Cac nhan to anh hudng de n hanh vi chia se tri thufc
v6i dong nghiep cua giang vien Tru'dng Dai hoc An Giang
TRAN NGQC TU*
Tom tat
Bdi vie'i sff dung phuong phdp phdn tich dinh lugng nham xdc dinh cdc nhdn tddnh hudng di'n hdnh vi chia se tri thffc vdi dong nghiip cua gidng vien TrUdng Dgi hgc An Giang. Kit qud cho thdy cd 4 nhdn td'tdc dgng cd y nghia thdng ke din hdnh vi chia se tri thffc cua gidng vien, bao gdm: Hi thd'ng khen thudng; Giao tiip vdi ddng nghiep; Su ung hg cua cap tren; vd Su tin ludng. Trong dd, nhdn to Giao tie'p vdi dong nghiep cd dnh hudng mgnh nhdt.
Tuf khda: hdnh vi chia se tri thffc, gidng vien, Trudng Dgi hgc An Giang Summary
This study employs quantitative analysis to identify factors influencing the knowledge sharing among colleagues of lecturers working at An Giang University. The result points out four factors that create a statistically significant impact on their knowledge sharing behavior, including: Reward system. Colleague communication, Superiors' support and Confidence.
Especially, Colleague communication produces the strongest impact.
Keywords: knowledge sharing behavior, lecturers. An Giang University
GlOlTHIfU
Ngay nay, tri thffc giff mdt vai trd quan trpng quye't dinh nang lffc canh tranh cua td chffc. Vi vay, quan tri tn thffc da va dang trd thanh chu de ha'p din dd'i vdi cac nha nghien cffu. Vi the', iam the' nao de con ngtfdi cd the san sang ddn nhan nhffng thach thffc mdi va chia se nhffng tri thffc ma hp da tim kie'm, tich luy dffdc, hoac khuyd'n khich hp tham gia vao cac hoat ddng dffa tren tri thffc (san xua't, phan phd'i va tfng dung tri thffc) la cd y nghia dac Met quan trpng. Song, viec chia se tri thffc vd'n di khdng phu hop vdi ban cha't con ngffdi, vi hp sd rang se ma't di sffc manh tri thtfc cua hp trong td' chffc ne'u chia se vdi ngffdi khac. Do dd, trong hoat ddng quan tri tri thtfc thi chia se tri thffc dffpc xem la van de khd khan nha't.
Chinh vi vay, tac gia thffc hien nghidn cffu cac nhan td' anh hffdng de'n hanh vi chia se tri thtfc vdi ddng nghiep cua giang vidn Trffdng Dai hpc An Giang.
Trdn cd sd do, giiip Ban lanh dao Nha trffdng hoach dinh chinh sach va bidn phap thuc day hoat dpng chia se tri thffc gdp phan nang cao cha't Iffdng dpi ngu, cQng nhff hieu qua quan ly tri thffc trong Nha trffdng.
CO s d LY THUYET VA PHliONC PHAP NGHIEN CCu
Cd sof ly thuyd't va md hinh nghien cliU Theo Becerra-Fernandez va cdng sif (2004), tri thffc la "stf giai ma ve mpt md'i quan he giffa cac khdi niem cd hen quan de'n nhffng ITnh vtfc cu th^".
Nghien ctfu cua Bhatt (1998) cho tha'y, quan ly tri thffc la qua trinh san xua't, phin phd'i, trinh didn va ffng dung tri thffc; mpt^ qua trinh mang tinh he thd'ng, cu the de td chffc san xuat vi truyen dat ca "tri thtfc a'n" Iln "tri thffc hien" cua mpt nhan vien cho nhffng nhan vidn khac d^ cd the sff dung nd hidu qud va nang sua^t hdn trong cdng viec.
Chia se tri thffc la khia canh quan hong nha't ciia quan ly tti thffc (Gupta va cdng'sJ, 2000). Chia se tri thtfc dtfdc dinh nglua !&
mdt hanh ddng chu quan cd' < '~:!-n cho tri thtfc dffdc tai sffdung bdi nhit. ti khac thdng qua chuyen giao tri thffc '002)
*ThS., Tru'dng Dai hoc Sai Gon
Ngdy nhdn bdi- 15/01/2020; Ngdy phdn bi^n-13/02/2020: Ngay duyet ddng: 19/02/2020
64
Tren cd sd kd' thffa nhffng nhan to' anh hffdng de'n hanh vi chia se tri thffc vdi ddng nghiep cua giang vidn trong nghien cffu cua tac gia Bui Thj Thanh (2014) va Nguyen Quye't Thang (2019), tac gia de xua't md hinh nghien cffu nhff Hinh 1.
