VAN oi Qu6c it
HAv TAX DE: cmiwi
TRONa TH06 THUen BREXIT
Tom tat: Tdm tat Ngay 23-6-2016, nudc Anh to chirc trung cau dan y ve vi^c d lai hay ra khdi EU vdi ty le phieu "ra khdi" la 51,9%, "d lai" la 48,1%. Ket qua nay da dan den viec Thu tudng Anh kich hoat dieu 50, Hien chuong EU, khdi ddng tien trinh Brexit. Sau gan 2 nam tieh cue dam phan, den cudi nam 2018, Anh va EU da dat dugc thoa thugn de Anh rdi EU Tuy nhien, ban thoa t h u ^ lai bi Quoc hdi Anh bac bd va thdi han Brexit lien tyc bi keo dai vi mpt sd diem khdng nhan dugc su ddng thuan.
Ngay 17 10.2019 vdi quyet tam cao dp ciia tan Thii tudng Borris Johnson, nhirng vudng mac da dugc thao gd, Anh va EU da dat dugc su thdng nhat ve ban thoa thuan de nudc nay rdi EU dung ban. Tuy nhien, ngay 19.10, thay vi bd phieu thdng qua thoa thugn, Qudc hpi Anh lai bd phieu thdng qua de xuat bupc Thii tudng Anh phai liii thdi han Brexit tdi 31.1.2020.
Vay nhung n6i dung cua ban thoa thuan la gi? Va tai sao chiing lai lien tue hi bac bo?
Tir khoa: Brexit, thoa thuan, dieu khoan ch6t chan.
Abstract: On 23rd of June, 2016, Britain held a referendum of staying in or getting out of EU with the voter ratio of 48,1 % and 51,9% respectively, which resulted in the fact that British Prime Minister activated Article 50 of the EU Charter and initiated the Brexit process. Having negotiated for nearly two years, and by the end of 2018, the UK- EU agreement was reached that the UK would leave EU. Although the agreement was rejected by (he Bridsh Parliament and the Brexit term was repeatedly extended because of some misunderstandings. On October I7th, 2019, with the high determination of New Prime Minister Borris Johnson, all the problems were lifted up, UK and EU have unanimously reached the agreement that UK will leave EU on time. On October 19th, however, instead of voting through the agreement, British parliament voted through the proposal to force the British Prime Minister to delay Brexit deadline untd January 31st 2020.
And what is the content of the agreement then? And why was it rejected'^
Keywords: Brexit, agreement, closing clause.
Ban thoa thuan gan 600 trang de cap Anh), vimg lanh thd Gibralta eua Anh d den t£it ca cac van de sau 46 nam gan bd Tay Ban Nha; cac can cir ciia Anh d Sip giiia Anh va EU, trong dd noi len 6 van Trong 6 van de tren, thi van de bien gidi de chinh, Dd la cac v4n de ve qua trinh giiraCpnghoaAilenvaBacAilenlagaigoc chuyen tiSp; cac quyen c6ng dan; nghia nhat, gay ra nhieu y kien bat ddng nhat, vu tai chinh va cac van de lien quan den 1. Qud trmh chuyen tiep.
bien gidi giiia phan Ianh tho ciia Anh vdi Theo ke hoach ban dau, khoang thdi cac vimg lanh tho khae la thanh vien EU. gian nay keo dat 21 thang, bat dau tir ngay Cv the la bien gidi giiia Cong hoa Ailen 30/3/2019, khi Vuang quoe Anh rut khoi (thanh vien EU) va B4C Ailen (thupc EU, Nhung do tinh trang hai ben khong the
Tap chi 1109
* Trudng D H KD&CN Ha N6i Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe I , So 04/2019
VAN DE QUOC TE
di den mpt thda thuan ve moi quan he mdi nao, nen Thu tudng Anh da de xuat keo dai thdi gian. Tir do, thoa thuan da thong nhat xae dinh qua trinh chuyen tiep se keo dai den 31/12/2020. Thdi gian nay nh^m tao dieu kien cho Anh va EU tien hanh thuang lugng ve eae radi quan he tuong lai. N6 eung cho phep cac chinh phii, ngudi dan va doanh nghiep thich img vdi cuge s6ng hau Brexit. Du thao thoa thuan ciing neu ro, trong thdi ky chuyen tiep, Anh se tiep tue tham gia thue quan va thi tnrong ehung EU, dong thdi t6n trgng cac quy tae cua EU ve su di chuyen tu do ciia hang hoa, von, dich vu va Iao dpng. Ngoai ra, Du thao thoa thuan cung quy dinh, tuy theo tinh hinh, qua trinh chuyen tiep cd the dugc keo dai thera 1 hoac 2 nam. Tire la e6 the keo dai den 31/12/2022
