GlAO DUG DAI HQC 6 VlfiT NAM HigN NAY:
THirc TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTONG
; n J.; ;•« Lfi Htru AI <*'
LAM BA HOA <**'
Trong bdi vie't ndy, cdc tdc gid dd tap trung phdn tich nhiing bdt cap, ye'u kem cua gido due dgi hgc d niidc ta hien nay, dgc biet Id khia canh chdt liidng gido due vd ddo tgo. Tren cO sd do, bdi viet ludn chiing mgt so gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao vai tro cua gido due dgi hgc trong phdt trien kinh te d niidc ta hien nay.
1. Mue tieu phat trien cua Viet Nam de'n nam 2020 la, ve ed ban, trd thanh nUdc cdng nghiep theo hUdng hien dai. De dat dUde muc tieu nay, d n huy dgng va- sii dung mgt each cd hieu qua mgi ngudn llie trong va ngoai nUde. Theo do, mgt trong nhflng ye'u td' ed y nghia then chd't la chat Ifldng giao due dai hgc. Bdi trong bat ky dieu kien lich sii nao, trfldng dai hgc ludn la mdi trUdng bdi dUdng, sang tao va chuyen giao nhflng thanh tiiu khoa hgc - cdng nghe mdi nhat, la d i u tau trong viec tao ra ngudn lao dgng chit Ifldng cao phuc vu sfl nghiep phat trien da't nfldc.
Bao cao ciia Ngan hang The gidi (WB) nam 2003 da khang dinh: "Thu nhap binh quan ciia 20 nfldc giau nhat eao gap 37 lan so vdi 20 nfldc ngheo nhat. Ty le nay da tang nhanh gap hai l l n trong vdng 40 nam qua. Ly do chii yeu la do khdng cd sfl tang trfldng kinh te dang ke tai eac nfldc ngheo do thie'u vd'n, thieu cac ngudn llie phat trien d n thiet, dac biet la tri thflc khoa hgc va cdng nghe"(l). Dieu nay eho thay, vdi mgt nen giao due ye'u kem, chic c h i n se m i t ldi the canh tranh.
Thflc te cho thiy, giao due - dao tao la nhan to' quyet dinh de phat huy tiem nang tri tue, nang Iflc sang tao cua con ngfldi. Ve dieu nay, GS.Malcom Gilles, Hieu trfldng Trfldng Dai bgc Rice da tflng ndi: "Ngay nay, hdn bao gid bet trong lich sii nhan loai, sfl giau manh hoac ddi ngheo ciia mgt qud'c gia phu thude vao chit Ifldng cua giao due dai bgc".
2. Trong thdi dai cua kinh te tri thflc, bat ky mgt qud'c gia nao, de cd the di tat, ddn d i u n h i m thflc hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nfldc thi ngudn nhan Iflc c h i t Ifldng cao ludn gifl vai trd quyet dinh. Tren thflc te, de nhan thay rang, c h i t Ifldng dao tao ciia eac trfldng dai hgc anh hfldng triic tiep tdi sfl tang trfldng kinh te va cac chinh sach xa hgi. Va, dfldng nhien, cae trfldng dai hgc cflng ludn chiu sfl tae dgng manh me eua mdi trfldng kinh te - xa hgi va cac thanh tiiu khoa hgc - cdng nghe cua nhan loai.
(*) Pho giao sii, tien si. TriiSng khoa Ly luan chinh tri. Triidng Dai hpc Kinh te, Dai hpc Da Nang.
(**) Giang vien Khoa Ly luan chinh tri, Triidng Dai hpc Kinh te, Dai hpc Da Ning.
(1) Bao cao cua Ngan hang The gi6i (WB), 2003.