Cac gia thuye't nghidn cffu gdm:
//,.• Nhan to' "Hp tho'ng khen thffdng"
tac dpng cung chieu de'n "Hanh vi chia se tri thffc vdi dong nghiep ctia giang vien Trtfdng Dai hpc An Giang";
H^: Nhan to "Stf tin tffdng" tac ddng cung chi^u dd'n "Hanh vi chia se tn thffc vdi ddng nghiep cua giang vien Trffdng Dai hoc An Giang";
Hy Nhan to' "Sff ung hd cua cap trdn"
tac ddng cung chieu dd'n "Hanh vi chia se tri thffc vdi ddng nghiep cua gmng vidn Trtfdng Dai hpc An Giang";
H^: Nhan td' "Giao tid'p vdi dong nghiep" tac dpng ciing chieu de'n "Hanh VI chia se tri thffc vdi ddng nghidp cua giang vien Trffdng Dai hpc An Giang";
/fj.- Nhan to' "Cdng nghe thdng tin"
tac ddng cung chieu dd'n "Hanh vi chia se tri thffc vdi ddng nghiep cua giang vien Trtfdng Dai hpc An Giang".
Thang do khai niem nghien cffu nhff Bang 1.
Phiftfng phap nghien cii'u Nghien cffu dtfpc thffc hidn thdng qua 2 giai doan;
- Nghien cdu sobg: Sff dung phffdng phap nghien cffu dinh tinh vdi ky thuat thao luan nhdm muc tidu, cu the: tac gia sff dung phffdng phap chpn mau thuSn tien, chpn ra 7 giang vien tham gia thao luan nhdm. Giai doan nghien cffu nay nham dieu chinh va bd sung bie'n quan sat cho thang do dd'i vdi cac khai niem trong md hinh nghidn cffu.
- Nghiin cdu chinh thdc: Sff dung phtfdng phap nghidn cffu dinh Itfpng cung vdi phtfdng phap chpn mlu thuan tidn vdi cd mlu la 250, phtfdng phap thu thap thdng tin dtfdc sff dung la phdng va'n trtfc tie'p. Vdi tdng sd' phieu dtf kid'n la 250 phie'u, so' phie'u phdng va'n dat ydu can 246 phie'u. Thdi gian tid'n hanh khao sat ttf ngay 01/12 den 15/12/2019.
PhiMng phdp phdn tich dd U$u Theo Henseler va Chin (2010), md hinh nghien ctfu dtfdc danh gia qua hai btfdc la danh gia md hinh do Itfdng va md hinh cS'u true. Dau tidn, md hinh do Itfdng dtfpc danh gia thdng qua danh gia dd tin cay, gia trj hdi tu va gia tri phan biet cua cac khai niem do Itfdng trong
HilHH 1: MO HINH NGHIEN C(lil DE XUAT
Mguon T a r gia de
BANG 1: THAtSG DO VA c A c BIEN
Khdi ni&m bien quan sat ^
Cdc nhdn todnhhtidngden hanh vi chia se tri thUc vdi dong nghiap cua giang vien TrUdng Bgi hgc An Giang
He thong ktien thif<ing (KT) Sif tin tirdng (TT) SiJ ung ho ciia cap tr^n (CT) Giao tiep VI3L d6ng nghiap (DN) Cong nglie thong un (CN) Hank vi chia se tri tliiic (CSTT)
4 4 4 4 4 3
Bien quan sat 1-4 Bi^nquan sat 5-8 Bien quan siit9-12 Bie'n quan sat 13-16 Bie'n quan sdt 17-20 Bie'n quan sit 21-23 L. Tac gia tong hop
md hinh. Tie'p dd'n, md hinh ca'u true dtfdc sff dung de kiem tra md'i quan he giffa cac khai niem trong md hinh nghien ctfu.
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU
Ph3n tich md hinh cS'u true tuye'n tinh (SEM) Phtfdng phap phan tich md hinh ca'u true tuyd'n tinh (SEM) bang phan mem SmartPLS dtfpc sff dung de' kiem dinh md hinh nghien ctfu. Md hinh kiem dinh mtfc dd tac ddng cua 5 nhSn td': (1) Hd thd'ng khen thtfdng (KT); (2) Stf tin ttfdng (TT); (3) Stf ung hp cua ca'p trdn (CT); (4) Giao tie'p vdi ddng nghidp (DN) va (5) Cdng nghd thdng tin (CN) dd'n Hanh vi chia se tri thffc (CSTT).
