Quanly Tai nguyen rilng & Moi tn/dng
>/THANH P H A N L O A I V A D A C B I E M SESH V A T H O C CO BAN CUA SAU HAI CAY CANH THUOC CHI FICUS TAI KHU VUC XUAN MAI
Nguyen The Nha'
T O M T A T
Sau haj cay t h u ^ cfai Ficus bao gdm 13 loai thuoc 10 hp, 6 bd con tning, tn>ng d6 da s6 sSu hai thu$c bp C^nh viy (5 hQ, 7 lo&i). Cd 3 hinh thiic hai chinh la an ia, hiit dich la va hai [^ trong dd nhdm fin Id chi£m ty le ldn gom 07 loai (53,85%), nhdm hut dich gdm 4 loai (chi€m 30,77%). Cac Ioai chinh gSy hai tren cay thudc chi Ficus l i 3 lodi bd tri (Gynaikolhrips ficorwn (Marchal), Gynailiolfvips uzeli (Zimmerman 1900), Androthrips ramachandrai Karay), Rep trtng {Singhielia simplex (Smgh)), hai loai budm ddm (Euploea amymone. E. mulciber), Ngfii ddm dd iPhauda JIammans Walker) vfi Ong gSy mun lfi (Josephiella microcarpae). Quan ly tdng hop (IPM) sau hai cay thupc chi Ficus
bao gom; Gifim sfit sfiu h^i dua vfio trigu chihig the hi§n tien la bi hai vfi t i p tinh cua sau; Bien phfip thu bfit fip d(uig cho tfit ca cfic Ioai sau hai, bien phfip vdng dinh fip dung cho ngai ddm dd; Cfit bd bd phan bj hai, cfit tia cfiy, v^ sinh;
Bfio ve vfi sii dung thien dich hofic tiiudc sinh hpc; Khi mat dp sau hai cao cd the sir dung mdt s6 loai thudc hda hpc nhdm neonicotinoid, pyrethroid hofic tbudc thfic mdc.
Tfr khda.- Bf trf sanh, Bu^m ddm, Euploea spp, Gynaikothrips spp, IVgii Mm t hfi cht Ficus.
i,, Phauda Flammans, S&u
I. Bi^T VAN Dfc
Cay canh thudc chi Ficus bao g6in Si, Sanh, Sung, da... la nhdm cay kha phd bi6n dtrgc trong ducri dang cay b6ng mat, cay canh quan, cay cinh trong nhd, cay bon sai... Mac dil dugc trdng chi ySu duoi dang phan tan, dugc cham sdc thucmg xuyen nhtmg cac cay thudc chi Ficus nay vin thuong cd nhiSu loai sau b?nh hji. Nghien cuu vd sau benh hai cay thugc chi Ficus dugc thuc hien d nhidu nudc tren thd gidi nhu Trung Qudc, Thai Lan va ngay d cac nudc phucmg tay noi ma cay thugc chi Ficus khdng phai la cSy ban dia. Nhdm sau hjii chti ydu va phd bidn la sau hai la, trong do cd cac loai hiit dich, an la va gay mun l i Ba sd bi?n phap phdng trii dugc khuydn cao la cac bidn phap thugc nhdm bien phap vat Iy cg gidi va bidn phap sinh hgc. Cac bidn phap phdng tiu doi voi cay canh phai dugc thuc hien sdm va an toan ddi vgi mdi truong do vay viec nhan biet nhanh, hieu rd dac didm sinh hgc ciia cac loai sau hji chii yeu la rit c&i thiet
0 Viet Nam tren cay canh thudc chi Ficus 'PGS. TS. Trirtmg Bai hpc Um Dghi(p
cd nhieu loai sau hat thudc nhdm an li, hiit dich, due than (TrSn Van MSo, 2002). Tuy nhien mdi cd rat it nghien ctiu v^ thanh phin loai sau hai cay canh thugc chi Ficus cOng nhu cac bidn phap phdng chdng chiing d nudc ta.
Nghien ctiu dugc thuc hi|n nhim cung dp nhiing thdng tin co ban vd cac loai siu hai cay canh thugc chi Ficus, dua ra dd xuit bifn phap phdng hir chung, qua dd gdp phin bao vS nhdm cay canh nay mdt cich hidu qua.
n. NOI DUNG, PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN Cftj 2.1. Noi dung nghien cmi
1. Nghien Cliu xic dinh thanh phin loai sau hai cay canh thugc chi Ficus.
2. Nghien ctju mgt sd dac didm sinh hgc CO ban cua cac loai sau hai chinh.
3. De xuit bidn phap phdng trir sau hai cay canh thugc chi Ficus.
2.2. Phirong phap nghidn citu
Phuangphdp ki thiia: Ke thijra cac sd lieu ve die didm khu vuc nghien ctiu, cac ket qua nghien ctiu dinh lo^i sau hai, mgt s6 thdng tin vd dac diem sinh hgc cua sau hai.