2. Cdc quyen cong ddn.
Theo th6ng ke, hien co khoang hon 3 trieu c6ng dan EU dang sinh sdng va lam viec tai Anh va 1,2 trieu cdng dan Anh d EU. Van de dat ra la phai dara bao quyen Iai cua nhung cong dan nay Theo thoa thuan da ky, cong dan EU va Anh, cung nhu cac thanh vien gia dinh hp, cd the tiep tue sinh sdng, lara viee va hge t ^ binh dang vdi ngudi dan sd tai theo luat phap tuong img.
No bao gom tat ca c6ng dan den Anh va EU trudc khi qua trinh chuyen tiep ket thuc, Cac quyen lai ve y te, luong huu, lgi ich ve an sinh- xa hdi cung se dugc duy tri,
Moi thuang thao giiia hai ben dugc uu tien trudc het cho su thuan tien cu tni, Iao dpng va sinh hoat ctia ngudi dan, dieu nay dugc the hien trong van kien "Bao cao chung cua nhiing ngudi dam phan EU va Vuong quoe Anh ve eae tien bo trong giai doan 1 cudc dam phan ve viee Anh rdi EU trong trat tu theo dieu 50, Hien chucmg EU" ciia EU Van kien nay dai 15 trang, trong d6 van de ve cac quyen c6ng dan duoc dae biet uu tien khi danh
den gan 7 trang de neu giai phap ..Ji vdi quyen cua cac cdng dan hai phia Sau do mdi tdi cac de muc quan trong khac, lien quan den quy che eho Ailen va Bac Ailen (2,5 trang); nghTa vu tai chinh (4 trang);
cac v4n dS khae eon lai (2 trang) Quyen cong dan la van de de dam phan nhat trong s6 nhirng van de chinh ctia Brexit, nhung lai gap phai kh6 khan khi Anh tuyen bo nhiing cong dan EU tdi nudc nay sau ngay Brexit se dugc d6i xii khac, tiie la se khdng cd qua trinh chuyen tiep. Dieu nay trai vdi quan diem eua EU, Philippe Lamberts, nghi si ciia ebau Au, ngudi tham gia giai quy^t Brexit, eho biet "Quyen c6ng dan se la mot van de dam phan va ehiing t6i muon giir viing lap trudng rang dieu khoan mdi chi c6 hieu luc sau khi giai doan ehuyen tiep cham diif Noi each khac, EU mu6n Anh thuc hien "mot giai doan ehuyen tiep giir nguyen hien trang" cho den cuoi nam 2020, de nhung e6ng dan eua rainh den Anh van dii dieu kien hudng cac quyen hien nay eho den m6e thdi gian vira neu.
Bat ddng neu tren se la mpt trd ngai ma Anh va EU can giai quyet de dat dugc thda thuan chuyen tiep. Thda thuan nay se cho hai ben thdi gian de chuan bi irng pho vdi nhiing tac dpng sau xa cua viec cham dut cupc hon nhan keo dai 46 nam qua,
3. Hod don tdi chinh.
Cac thanh vien Lien rainh chau Au deu eoi viee giai quyet van de tai chinh la dieu kien tien quyet de md cac cude dam phan ve tuang Iai ra6i quan he giua Anh va EU.
Brussels khang dinh kh6i nay se kh6ng budc vao cac cudc dara phan ve thuang raai trong tuong Iai cho den khi London thuc hien day du nghia vu tai chinh da cam ket cua mdt nudc thanh vien.
NghTa vu tai chinh gdm nhiiu ndi dung, trong do CO nhirng noi dung chinh, nhu:
Cac nghia vu dong gdp cua Anh trong EU tir trudc, nhung den nay chua ddng gdp het;
Tap chi i i n Kmh doonh vd Cong ngh'^
V A N D i QUOC Ti cac khoan ng ciia Ngan sach EU ma tat ea
cae thanh vien, trong d6 cd Anh, deu phai CO traeh nhiem; ngoai ra Anh ciing phai thuc hien viec dong gdp cho ngan sach cua khoi trong qua trinh chuyen tiep tdi nam 2020 da duac nhat tri eiing nhu tuan thit nhiing cam ket doi vdi cac ehuang trinh phat trien cho cac nudc thanh vien ngheo hon, cac khoan ddng gdp lucmg huu va bao Ianh Ngan saeh cua EU, v.v Luc dau, ngudi ta du doan boa dan Brexit ma Anh phai tra cd the len den 100 ty Euro. Cdn Chinh phu Anh thi nhieu lan khang dinh, nudc nay se chi tra khoang 20 ty Euro eho viec tat toan cac khoan tai chinh vdi EU.