De dam bao cho md hinh do Iffdng, tac gia da sff dung phffdng phap PLS de danh gia cac dac tinh cua ta't ca nhffng thang do da sff dung trong nghien cffu nay. Bdi, tat ca cac thang do da de cap trong nghien
65
BANG 2: KET QUA DO TIN C^Y VA GIA TRj HOI TU CGA THANG DO Tbang do
(Constructs) He Ihong khen thildng (KT) Su-lintirSngCTT) Su ling ho ciia cap tren (CT) Giao tiep vdi d6ng nghiep (DN) Cong nghe thSng tin (CN) Hanh vi chia se thong tin (CSTT)
Bie'n quan sat
(Items) 2 4 3 3 3 3
HfsfTtai nhSn 16*
(Factor Loading) 0,792-0,860 0.745-0,832 0,741-0,838 0,810-0,846 0.794-0,828 0,791-0,828
DO tin c§y t^ng h ^ ( C R ) 0,812 0,875 0,836 0,886 0.855 0,871
Ptnf(Aig sai trich trung blnh (AV£^
0,684 0,636 0,630 0,722 0,663 0,693 Ngu6n- Ket qua tu' phan tich SmartPLS, dCf lieu 2019 jHiNH 2: BIEU DO THE HI$M KET QUA MO HINH CAO TRCIC TGYEN TINH PLS-SEM
1 „.
1 m
1 "'
1 m
1 -
ll ™
^0792-J ] t-0B60-l (
IhjiJng OT
f-asi2J \ 1-0810^ L
SUtn tudng
juon: K§'t qua tCf phan tich SmartPLS, dO lifu 2019 cffu nay chffa cac chi sd phan chid'u, sff kid'm tra tinh hdp Id va dp rin cay la can thie't (Hair va cdng sff, 2014). Mdi chi sd deu dffdc kiem tra xem nd cd phii hdp de do Iffdng cho y dinh muc tieu hay khdng. Nhin vao Bang 2 cd th^ tha'y, he sd' tai nhan to' cua cac bidn quan sat deu Idn hdn 0,7, cho tha'y thda man dieu kien hdi tu (Hair va cong sff, 2014). Ngoai ra, do tm cay tdng hdp (CR) cua cac thang do dao ddng d mffc tff
0,812 de'n 0,886, mffc ttung binh phrftJng sai rut trich (AVE) cua cac thang do deu dat diem cat, cho tha'y do tin cay thda diing vdi khoan ttf 0,541 dd'n 0,811. Kd't qua chffng minh dffdc rSng, viec Itfa chon md hinh do Itfdng la phu hdp.
Ngoai ra, de tie'p tuc phan tich dd phan bidt, nghidn cffu tie'n hanh so sanh mdi quan hd giffa cac nhan to' vdi phtfdng sai trich trung binh (AVE). Kd't qua pha_n tich cho tha'y, can bac hai AYE cua mdi nhan td' deu Idn hdn hd sd' lien hd gitfa nhan to' dd vdi cac nhan td' khac. Hay ndi each khac, he so' tai nhan td' cua tffng chi bao deu tdn nha't trong ma tran he sd' tffdng quan cheo va cd y nghia thd'ng ke vdi p-value = 0,000. Nhff vay, mlu nghien cffu dam bao dd phan bidt cua cac nhan to' do Iffdng. Ngoai ra,^ kiim dinh hien tffdng da cdng tuye'n deu cho gia tri VIF < 5 (Hair va cdng stf, 2014) vdi gia tri Idnnha'tia 2,174, nen mdhinh khdng vi pham.
Kid'm dinh md hinh c^u triic Nhin vao Hinh 2 cd the tha'y, cd 5 nhan td' anh hffdng dd'n hanh vi chia se thdng tin vdi ddng nghidp ciia giang vien Trtfdng Dai hpc An Giang; He thd'ng khen thtfdng; Stf tm ttfdng; Sif ung hd cua cap tren; Giao tid'p vdi dong nghiep va Cdng nghd thdng tin. Trong dd, nhan td' Giao tiep vdi dong nghidp cd anh hffdng manh nha't ddn hanh vi chia^ se tri thtfc cua giang vien vdi he so' hdi quy (3 = 0,340 va nhan td' "Hd thdng khen thtfdng" it anh htfdng nhat de'n hanh vi chia se tri thtfc cua giang vien vdi he sd' hdi quy P = 0,109. Ngoai ra, gia tri R-=
51,3%, dieu dd cd nghia la: cac nhan to dtfa vao md hinh giai thich dtfpc 51,3%
stf bie'n bie'n thien cua hanh vi chia se tri thtfc.
Ben canh dd, tac gia sff dung chffc nang Bootstrapping vdi 1.000 lan lap lai dd' kiem tra md hinh ca'u true (Bang 3).
Kd't qua cho tha'y, cac bien ddc lap diu cd tac dgng ciing chieu dd'n bid'n phu thudc va cd y nghTa thd'ng ke (P > 0 va P-value
< 0,05). Vi the', cac gia thuye't H, H^ H^
H^deu dtfdc cha'p nhan (P-value < 0,05^
va gia thuye't H^ bi bac bd, vi khdng cd y nghia thd'ng ke (P-value > 0,05).