43
LE HUU Al,
LAM B A HOATrong nhieu thap ky qua, he thd'ng gilo due nfldc ta dang chfla dflng nhieu ye'u to' b i t cap, c h i t Ifldng giao due dai bgc edn thap, chfla dap flng dfldc ky vgng
"gido due la qud'c sdch hdng ddu". Van biet "nhan tai la nguyen khi qud'c gia", nhflng nhflng dieu kien vat chat ngheo nan, cd che quan ly lae hau, ddi ngfl giang
•vien vfla thie'u, vfla ye'u,... khdng tfldng flng vdi td'c do phat trien cua quy md dao tao ehinh la nhflng nguyen nhan can ban dan tdi sfl ye'u kem eua giao due dai hgc.
Theo Bao cao mdi n h i t eua Bd Giao due va Dao tao (Sd': 760 /BC-BGDDT) ngay 29 thang 10 nam 2009, nam 1987 ca nfldc cd, 101 trfldng dai hgc va eao dang (63 trfldng dai bgc, chie'm 62%; 38 trfldng cao dang, chiem 38%), nhflng den thang 9 nam 2009 da cd 376 trfldng dai hgc va cao dang, tang gap 3,7 l l n (150 trfldng dai hgc, chie'm 40%, gap 2,4 l l n va 226 trfldng cao dang chiem 60%, gap 6 lln).
Viec md rdng quy md khdng chi bd hep trong cac trfldng cdng lap ma ea loai binh dan lap. Vdi 101 trfldng dai bgc va cao dang nam 1987 chung ta chfla cd trfldng ngoai cdng lap, de'n nam 1997 d nfldc da cd 15 trfldng dai hgc ngoai cdng lap va de'n thang 9 nam 2009 cd 81 trfldng dai hgc, cao dang ngoai cdng lap, chiem 21,5% (44 trfldng dai bgc va 37 trfldng eao dang). Den nay, da ed 40/63 tinb, thanh phd ed trfldng dai hgc (dat ty le 63%); cd 60/63 tinb, tbanh cd trfldng cao ding (dat ty le 95%) va cd 62/63 tinb, thanb cd it n h i t 1 trfldng cao dang hoac dai hgc (dat ty le 98%, trfl tinh D i k Ndng chfla cd trfldng dai hgc, eao dang nao).
Va, 35/63 tinh cd them trfldng dai hgc mdi, trong dd: 23 tinh cd them 1 trfldng;
10 tinh cd them 2 - 3 trUdng; rieng Thanh
phd Hd Cbi Minb cd them 18 trfldng dai hgc va Ha Ndi (md rdng) ed them 23 trfldng, chiem ty le 43% sd trfldng dai hgc thanh lap mdi va nang ca'p(2).
Tfl quy md nhfl tren chung ta ed the khang dinh, cdng tac xa hdi hoa giao due ngay cang dfldc day manh, ngudn Iflc trong xa hdi d i u tfl cho giao due dfldc huy ddng ngay cang nhieu. Sfl phan bd' cae cd sd giao due dai hgc da dan rdng khap tren pham vi ca nfldc. Dieu nay la bet sflc quan trgng trong viec dao tao ngudn nhan Iflc tai chd ed chat Ifldng nham dap flng yeu d u eua sfl nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ciia tflng dia phfldng va ca nfldc. Tuy nhien, sfl phat trien nhfl tren dang chfla dflng nhieu bat dn:
Thd nhdt, sfl phan bo' nhfl the se khd de ed dieu kien xay dflng mgt trfldng dai hgc dat dang cap khu viic va quoc te. Hien nay, d nfldc ta eac dai hgc ldn van chfla dfldc dflng trong bang xep hang 200 trfldng dai hgc top d i u chau A, trong khi nhieu trfldng dai hgc cua cac nfldc lang gieng nhfl Philippin, Indonesia da cd mat. Dac biet, Trfldng Dai hgc Chulalongkorn cua Thai Lan cdn dfldc xe'p trong danh sach 200 dai hgc bang d i u the gidi. Chinh dieu nay dat ra nhflng cau hdi ldn eho chie'n Iflde giao due dai hgc Viet Nam hien nay. Sfl tut hau cua chung ta trong linb •vfle nay la mgt thflc te dang budn. Song, khdng phai •vi the ma chung ta non ndng dat ra nhutng mue tieu khdng tfldng. Tren thflc te, dd dat den dinh cao trong hgc thuat d n cd mgt qua trinh lau dai. Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da khang dinh: vi ldi ich tram nam phai trdng ngfldi. Nen chang, ehung ta phai
(2) Theo Bao cao cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao So' 760 /BC-BGDDT, ngay 29/10/2009.
