KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
KET OUA BUOC DAU CHDIV GIOIVG VA
IMHAIV GIOIMG DE YEIV THE {Castanopsis baisiii BAIMG PHUOMG P H A P GHEP
Ik Sy DoanhS Nguyin Tlii Mai Dtroiig\ Kilu Dang AnhS Lfi Sy Hoa^
T6MTAT
De Yen The (Castanopsis boisii} la loai c^y gd co kich tiiuoc tir trung binh den Ion, la rong, thuong xanh, co tac dung phong ho bao ve moi tnrong rat hieu qua; gd ciing thuong sir dung trong xay dung, lam do mpc gia dung; hat giau tinh bot va chat beo, la loai thuc pham dupe ua chuong ca 6 trong va ngoai nuoc. Nen phat trien de Yen The duoi tan rung tu nhien hay rung tr6ng la mot trong nhirng giai phap quan ly rimg ben vung hien nay. Vi vay, viec chon gidng de Y§n The ±eo huong lay hat la can thiet. Trong pham vi nghien cvhi nay da chpn dupe 40 cay troi de Yen The co nang suat hat vugt troi so san lupng trung binh cua quan th^ 43,71% - 91,25%. Sau 8 thang ghep tao cay con de Yen The, phuong phap ghep ap co ty le nay choi dat 35,5%, smh truong chieu cao choi mm sinh dat 42,3 cm; phuong phap ghep nem dat 38% va sinh trucmg chi^u cao ch6i moi smh dat 39,9 cm. Sau 8 thang ghep, canh ghep lay tu 40 cay trpi khac nhau cho ty 16 nay choi rat khac nhau, dao dong 16-60%. Trong do, cay 0-pi BG44, BG02, BG09, BG22, BG16, BG24 va BG32 la cac cay troi cho canh ghep co ty le nay ch6i cao nhat. Mot s6 cay trpi khac tuy co nang suat qua cao nhung ty le nay choi cua canh ghep thap can tiep tuc nghien ciiu de nhan giong phuc vu san xuat trong thoi gian toi.
Tirkh6a:/?e Yen The, ebon cay troi, nhan gidng vo tinh bingphuungphap ghep.
Lam san ngoai g6 la nhung loai cay da muc dich, phat trien cac loai cay nay vira lam tang dp che phu cua ning, vira tao ra nhigu tang tan de tang cuong kha nang giir nuoc va chong xoi mon nia troi dat 6 nhiing noi dat doc hay rimg phong ho dau ngu6n.
Quan trong hon la cac loai cay nay co kha nang cung cap cac san pham ngoai g6, tang thu nhap cung nhu sinh ke cho nguoi dan song b trong rimg va gin rimg, gop phan cho cong tac quan ly va phat trien rimg ben vung, dac biet la o nhiing khu rimg phong hg. De Yen The (Castanopsis boish Hicket et Camus) la mot trong nhirng loai cay lam san ngoai g6 CO gia tri, la cay than g& co kich thuoc tir trung binh den Ion; tan la rong, thuong xanh, day va ram; gh kha cimg, thich hop sir dung trong xay dung, lam do moc gia dung hoac trang tri noi that; hat giau tinh hot va chat beo, la loai thuc pham dupe ua chuong str dung ca a trong va ngoai nuoc. La loai cay co phan bo kha rong 6 cac tinh viing niii phia B^c, nhat la vimg Dong Bac nuoc ta. Loai cay nay co bien dp sinh thai tuong doi rong, co the song dupe tren dat chua, ngheo dinh duong hoac dat da voi; chung thudng tap tnmg thanh
' Vien Sinh thai riing va Moi Uirong
quan the iru the o chan va sucra doi, la cay tien phong b rimg sau khai thac kiet; co he r& h6n hpp vimg chdc, vk cpc va re ben d^u phat trien co kha nang chong xoi mon, bao ve dat tot [1].