T ^ CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHi: LAM NGHIfiP S 6 1 - 2012
Quan ly Tai nguyen rOhg & Moi tntdng Phuang phdp dieu tra sdu hgi: Ti6n hanh lira chpn 60 cSy c^nh thuoc chi Ficus co d\h\x kien song khdc nhau: 30 cay bong mat trdng trong khuon vien tnrcmg Dai hoc Lam nghiep va thi tran Xuan Mai, 30 cay trdng trong nha.
Til thang 10/2011 d^n thang 03/2012, mdi thang dieu tra 1-2 Ian theo phirong p h ^ didu tra cay tifiu chuan. Tien hanh thu thap cac mau sau hai la, than canh, sau hiit dich de xac dinh thanh phan loai.
Mat dp sSu h^i va ty le cty co sau, miic d6 gay hgi ciia s3u dupre tfnh theo phucfng phap cua tai lieu: Nguyin Thi Nha, Txhi Cong Loanh, 2001, ""Biiu tra, die tinh, du bdo sau benh trong ldm nghiep", giao trinh Tnicmg Dai hpc Lim nghi$p.
Phucmg phdp gidm dinh: Dua theo mau chnlmcua Bp mdn Bao vp thuc vat rimg va tai lieu cua Yang Ziqi, 2001.
Phuang pimp nghien cuu dgc diim sinh vgt hoc cua sdu hgi vd de xudt bien phdp phdng trie chung: Tdng hpp s6 lieu, phan tfch kfit qua
dieu tra kfit hpp vcri phuong phap nudi sau hai va quan sat tap tinh cua chiing.
IIL KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU 3.1. Tinh hinh sau hai cay thudc chi Ficus trong khu vyc nghien cihi
Cay thupc chi Ficus hien nay dupc trdng nhieu a nuoc ta bao gom: Sung {Ficus racemosa, ddng nghia Ficus glomerata Roxb:, 1802), Sanh {Ficus benjamina, Ficus indica L., Ficus retusa,). Si {Ficus stricta), Va {Ficus auriculala, Ficus carica), Da long {Ficus drupacea), Gua {Ficus microcarpa), Trau c6 {Ficus pumila), Dfi {Ficus religiosa) v.v.
3.1.1. Thdnh phan lodi sdu hgi cdy thupc cki Ficus
Da phat hien dupc 13 loai sau hai cay thupc chi Ficus trong khu vuc nghien cuu, chiing thudc 10 hp, 6 bp cdn trung. So lupng loM sau hai khdng nhifiu nhung kha da d?ng vfi mat phan logi va phuong thurc gdy hgi.
Bang 01: Dank sack cdc lodi sdu kgi cdy thupc cbi Ficus TT
BI HI
1 2 3 BU
H2 4
BUI H3 5 6 H4
7 H5
g
Ten Viet Nam BO CANH T O U f Bg t n 6ng Bg trt sanh Bg tiT 6ng Bg tri dng dui gai BO CANH Dfiu Hg R^p phan Rdp tring BO CANH VAY Hg Budm d^m Budm ddm cinh tim Budm cinh xanh tim Hg Birdrm g i i p Budm b i n do Hg Ngii d$c Sau rdm
Ten Khoa hgc THYSANOPTERA Phlaeothripidae
Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmerman) Androthrips ramachandrai Kamy HOMOPTERA
Aleyrodidae Singhielia simplex (Singh)
LEPIDOPTERA Danaidae
Euploea amymone (Godart) Euploea mulciber (Cramer) Nymphalidae
Cyrestis thyodamas Boisduval Lymantriidae
Peritta nuda Fabricius
Tac h^i
Hiit dich Hut dich Hilt dich
Hiit djch
A n i i A n l i A n i i A n l i
Cay chii
Sanh Sanh Sanh, Si
Sung, Sanh, Giia,
Sung, Si Sung, Si Sung Da, si TAP CHf KHOA HQC vA CONG NGH? LAM NGHIfP S 6 1 - 2012 49
Quan ly Tai nguyen ring & Moi trt/dng H6
9 H7
10 BIV
H8 11 BV H9 12 BVl HIO 13
Ho Tam nha Tam trang xam Hp Ngai dom Ngai ddm do BO CANH CITNG Hp Bo hung Bp hung nau Ion BO CANH MANG Hp Ong mun cay sang Ong gay mun la BO HAI CANH Hp Rudi mun cay Rudi mun cay
Bobycidae
Ocinara varians Walker Zygaenidae
Phauda flammans Walker COLEOPTERA Scarabaeidae
Holotrichia sinensis Hope HYMENOPTERA Agaonidae
Josephiella microcarpae Beardsley
& Rasplus DIPTERA Cecidomyiidae Horidiplosis ficifolii Harris
An la Anl^
An la, rfi
Mun Id
Mun la Da si
Sung, da
Da Su da dang ciia sau hai cay thudc chi Ficus dirpc thfi hien ro hon trong bang 02.