KET LUAN - HAM Y QUAN TRj Kd't qua nghidn ctfu cho thay, cd 4 nhan td' tac ddng cd 5' nghia thd'ng kd de'n hanh vi chia se tri thffc ciia giang
66
BANG 3: PHAN TlCH MO HIMH CAU TRUC Thang do
phu thu$c
H&nh vi chia se tn thu'c (CSTT) R^ = 0,513
Thang do d 9 c ^ p - - K T
•^TT
^ C T
^ D N
•^CN
MiJcdO lac d$ng 0,109 0,197 0,159 0,340 0,123
Kiim dSnh t 2,!36 3,192 2.285 6,821 1.912
Mdc f nghTa thfTnglcg
0,033 0.001 0,023 0,000 0.056
Gia thuyf^t
H, H^
H, H, H j
Kiim dinh gia thuyit Ch&p nh^n ChS^p nhan Chap nhSn Chap nh^n Bac bo I Tong hdp tif phan tich n
vien, bao gom: Hd thd'ng khen thffdng;
Giao tie'p vdi dong nghidp; Sff ung hd cua ca'p trdn; va Stf tin ttfdng. Trong dd, nhan to' Giao tid'p vdi ddng nghidp cd anh htfdng manh nha't. Dtfa trdn ket qua nghien cffu, tac gia de xua't cac ham y quan tn, nhtf sau:
Ddi vdi nhdn to Giao tii'p vdi dong nghiep: Day la mdt nhin td' quan trong nang cao tinh than doan kd't cua nhffng ddng nghiep cung nhau vi muc tieu chung. Do do, Nha trtfdng can tang cffdng nhffng bud'i trao dd'i hpc thuat, chia se phffdng phap giang day va dinh ky bao cdo cdc thdng tin lidn quan dd'n ITnh vtfc chuyen mdn, khuyd'n khich sif tranh luan va ttf duy phan bien cua giang vien.
Ddi vdi nhdn td Su tin tudng: Cac khoa tai Trtfdng Dai hpc An Giang ndn thtfc hien dinh ky cac bud'i trao ddi kie'n
thtfc tai cac bd phSn va chung cho cac khoa. Thdi gian cd th^ dtfdc thtfc hien theo tffng thang, vho cac budi thff hay va chu nhat cud'i mdi thang, qua dd tao ra mot lich sinh hoat khoa hoc thtfdng xuydn, lien tuc cho cac giang vien.
Ddi vdi nhdn id Su ung ho cua cd'p tren: Lanh dao cac khoa tai Trtfdng Dai hpc An Giang can xSy difng mdt quy che' danh gia ve hieu qua chia se tn thtfc, Itfa chpn iam mdt trong nhffng tieu chi khen thffdng, d l bat dd'i vdi cac giang vien. Ludn lang nghe va tao cd hdi de giang vien cd the bay td quan diem va tao dieu kidn thuan ldi de' giang vien cd the' thffc hien viec chia se tri thffc.
Ddi vdi nhdn to Hi thdng khen thudng: Nha trffdng ctn kien toan lai che' dd khen thtfdng theo htfdng khuye'n khich hanh vi chia se tri thffc cua giang vidn mdt each thid't thtfc ca ve vat chat lan tinh than tffPng xffng vdi tri thtfc dtfdc chia se, thay vi mang tinh
"ttfdng tnmg", hay "cao bang" van dang hidn hffu d cac trtfdng dai hpc ndi chung va Trffdng Dai hoc An Giang ndi r i d n g . •
T A l i l E U THAM KHAO _ _ 1. Bui Thi Thanh (2014). Cac nhan td anh hffdng de'n hanh vi chia sd tri thffc vdi ddng nghidp
cua giang vien trong cac trffdng Dai hpc, Tgp ehi Kinh te vd Phdt trien, 199, 71-79
2. Nguydn Quye't Thang (2019). Cac nhan to' anh htfdng dd'n hanh vi chia se tri thffc cua giang vien Trffdng Dai hpc Cdng nghe TP. H 6 Chi Minh, Tgp chi Cong Thuong thang 06/2019
3. Becerra - Femandez, L, A. Gonzalez & R.SabherwaI (2004). Knowledge management Challenges, Solutions and Technogies, Pearson Education In, 10-25
4. Bhatt, G (1998). Managing knowledge through people knowledge and processes, Manage. J.
Knowl, Manage, 165-171
5. Fornell, C , Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50
6. Gupta, A.K. & Govindarajan, V (2000). Knowledge management's social dimension: lessons from Nucor Steel,M/r Sloan Management Review. 42, 71 -80
7. Hair, J. P., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
8. Henseler, J., and Chin, W. W (2010). A Comparison of Approaches for the Analysis of Interaction Effects Between Latent Variables Using Partial Least Squares Path Mode\ing,Struciural Equation Modeling, 17(1), 82-109
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