Du an "Phat trien giong cay dac san rimg co gia tri kinh te giai doan 2011 - 2020" do Vien Sinh thai rimg va Moi truong thuc hien. Muc tieu chu yen la chon dupe cay trpi vira sinh tnrdng nhanh, vira co nang suat qua/hat cao de nhan giong phuc vu san xuat, gop phan nang cao gia tri cua rimg, tang thu nhap cho nguoi dan lam nghe rimg. Trong s6 loai cay lam san ngoai go da chpn, de Yen The la mot trong nhimg loai cay rdt c6 trien vpng, trong khuon khd Du an da chpn dupe 40 cay trpi b xa Truong Son va Luc Son, huyen Luc Nam, tinh Bdc Giang. Dong thoi da tien hanh nghien cuu nhan giong vo tinh bang phuong phap ghep tir vat heu cua cac cay trot. Ket qua buoc dau cho thay rat co trien vong, xin gidi thieu de tham khao va tiep tuc nghien ciht hoan thien hon ve loai cay nay.
2 . VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIQl CliU 2.1. V3t lieu vd dia di^m nghidn aiu
- Cay troi dupe chpn trong rimg de tu nhien phuc hoi sau khai thac d xa Trudng Son va Lue Son, huyen Luc Nam, tinh Bdc Giang.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2019 107
KHOA HOC C d N G N G H t - Gdc ghep la cay con co bAu duffc tao tir hat h6n
hop cua cac cay troi de Yen The da chon, sau 18 thang tuoi, duong kinh goc (Doj) dat 0,6 - 1,0 cm;
chieu cao (Hvn) dat 60-80 cm; cay sinh tnrong tdt, khong sau benh.
- Canh ghep dugc lay tir 40 cay trdi da chpn, la nhirng canh banh te tu giira tan cay trd len, nam vd hudng Ddng va Ddng Nam, dudrrg kinh 0,4 - 1,0 cm.
- Dia diem ghep va nudi dudng cay con tai vudn uom cua Vien Sinh thai rimg va Mdi trudng, Trudng Dai hgc Lam nghiep.
2.2. Phuong phdp chpn cay troi
Chgn cay trdi de Yfen Thd theo tieu chuan nganh 04TCN 147-2006 (2007), cay phat trien binh thudng, tan rdng va trdn deu, sai qua thirong xuyen, nang suat qua vugt trdi so vdi quan the xung quanh it nhat 30%.
2.3. Phuong phap bd tri cac thi nghidm ghep - Thi nghiem 1. Anh hudng cua phuang phap ghep den chat lupng cay ghep:
Su dung 2 phuong phap chinh la ghep nem va ghep ap, thi nghiem dugc bd tri theo phuong phap khoi ngau nhien day du 3 lan lap lai, mdi lan lap lai (n) la 200 gdc ghep va mdi lan lap lai ghep each nhau 7 ngay. Thdi vu ghep la vu xuan (thang 3).
- Thi nghiem 2. Anh hudng cua vat lieu ghep den chat lupng cay ghep;
Slj dung phuong phap ghep nem, moi cay trdi dupe lay canh de ghep cho 50 gdc ghep tai vucm uom. Thdi vu ghep la vu xuan (thang 3).
2.4. Phirong phap thu thap va xu ly sd lidu
- Dinh ky thu thap cua thi nghidm 1 la: 7 ngay, 14 ngay, 21 ngay, 30 ngay, 60 ngiy, 90 ngay, 120 ngay va 240 ngay. Dinh ky thu thap so lieu d thi nghiem 2 la 2 thang 1 lan, tuy nhidn trong pham vi bai bao nay chi dira ra ket qua d giai doan 240 ngay ke tir khi ghep.
- Thu thap sd lieu gom: ty le sdng (%) va chidu cao chdi mdi sinh til canh ghep (cm).
- Xii ly sd lieu theo phuang phap thdng kd sinh hgc cd su trg giup cua cac phan mdm Excel va SPSS (Nguydn Hai Tuat va cdng su, 2005; 2006) [3], [4].