Sau nhieu vong dam phan, den cuoi nam 2018, Anh va EU da dat dugc thda thuan Theo do, con sd chinh thirc Anh phin tra
"phi ly hdn" la 39 ty Bang vdi viee thanh toan dugc giam dan hang nam cho den nam 2064. Dieu nay da gd bd mdt trong nhiing rao can chinh cho tien trinh dam phan ve viee Anh rdi EU
Tuy nhien, Anh eung de doaneu kh6ng dat "thoa thuan ly hon" thi "chae ehan se kh6ng CO h6a don 39 ty Bang Anh nira".
Ve phan minh, Uy ban Chau Au (EC) eho biet Anh se van phai dong gdp vao ngan sach cua EU ngay ca khi nudc nay rdi di ma khong c6 bat cir thda thuan nao. Hang Roi-ta dan Idi bao The Mail cho biet neu Anh rdi khoi khdi ma khdng c6 mdt thoa thuan thuang mai, thi Chinh phii Anh chi phai thanh toan eho EU 9 ty Bang, chii khong phai 39 ty Bang. Ly do la se khdng CO bat cir khoan chi tra nao lien quan den bat ky qua trinh ehuyen tiep nao
4. Van de Bdc Ailen
Allen la mpt hon dao, trong do vimg phia Bac dao (chiem 1/6 dien tich ciia dao) thu6c Anh, cdn phia Nam dao (chiem 5/6 dien tich dao) la nudc C6ng boa Ailen (thanh vien EU), Ngudi dan Bac Ailen da trai qua 30 nam xung dot bao luc (tir nam
1968 tdi nam 1998)giiia nhiing ngudi nhan minh la ngudi Ailen va nhiing ngudi nhan minh la ngudi Anh, khien hon 3.500 ngudi thiet mang. Xung dot chi dimg lai khi Thda thuan Thii Sau tot lanh (Good Friday) dugc ky ket nam 1998, qua d6 cho phep dd bo mgi diem kiem tra bien gidi giiia viing Bac Ailen va CH Ailen, dong thdi qui dinh ca quan lap phap viing Bae Ailen hoat ddng vdi cau tnic chia se quyen luc giii'a ca 2 phe. Khi thao luan ve Brexit, ea Anh va EU deu lo ngai viec thiet lap dudng bien gidi cirng tren dao Ailen e6 the lam tai dien kich ban xung dot giira phe ung ho CH Ailen va phe ung hd Vuong quoc Lien hiep Anh tai vimg Bac Allen, do dd da thong nhat loai bd kha nang nay bang each dua vao Du thao thoa thuan Brexit mgt dieu khoan, gpi la dieu khoan "chot chan" (backstop).
Theo dieu khoan nay, Anh se d lai lien mmh thue quan va phai tuan thii eae quy dinh ciia EU cho tdi khi hai ben dat dugc thoa thuan mdi nham tranh rapt dudng bien gidi hien hiru giira vimg Bac Ailen va Cpng hoa Ailen. Day chinh la nguyen nhan khien thoa thuan Brexit khong duge Qude hdi Anh ung h6, do lo so Anh co the bi mac ket vTnh vien trong thoa thuan, tir do anh hudng den tham vpng hinh thanh mpt chinh sach thuang mai doc lap cua Anh, Vi vay, thoa thuan nay da day tien trinh Brexit vao be tac sau ba lan bi Qu6c hoi Anh bae bo, khien ba May phai ra di va Brexit phai hai lan gia han
Tan Thu tirdng Anh Borris Johnson ciing eho rang dieu khoan tren mang tinh chia re can phai loai bo. Con EU van giii' quan diem chot chan la can thiet de tranh khoi phuc mot dudng bien gidi co the keo theo su quay trd lai cupc chien be phai tren hon dao nay Tuy nhien, EU cung de ngo kha nang huy bo dieu khoan "ch6t chan", neu Chinh phu Anh dua ra dugc mpt giai phap thay the c6 the dap img "tat ca cac muc tieu".