dat ra muc tieu trong tfldng lai gin la xay dflng dUdc md hinh dgi hgc nghien cdu vdi yeu d u cao ve nghien cflu, flng dung va chuyen giao cdng nghe, cung vdi nd la ddi ngu giang vien phai dat chuan. Theo Giao sfl Hoang Tuy, tren Tudi tre Online (ngay 25/10/2007): "... Cd le chi 15 - 20%
sd' tien si cd trinh do that sfl tfldng xflng vdi bang d p dd tren qud'c te. Tfldng tfl, cung chi 15 - 20%) so' giao sfl, phd giao sfl cd trinh do that sfl tfldng xflng. Cdn lai khdng chi thip, ma ed den bdn mdt p h i n ba t h i p den te hai, nhieu ngfldi khdng dflng ndi trong pham trfl "day dai bgc", du d mflc tha'p. R i t nhieu tien si cua ta trinh do khdng hdn gi cii nhan d cac nfldc, r i t ddng phd giao sfl cua ta khdng so sanh ndi vdi trd giang mdi ra trfldng cua hg".
Thd hai, sfl phan bd' chfla hdp ly dgi ngu giang vien cd trinh do chuyen mdn eao. Hien nay, trong sd' 25 - 30% giao sfl va phd giao sfl tren tdng sd' dang triic tiep giang day tai cac trfldng dai bgc va cao dang, tbi tap trung chu yeu van d mdt sd' trfldng dai hgc ldn tai Ha Ndi va thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Trong td'ng sd 376 trfldng dai hgc va cao dang cua ca nfldc, cd rat nhieu trfldng dai hgc chfla cd giao sfl, tham chi la phd giao sfl ed hflu, trong khi dd cd khoa ciia mgt trfldng dai hgc d Ha Ndi cd tdi bdn 10 giao sfl. Dd'i vdi tien si va tien si khoa hgc, sfl tap trung d hai vung Ddng blng sdng Hdng (chu yeu la Ha Ndi) va Ddng Nam Bd (chu yeu la tbanh phd' Hd Chi Minh) g i n nhfl la tuyet dd'i (khoang 88,7%), trong dd Ddng blng sdng Hdng la 68,1% va Ddng Nam Bd la 20,6%.
Chinh sfl mat can dd'i nay da gay nen sfl chenh lech ve trinh do dao tao, sfl cue bd dia phUdng lam anh hfldng khdng nhd den cdng tac nghien cflu khoa hgc gifla cac
trfldng dai bgc va ddi ngu can bd khoa hgc trong ca nfldc. Khdng chi ed sfl b i t cap trong phan bd' dgi ngu cac nha khoa hgc cd trinh do cao, ma ngay d sfl phat trien ddi ngu giang •vien so vdi td'c do gia tang sinh
•vien cung cd sfl m i t can dd'i. Chang ban, nam 1987, mgt giang "vien dai hgc, cao dang dao tao binh quan 6,6 sinh •vien, den nam 2009 mgt giang "vien dai hgc, cao dang dao tao binh quan 28 sinh •vien. Sau 22 nam, so' sinh •vien tang 13 lln, so' trfldng dai hgc, cao dang tang 3,7 lln, nhflng so' giang •vien chi tang 3 lln. Nam 1987 ty le giang vien cd trinh do tien si la 10,09%, nam 2009 la 10,16%. Trong nhflng, nam vfla qua, so' Ifldng giang •vien tai cac trfldng dai hgc va eao dang trong ea nfldc da tang len dang ke, nhflng van chfla the tfldng flng vdi sfl phat trien ve quy md dao tao. So' giang •vien dai hgc, cao dang da tang tfl 20.112 ngfldi nam 1997 len 61.190 ngfldi nam 2009 (gap 3 lln), so'giang -vien cd trinh do tie'n si tang tfl 2.041 ngfldi len 6.217 ngfldi (gap 3 lln), so' giang •vien cd trinh do thac si tang tfl 3.802 ngfldi len 24.831 ngfldi (gap 6 lan), so' giang •vien la giao sfl, phd giao sfl tang tfl 526 ngfldi len 2.286 ngfldi (gap 4,5 lan)(3).