3 . KET QUA NGHBU CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Ddc di^m cSy trOi da duQC cdng nMn De Yen The d huyen Liic Nam (Bac Giang) chii yeu la rimg tu nhien phirc hoi sau khai thac kiet, kdt qua phdng van vd muc dd sai qua trong 3 nam lien tuc da chpn dupe 60 cay trdi dir tuyen. Tiep tuc theo ddi trirc tiep trong 3 nam tiep theo (2013 - 2015) da xac dinh duoc 40 cay trdi chinh thirc cd san luang hat kha cao, tap trung chii yeu b hai xa Truong Son va Luc San. Sd lieu b bang 1 cho thay cac cay trdi co dudng kinh ngang nguc (Djs) dao ddng tii 25,5 cm d cay BG09 den 89,3 cm d cay BG43; chieu cao vut ngon (Hvn) dao ddng tir 12,5 m d cac cay BG04, BG35 va BG40 den 15,5 m b cac cay BG18, BG19 va BG43; dudng kinh tan (Dt) dao ddng tir 7,2 m d cay BG03 den 11,8 m p cay BG21. Dac bidt, san lugng hat trung binh trong 3 nam lidn (2014-2016) dao dgng 24- 30 kg/cay. Trong dd, b miic 24 kg/cay cd 01 cay, 25 kg/cay cd 22 cay, 26 kg cd 01 cay, 27 kg/cay cd 01 cay, 30 kg/cay cd 15 cay. Theo dd, dd vuot frdi vd nang suat qua so vdi san lupng tmng binh cua quan the dao ddng tir 43,71% d cay BG15 den 91,25% d cay BG44
Bang 1. Dac di^m ciia cac cay trdi da chgn theo nang suat hiit Sd hieu cay
trdi BGOl BG02 BG03 BG04 BG05 BG07 BGC BG09
D,,3 (cm) 26,2 30,1 25,9
25,5 H.„
(m) 13,5 13,5 14,5 12,5 13,5
13,5 D, (m)
8,2 7,3 8,9
(Trungbinh tiong3jiamm4.2016) San luong hat
(kg/cay) Do vupt san luong hat(Dv
^ ^ , 6 9
JfUl
lis
89,0952,30 JJ230
^ ^ 5 44,02
108 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 4 / 2 3 , ,
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
BG13 BG15 BG16 BG17 BG18 BG19 BG20 BG21 BG22 BG23 BG24 BG25 BG26 BG28 BG29 BG30 BG31 BG32 BG33 BG34 BG35 BG36 BG37 BG40 BG42 BG43 BG44 BG45 BG47 BG48 BG50
28,7 29,9 31,5 27,4 26,8 39,8 34,4 30,6 37,3 29,3 30,6 35,4 58,6 38,2 30,9 39,8 32,9 41,5 32,7 30,4 32,6 35,4 29,5 28,9 26,3 89,3 36,5 31,7 33,1 27,6 32,2
14,5 14,5 14,5 14 15,5 15,5 14 14,5 14,5 13,5 14,5 15 14,5
15 14,5 13,5 14,5 15 13,5 13,5 12,5 13,5 13 12,5
13 15,5 14,5 13,5 13 13,5 13,5
9,3 9 8,5 8,3 9 10,3 10,5 11,8 10,8 8,3 9,3 9,8 10,3 11,3 9,5 10,3 9,8 9,8 10,4 10 11,5 10,6 7,8 10 9,8 11 10 10 9,5 10 10,3
25 25 25 25 25 25 30 25 30 25 25 30 30 30 25 27 25 30 30 24 30 26 25 25 25 30 30 30 30 25 30
44,02 43,71 55,49 54,97 54,97 54,97 76,27 46,89 84,88 54,07 48,88 78,65 81,40 76,88 57,58 89,09 50,29 81,40 83,53 54,55 86,59 82,14 51,16 53,61 50,89 81,07 91,25 80,00 80,00 47,40 76,88 3.2. Anh huong cua phuang phap gh^p d^n ch^t
lupng c ^ con
Ghep la mot trong nhimg phuong phap nhan gi6ng vo tinh co hieu qua nhat, thudng ap dung cho cac loai cay an qua, vira bao t6n duoc nhung dac diem dl truydn cua cay me, vira som cho san pham mong muon va b^n vimg. Ghep co nhi6u phuong phap va ky thuat khac nhau, trong pham vi nghien ciiu nay chi thu nghiem hai phuong phap ghep nem va ghep ap.
