Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 2/2014
THONG BAO KHOA HOC
HIEN TRANG KHAI THAC TOM HUM GIONG TAI VINH VAN PHONG, TINH KHANH HOA
STATUS OF SEED LOBSTERS FISHING IN VAN PHONG BAY, KHANHHOA PROVINCE
va Nhir Tdn', TrSn Van DUng' Ngay nhiin bai: 22/4/2013, Ngay phan Wen thong qua: 25/9/2013; Ngay duyet dang' 02/6/2014
T O M T A T
Nghien cuu duac thtfc hi4n trong nam 2012 - 2013 nhdm danh gtd hien trang cua nghe khai thdc lom hitm giong tg.i vinh Vdn Phong, tinh Khdnh Hoa Trong nghien ciru ndy. chting toi lien hdnh dieu tra, thu mdu vd phong vdn 243 hp trong long so 618 hp khai ihdc lom hikm giong Irong vfnh Vdn Phong Ket qud nghien ciiu cho ihdy torn hum giong chii yeu duac khai thdc bang hinh ihuc lum mdnh (72.02%), bdy (2!.81%) vd Idn (6.17%) Cdc lodi torn hiim giong du(rc khai thdc chu yeu cho nghe nuoi thutmgphdm Id lom hum bong (Panulirus omatus) -vd tom hiim xanh (P. Homarus) Miia khai thdc chinh bdt ddu vdo thdng 10 din ihdng 4 ndm sau. lap trung vao cdc thdng 12.1 vd 2. Sdn luang torn giong khai ihdc dat 369.119 con vdi gid tri icdc tinh tren 76 ly dong Tuy nhien. nhieu bdt cap con ton tai trong nghi khai thdc lom hiim giong d dia phucmg nhu kich ca giong qud nho. ty le hao Ayt cao, phuangphdp khai Ihdc chua theo huang ben virng, tdc dong lieu ofc den nguon lai san ho vdo nhiem mdi trudng. Nghien cuu cung dexuat mot so gidi phdp lien quan den kythuat, quy hoach vd chinh sdch nham gdp phdt trien nghe khai thdc torn hiim giong theo hudng ben vOng.
Tic khoa • khai thdc. torn him giong, hi^n trang. vfnh Vdn Phong, bdy, ludi mdnh, ldn A B S T R A C T
The survey was conducted between 2012 and 2013 in order to evaluate the status of seed lobsters exploitation in Van Phong bay, Khanh Hoa province. In this survey, 243 samples in Ihe total of 618 seed lobsters exploiting households in Van Phong bay -were investigated and interviewed by common survey methods. The result showed that lobster juveniles are mainly caught by the methods of seine net (72.02%). traps (21.81%) and diving (6.17%) The major species exploited for grow-out culture here were ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus omatus) and scalloped spmy lobster (P. Homarus) The major harvesting season is from October to Apnl of the following year, focusing on December, January and February. The number ofestimately harvested seed lobsters was 369.119 lobsters with the values of over 76 billion VND. However, there have still been many problems in the lobsters exploiting industry in the local areas such as small size, high mortality rate, using unsustainable exploiting methods, affecting the coral resources and environmental pollution The study also pulforward a large number of solutions related to techniques, plans and policies in order to develop the seed lobster fishing industry in the local areas conformable to the sustainable.
Keywords: exploiting, seed lobster, status. Van Phong bay, trap, seine net, diving
I. DAT V A N D £ tdm hum gilng cao nhat cd nudc [6]. Khu vgc nay VOng biln Khdnh Hda cd nhilu dilu kien c6 n l n day dd, nhieu hang hoc, rgn san h i , nhilu tg nhien thufin Igi cho nghi khai thdc tfim hCim dao, vmh kin gid, mli tnj'dng on djnh, .. ratphuhgp gilng vd nudi tdm hum thuang phim (vdi ehieu cho tfim hum smh song giai dogn l u trung vd con ddi 385km dudng bd bien khiic khuyu vd cde dao non. Trong dd, vjnh Vdn Phong Id m|t trong nhung ven bd) [4]. Khanh Hda la mfit trong ba tinh {ciing khu vyc thugn Igi nhit cho nghi khai thdc l l m vdi Binh Djnh vd Phii Yfin) cd sdn lugng khai thac hum giong.