Thd ba, chinh sfl phan bd' neu tren d i n den viec quan ly hanh ehinh nha nfldc dd'i vdi cac trfldng dai hgc, cao dang phan tan, long leo, kem hieu qua. Trong tdng so' 376 trfldng dai hgc, cao dang ca nfldc bien nay, Bg Giao due va Dao tao ehi quan ly 54 trfldng (14,4%); cdn lai cac Bd, nganh va Uy ban nhan dan cac tinb, thanh phd'quan ly 241 trfldng (64,1%); va cd 81 trfldng dan lap, tfl thuc (21,5%)(4).
(3), (4) Bao cao cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao, So':
760 /BC-BGDDT, ngay 29/10/2009.
45
LE HUU Al,
LAM B A HOATfl sfl bat cap cua viec gia tang quy md nhfl da neu, ed mgt thflc te budc ehung t a ' phai thfla nhan la, so' Ifldng sinh vien hang nam d nfldc ta tang nhflng c h i t Ifldng lai cd xu hfldng giam, chfla thflc sfl dap flng dfldc yeu d u cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda. Nam 2005, ty le sinh vien vao dai hgc d nfldc ta la 16%, trong khi con so' nay d Trung Qudc la 17%, Indonesia 19%, Thai Lan 43%. Hien nay, quy md dao tao dai hgc, cao dang tang dan qua eac nam, ty le sinh vien/1 van dan cung tang, nam 1997 la 80 sinh vien/1 van dan, nam 2006 la 166,5 sinh vien/1 van dan, nam 2009 la 195 sinh vien/1 van dan, de'n nam 2010 cd the dat 200 sinh vien/1 van dan theo dung dinh hfldng Nghi quyet sd' 14 cua Chinh phu va Quyet dinh sd' 121 eua Thu tfldng Chinh phu. Neu so vdi cac nfldc, thi ty le sinh vien/1 van dan cua Viet Nam edn rat tha'p: nam 2005 Thai Lan cd 374 sinh
•vien/lvan dan; Cbi Le ed 407 sinh vien/1 van dan, Nhat Ban cd 316 sinh vien/1 van dan, Phap cd 359 sinh vien/1 van dan, Anh cd 380 sinh vien/1 van dan, Ue cd 504 sinh vien/1 van dan. My cd 576 sinh
•vien/1 van dan va Han Qud'c cd 674 sinh vien/1 van dan(5). Can cfl vao cae sd' lieu bien cd eua To chflc Giao due, Khoa hgc va Van hda Lien hdp qud'c (UNESCO) thi van de ed ban trong tdc do phat trien cua giao due Viet Nam la sfl tri tre cua ty le theo hgc dai hgc. Theo Global Education Digest nam 2006 thi sfl ky vgng ddi sd'ng hgc dfldng dai hgc, tflc la sd nam hoc trung binh ma mdt thanh nien tudi 17 ed the hy vgng theo bgc trong trfldng dai hgc trfldc khi bfldc vao lao dgng trong giai doan tfl 1999 de'n 2004, tren the gidi da
tang tfl 0,9 nam len 1,1 nam; Ddng A tfl 0,7 nam len 1,0 nam; Trung Qudc tfl 0,3 nam len 1,0 nam; Thai Lan tfl 1,6 nam len 2,1 nam;... rieng Viet Nam van dflng nguyen d con sd 0,5 nam. Nhfl vay, thflc te la ngudn nhan Iflc cd chat Ifldng cao d Viet Nam hien nay v i n chfla dap flng dfldc ca ve so' Ifldng va chat Ifldng.
