la lam the nao de he thdng GD ed t h i giup HS phit triln nang lue hudng den tuong lai tdt ban eho chfnh hp v l cho phuc Ipi chung cCia t o l n x l hdi
Oa mdt thap ki trdi qua, cle Bd trQdng GD cua td ehQc OECO trong nam 2001 da ghi nhan ring:"Phat trien ben vQng v l g i n k i t xa hdi phu thudc rat nhieu vIo ning lye ciia tat c l ngUdi dan- nghTa la nang iQc de lam chu kien thQc, kT nang, thai dd va g i l tn", dupc xly dyng dUa tren tren dQ an DeSeCo trong nhQng nam dau the ki XXI, DU I n TQdng lai ciia GD va KT nang 2030 ciia OECD dQOc khdi dpng nhim de ra soat cac nang lUc then chdt ma DeSeCo dQa ra v l xac dinh nhQng Qu tien khae nhau ve nang iQc ciia HS, la nhQng nang luc ma HS cin cd de dmh hinh tQong lai ciia minh trong nam 2030, ben canh viec hpe tap d l sdng thinh edng v l cd trach nhiem,
4.1. NhCfng thay doi trong tuang lai Nhieu yeu td lien quan vdi nhau anh hudng den tuong lai dang duoc xac dinh Cac nghien cdu v l tUOng lai cung cap thdng tin v i tam nhin xa cd gia trj ve dy kiln cac xu hudng t o l n cau se ed tac ddng Idn den xa hdi tren tat ca cle ITnh vUc, den cac to ehdc v l cudi cung la cle el
112'KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
NGHIEN cau GMO DUC NITDC NGO/ll ®
nhan, d i n cudc sdng v l tam tri cda mdi ngUdi. NhQng thay ddi nly bao gdm: Thay ddi nhanh chdng v l cdng nghi, t o l n eau hda, da dang ngly clng tang, sy bat binh dSng dang k l tren quy md toan clu, thay ddi khi hau, thay ddi nhan khau hoc, mat dn djnh sinh thli, mat da dang sinh hpe, cac hinh thQc mdi ciia truyin thdng v l sy tuong tac vdi nd, thay doi g i l trj trln quy md Idn, cic cudc xung dot v l hinh thQc bao iQc mdi, ngheo ddi va cae biln ddng v l d i n sd, sy mat can bing giQa phIt triln kinh te, x l hdi v l mdi trQdng.
NhQng thay ddi nly khdng phli la mdi. ChQng da tdn tai trong nhilu thap kl v l dang tang tdc trong nhQng nlm gan day. Hon t h i nfla, nhQng thay ddi trong cac ITnh vuc khlc nhau dang ngly clng trd nen phQe tap hdn bdi su liln k i t cda chung, bao ham c l nhQng thich thQc v l CO hdi trong mdt the gidi day bien ddng. Trong bdi cInh nly, theo cac nha hoach ^ n h chfnh sach GO d cle nQdc OECO, can nhln manh vai trd quan trpng cda cic he thdng GD trong vile gdp phan vao vi|e djnh hinh tuong lai theo hUdng can bing thdng qua: 1/Khl nang phuc hdi (phIt trien manh trong mdt the gidi ed cau true can bing); 2/Odl mdl {tao ra gia tri mdl cho the gidi); 3/
Sy bin vQng (giQ t h i can bing).
4.2. Vai trd cda gido due cho nhCmg thay doi trong tuang lai
Theo OECD, GD ed the llm thay ddi he thdng, hudng tdi mdt tUong lai tdt dep hon khi dilu nly dupe hinh thinh trong suy nghT cQa HS, sinh vien. Vi vay, can trao quyen v l truyen elm hQng eho ele em d l ehinh hp se tao ra mdt x l hdi sing tao va b i n vQng. He thdng GD khdng nin sao chip cle bat binh ding tdn tai hien nay cho cac t h i he t i l p theo hole dung tung cho nhQng nguy co nly vdi ddi tUpng HS. O l dat dupe myc t i l u ddi mdl GD, bin canh vl&c tang cUdng cac gia trj ciia GD, khdng nen gil dinh ring tat c i moi thQ cd t h i hole nin dupe gilng day trong cac trUdng hoc. H I thdng GO khdng nen eho ring gilo vien va sich gilo khoa ludn cd the cung cap cle gill phIp cho cle van de HS, sinh vien dua ra trong Idp hpe, bdi vi hp ed the gap phli ele vln de nhu t h i trong cudc sdng m i gilo vien hay sleh gilo khoa ed the khdng cd eau t r i Idi, Do do, he thdng GD phii cung cap co hdi hoc tap chat lupng cho tat el HS thdng qua dd hp cd the tim hilu de dilu chinh ban than trong vile xlc dmh cic van de; tim kilm mdt sd tra Idi cho nhQng van de nay v l chpn cau t r i ldi phu hop trong cic bdi cInh.