Bdng 02: Thong ke so lodi sdu hgi cdy thupc chi Ficus tkeo bp^ kp TT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Bd THYSANOPTERA
HOMOPTERA LEPIDOPTERA COLEOPTERA HYMENOFHERA
DIPTERA
Sdhg 1 1 5 1 1 1 10
Ty Id % 10,00 10,00 50,00 10,00 10,00 10,00 100,00
Sd loai 3 1 6 1 1 1 13
Tyle%
23,08 7,69 46,15
7,69 7,69 7,69 100,00 Nhu vay da sd sau hai thudc bd Cinh viy,
cac bg cdn triing cdn lai chi cd 1 hg va 1-3 loii.
Tuy nhien thiet hai ldn la do mgt sd loai sau an Ii va cic loai hiit dich cay nhu bg tri gay ra vi chiing xuit hien thudng xuyen vdi sd lugng ldn va gay anh hudng xiu tdi sinh Hudng, phit tridn cua ciy hoic lam ciy bi xiu di.
Cd 2 hinh thiic hai chinh la in la va hiit dich la, trong dd nhdm in la chidm ty I? Ign gdm 07 loai (53,85%), nhdm hiit djch gdm 4 loai (30,77%). Cd mdt loii viia an li vua hai re la
Bg hung niu Idn.
3.1.2. Hi^n trgng sau hgi cdy Ihufc chi Ficus Irong khu vtfc nghien cm
Dd xac dinh ra Ioai siu h?i chinh can theo ddi su phat sinh cua chiing thdng qua m$t dg, ty Id ciy cd sau va mite dg giy hai. Trong thdi gian nghien ctru sau h^i ciy fhu$c chi Ficus cd mat do khdng cao, gay ra thift hai khdng ding kd. Tuy nhien cd the can cii vio hien trang sau diy ctia sau hai dd tim ra nhimg loii gay hai chinh.
50 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHfi LAM NGHIfP SO 1-2012
""""'^^B
Quan ly Tai nguyen rimg & Moi tmdng
Bang 03. Biin ddng mat do sdu hgi cdy thuoc chi Ficus (2011-2012)
Thing 10/10 11/10 01/11 02/11 Mat doTB
P%
R%
Bgtri sanh 12,09 11,71 13,21 13,54 12,64 87,75 10,25
Bgtri dng 10,41 8,43 6,47 9,78 8,77 61,75
6,50 Bgtn
dng dui gai 10,06 20,03 10,15 8,1 12,09 80,00 14,75
Rep tiing 0,06 0,07 0,11 0,1 0,09 10,25
5,00 Budm
ddm 1,06 1,23 1,34 1,4 1,26 20,00
7,25 Budm
ban dd 2,07 3,92 5,07 5,3 4,09 3,75 4,00
Sau rdm 0 0,01
0 0,01 0,01 0,50
-
Tam trang 0,1
0 1,01 0,08 0,30 0,75
-
Ngai ddm dd 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,9 0,40 15,25
-
Ong mun la 1,74 1,94 1,95 2,04 1,92 22,00
-
Co 3 loai sau hai la voi mgt dp tucmg doi cao \k ckc loai bp tiT, tuy nhien day cung chi la mat dp binh thu6ng doi voi loai sau hgi nay, sau hgi chua g^y ra nhiing thifit hai 16n.
Cac loai sau an la cay thupc chi Ficus c6 mat dp ikt thap nen chua thfi hien ro tac hgi cua chiing. Ba loai trong sd do voi mat dp tuorng ddi cao la hai loai Buom ddm va loai Buom bandd.
3.2. D^c diem sinh hpc cff ban cua sau hai cSy thupc chi Eicus va m$t so ky thu^t gi^m sdt phdng trir chung
3.2.1. Dgc diim ctf bdn cua mpt so lodi sdu kgi cdy tkupc cki Ficus
3.2.1.1. BQ trf sanh (Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal 1908))
Watson (1923) cho ring loai bp tri hai Sanh la Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmerman 1900).
Nhung tijr nam 1939 Priesner cho thiy G. uzeli
va G. ficorum (Marchal 1908) la 2 loai rifing biet. Dfin nay da sd nha khoa hpc cho rang bp tri hai Sanh la Ioai G. ficorum thupc bd Canh ta (Thysanoptera), hp Bp tri^ ong (Phlaeothripidae).
Bp tri sanh ficorum phan bd a khu virc nhifit ddi, bdt cii dau co trdng Sanh {F. retusa).
Chiing da duac phat hien 6 An-gifi-ri, Cd-Idm- bi-a, Cu ba, Dominica, Dai loan, E-cu-a-do, An dd, Gia va, Mfi hi cd, Ni-ca-ra-goa, Israel, Palestine, Thai lan, Tay ban nha, Viet nam, Trung Qudc...
Trung c6 dang hinh tru tron dau, mfim, mau tring trong sudt; au trung tudi 1 nho, mau trdng trong, nhin tii tren xudng co dang bau duo, tudi 2 mau tring trong, tuy nhien co dang gidng truong thanh hon, co thfi phan biet ro nguc vai bung. Au trung tudi cuoi c6 hinh dang va mau sac gi6ng nhu trucmg thanh. Ca tudi 1 va tudi 2 iu triii^ deu cd mat mau do. Au triing tudi cudi cd mau vang, c^c dot phia sau cd mau tdi.