Thd tu, chat Ifldng giao due dai bgc cdn nhieu bat cap. Theo danh gia cua nhieu chuyen gia trong va ngoai nfldc, cac trfldng dai hgc Viet Nam chfla dao tao dfldc lute Ifldng lao dgng cd trinh do chuyen mon cao tfldng flng vdi nhip do tang trfldng kinh te va hgi nhap qud'c te.
Nhieu cugc dieu tra, tham dd g i n day cho thay, cd khoang 50% sinh vien td't nghiep dai hgc d Viet Nam khdng tim dfldc vi§c lam dung chuyen mon, bang chflng dd phan anh sfl thie'u lien ket nghiem trgng gifla dao tao va nhu e l u cua thi trfldng. Chfldng trinh dai hgc cua nfldc ta cdn nang ve ly thuyet. Cd the neu mgt dan chflng nhfl viec Intel tuyen ky sfl cho cd sd san xuat eua hg d t b a n h phd Hd Chi Minh. Khi cdng ty nay thflc hien mdt cugc kiem tra danh gia theo tieu chuan vdi 2.000 sinh vien Cdng nghe thdng tin Viet Nam, chi cd 90 flng cfl vien, nghia la 5%, vfldt qua cudc kiem tra, va trong nhdm nay, ehi cd 40 ngfldi cd dii trinh do tieng Anh dat yeu e l u tuyen dung. Intel xae nhan r i n g day la ket qua te n h a t ma hg tflng gap d nhflng nfldc ma hg d i u tfl(6).
Cac nha d i u tfl Viet Nam va qude te cung cho ring, viec thieu cac cdng nhan
(5) Bao Thanh Nien, ngay 20-10-2009, tr.6.
(6) http://www.tin247.com. ngay 09-06-2008.
va quan ly cd ky nang la can trd ldn n h i t ddi vdi -viec md rdng san xuat. Chat Ifldng ngheo nan eua giao due dai hgc cdn cd mdt ngu y khac: dd'i lap vdi nhflng ngfldi cung the he d An Do va Trung Qude, ngfldi Viet Nam thfldng khdng the canh tranh dfldc de Igt qua nhflng khe ciia hep cua cac chfldng trinh dai bgc eao d p d My va chau Au. Thflc te eho thay, hien nay, tbanh nien, sinh •vien d nfldc ta cdn trong tinh trang tut hau r i t xa so vdi thanh ni§n cac nfldc tien tien trong khu vfle va tren the gidi ve trinh do chuyen mdn, ngoai ngfl, tin hgc,.... Theo Bao Tudi tre, ngay 02 -10 -2003, chi tieu danh gia ve tri tue, trinh do ngoai ngfl, kha nang thich flng vdi dieu kien tie'p nhan khoa hgc va cdng nghe cua thanh nien Viet Nam, dinh gia theo thang diem 10 cua khu •viic khie'n chung ta phai giat minh: tri tue 2,3/10; ngoai ngfl 2,5/10; kha nang thich flng 2/10. Day la ehi so' dang budn. Theo Ngan hang The gidi, chi so' chat Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc cua Viet Nam rat t h i p , dat 3,79/10, dflng thfl 11/12 qude gia va vung lanh thd dfldc xe'p hang d chau A.