3.2.L Tylenaychoi
Ket qua tong hop b bang 2 va hinh 1 cho thay sau 7 ngay ghep da bat dau nay ch6i moi, ty le nay ch6i b ca hai phuong phap ghep moi ehi dat 11,3- 11,8%, trong do ty le nay chdi b phuong phap ghep n6m cao hon phuong phap ghep ap khong dang ke.
Sau 14 ngay ghep, ty 1§ nay ch6i ti^p tuc tang cham, b phuong phap ghep ap trung binh chi dat 12,7%, trong khi do phuong phap ghep nem trung binh dat toi 32,5%. Sau 21 ngay, ty le nay chfli b ca hai phuong phap cung tang kha cham, 6 phuong phap ghep ap chi dat la 16,8%, b phuong phap ghep nfera tang rat cham so voi giai doan 14 ngay va dat 33,7%. Sau 30 ngay ty le nay choi b ca hai phuong phap vdn tang kha cham, 6 phuong phap ghep ap chi dat 17,5%, trong khi ty le nay choi 6 phuong phap ghep nem lai giam so v6i giai doan 21 ngay va chi dat trung binh la 33,5%, chirng to da co cay bi chet ch6i moi sinh. Giai doan tir 60 ngay, ty le nay choi b phuong phap ghep ap khong nhung kliong tang ma con giam so giai doan 30 ngay va chi con 15,3%, trong khi o phuong phap nem tang cham va dat 35,3%. Sau 90 ngay ty le nay choi o phuong phap ghep ap hau nhu khong NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2019 109
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE tang, trung binh vSn chi duy hi 15,3% va tang nhe d
phuong phap ghep nem a miic 35,8%. Tuy nhidn, sang giai doan 120 ngay ke tir khi ghep, ty le nay chdi d phuong phap ghep ap lai tang manh hon cac giai dpan hudc, dung binh dat 32,5%, nhung d phuong phap ghep ndm tang rat cham. tmng binh chi dat 36,8%. Nhu vay, sau 120 ngay, die la sau 4 thang ty le nay chdi d ca hai phuang phap chi dat tir 32,5% d
phuong phap ghep ap ddn 36,8% d phirong phap ghep Dac biet chii y d giai doan 240 ngay ke tir khi ghep, hic la sau 8 thang, ty le nay chdi vSn tiep tuc tang, d phuong phap ghep ap trung binh dat 35,5% va phuang phap ghep ndm la 38%, chung td kha nang nay chdi ciia canh ghep de Yen The kha cham va keo dai thdi gian den 8 thing vin chua ket thiic.