' ThS. Vu NhLF Tan; Vi$n Khoa hoc vd CSng ngh# khai thdc thOy san - Tnrdng Dgi hpc Nha Trang
^ ThS. Trin Vdn Dung: Vi#n Nu6i tring thuy sdn - Tnrcrng Dgi hpc Nha Trang
IPLTONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 51
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thdy sdn So 2/2014
Nghe khai thdc tdm hiim gilng d Khanh Hdandi chung va vmh Vdn Phong ndi nfing bat dau tir dau nhung nam 1990 [8], D i n nay, san lugng vd gia tri cua nghi khai thae va nudi tim hum giong lifin tuc tang, Trong vu khai thac tdm hiim giong 2005 - 2006, tong s6 torn hijm bong va tdm hum xanh khai thdc dugc trfin c i nudc Id 2.412.075 eon giong nhung den vu 2007 - 2008 so luong Ifin din 3.009 967 con gilng [6]. Nhu eau ve tfim hiim giong su dyng eho null thuang pham lien tuc tang nhanh:
nam 1999 nhu cau v l t i m hiim giong chi mdi 0,5 trifiu con nhung den nam 2003 nhu c l u da tdng Ifin tdi trfin 3,5 trieu con [9]. Ciing vdi do, so ling null tdm hiim thuang pham d Vifit Nam da tang nhanh tir nam 1999 va dgt dinh cao vdo ndm 2006 vdi khodng 49.000 long cho san luang khodng gan 1,900 tan, tuang duang vdi khodng 90 tnfiu dd la My [6]. Nam 2011. so lugng long nudi tfim hiim d Khanh Hda len den 27.700 long vdi sdn luang vd gia tri hang nam udc dgt gan 1.000 tan vd trfin 1.000 ty dong [3\.
Nghe khai thdc tdm hiim gilng phdt trien da cd nhung ddng gdp tich cue d l i vdi cdng dong dan eu ven bien vjnh Van Phong Nhieu ngdnh nghi phu trg ra ddi ciing vdi sg phat trien eua nghfi khai thac tdm hum giong va nudi tdm hum thuang pham nhu nghe san xult ngu cu, khai thac ca tap va nhilu djch vu nudi tring thuy san khac. Su phdt tnen cCia nhCrng nganh nghe nay da tgo cdng an viec idm, tang thu nhap vd cdi thifin ddi sing ciJa nhilu cfing ddng cu ddn ven biln vinh Van Phong.
Tuy nhien, do nguon tdm hiim giong eung clp cho nudi thuang pham hifin nay van phu thufic hoan vao nguon lgi ty nhifin Lgi nhuan cao mang Igi tir nghe khai thac tdm hum gilng da dan din ngudi ddn khai thdc o at, tu phat, khong theo quy hogch.
SLP dyng cae phuang phap khai thdc khdng bin vung. Hgu qua Id da gay dnh hudng xau din nguon lgi thuy sdn ndi chung va ngudn lgi tdm hiim giong ndi rieng. Ty lfi tdm gilng hao hyt cao, o nhifim mfii trudng vd dnh hudng den hfi smh thdi ven bd Id nhOng tac dfing tieu cyc thdy rd tir nghfi khai thac tdm hiim giong. Nghifin cuu duac thgc hien nhdm danh gia hien trgng nghe khai thdc tdm hiim giong d vmh Vdn Phong, trfin ca sd dd d l xult mot sd giai phap phat trien theo hudng ben vO'ng.