Chinh sfl bat cap neu tren cua he thd'ng giao due ndi ehung va giao due dai hgc ndi rieng da lam eho chat Ifldng giao due dai bgc tha'p, hieu qua s^ dung va nang Iflc canh tranh cua ngudn Iflc khong cao.
Thd ndm, chfla g i n nghien cflu khoa hoc cua cac trfldng dai hgc vdi boat dgng san xuat kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep.
Cach day hdn 10 nam, nhan thflc dfldc t i m quan trgng eua md'i quan he nay, Dang va Nha nfldc ta da neu len ehu trfldng, "eac trfldng dai hgc •vfla la cd sd dao tao •vfla la ed sd nghien cflu flng dung khoa hgc va cong nghe" nhflng cho den
nay, dfldng nhfl quan diem dd van chi dfldc xem la chd trUdng chung, chfla dfldc eu the hda thanh nhflng chinh sach cu the, trach nhiem va quyen ldi gifla cae cd sd dao tao va ddn vi sit dung lao dgng, gifla trfldng dai bgc va doanh nghiep.
Chung ta biet r i n g , nghien cflu khoa bgc la sflc sd'ng eua mgt trfldng dai bgc.
Dd la tieu chi ma bat ky trfldng dai hgc nao tren the gidi eung phai tuan thu va lay dd lam phfldng eham hanh ddng. G i n nhfl t i t ca cac tbanh tiiu ve nghien cflu khoa hgc, cac tie'n bg cdng nghe ap dung trong san xuat deu x u i t phat tfl mdi trfldng nay. Tuy nhien, boat dgng nghien cflu trien khai eua cae ed sd giao due dai bgc phai tinh de'n hieu qua kinh te va x u i t phat tfl nhu d u cua doanh nghiep.
Ddng thdi, Nha nfldc phai tao dieu kien de doanh nghiep nghien cflu trien khai cac thanh tiiu khoa hgc vao q u i thflc te san xuat. Trong nhflng nam qua, hieu qua nghien cflu cua cae trfldng dai hgc trong ca nfldc chfla thflc sfl dap flng dfldc yeu d u eua cac doanh nghiep va sfl d i u tfl ciia Nha nfldc. Theo Bao eao eua Bd Giao due va Dao tao, ngan sach Nha nfldc d p cho cac trfldng dai hgc thflc hien nhiem vu khoa hgc va cdng nghe tang b l n g nam (nam 2006: hdn 259,5 ty, nam 2008: hdn 264 ty ddng). Tuy nhien, ngudn thu tfl boat dgng khoa hgc va cdng nghe cua cac trfldng dai hgc tfl nam 2006 de'n nam 2008 cdn r a t thap, ehi chiem 3,92% trong tdng ngudn tai chinh cua cac trfldng dai hgc. Thflc te van chfla cd mdt tho'ng ke nao danh gia cu the ty le cac de tai nghien cflu dfldc dfla vao ap dung, nhflng theo cac chuyen gia nhan dinh, cd khoang 60% ket qua nghien cflu
47
LE HUU AI, LAM BA HOA
khoa bgc dfldc dfla vao flng dung, nghia la cdn 40% ke't qua nghien cflu phai
"trum men". Cac nha khoa hgc khong bie't gidi san xuat dang d n gi d hg, cdn cac doanh nghiep eung chang hieu cong nghe minh d n trong nfldc da cd hay chfla va khdng the chu ddng dfla ra yeu d u cua minh. Hau qua la doanh nghiep tim de'n vdi cdng nghe nfldc ngoai, nha khoa hgc nghien cflu theo sd thich va chuyen ke't qua nghien cflu "trum men"
chang ed gi la khd hieu.
3. Tfl thflc trang tren, chiing toi manh dan dfla ra cae giai phap nham nang eao vai trd cua giao due dai hgc trong phat trien kinh tecua nfldc ta hien nay.