3.2.2 Khi nang sinh tiirdng Bang 2. Anh hudng cua phuong phap ghep d ^ chat hipng c^y con Thdi
gian 7 ngay
14 ngay
21 ngay
30 ngay
60 ngay
90 ngay
120 ngay 240 ngay
Chi tidu theo ddi Sd cay nay chdi (cay) Ty le nay chdi (%) Chidu cao chdi mdi (cm) Sd cay nay chdi (cdy) Ty le nay chdi (%) Chidu cao chdi mdi (cm) Sd cay nay chdi (cay) Ty le nay chdi (%) Chidu cao chdi mdi (cm) Sd cay nay chdi (cay) Ty Id nay chdi (%) Chidu cag chdi mdi (cm) Sd cay nay chdi (cay) Ty le nay chdi (%) Chidu cao chdi mdi (cm) Sd cay nay chdi (cay) Ty Id nay chdi (%) Chieu cao chdi mdi (cm) Sd cay nay chdi (cay) Ty le nay chdi (%) Chidu cao chdi mdi (cm) Sd cay nay chdi (cay) Ty Id nay chdi (%) Chieu cao chdi mdi (cm)
U p l 18,0 12,0 0,5 25,0 12.5 0,6 32,0 16,0 1,3 35,0 17,5 2,4 32,0 16,0 5,7 32,0 16,0 15,4 65.0 32,5 19,5 71,0 35,5 40,2
Ghd];
Lap 2 17,0 11,3 0,4 30,0 15,0 0,7 35,0 17,5 1,5 35,0_J 17,5 2,5 29,0 14,5 5,8 28,0 14,0 15,7 66,0 33,0 23,4 72,0 36,0 45,0
ap Lap 3
16,0 10,7 0,6 21,0 10,5 0,5 34,0 17,0 1,6 35,0 17,5 2,3 31,0 15,5 5,9 31,0 15,5 16,1 64,0 32,0 20,5 70,0 35,0 41,6
TB 17,0 11,3 0,5 25,3 12,7 0,6 33,7 16,8 1,5 35,0 17,5 2,4 30,7 15,3 5,8 30,3 15,3 15,7 65,0 32,5 21,1 71,0 35,5 42,3
Ghep nem Lapl
15,0 10,0 0,5 67,0 33,5 0,6 68,0 34,0 1,3 70,0 35,0 2,4 71,0 35,5 5,7 73,0 36,5 15,4 74,0 37,0 20,0 76,0 38,0 38,0
U p 2 20,0 13,3 0,4 65,0 32,5 0,7 66,0 33,0 1,5 71,0 35,5 2,5 71,0 35,5 5,8 71,0 35,5 15,7 73,0 36,5 21,0 1 75,0 37,5 41,2
Lap 3 18,0 12,0 0,6 63,0 31,5 0,5 68,0 34,0 1,6 70,0 30,0 2,3 70,0 35,0 5,9 71,0 35,5 16,1 74,0
LlZifL
22,5 77,0 38,5 40,5
TB 17,7 11,8 0,5 65,0 32,5 0,6 67,3 33,7 1,5 70,3 33,5 2,4 70,7 35,3 5,8 71,7 35,8 15,7 73,7 36,8 21 2 76 0 38,0 39,9 Sd Ueu d bang 2 va hinh 1 cho thay, kha nang
sinh trudng cda chdi mdi sinh kha cham d giai doan dudi 60 ngay. Sau 7 ngay ghep, b cac phuong phap ghep deu mdi bat dau nay chdi, chieu cao chdi mdi d ca hai phuang phap ghep ddu dao dpng 0,4-0,6 cm, trung binh ddu dat 0,5 cm. Sau 14 ngay d ca hai phuong phap ghep, chieu cao chdi mdi cung chi dao ddng 0,5-0,7 cm, trung binh la 0,6 cm. Sau 21 ngay
no
kha nang sinh hudng da cd chieu hudng tang len kha ro, dao ddng gitia cac lan lap 1,3-1,6 cm, trung binh la 1,5 cm. Sau 30 ngay (1 thang) o ca hai phuong phap ghep, chdi mdi cd chieu cao hung binh deu 2,4 cm. Sau 60 ngay (2 thang) ca hai phuong phap ghep deu cd chdi mdi sinh dat 5,8 cm Sau 90 ngay (3 thang) kha nang sinh hudng cua chdi mdi bat dau tang nhanh va dat 15,7 cm d ca hai nh NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHt phap. Tuy nhien, sang giai doan 120 ngay ke tir khi
ghep, hic la sau 4 thang, kha nang sinh hudng trung binh d ca hai phuong phap vSn hrong duong nhau, a phuang phap ghep ap hung binh dat 21,1 cm va phuang phap ghep ndm trung binh dat 21,2 cm. Dac bidt d giai doan 240 ngay (8 thang) ke tir khi ghep, kha nang sinh frudng cua chdi mdi da khac nhau kha rd, d phuang phap ghep ap tnmg binh dat 42,3 cm, d phuong phap ghep nem cham hon va chi dat 39,9 cm.