II. D 6 | Tli-gNG VA PHU'O'NG PHAP NGHIEN CCfU Nghien edu dugc thgc hifin trong ndm 2012 vd 2013 thong qua vific dieu tra hifin trang nghi khai thdc tdm hiim gilng tgi vinh Van Phong. S l lieu thu cap dugc thu tir cdc bao cdo vd tai lifiu tir cac ca quan chirc nang dja phuang vd Ihdng tin da xuat ban. So lifiu sa cap duac thu thgp thfing qua phuang phap danh gid nhanh ndng thdn (RRA) vd phuang phdp dieu tra qua phieu (QS),
Trfin ca sd s l hd khai thac tdm hijm giong d vjnh Van Phong (618 hi) theo bao cao nhanh cua
Phdng Kmh t l huyfin Vgn Ninh, tiln hdnh dieu tra nglu nhiin 243 h<i khai thdc theo cfing thuc cda Yamane [10]. NhiJng thing tin chinh dugc thu t h ^ gim: Dja diem, mOa vy, hinh thirc, cudng dfi khai thdc, thdnh phin lodi, kich cd con gilng; nhung vln d l cdn t i n tgi cua nghi khai thae t i m hdm gilng, Sdn lugng tdm hdm gilng khai thdc dugc tfnh theo phuang phdp udc tinh sdn lugng cua FAO [5]. Tifiu ehuIn ddnh gia chit lugng tdm hum giong dua trfin quylt djnh s l 2383/2008/QD-BNN-NTTS eua Bp Ndng nghifip va Phdt trien ning thin [1]. Trfin co sd dd, d l xuat mpt so gidi phdp phat triln nghe khai thdc tom hdm giong d dja phuang theo hudng ben vung. Cdc s l hfiu sau khi thu thdp dugc xu ly tren phan mem Microsoft Excel 2003.
III. K^T QUA NGHIEN CCCU VA T H A O L U A N 1. Thong tin v l n g u ^ i khai thdc torn hdm giong
Khu vuc vinh Van Phong t » 618 hp khai thac tdm hiim giong dugc phan b l d cde xa nhu Van Thanh, Oai Lanh, thj tran Vgn Gia, Van Thing Hau hit ngudi khai thac deu trong do tuoi lao ddng. Vdi dp tuoi trung binh khoang 40, hlu h i t ngudi khai thdc tim hiim cd sire khde tot. Tuy nhifin, trinh do hpc vln thip la mfit trong nhtrng trd ngai trong vigc phat tnen ben vO-ng nghe khai thdc tim hiim giing tai dia phuang.
9.05% ".00% __6.17%
Q C l p I
• Clp2
Hinh 2. lYinh d$ bgc van ciiH ngirdi khai thic t6ni hilm giong tai v|nh VSn Phong (n = 243)
52 • TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 2/2014
K i t qua dieu tra cho thay hau hit ngudi khaithdc tdm hum gilng cd trinh dp hpc van c l p 1 vd 2 (52,26% vd 32,51%). Trong khi dd, trinh dfi hpe v l n c l p 3 chi g i p 1,5 lan so vdi s l ngudi mu chu"
(9,05% so vdi 6,17%). Ngoai ra, khdng ai cd trinh dp tu trung c l p trd Ifin hogc cd chifng chi, bdng c l p v l chuyen ngdnh khai thdc thuy san. Dieu ndy gay ra nhu'ng trd ngai Idn trong vific tilp cdn vd su dyng cdc phuang tifin khai thdc tifin l i l n , ben vung, cac van ban quy djnh cua ca quan chuc nang ve khai thac va su dyng b i n vung nguon lai tu nhien d dia phuang ndi ehung vd tfim hiim giong ndi rieng.
2. Oja d i l m khai thdc
Vinh Van Phong Id khu vgc khai thac tom hiim gilng chu y l u cua ngu dan cdc xa Vgn Thgnh, Dgi Lanh, Vgn Thing, thj tran Vgn Nmh, Van Hung va Ninh Phudc vdi difin tich khoang 80.000 ha. Khu vgc nay cd dja hinh phong phu bao gdm he thing dao, ban dao, vjnh sau va kin gid. Dac bifit day Id khu vuc ed he sinh thai da dang nhu rirng nhifit ddi, rCrng nggp man, dfing thuc vat biln ndng ven bd k i t hgp vdi nen ddy dd, san hd, nhilu hang hoc Id nai thieh hgp eho tdm hum sinh song giai dogn hdu l u tnJng va giai doan tdm con. Do vgy, day Id dja diem eo tiem nang rat Idn d l khai thac tdm hiim gilng cho nghe nudi thuang pham. Gac dja dilm tap trung khai thac thdc trfin vjnh Van Phong duge minh hga a hinh 3 la: Khu vgc bien xung quanh Hdn Ldn (5), Hdn Sang (6), Hdn Ong (7), ven biln xa Van Thing va Hdn Bjp (1), ven bien thj trin Vgn Gia (2). ven bien xa Van Hung (3), ven biln xa Ninh Phudc (4). Ben canh dd, edn mdt so khu vuc cung Id ngu trudng cua nghi khai thac tdm hdm giong nhung tdp trung vdi s l lugng it han nhu: Hdn Dd, Hdn Mai, Hdn Tai va ven biln xa Nmh ThOy.