Ben trdi: Nhifiu dgng khac nhau cua Bp tri: T n l ^ ^ ^ K c6 man den, au trung gan thanh thuc mau v ^ g , au trung tudi nho mau tringf^miglEd dang vien thudc con nhdng.
Bin pkdi: Thifiu tning, khac au trung va tien thieu Bung a mam canh dai, cd rau dau
T ^ CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1 - 2012 51
C:^^*«?" •«A4^v,,misL/^ f-:
Quan ly Tai nguyen ritng & Moi tnJdng Tien thieu triing va thieu trimg: Tien thifiu
triing trdng gidng au trung tudi 2 nhimg da co mim canh. Thieu triing cd mam canh dai, rau diu thuang dfi g ^ xudi phfa tren dau.
Tneang thanh: Kfch thudc 2,6 - 3,6nMn, co mau nau tdi dfin mau den. Tnrong thanh de tning lien tuc, co phan xa nhanh bang each bo hoac bay khi bi quay nhieu nhung thudng cu tni tren la hoac gan \k, day la loai hogt ddng mgnh khi trdi ndng.
Bp tri sanh mdt nam co 3-5 thfi he, mdi vdng ddi keo dai khoang 2-4 tuin. Cay chu ua thfch nhat ciia Bp tri sanh la loai Sanh {Ficus retusa), kfi dfin 1^ Gua {Ficus microcarpa).
Ngoai ra theo thong bao ciia Denmark (2005) cay chu cdn cd: F. axillaris, F. aurea, F.
benjamina, F. elastica, F. sp., Codiaeum variegatum, Melicocca bijuga, Nicotiana tabacum. Viburnum suspensum. Citrus sp va bach dan Eucalyptus (a Cuba)...
Tdc h^i: Trudng thanh hiit dich la non, mfim cd mau xanh nhat, tao ra cac vfit lom dd tia dpc theo gSn chfnh. Phien la bi cup lai la do su pha hai ciia nhieu dan bp tri non, phifin la bi chai Cling, dai, chuyen dan tir mau vang sang man nau vk bi rung khi gap thdi tifit cd mira gid. Cay bi hai khdng chit nhung lam anh hudng tdi ve d?p cua chiing, bp tri cd thfi gay khd chiu hoac cin ngudi nfiu chiing rod rung vao da.
Bi$n phdp pkdng trir.
Bien phdp sinh hgc: Dozier (1926) cho bifit cd hai loai bp xit hp Anthocoridae an thit bp tri sanh la Macrotracheliella laevis Champion va Cardiastethus rugicollis Champion. Trong thai gian nghifin ciiu chua phat hien thiy cac loai bp xit n^y.
Ngoai bp xit cd thfi su dung sau non hp Chrysopidae, bp xit mit to thupc hp
Lygaeidae, bp riia, bp tri an sau, ong ky sinh, ve bet bat mdi an thit va nam Verticillium ho5c thudc sinh hpc.
Bien phdp ky thugt canh tac: Thay the sanh bang cay khac neu thay can thiet. Do bp tri thuang chi tan cdng la mdi, con non ciia cay cdn nhd nfin can xiic tifin cham sdc dfi cay phat trifin nhanh.
Bien phdp hoa hoc: Cd the dimg mdt sd loai thudc hda hpc cd hogt chat sau ddy: L ^ hihi CO (Acephate), Pyrethroid (Bifenthrin, Cyfluthrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Permethrin), Neonicotinoid (Imidacloprid), thuoc thao mpc (Pyrethrins).
3.2.1.2. Bo tri ong dui gai (Androthrips ramachandrai Karny)
Day la loai thuOc bd Canh ta, hp Bp tri dng (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae).
Nhimg ghi chfip ve loai Bp tri dng dui gai cd tir nam 2002, d An Dp chiing xuit hien cung vdi loai A. cochinchinensis Kamy tren cay Calycopteris {=Getonia) floribunda (Combretaceae) (Kamy 1926).
Androthrips ramachandrai cd mau nau tdi den mau den. Dau cd mat mau den va ddi rau dau 8 dot, mau v ^ g nau. Canh trudc trong sudt, d giGa thu hep lgi vd cd tir 14 dfin 16 ldng cung.
Chan CO dot chau tru6c rit to, ddt di^ mau vdng, ddt dng chan giiia va chan sau mau nau, cd rat nhifiu gai d phfa trfin trong ddt bdn chaa Cuoi bung cd dang dng vdi nhifiu gai nhd.
3.2.1.3. Bo tri Sng (Gynailwthrips uzeli Zimmermann)
Trudng thanh mau nau, rau diu 8 ddt. Mep sau manh lung ngirc trudc cd 1 tiim long dai, canh trudc trong sudt, mep canh phing, cd 15 ldng cung.