Hy N J U i I.I..I
^ngay 14ngaj 21 nga) JOngaj Wnga) Mcjij' 120ngas 240iip\
• Ghep op • Ghi^ nerti
Hinh 1. Ty 1$ niy choi vk chi^u dai ch6i moi sinh ciia 2 phuang phip gh^p
Tong hpp cac ket qua ve ty le nay choi va kha nang sinh truong da phan tich b fren voi hai phuong phap nhan gidng vo tinh bang phuong phap ghep ap va ghep nem, sau thoi gian 240 ngay, tue ia sau 8 thang ghep, ty le nay ch6i cua canh ghep ehi dat 35,5-38%, ehi^u cao choi mm dat 39,&42,3 cm. Tuy chieu cao choi moi sinh da dat tieu chuan dem tr6ng, nhung ty le song con rat thap, can phai ti^p tuc
nghien ciru de nang cao ty le nay choi va nay ch6i tap trung hon.
3.3. Anh huong ciia v^t li§u ghep ciia cay trpi d6n ch^t lupng ciy gidng
3.3.1. Tyldnaychdi
Cay con lam goc ghep dupe gieo uom tir hat 18 thing tuoi CO duong kinh gdc (Doo) ~ 0,6-1,0 em, chieu cao viit ngpn (Hvn) ~ 0,6-1,0 m, canh ghep la canh binh te lay tir 40 ciy tr6i da chpn, thai vu ghep vao miia xuan (thing 3/2017), Sau 240 ngay ghep, tue li sau 8 thing, ket qua eho thay ty le nay chdi eua canh ghep cua cac cay troi rat khic nhau, dao d6ng 16-60%. Trong do, co the ehia lim 4 nhom, nhdm thu nhat CO ty 10 nay choi cao nhat vi dao dong 50-60%
gdm CO 7 ciy trpi: BG40 (52%), BGQ2 (54%), BG09 (54%), BG22 (54%), BG16 (56%), BG24 (56%) vi BG32 (60%). Nhdm thu hai co ty le nay ehdi tir 40% den duoi 50% gdm 13 ciy troi: BGOl (40%), BG04 (42%), BG05 (48%), BG13 (42%), BG23 (46%), BG25 (48%), BG26 (44%), BG29 (44%), BG30 (46%), BG31 (48%), BG33 (46%), BG34 (42%), BG35 (40%). Nhom diir 3 CO ty le nay chdi tir 30% den dudi 40% gdm 12 ciy trpi:
BG03 (30%), BG08 (32%), BG12 (36%), BG15 (38%), BG17 (36%), BG28 (32%), BG40 (32%), BG42 (38%), BG45 (38%), BG47 (38%), BG48 (30%), BG50 (32%).
Nhdm thu tu eon lai co ty le nay chdi tir 16% den duoi 30% gdm 8 cay trpi: BG07 (22%), BG18 (22%), BG19 (22%), BG20 (22%), BG21 (24%), BG36 (18%). BG37 (16%),BG35(22%).