Thd nhdt, xdy diing mdt chien lUdc vd triet ly gido due rieng. Hien nay, tren the gidi cd ba md hinh giao due dai hgc ldn d n phai tham khao trong qua trinh xay dflng chien Iflde giao due dai bgc d Viet Nam: mdt la, md hinh kieu Dflc la ndi tgo diing vd phd bien tri thdc; hai la, md hinh kieu Phap la ndi ddo tgo ngUdi lao ddng cd chdt lUdng cao dap flng nhu d u eua phat trien ya sut dung ngudn nhan Iflc; ba la, md hinh kieu My la tdi luyen bdn linh sd'ng cho tdng ldp tre, tdn trgng sii phdt trien nhdn cdch cd nhdn, trung thiic, khdng ngdng ddi mdi. Theo chung tdi, mdi mgt md hinh tren deu cd nhflng mat tich cflc cd the ap dung, nhflng hoan toan khdng the rap khudn may mdc khi tao dflng triet ly cho giao due dai hgc hien nay. Nen chang, nen giao due dai bgc d Viet Nam d n hfldng tdi -viec phd bien, dng dung vd Men thiic hda cdc tri thdc khoa hoc, rut ngan khoang each "dp chenh vi chdt lUdn^\
Thd hai, cd cdu lgi ngdnh hgc cho phd
hdp vdi yeu cdu cda thiic tien phdt trien cda ddt nudc. Hien nay, cd d u trinh do, ed d u nganh nghe, ed d u •vung mi§n dang cd sfl m i t can ddi. Viec tang quy mo dao tao hien v i n chu ye'u diln ra d bac dai hgc; so' hgc sinh, sinh •vien theo hgc cae nganh ky thuat, cdng nghe d bac eao dang va trung hgc chuyen nghiep cdn t h i p va tang eham. Dfldng nhfl trong nhflng nam qua chung ta chi chu trgng vao nhflng nganh hgc cd vd'n dau tfl it, thu ldi nhuan cao, chang ban Luat, Kinb te, Ngoai ngfl, Cdng nghe thdng tin..., ma chfla thflc sfl d i u tfl thich dang vao nhdm cac nganh khoa bgc cd ban, ky thuat cdng nghe cao. De hfldng tdi mgt nen giao due ben •vflng, chung ta phai cd mgt chien Ifldc dai ban, d i u tfl cd trgng diem vao nhflng nganh khoa bgc, cong nghe mui nhgn, ddng thdi phai biet liia chgn va thu hut dfldc nhflng sinh vien flu tu, ap dung nhflng chfldng trinh tien tien cua the gidi vao giang day de dat hieu qua eao. Chi cd nhfl vay, chung ta mdi thflc sfl "di tdt, ddn ddu" va theo kip dfldc vdi sfl phat trien cua khoa hgc - cdng nghe tien tien hien nay.
Thd ba, cdi cdch hdnh chinh vd trao quyin tU chd cho cdc trUdng dgi hgc. Doi mdi tfl duy giao due dai hgc trong quan ly nha nfldc de tien de'n trao quyen tfl ehu, g i n vdi tfl chiu trach nhiem cao ciia cac trfldng dai hoc chinh la dgng Iflc cua phat trien. Dd la yeu d u ta't ye'u tfl chinh d c trfldng dai hgc trong ea nfldc hien nay, nhfl quyen tfl chu tai chinh, nhan sfl, cdng tac tuyen sinh va nhat la xay dflng chfldng trinh. Bdi, vdi chu trfldng "dao tao theo nhu d u " thi viee xay dflng chfldng trinh phai xuat phat tfl nhu cau cua xa
hdi. Cbi ed nhfl vay, cac trfldng dai hgc mdi cd the tfl quyet dinh trong d i u tfl ed sd vat chat va chuyen mdn boa sau ve linh vfle dao tao cua minh. Che do tuye'n dung, dai ngd, de bat cua eac cd sd dao tao dai hgc phai dfla tren nang Iflc va hieu qua cdng viec eua tflng d nhan.