Hinh 02: Bp tri dng {Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmermann) Tii trai sant?: Truong thanh due. sau non. td bo tri tren la non 52 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIf P S 6 1 - 2012
Quan ly Tai nguyen riihg & Moi tntdng 3.2.1.4. Rep trdng Singhielia simplex (Singh)
Rep trang lam cho la heo vdng rdi rung di.
Bieu hipn cay bj rung hfit la la trifiu chiing dgc tnmg cho Ioai sau hai nay. Cac loai cay bi hgi la Sanh {Ficus benjamina) vd mpt sd cay khac nhu F. altissima, F. bengalensis, F. aurea, F.
lyrata, F. maclellandii.
Khi tan la bi lay dpng trudng thdnh cd co nhd, mdu tring bay ra, trong gidng nhu budm dem rat nhd, cd than mdu vdng, canh trang mang van mau xam d giGa canh. Cac pha iu triing, tning cu tni a mdt dudi cua la. Tnrdc khi trudng thanh vG hda, au triing cd mau ndu vdng den mdu xanh nhgt, mit kep mau do. Mat dudi Id cd nhieu ddm vdi difim nhd mau tring la xdc cua iu triing tudi cudi.
Vdng ddi ciia rfip tring kfio dai trung binh khodng mOt tfadng. Tning dugc dfi d mgt dudi la, nd ra iu triing tudi 1, bd quanh la trudc khi bat dau dn. Tir liic ndy cho den khi tnrdng thanh, au trung khdng di chuyfin nfta. Au triing sdng dinh cu thudng cd dang biu dye, det vd cd hinh dgng dan gian. Au tning tudi nhd rit khd phdt hifin.
Bi^n phdp phdng trit: Trong t\r nhien Rep tring cd mpt so lodi thien dich nhu bp riia, ong ky sinh, su tii rpp... Can tien hdnh giam sat thudng xuyen vi phdt hi^n sdm se dl xir ly han nhifiu khi mgt dp sau da cao. Kiii cay bi rfip dupc cit tia cin bao bpc phan cdnh Id tia dfi trdnh sir lay Ian ciia rfip. Ngay cd khi van chuyfin canh Id nay di nai khac can bao phii xe tdi thgt tdt, bdi vi khi cit tia trfaig vd iu trung tudi I se ehfit nhimg du trimg tudi Id'n hon cd
thfi sdng sdt se tan cdng nhifiu cay khac. Thudc trii sdu cd thfi hieu qua cao ddi vdi cay thap, tuy nhifin phai chii y sau hai cu tni d mat dudi Id. Can phun lap lgi sau 7-10 ngay. Chpn cac Ioai thuoc khdng hoac it dpc hgi ddi vdi thifin dich. Thudc npi hip cd hieu qud tot va ldu ddi vi cd thfi dimg dudi dgng xu ly dat.
Xu ly khu vuc dit dudi tan cay vdi thudc trir sau nhdm neonicotinoid (chua hogt chit nhu: Clothianidin (ten thuong mai: Dantotsu 16 WSG, 0.5G, 20SC, 50WDG), Dinotefuran (Asinjapane 20WP)...), nfiu ldm diing thudc se cd tac dung phdng tni Rfip trdng 4-8 thang, tuy thudc vao kich ca cua cay. Sau khi xii ly 3 thdng cdn kiem tra xem lieu cd cdn iu triing rfip trang sdng sdt hay khdng. Khi do cd thfi phdi phun Ien tan cdy dfi xir ly cdc difim ndng cd sau hai hoac bd sung cho bipn phap xir Iy dat, chit y chpn cdc logi thudc diing cho phun vdo tan cay phii hpp. Vi du: Autopro 360SC, 750WP (chiia hogt chat flonicamid).
3.2.1.5. Buom dom (Euploea spp.) Bu&m d6m cdnh tim: Budm trudng thanh dai 27 - 30mm, sdi canh rdng 75 - 85mm. Thdn budm cd mdu den vdi nhifiu ddm tring, canh mdu den, khi duac anh sdng chifiu vao se thanh mau lam tfm Canh trudc cd hai hdng ddm tring d mep ngodi, d giiia cd ddm nhung khdng rd, budng cdnh mgch R va budng canh mgch M cd 2 dom trang rd net. Mat sau ciia cd hai cdnh dfiu cd 5 ddm tring. CJ gin mgch Cu cua budm due cd mpt dai ddm dai, budm due cd 2 tiim ldng ban chdi mdu vang dimg dfi tiet pheromon d phfa cudi bung.
Hinh 03: Budm d6m cdnk tim (Euploea core amymone (Godart), 1819)) TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|: LAM NGffl£P SO 1 - 2012 53
Quan ly Tai nguyen ntng & Moi tntdng Budm d&m cdnk xanh tim Euploea
mulciber (Cramer), tfin khdc: Budm ddm xanh ldn, ten tifing Anh: The Striped Blue Crow.