3. Phuang thiPc khai thdc
Tdm hum gilng trong vjnh Vdn Phong dugc khai thdc bdng ba phuang phdp chu y l u la ludi manh, biy vd Ign bit. Trong dd, phuang phap biy thudng su dyng cac dyng cy nhu san ho, gd, cao su va k i t hgp vdi ludi. Trong qud trinh khai thdc, ngudi ddn thudng kit hgp su dyng dnh sdng vdi hinh thdc khai thdc bang ludi mdnh vd biy nhdm gia tang hifiu qua khai thdc.
Hinh 3. Khu vpc tgp trung khai thac trSn vjnh Van Phong
Hinh 4. Cdc phuomg phap khai thac tfim hiim giong lai vinh Van Phong (n - 243) Tdy theo dieu kien tu nhifin cy the tai mfii vdng, ngudi ddn tien hdnh sO dyng cac loai ngu cy khac nhau de khai thac. Trong dd, hinh thuc khai thac bang ludi mdnh dugc ngudi dan su dyng nhifiu nhit chifim 72,02% (175 hp), tiep theo Id bay 21,81 % (53 hp), trong khi do, chi cd 6,17% so hfi khai thac bdng hinh thirc Ign.
Mil phuang phap khai thac cd uu nhugc dilm rifing, Tdy thufic vdo do sdu, sdng gid va vj tri trong vmh md cae hd tiln hanh su dyng eac phuang ph^p khai thdc khac nhau, Phuang thuc khai thac bang ludi mdnh (2a = 5 mm, chieu dai 150 m, chilu eao 4 - 6 m) kit hgp vdi anh sang den neon (hogc den cao dp) duge su dyng d nhtrng vung cd sdng gid nhd han cap 6 va dp sdu dudi 15 m Phuang thirc khai thac bdng biy cd t h l dp dyng khai thac trfin toan vmh, d dfi sdu thap khodng lir 5 d i n 10 m. Phuang phdp lan bat thudng ap dung cho nhOng viing cd dp sau thip dudi 5 m. Vao miia vy chfnh (tij thang 10 den thang 4 ndm sau), cdc hd thudng sir dyng ca ba hinh thirc khai thae, trong khi dd, vdo mda phu (thang 5 - 9), phuong phap Ign bit dugc dp dyng pho biln.
Hinh thuc khai thac bdng ludi manh cho hieu qua cao han hai phuang phap cdn lai. Tuy nhien, kich thudc tdm hiim gilng khai thac nhd ( 7 - 9 mm CL).
Tom cd mdu trang nen khd quan sdt.
T i m hum khai thdc theo hinh thirc bay thudng khde han so vdi tdm khai thac bdng ludi mdnh, nhung
TR J O N G DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 53
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 2/20141 [
sdn pham khai thdc vln Id tfim tring (7 - 9 mm CL).Ngodi ra, vipc khai thde san hfi Idm biy cdn dnh hudng nghiem trpng d i n mli trudng vd nguin lgi san hd tu nhifin.
Hinh thirc Ign bit thudng thu dugc tom gilng CO kich thude Idn nhit (15 - 20 mm CL) - t i m bp cap, Tdm cd chat lugng t i t nhit so vdi cdc hinh thdc ddnh bat khde.
4. MiJa VM khai thac
Tom hdm giong dugc khai thde quanh nam nhung tdp trung td' thdng 10 den thdng 4 nam sau (vy ehinh). Trong dd, ede thdng 12 d i n thdng 2 cho so lugng con gilng khai thdc eao nhit. Vao vy khai thac chfnh, cd 3 hinh thd'c khai thac d i u dugc dp dung, trong khi chf cd hinh thdc lan dugc sir dyng trong miia khai thdc phy (tip thdng 5 den thang 9).