O l dat dupe nhu vly. HS can dupe trang bi ele nang lye trong thdi gian {qua khd, hien nay, trong tUOng lai) v l trong khdng gian xa hdi (gia dmh, edng ddng, khu vyc, qudc gia, the gidi) de tich eUc tham gia vao ele ITnh vQc khlc nhau eua cudc sdng. Do dd, h i thdng GD nen hd trp HS, sinh vien d l ho cd t h i ty dilu chlnh qua cle hoancinh.
Ting cUdng bin linh ca nhan cang ngly cang trd nen quan trong. Oieu nly cae HS, sinh vien ngay nay da va dang duoc trao quyen hon d l tU dieu chinh trong
khdng gian x l hdi va thdi gian, de quIn li cudc sdng cua hp mdt elch ed y nghTa va cd trich nhiem vdi nhdng Inh hudng cudc sdng v l dilu kiln llm vile eua hp. Od la sytyehju trich nhilm hon ladebi tac ddng, tutao ra hon II bj ep bude theo nhQng khudn mau ed sin v l lya chpn chQ khdng phii la de chap nhan sQ Ida chon theo quylt djnh cua ngQdi khae. Tuy nhien, chju trich nhilm v l hoat ddng hieu q u i trong the gidl khdng cd nghTa la hoat ddng trong sU cd lap vdi xa hdi, cung khdng cd nghia l l hinh ddng cUc doan. Nd ddi hdi mdt djnh hudng tuong lai v l ke hoach cho cudc sdng cd y nghTa.
Nd yeu cau nhan thQc ve mong dpi eua x l hdi, bao him nhQng thich thQc ey t h i . Nd ddi hdi khi nang chju trich nhiem, dieu ehinh hinh vi cda "jr chf: Quylt djnh, lUa chpn v l hanh ddng.
Trong ele b l i gilng Qng phd vdi xu hudng toan cau Idn nhu cupc elch mang cdng nghiip lan thQ 4 hoac vl mdt hanh tinh dang trong nhilu nguy cP. giao viln can nhan manh cac y l u cau cap t h i l t sau day: Sy sing tao, sU ddng elm, ddi phd vdi sy mo hd, sy tham gia, quIn li, sQkiln nhan, kien dmh, thich Qng vdi sy thay ddi, linh hoat khi ddi mat vdi thay doi dot phi, t u duy dai han v l ed khi nang dU doln, Odi vdi HS, sinh vien dUOc trang bi tdt de ddi phd vdi nhQng yeu cau va gili quylt, kiem soit sy phQc tap, cac chuyin gia cho rang ho cd chQc nang tuylt ddi quan trpng, dd 11 viee tao ra cle cdng cu ma ho ed the quan li sU bat dn v l biln nd thinh lOi t h i cua rieng minh "(Calileri, 2001, trfch trong Taguma M., RyehenS.D.{2016)^
5. Ccic vSn de nghien ctfu t i l p theo cda chi/ong trinh 2030
Trong cudc hpp lan thQ 3 tai Paris thing 5 nam 2016 v l viec xly dUng ehUOng trtnh 2030 da thdng nhat cO sd li thuylt ehung ve "khung hpe tap khIi quit" v l dUa ra cle k i t qua nghien cQu ban dau. Phien hpp cung thdng nhat v l elch t i l p can cle van d l nghien cQu t i l p theo bao gdm:
- Tiep tyc tdng quan nghien cQu ve "khung hpe tap khai quit" {Literature Review).
- Tri ldi v l cic clu hdi chinh sleh chuong trinh (hiln hanh v l tUOng lai) (CPQ)''.
- Xay dyng bin do ndi dung chuong trinh (CCM^) khi tfch hop ele nlng lye vao eae mdn hpe.
Trong cudc hpp thing 11 nam 2016, cle chuyen gia eua OECD va dai dien qudc gia cic nUde thinh vien da thdng nhat t h i o luan v l tdng quan nghien cQu chuong trinh cic kit qua tim dQpc ban dau ve bang hdi chinh sleh chuong trinh cua cac qudc gia va dQa ra vin de nghien cQu t i l p theo nlm 2017, 2018 la CCM - bin do 3. Taguma M., Ryclien S.O (2016) 2030 conceptual frameworic liey competencies for 2030 (DeSeCo 2.0) {Bdo cdo dU thdo ciia OECD ve khung If thuyet hoc tap 2030. Bic Kmh.