Sai cdnh: 90-lOOmm. Con due va cai cd hinh thdi hoi khdc nhau. Mat trfin canh trudc cua con due cd man den, tir budng giua cdnh trudc ra phia mep ngoai cd mau tfm dng anh vdi cac chim trang xep khdi^ theo hang ldi, mat dudi cdnh sau cd mdt hang chdm nhd chay dpc theo mep ngodi. Budm cai cd mat tren canh trudc tuong tu con due, nhung cd dfim trang ldn han, cdnh sau cd nen den vdi spc vach tring hudng vdo gdc canh, vifin cdnh cd mdt hang chim.
Sinh hpc sinh thdi cda buom ddm:
Budm cai de fining trfin cac lodi cay cd nhua dpc thupc hp Thien ly (Asclepiadaceae), hp Dau tam (Moraceae). Noi d cua loai £ mulciber ciing gidng nhu nhieu Ioai budm ddm khdc. Chiing thudng hut mat tii nhiing cay thudc chi Xen, Thanh quan va Bdng di. Cd thfi gap lodi ndy vdo tat ca thai gian trong nam.
Sau non an la cay Sung (Ficus racemose), Tien qua (hp Thien Iy) va ddi khi gap trfin cay Tnic ddo (hp Tnic ddo).
Tuong tu nhu loai E. core amymone, nhung E. mulciber cd mau sac sac sd va h ^ ddn hon, nhdt Id khi chiing bay cd mdu xanh tfm ldp loang dudi dnh nang. Mdc du sau non an la nhung thifit hgi do chiing gay ra khdng dang kfi.
Hinh 05: Nhdng budm dom (Euploea spp.) 3.2.1.6. Buom bdn dd thuang (Cyrestis
thyodamas (Boisduval))
Budm bdn dd thudng thudc ho Budm giap (Nymphalidae), bd Cdnh viy (Lepidoptera).
Hinh 06: Budm bdn OS thu&ng (Cyrestis thyodamas (Boisduval)
54 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO I - 2012
Quan ly Tai nguyen rithg & Moi tntdng Phdn bd: Phdn bd rat rdng tii Ddng Ap-ga- nix-tan dfin Nam Trung Qudc va Nhgt Bdn, phfa Nam qua Miamna va Thai Lan dfin Ddng Ducmg, San-da-lan va Tdn Ghi-ne. Gap khip noi d Viet Nam. Nhung khd hifim. Phdn bfi d mpi mdi trudng d dp cao dudi 1.200m.
Dgc difim nhan dgng: Cyrestis la gidng budm cd mdu nfin sdng (thudng Id mau tring hoge trang vang) cdnh cd cac dudng van chi sgm mdu, phfii hpp vdi mgch cdnh chgy gin nhu vudng gdc tgo thanh nhieu d nhang nhit nfin chiing c6 tfin trong tifing Anh la Canh ban dd (Map wing). Budm due vd budm cdi cd ddc difim giong nhau. Vifit Nam cd b6n lodi gidng
Cyrestis, tdt cd dfiu chii yfiu phan bd trong rimg. C. nivea gan gidng C. thyodamas, duac phan bifit bdi cdc dudng chi manh d viing giiia cdnh: cua C. nivea chay tuang ddi thdng chii khdng ngoan ngoeo nhu 6 C thyodamas, ngoai ra dudng vifin man den chgy gan mep canh trdng rd ret han lodi C.thyodamas.
Sinh hoc sinh thdi: Sau non ciia gidng Cyrestis dn la mdt sd loai cay trong hp Dau tam (Moraceae). Lodi C. thyodamas thich nhiing noi trdng trdi nhu bd sudi, bd sdng va nhimg con dudng Idng d dp cao vira vd thip.
Chiing bay gan mgt dat, ddi khi budm ddu d duai mdt la. Sdu non dn la cay Simg.
Hinh 07: Trdng, sdu non Bu&m bdn do tku&ng (Cyrestis thyodamas (Boisduval)
Hinh 08: Qud ttinh kda nh^ng cda Budm bdn ^ thu&ng (Cyrestis tkyodamas (Boisduval) 3.2.1.7. Ngdi dom do (Phauda flammans cd man dd d goc, mau den d mep canh.
Walker)
Ngai ddm dd thupc hp Ngdi dfim (Zygaenidae), bp Cdnh viy (Lepidoptera). Diu trudng thdnh cd mau do sam, ddi rau diu cd mdu den. Byng mau den vdi nhifiu long dd ehe phu, rifing nged due cdn cd mpt tiim ldng d cuoi byng. Canh mdu dd, cd mpt d6m den trfin
mep cdnh trudc; cdnh sau gan nhu trong sudt. Hinfa 09: Ngdi dom dd {Phauda flammans Walker)
T ^ CHf KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G N G H $ LAM NGHIEP S 6 1 - 2012 55
Quan If Tai nguyen riing SMoitruSng Sau non xuit hidn vdi mat do kha cao, tap
trung gay hai Sung cd kich thuoc ldn, khi hda nhdng thuang di chuydn xudng phia dudi gdc cay. Noi ua chudng la khu vuc gdc cay, trong cac ke hd, noi cd do am cao.