So ngdy khai thde trong thdng cd su khac nhau tuy thupe hinh thirc khai thdc. D l i vdi hinh thirc bdy, ngu ddn tha biy tu thdng 9 eho d i n thdng 4 hoac thdng 5 nam sau. Hinh thdc bay cd so ngdy khai thdc trong thang Idn nhit 30 ngay, trong khi con so nay cua hinh thuc ludi mdnh vd lan bat lan lugt la 18 ± 2,8 ngdy vd 15 ± 3.5 ngdy. Thdng thudng, nhung ngay biln dpng, lugng tfim hum gilng vao bay hay ludi mdnh cao han so vdi ngdy biln Igng.
Su phan bo hinh thd'c khai thdc theo cdc thang cd sg khac nhau duac trinh bdy d hinh 4.
6. San l u ^ n g va gia trj
K i t qud khao sdt sdn lugng vd gia tri duge trinh Bdng 1. \fcrc lugng san pham khai
Hinb 5. TI If phin trim Unh thnc kbai thic theo mia v^
5. Thdnh p h i n lodi va Rich c& khai thdc Cdc lodi tdm hum giong khai thdc dugc tr vinh Vdn Phong chCi yeu Id t i m hum bflng (Panullnjs omatus) chilm 65%, tdm hdm xanh (P. homarus) chilm 35%. H l u h i t ngudi ddn sir dyng hai logi iam ndy d l uang nudi thdnh tdm thuang phim. ThM phin khai thac m l i ioai cung rat khde nhau vS tuy thu|c theo tirng thdi dilm.
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\ DTBraHmbftng -:-..-:-• -I- 1 BTHnilitoiiMli
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Hinh 6. Thinh ph^n loM tSm biim giong khai thic 0- vinb VSn Phong
bay d bdng 1 vd bang 2.
thac tdm hiim giong v vjnh Van Phong
Bang 2. U'd'c lugng gid trj khai thdc torn hiim giong d vjnh Van Phong
T T
1 2 3
Phinmg thtrc khai thic Lijoi mSnh
BSy Lan
CPUE 15 5 3
So ngay hoat dgng tiem ning (ngay/nam)
142 186 220
S6 h9 Ithai thdc 175
53 15
B A C
86 90 80 Tong (con)
Sinlifvng 316.838 44.361 7.920 369.119
Loai tdm Tdm hum bfing Tom hum xanh
Ti 1^ torn giong (%) 65 35
S6 liFQ'ng tCrng lo^l 239.927 129.192
Doin gid 280.000 70.000 Tong
Thinh tidn (d&ng) 67.179.567.000 9.043.440.000 76.223.007.000 Tu bdng 1 vd 2 cho thay, nang suit khai &iac tdm
hum giong phy thufic vdo tirng hinh thue khai thac.
Hinh thdc ludi manh cho nang suit 10-20 con/tau/
ngay, tilp theo Id biy 4 - 7 con/1000 biy/ngay va lan bat dugc tu 2 din 4 con/ngudi lan/ngdy. Kich cd khai thac tdm gilng ed sg phy thupc vdo loai ngu cu khai thdc. Trong dd, ludi mdnh va bay chu y l u thu dugc
tdm trdng (7 - 9 mm CL) trong khi hinh thdc Ign chO y l u thu dugc tdm bp cap (15 - 20 mm CL).
Gid ban tom hum giong ed su biln d|ng Idn tdy thufic vdo lodi, miia vy khai thac vd nhu elu nufii hdng nam, san lugng tdm hiim xult khiu. Tflm hiim bing cd gia cao (150 - 330 ngdn dong/eon), trong khi tflm hiim xanh cd gia ttr 40 - 80 ngdn ding/con.