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Cay trdi BGOl BG02 BG03 BG04 BG05 BG07 BG08 BG09 BG12 BG13 BG15 BG16 BG17 BG18 BG19 BG20
Bang 3. Anh hudng ciia c^nh ghdp tir cac Cay ghep (cay)
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Sd cay nay chdi (cay) 20 27 15 21 24 11 16 27 18 21 19 28 18 11 11 11
cay trdi d^n chat lironj Ty le nay chdi (%)
40 54 30 42 48 22 32 54 36 42 38 56 36 22 22 22
? cay ghdp
Chieu cao chdi mdi (cm) 40,2 45,0 41,6 37,5 38,0 36,7 38,7 42,8 43,5 40,1 45,0 40,5 42,1 40,0 39,5 37,2 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2019 l U
KHOA HOC CONG N G H C
TT 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Cay trdi BG21 BG22 BG23 BG24 BG25 BG26 BG28 BG29 BG30 BG31 BG32 BG33 BG34 BG35 BG36 BG37 BG40 BG42 BG43 BG44 BG45 BG47 BG48 BG50
Cay ghep (cay) 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Sd cay nay chdi (cay) 12 27 23 28 24 22 16 22 23 24 30 23 21 20 9 8 16 19 11 26 19 19 15 16
Ty le nay chdi (%) 24 54 46 56 48 44 32 44 46 48 60 46 42 40 18 16 32 38 22 52 38 38 30 32
Chieu cao chdijnoTiS^L 38,1 40,1 38,7 39,4 38,4 34,5 36,4 34,8 37,8 43,5 41,2 43,5 43,7 40,5 40,7 40,2 41,2 43,1 41,2 43,5 42,1 43,5 42,1 43,6
iiiii.:.!' ' . ll : / I I I •:.
Hinh 2. Ty 1^ nay choi va chidu dai choi mdi sinh 3.3.2. Khanangshih bvdngeua chdi mdi Ngoai ty Id nay chdi cua canh ghep thi kha nang sinh trudng cua canh ghep cung la mdt chi tieu quan trpng de ddnh gia chat lugng cua cay ghep. Sau 8 thang ghep ket qua cho thay kha nang sinh hudng cua chdi mdi sinh kha manh, trung binh dao ddng 34,5-45 cm. Cd the phan thanh 2 nhdm smh hudng chinh: Nhdm thit nhat cd chidu cao 40-45 cm gdm cac cay trpi: BGOl (40,2 cm), BG02 (45 cm), BG03 (41,6 cm), BG09 (42,8 cm), BG12 (43,5 cm), BG13 (40,1 cm), BG15 (45 cm), BG16 (40,5 cm), BG17
(42,1 cm), BG18 (40,0 cm), BG22 (40,1 cm), BG31 (43,5 cm), BG32 (41,2 cm), BG33 (43,5 cm), BG34 (43,7 cm), BG35 (40,5 cm), BG36 (40,7 cm), BG37 (40,2 cm), BG40 (41,2 cm), BG42 (43,1 cm), BG43 (41,2 cm), BG44 (43,5 cm), BG45 (42,1 cm) BG47 (43,5 cm), BG48 (42,1 cm), BG50 (43,6 cm).'Nhdm thu hai cdn lai cd chieu cao ttr 34,5 cm den dudi 40 cm gdm cac cay h-pi: BG04 (37,5 cm), BG05 (380 cm), BG07 (36,7 cm), BG08 (38,7 cm)', BG19 (395 cm), BG20 (37,2 cm), BG21 (38,1 cm)! BG23 (387 cm), BG24 (39,4 cm), BG25 (38,4 cm)' BG26 (345 cm), BG28 (36,4 cm), BG29 (34,8 cm)! BG30 (373 cm).
Nhin chung, canh ghep tir cac cay trdi khac nhau thi thi le nay chdi cung rat khac nhau kha "
sinh trudng ciia chdi mdi sinh cOng rat kh' ii ket qua nay cung kha phu hop vdi ket n.,- i . ' Hua nghidn ciru ghep Hdi cua Nguyen Huy Son (2004)
4 . KET LUAN
- Da chpn dupe 40 cay trdi de Yen The ' suat hat vuot trdi so san luong trung binh r~ "''^^
thd 43,71%-91,25%. ' ™a qu i n
112 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3. Le M6ng Chan va L& TTii Huyen (2000). Thuc vat rung. NXB Nong nghiep.