3.2.1.8. Onggdymiinld (Josephiellamicrocarpae)
Nhdng nam trong ken mdng.
Bien phap phdng tru: thu bat sau non, trudng thanh, nhdng. Xu Iy gdc cay vdi thudc nhdm neonicotinoid, vdng dinh.
4
fcy..
I- '
Hinh 10: Ong gdy mun Id sung Ong gay mun la Josephiella microcarpae
thudc hp Ong mun cay sung (Agaonidae), bp Cdnh mdng (Hymenoptera). Ong trudng thdnh chi ddi khodng han 0,5-0,6mm. Ong gdy mun Id tuy khdng nguy hiem lam nhung lam xau tan cay, dgc bifit Id cdy cdnh, cay bonsai. Thudng g^p loai ndy trfin Sung, sanh... Mun Id bao gdm td ciia sau non, xfip hdng Xihn nhau trfin phifin la. Ong tnidng thdnh chich vdo la dfi de tning. Sdu non mdi nd rat nhd, mdu trdng trong, phat trifin bfin trong md la da bi ldi ra tao thanh td cung cdp dinh dudng cho chiing. Khi Id bi hai n$ng chiing cd thfi bi khd vd rung di.
Khi ong vii hda chung dfi lai nhifiu Id nhd d mat dudi Id
Bipn phdp phdng trir: Ngat bd Id bi hgi hoac sir dung thuoc hda hpc nhdm neonicotinoid xu Iy dit nhu d6i vdi r$p tring vd bp tri.
3.3. jDe xuat bien ph^p phong trir tong faprp sfiu fa^i cSy thu$c cfai Ficus
Cdc lodi sdu hgi cdy thupc chi Ficus nguy hiem gom cac loai bp tri, rep tring, m^t sd sau dn Id nhdm budm ngay (budm ddm, budm bdn dd), ong gay mun Id nen bifin phdp tdng hpp phdng chong sau hai cdy thudc ctd Ficus tap tnmg vdo ddi tupng nay:
Diiu tra, gidm sdt: Thudng xuyfin difiu tra, gidm sat trong qua trinh cham sdc cdy. Chii y tdi cac trifiu chiing cay bi hai ddc trung cho nhdm bp tri: Id non bj khd, ciing, chuyfin mdu tdi, phifin Id khdng md ra duoc, cup lgi theo
gan chinh; Dfii vdi Rfip tring trifiu chiing dien hinh Id nhifiu Id bi mit mdu, ryng, rfip tap trung d mat dudi Id rit dfi nhdn bifit qua sy cd. mat ciia ttudng thanh, sau non. Vfit mun Id Id trifiu chiumg dac tnmg cua ong g4y mun la.
Bien phdp vdt ly ca gidi: Ddi vdi tit cd cfc lodi sau hgi deu cd thfi dp d\mg bifin phdp thu bat. Tuy nhifin cin chii y tdi nai cu tni vd tap tinh cua timg lodi de vipc thu bat cd hieu qua:
Ngat bd cdc bfi phdn bi hgi nhu la (ddi vdi bg tri, ong gay mun, rfip trang), thu thdp sau non (budm ddm, sau rdm, ngdi dom) bang tay doi vdi cay thip, rung cay dfii vdi cay cao, vpt bat trudng thdnh (Rfip trang, budm dom, ngai dom dd). Ddi vdi ngai ddm dd cd thfi sii dung vdng dfnh bat sau non khi chiing bd xudng khu vuc gdc cay de hda nhdng.
Bi^n phdp canh tdc: Chpn gidng cay phu hpp, trdng cay dting vdi nhu ciu sinh thdi la nguyen tac dau tifin dfi ngdn chan sir xdm nhap ciia sau hai. Bifin phdp cit tia bd mang tfnh canh tac, ddc bifit Id nhdm cay cdnh, cdy bonsai cdn duac ket hpp tot vdi bifin phap v^ sinh nai cham sdc cay.
Bien phdp sinh hoc: Sdu hgi cay thu^c chi Ficus cd khd nhifiu lodi thien dich nhu fich nhai, bd sat, chim, cdn trimg, dac biet Id cdn triing bat mdi an thit nhu bp riia, bp xft, bp ngua, su tii rpp ciing nhu cac lodi ong ky sinh va vi sinh vgt. Bao vfi cdc lodi thien dich vd t difiu kien thich hpp dfi thien dich phdt trifin rit quan trpng. Dieu ndy cin dupc chii y kl 56 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP S 6 1 - 2012
A
Quin ly Tai nguyen ntng & Moi tnidng thuc hifin cdc bifin phdp vat ly ca gidi, ky thuat canh tdc hay bifin phap hda hpc.