54 • TRLfONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thdy sdn
Trong vg khai thdc 2012 - 2013, san lugng khai thac tdm hiim giong d vinh Vdn Phong udc dgt 369.119 con, tuang duang vdi khoang 76 t^ ddng.7. Mgt s l ton tai trong nghe khai thdc tfim hiim giong Mac dil mang Igi hifiu qua kinh t l cao nhung nghe khai thdc tdm hum giong tgi dja phuang cting ed nhung tac dfing tieu cue d i n nguin Igi tom hdm vd mdi trudng t g nhifin. Vific khai thde san hd d l ldm bay da dnh hudng den nguin Igi san ho. cd rgn vd hg sinh thdi ven bd. Ty lfi hao hut trong qua trinh uang nufli thudng ldn dao ddng 20 d i n 50% [3].
Ngoai ra, nghi khai thac torn hum giong eung dnh hudng den eanh quan mdi tnjdng trong vjnh Vdn Phong, mdu thuin Igi ich vdi nhilu hoat ddng kinh t l khac nhu du Ijch, vdn tai bien, khai thde hdi sdn, bai tdm, nuoi Ilng be,.. Ngu cy thai bd, dau cgn, rdc thdi sinh hogt tir nghfi khai thdc tom hdm giong la nguyfin nhan gay fl nhilm mdi trudng tgi cdc vdng bai biln v l n da dugc quy hoach phat trien cac hogt dpng du Ijch, Idm xau canh quan mfli trudng tg nhien
8. M6t so giai phap phat trien nghe khai thdc torn hiim g i l n g theo hu-dng ben virng
De phat trien n g h i khai thdc t i m hiim ging theo hirdng bfin vtrng, can cd su ket hgp giira chinh quyin dja phuang, cdc co quan chuyfin mfln vd ngufi^i khai thde trong vigc thgc thi eac giai phap lien quan den quy hoach, chfnh sach vd ky thuat. Trudc hit, cdn quy hoach mua vu khai thdc tflm hdm gilng trong nam. Nen khai thac tdm bg cgp (30 - 50 mm TL) thay vi tdm tring nhdm gdp phdn giam hao hyt, nang cao ty lfi sing trong qua trinh nudi. Nfin khoanh vdng khai thdc luan phien, trdnh khai thac tdp trung tgi mpt khu vgc nhat djnh gay cgn kigt nguin tgi tflm hum giong. Dong thdi, khfing su dgng bay san ho trong qua trinh khai thac nhdm ban c h l tdc dflng tifiu cgc d i n nguin Igi vd hfi sinh thdi san hd t u nhifin. Hinh thtrc Ign bat cung nen hgn ehl nham giam nguy ca tai ngn cho ngudi khai thdc. Hgn c h l khai thdc tdm bd me vdo mCia sinh san nhdm bdo ton nguin Igi t i m hiim t g nhifin. Chinh quyen dja phuang vd cdc ca quan ehue nang can tdng eudng cdc bifin phdp tuyen truyin, giao dgc, ndng cao y thuc ngudi ddn trong vific khai thdc vd SLP dgng nguin Igi tfim hdm giong. D i n g thdi nam vi/ng vd thuc thi cde ehinh sdch lifin quan den bao vfi nguon Igi va mfii trudng viing nuli tflm hdm. Ben canh do, can xdy dgng md hinh d i n g quan ly hodc qudn ly nghi cd
dga vdo cpng dong de dam bao vific khai thdc tflm hiim gilng mang tinh b i n virng.
IV. KtT LUAN VA K | £ N NGHj I . K i t luan
Tir ket qud dilu tra khao sdt thgc trgng nghi khai thde tdm hum giong tai vjnh Vdn Phong, nghifin cdu da chi ra rang:
Nghi khai thdc tdm hiim gilng d ddy cd t h l su dyng cdc ngu cy thfl sa, tu che nhu biy san hfl k i t hgp ludi, ludi mdnh kit hgp dnh sdng, nghe Ign bit.
Trong dd, ludi mdnh chilm ty lfi cao nhit 72,1%.
Nghi khai thac tflm hiim giong ed the coi Id nghe lao dfing gian don, chd y l u ddng sdc ngudi, lly cdng lam lai.
H l u h i t ngu dan Id nhirng ngudi cd hpc v l n thip thdm chi khfing biet chip (6,2%), trinh dfi cap tieu hpc chiem ty lfi cao (52,3%).