Tap chi I 1 ] ] 3 Cong nghe I
V A N DE QUOC Ti
Ngay 2/10, Anh da gin tdi EU k§ toan trong ITnh vue thue, dau tran' .nong hoach Brexit mdi. Ke hoach nay da dugc bu6n lau, gian Ian, niatien.
cac chuyen gia khan trucmg, tich cue thao 6. Cdc cdn cur cua Anh ff ddo Sip.
luan va ngay 17/10 hai ben tuyen bo da Hien nay Cgng hoa Sip bi phan^ehia dat dugc thda thuan. Theo dd, Blic Ireland thanh 4 phan: Vung kiem soat thue te ctia van se nSm trong khu vue hai quan ciia Cgng hoa Sip, viing chiem ddng ctia Tho EU, trong khi phan eon Iai eiia nudc Anh NhT Ky, Green Line do Lien Hi^p qudc se rut khoi EU. Di§u nay d6ng nghia vdi kiem soat va 2 vimg can cir cd chii quyen viec ngudi dan se bi yeu c4u kiem tra thu thupc Anh. Nicosia la thu dd duy nhat tren tuc khi dl qua vitng bien Irish, Tuy vay the gidi cdn bi phan chia eho den nay.
Qu6c hoi Anh van chua xem xet thoa Tuong tir nhu vimg lanh tho Gibralta, thuan nay, ma lai yeu cku lin Brexit. 2 viing can cir co chu quyen thuge Anh d 5. Van de Gibralta Sip eiing cSn cd quy che rd rang, vi Sip la Gibraltar la vung lanh thg hai ngoai thanh vien ciia EU, con Anh thi kh6ng con thugc Vuong quoc Lien hiep Anh va Bkc nam trong to chiic nay. Du thao thoa thuan Ireland, nSm gan cue Nam ban dao Iberia, da thong nhat yeu cau khong de xay ra tinh giap Tay Ban Nha d phia BSc Dien tich 6,5 trang ehia re hay tudc doat quyen lgi cua km^, dan so khoang 32 nghin ngudi. Trong
mpt thdi gian dai, hai the luc de quoe hung mgnh Anh va Tay Ban Nha da tranh gianh nhau su th6ng tri cua vimg dat nay. Sau nay Tay Ban Nha yeu cau tra lai Gibraltar, v6n dT nudc nay da tir bo vao nam 1713 theo Hiep ude Utrecht. Cac hoang de Tay Ban Nha da nhieu lan tim each gianh Iai chu quyen Gibraltar nhung kh6ng thanh cong.
Vdl viec lau nay Tay Ban Nha tuyen b6 chii quyen d6i vdi viing Ianh thd Gibralta, eac ben da tim each thao gd cang thang trong tuong lai. Trong bdi canh Anh ra khdi EU, nhung Gibralta lai tiep giap vdi Tay Ban Nha, thanh vien cua EU, nen can ed quy ehe rd rang eho viing lanh tho nay, Du thao thoa thuan cung cap su hap tac giua Tay Ban Nha va Anh ve cac quyen cua cong dan, ve hang hoa.
11 000 ngudi dan dao Sip sinh s6ng va lam viee trong cac khu can cii quan su thugc chii quyen cua Anh. Ne nham dam bao rang luat phap ciia EU se tiep tuc ap dung d cac khu can xir nay, bao g6m thue quan, hang hoa, n6ng nghiep, hai san va cae quy dinh kiem dich thue vat va thu y.
Tdm lai, vdi nd lire ciia minh, cim Thii tudng Theresa May da dat dugc nhting ket qua trong viec cimg vdi EU xay dung ban thoa thuan Brexit. Tuy nhien, mpt so van de trong ban thoa thuan khdng lam vira long cae nghi sT Anh, bupc ba phai tir chirc Tdi lugt minh, tan Thu tudng Borris Johnson, vdi y chi va quyet tam cua minh, muon thao gd niit that nay, Viec Anh va EU dat duae thoa thuan ngay 17.10tudng da ket thuc chuoi thdi gian day bien dpng tren chinh trudng nude Anh de cugc chia moi trudng, canh sat, hai quan, ciing nhu tay vdi EU duae suon se sau 46 nam ciing cac van de khac Tao co sd cho su hgp tac chung mdt khoi, nhung xem ra eau chuyen hanh chinh de co duac sir mmh bach hoan dai ky van chua the chara diit.
Nguon
- Nhirng kich ban trong cupc khiing hoang Brexit, AFP/Reuters, TTXVN, 9/2019 - Tien trinh Brexit doi mat vdi nhi6u thaeh thuc, RFI,Sputniknews, TTXVN, 9/2019 - Trd ngai ldn nh^t eua Brexit, TTXVN, Singapore, 10/2019.
Ngay nhan bai: 20/10/2019
Tap chi 1 1 2 Kmh doonh vd Cong nghe