Chit Ifldng dao tao eua eac trfldng dai hgc la mgt tieu chi dang tin cay cho mflc do phat trien ciia nen kinh te. Hien nay, cac trfldng dai hgc ciia Viet Nam chfla dap flng nhu d u dao tao ngudn nhan Iflc ed chit Ifldng cao va chfla cd mgt trfldng dai hgc nao dfldc cac td chflc kiem dinh qud'c te thfla nhan. Ne'u nhfl khdng cd cac bien phap d p thiet de cai each giao due dai hgc thi nfldc ta khd cd the dat dfldc cac muc tieu da de ra cho sfl nghiep cdng nghiep boa, hien dai boa dat nfldc.
Thd tu, thiic Men ddng bp vd nghiem chinh cdng tae kiem dinh chdt lUdng dgi hoc. Da gan 3 nam qua, tfl kbi Bg Giao due va Dao tao ed chu trfldng huge d c cd sd dao tao bac dai hgc, cao dang phai cdng bd' chuan d i u ra, nhfl ngfldi hgc hieu biet gi, cd ky nang gi, ed nang Iflc hanh vi nhfl the nao, ed the dam dfldng dfldc cdng •viec gi trong xa hgi?... Nhflng cho de'n nay van chfla cd mdt trfldng dai hgc, eao dang nao thda man dfldc bg tieu chi tren. Vi vay, chung ta chfla cd dii cd sd de danh gia chat Ifldng giao due cua cac trfldng mdt each khach quan, toan dien.
Tfl thflc te tren cho t h i y , •viec thiet lap bg tieu c h u i n c h i t Ifldng trUdng dai hgc va thflc hien nd la mgt yeu elu bat huge dd'i vdi giao due dai bgc Viet Nam hien nay. Bdi nd ehinh la ed sd de danh gia kiem dinh chat Ifldng cua mgt trfldng dai
bgc Men dai. Cd dfldc mgt bd tieu chuan c h i t Ifldng minh bach d§ quan ly cac trUdng dai hgc thiic sii la mgt budc dot pha trong tien trinh phat trien eiia giao due dai hgc Vi§t Nam.
Thd ndm, kien quyet ngdng cdc cd sd ddo tgo dgi hgc khdng dgt chudn. Trong nhflng nam g i n day, do xuat phat tfl mong mud'n ehu quan la phat trien dai hoc n h i m dap flng nhu d u ngudn nhan Iflc cho sfl nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, song sfl md rdng qua nhanh quy md dao tao lai khdng di lien vdi viec dam bao c h i t Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc. Cd nhflng trfldng dai hgc khi cd quye't dinh thanh lap va b i t d i u di vao dao tao nhflng cd sd vat chat lai chfla dap flng yeu e l u td'i thieu cua mgt ed sd dao tao dai hgc nhfl bao chi da neu trong thdi gian vfla qua.
Nhfl vay, hien tfldng md trfldng tran lan, nhflng dieu kien vat chat khdng dfldc dam bao, ddi ngu giang •vien vfla thie'u,
•vfla yeu cung la mgt nguyen nhan khien chat Ifldng dao tao dai hgc d nfldc ta ngay cang giam sut.
Sfl phat trien va thinh vfldng eua mdi qude gia hien nay phu thugc triic tiep vao quy md va chat Ifldng cua giao due dai hgc. H i u bet eac qud'c gia ed thu nhap thap va dang phat trien hien nay dang dflng trfldc r i t nhieu nguy cd, trong dd ed nguy ed tut hau xa hdn ve giao due dai hgc so vdi nhdm cae nfldc phat trien.
Trach nhiem nay dat tren vai cac nha hoach dinh chien Iflde giao due dai bgc.
Giao due dai hgc Viet Nam phai thflc sfl gdp p h i n thflc hien muc tieu ddn gidu, nUdc mgnh, xd hpi cdng bdng, ddn chd, vdn minh. Q
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