Thdi gian khai thdc torn hiim giong d day dien ra h l u nhu quanh nam nhung khai thdc tdp trung tir thang 10 den thdng 4 nam sau, ddnh bat ca vdo thdi gian dm tnjng cua tflm b l mg.
D l i tugng khai thdc tdm hdm giong d ddy chd yeu la tflm hiim bflng, tflm hum xanh. Hai loai nay dugc ngudi null tdm thuang phim t'fiu thy.
Thanh phan san pham khai thae chia lam 2 logi:
tfim hiim trdng vd tdm hdm bp cgp trong dfl chu y l u Id tom hiim trang cd kich cd nhd ( 7 - 9 mm CL).
Sdn lugng vd gid tri tfim hdm gilng khai thdc d vjnh Van Phong udc dat 369 119 con va tren 76 ty dong.
Nhieu b i t cgp cdn ton tgi trong nghe khai thdc tfim hum giong tai vjnh Vdn Phong lifin quan d i n v l n d l d nhifim mfii trudng, suy giam nguin lgi t i m hdm gilng va sg phat trien ben vu-ng eua nghe tgi dia phuang
Mdt so giai phdp budc dau dugc dua ra nhim hgn ehl tac dflng tifiu cgc vd phdt triln nghi khai thde t i m hiim giong.
2. Kien nghj
C i n cd sg k i t hgp giua chfnh quyen dja phuang, cde ea quan chuyfin mfin vd ngudi khai thac trong vific thuc thi cae glai phdp lifin quan d i n quy hogch, chinh sach va ky thufit nhdm phdt tnln nghe khai thac tflm hiim ging Iheo hudng ben vCrng.
C i n cd eac nghifin cdu ting t h l ve hifin trgng khai thdc tflm hdm giong trfin phgm vi ea nude d l Idm ca sd cho vific xdy dgng vd ban thdnh cdc quy dinh, van bdn lifin quan nhdm qudn ly nghe khai thde tdm hiim giong phat triln theo hudng ben virng.
T R U 6 N G OAI HOC NHA TRANG • 55
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghi, Thdy sdn S6 2/2014
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tteng Vifl
1 Bq Nong nghiep v^ Phat trien nong thon, 2008, Quy6t djnh so 2383/2008/QD-BNN-NTTS ngay 6 thdng 8 niim 2008 ve vi?c ban hanh Quy dinh tam thai ve nuoi lom hiim.
2 Phong Kinh tS thanh ph6 Nha Trang, 2011. Bao cao Ket qua th^rc hien Ke hoach th4o da biy nhii lom hiim d$t trai phep tieD viing bi6n vmh l ^ a Trang
3. So Nong nghiep va Phat t n ^ nong thon Khanh Hoa, 2011 Bao cao thuirag nien.
4 Nguyin Duy Toin, 2007. Bai giang Dja ly kinh tl nghg ck. Trucmg D?ii hpc Nha Trang.
Tieng Anh
5. FAO, 2004, Safety in sampling Methodological notes in FAO Fisheries Techmcal Paper 454.
6 Hung Lai Van and Tuan Le Anh, 2008. Lobster seacage culture in Vietnam. In Spmy lobster aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region (ed.- Kevin C Williams) Proceedings of an international symposium held at Nha Trang, Vietnam: 10-17.
7 Long Nguyen Van and Hoc Dao Tan, 2008. Census of lobster seed captured from thecenlral coastal waters of Vietnam for aquaculture grow-out, 2005 - 2008. In: Spiny lobster aquaculture in the Asia -Pacific region (Ed: Kevm C. Williams): 52-58.
8 Thuy Nguyen Thi Bich and Ngoc Nguyen Bich, 2004 Current status and exploitation of wild spiny lobsters in Vietnamese waters In Spiny lobster ecology and exploitation in the South China Sea region (ed.: Kevin C.Williams): 13-16.
9. Tuan Le Anh and Mao Nguyen Dmh, 2004 Present Status of Lobster Cage Culture in Vietnam In: Spiny lobster ecology and exploitation in the South Chma Sea region (ed.: Kevin C.Williams). Proceedings of a workshop held at the Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Vietnam, July 2004 21-25.
10 Yamane, T., 1967 Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed , New York: Harper and Row.
56 • TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