4. Nguyen Huy Son (2004). Xay dung md hinh rung hoi (Llhcium verum Hook, f) cd san lupng qua cao ti-en casdgidng duoc chpn loc Bao cao tdng ket de til thupc chuong trinh 661 giai doan 1999-2003.
Bp Nong nghigp vi PTNT.
5. Nguyen Toin Thdng va cae cong su (2012).
Mot sd dac diem cau tnic rung de Yen The (Castanopsis boisii) tai Bdc Giang. Tap chi Khoa hpc - Vien Khoa hpc Lam nghiep Viet Nam. Sd 2 - 2012.
6. Nguyin Hai Tuat vi Nguyin Trpng Binh (2005). Khai tiiac va su dung SPSS de xu ly sd Udu nghien cuu trong lam nghiep. NXB Nong nghiep.
7. Nguyen Hai Tuat, Vu Tien Hinh vi Ngo Kim Khoi (2006). Phan ti'ch thdng ke trong lam nghidp.
NXB Nong nghiep.
- Sau 8 thing ghep tao cay con de Yen The, phuang phap ghep ap co ty le nay chdi dat 35,5%, smh tnrdng chieu cao choi mdi sinh dat 42,3 cm;
phuong phap ghep nem dat 38% va sinh tnrong chieu cao chdi mdi sinh dat 39,9 cm.
- Sau 8 thing ghep, eanh ghep liy tii' 40 ciy trpi khac nhau cho ty 1& nay chdi rat khac nhau, dao dpng 16-60%. Trong dd, BG44, BG02, BG09, BG22, BG16, BG24 va BG32 la cic cay trdi cho canh ghep cd ty 16 nay chdi eao nhat. Mot sd cay troi khic tuy cd nang suat qua cao nhung ty le nay chdi ciia canh ghep tiiap can tiep tuc nghien ciiu de nhan giong phuc vu san xuat trong thoi gian tdi.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Cue Lam nghiep (2007). Cam nang ''Chon loc ciy trdi va khao nghiem hau thd'.
2. Cue Lam nghiep (2007). Tidu chuan nganh 04TCN 147-2006 (Chon loc eay trpi vi khao nghiem hau the).
INITIAL PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES OF Castanopsis Zwsz/Hicket et Camus BY GRAFTING THE PLUS TREES IN NURSERY GARDENS
Le Sy Doanh, Nguyen Thi Mai Duong, Kieu Dang Anh, Le Sy Hoa Summary
The paper present the results of propagation method by grafting the verified dominant Yen The chestnut trees (Castanopsis boisii }\\cket et Camus^ in Luc Nam district, Bac Giang province in order to obtain the grafted tree to maintain the characteristics of the dominant trees selected for construcbon set up local seed gardens. The wedge and pressure grafting methods were employed with grafting branches from 40 dominant individuals for clonal propagation of this species. The growth of grafted trees was closely monitored for 8 months on the survival rate and the shoot length to ensure the best results. Results from the wedge grafting method indicated that the rate of live grafted trees was 3896; The newborn shoots length was 39,9 cm higher than the pressure grafting method with 35.5% and 42.3 cm. respectively. The dominant trees had a high rate of grafted Uees, BG40 (52%), BG02 (54%), BG09 (54%), BG22 (54%). BG16 (56%). BG24 (56%) and the highest was BG32 (60%), newborn shoots length is 41.2 cm, 45 cm, 42.8 cm, 40.1 cm, 40.5 cm, 39.4 era and 40.2 cm corresponding to the dominant individuals. The quality of newborn shoots have met the requirements for afforestation.
Keywords: Asexual propagation, Castanopsis boisn Hicket et Camus, grafting, nursery garden. Yen The chesnut
Ngu6i phan bien: PGS.TS. Nguyfin Huy Son Ngiy nhin bai: 14/12/2018
Ngiy thdng qua phan bien: 15/01/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 22/01/2019
MfSNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2019 113