Bien phdp hoa hgc: Da sd trudng hpp khdng can ap dung bifin phap hda hpc, Tuy nhifin khi can thifit cd thfi van phai dp dung bien p h ^ ndy. Cdc logi thudc cdn dupc lira chpn theo khuyen cao cho tiing nhdm lodi, nim trong danh sdch thudc bao vfi thuc vat dupc phep sir dim^. Ddi vdi nhdm bp tri, rep trdng.. dd Id thudc thudc nhdm neonicotinoid dimg cho xii ly dit, cac loai thuoc ndi hip nhdm pyrethroid..., thdo mpc cho xir Iy tdn la...
IV. KET LUAN
Sau hgi cdy thudc chi Ficus bao gdm 13 loai thudc 10 hp, 6 bp cdn trimg, trong dd da sd sdu hai thudc bd Cdnh viy (5 hp, 7 loai). Cd 3 hinh thiic hgi chfnh la an la, hiit dich Id vd hai rfi trong dd nhdm an Id chifim ty le ldn gdm 07 lodi (53,85%), nhdm hiit dich g&n 4 lodi (chifim 30,77%).
Trong thai gian nghien ciiru sdu hgi cay thupc chi Ficus cd mdt dd khdng cao, gay ra thifit hgi khdng dang ke. Bien dpng ciia mat dp V! vgy cung khdng cd nhiing difim bit thudng ndo. Cd 3 lodi sau hgi Id vdi mgt dd tuong dfii
cao Id cac loai bp tri, tuy nhien day ciing chi la mat dp binh thudng, sau hgi chua gay ra nhung thifit hai ldn.
Cdc lodi chfnh gay hgi ttfin cay thupc chi Ficus la 3 lodi bp tri {Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal), Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmerman 1900), Androthrips ramachandrai Kamy), Rfip trang {Singhielia simplex (Singh)), hai loai budm ddm {Euploea amymone, E. mulciber), Ngdi ddm do {Phauda flammans Walker) vd Ong gay mun Id {Josephiella microcarpae).
Bien phap tdng hpp (IPM) dfi phdng tni sau hai cdy thudc chi Ficus bao gdm: Bifin phap giam sat dua vdo trifiu chiing thfi hifin ttfin Id bi hai vd tap tfob cua sau; Bifin phdp vdt ly ca gidi nhu thu bat dp dung cho tdt cd cdc lodi sdu hai, bien phdp vdng dfnh dp dung doi vdi Ioai Ngai ddm dd; Bifin phdp ky thudt canh tdc nhu cat bd bp phdn bi hai, cat tia cay, vfi sinh; Bifin phap bdo ve va sir dung thien dich hoac thuoc sinh hpc; Khi mat dp sau hai cao, cdn thifit dung mdt so loai thuoc hda hpc nhdm neonicotinoid, pyrethroid, thudc thdo mdc hodc thudc sinh hoc nhu BT...
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Beardsley, John W. and Rasplus, Jean-Yves (2001) 'A new species of Josephiella (Hymenoptera:
Agaonidae) forming leaf galls on Ficus microcarpa L. (Moraceae)', Joumal of Natural History, 35: 1, 33
— 40
2. Bennett FD. 1995. Montandoniola moraguesi (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a new immigrant to Florida:
Friend or Forager? http://www.controlbioIogico. oi^.mxA'^edaliaA'olumen%202_1995/020501.pdf Vedalia 2: 3-6.
3. Buss, EA. (2003). Thrips on ornamental plants. EDIS. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG327 (9 April 2004).
4. Trln Vin M3o, 2008. Ph6ng tiir sau benh hai cay canh. Nha xuat ban Nong nghiep
5. Xiao Gangrou Chief Editor (1991), Con triing rimg Tning Quoc. NM xuat ban Lam nghiep Trung Quoc.
6. Yang Ziqi, 2001, Yuan Lin Zhi wu bing hai fang zhi tu jian (Phong trft sSu b^nh hai cay canh). NXB LSm nghidp Trung Qu6c.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGY OF INSECT PESTS ON Ficus TREE
Nguyen Tfae Nfaa SUMMARY
Insect pests on ficus belong to 6 orders, 10 families, and 13 species, most of them are among the Lepidoptera (5 families, and 7 species). There are three form of damaging: leave feeding (defohator), sucking sap from leaves, and rootfeeding, defoliators 7 species (53,85%), sap suckmg insect 4 species (30,77%). The main pests are Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal), Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimmerman 1900), and Androthrips ramachandrai Kamy, Singhielia simplex
(Singh)), Euploea amymone, E. mulciber, Phauda flammans Walker) and Josephiella microcarpae. The control of insect pests on ficus: monitoring, hand-picking, sticky try band, prune out infested parts of plants, sanitation; protect of natural enemies, chemical control may be needed (neonicotinoid, pyrethroid or botanical insecticides).
Key word: Danaidae, Euploea spp, Ficus thrips. Insect pest onjicus, Gyaaikofftrips spp, Pfiaudajlammans.
Ngu&i phdn bifn: GS. TS. Trln V&n Mao
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|: LAM NGHIEP SO 1 - 2012 57