4. CPQ - Curriculum Policy Questionaires - Bdng hdi chlnh sdch chuang trinh
5 CCM - Curriculum Content Mapping - Bdn do n6i dung chuang
sdl36'THANG1/ai17>ll3
® NGHIEN CflU GlAO DUG NUOC HGOJU
ndi dung ehUcmg trinh, trong dd nghiin cQu co sd khoa hoc va phuong phdp dUa (tfch hdp) cic nlng iQc (kT nang) vIo cic mdn hoc thdng qua nghien cQu so sinh d cac qudc gia thinh v i l n v l lUa chon hai mdn: Toln v l GD the chat d l x l y dung "heat-map" (bSn ad nhi§t}-mpt trong nhutig co sd quan trpng nhlt d l hudng tdi x3y dung chuong trinh mdn hoc theo £finh hudng p h l t t r i l n nlng lUc ngudi hoc
6.KAlu|n
ChQng ta dang tien dan den nam 2030, l l m t h i n l o d l chuan bj cho the he tUOng lai c6 t h i tao dung mot cupc sdng eSn bSng v l d i m b l o van d l an sinh cho moi cei nhSn va t^p t h i . Oilu nly ddi hdi si^ nd lye, y thdc cOa mdi Cci nhctn v l sU chung sQc cDa ci^ng ddng, trong dd vai titi cua GO rSt quan trpng. Chuong trinh GD 2030 vdi t i m nhln tUOng lai do OECD de xuat rtit cd g i l trj cho cic nudc dang trong 10 trinh doi mdi chUdng trinh, sleh gilo khoa nhu\^dt Nam. Nghiin ci3u siu hon d l t l m h i l u l i l u nhQng nlng lUe d l c$p trong chUOng trinh 2030 cQa OECD da cd the dUpc xac dinh v l dugc tfch hpp vao cac chuong trinh khung hifn cd dele qudc gia nhu\^$t Nam cung nhu l l m t h i n l o di mdt chuong trinh GD cd the
phIn anh mdt bQc tranh r$ng Idn hdn bao gdm cdng ddng v l gia dinh, trong dd d c nang lUc dUOc phIt triln thdng qua viee hpe tap sudt ddi la thuc sU c l n t h i l t .
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
[1]. wvm.oecd.oiy/edu/skillsbeyandschool/definit io nandselectionofcompetenciesdeseco.htm.
[2]. www.oecd.org/edu/5kills-beyond-school/415295 56.pdf
iS\.httptf/www.oecd.org/innovatian/resean:h/18420 70.pdf
[4]. ht^s-J/www.oecd.org/forum/issues/forum-20 16 -issues-the-future~of-education.htm
[5]. http-y/www.oecd.org/edu/Dlrectorate-fyr-edu cat ion-and-skms-brochure.pdf
[6], www.oeai.org/edu/schooi/education-2030.htm [7]. oecdeducationtoday.blogspot.com/20W01Ahe- trends-shaping-future-of-education.html.
{8].TagumaM.,RychenS.D. ,(2016), 2050 corrcepK/d/
framework: key competencies for 2030 (DeSeCo 2.0) (Bao clo dtf t h I o cda OECD v l Khung li thuylt hpe t | p 2030, BScKinh.
AN INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAM 2030 OF ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) IN PERIOD 2015 - 2018
Tran Cong Phong - Emaih tq^iongmoetedu.vn Nguyen Ngoc Anh - Email: [email protected]
The Wetnam institute t^ Educational Sdenees Abstract: The article introduces program 2030 of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Basing on discussions of policy priorities among many OECD countries, the learning competencies and framework for 2030 in the 4th OECD consultative meeting of program 2030, through review of relevant research. The article refers to:
1/Introducing OECD program to check, identify and choose the relevant competencies towards 2030. These competencies must be appmpriate to develop an equal world. According to OECD, necessary or Klevant things for 2030 not only depend on the demand in the future, but also depend an the expectations of society, its centre points was the innovation-oriented education; 2/Get to know OECD Initiative for a better life, whereas emphasize role of education with changes in the future.
The question far these countries is how the education system can help students develop their competency towards a better future for themselves and the general social welfare and to respond, self- adjust to changes in the future as well; 3/get to know the OECD further studies basing on the agreement of the generai theory background of "learning framework" and initial research findings.
Keywords: Program; program 2030; Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development- OECD.
1 1 4 • K H O A HOC GlAO DUC
