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2. S i n m Vinh Chiu . i Nguvfn Vin Tl,u ,20.4). ' ^5">™ V i " Thu v i Ngnyfn Thi Kin. Dong , 2 W Dieu , „ h,C.n .ring chin nuo, .ho o IV.ng bing song Cuu "gh, n ™ . anh h™,g ™, 1.. „ u m m - t * - ' Long T,p ch, KhS, h„c Tn,™g Da. h(» Can 11,0. Phan '-"S V '«" fV J n g truong cua ,1,0 ca. !•" J " ; " "
B. Nong ngh.tp. T1,uy « n va Cong nghj sinh hoc. 32.1-S. "Sh-e" <• Can Tho. Tap ch.' Kho., h^v. T„n,ns Da, hoc 3. Hoang Vin Du (2010) Ngh.en cuu benh cau Uung 0 * 0 an ^ o, 9. 19-2--, ^ ^„,'„
nuo. lai hnh Bac C m g va b.i-n phip phong W, De to. 7 NguyonXuan Trach,Nguyfn Thi Dirang Hoven, iNguyen nghien cuu khoa hoc cap CO so. Dai hoc Nong Um. Ha \\%i Ngflc Bang va Mai Th; Thom (2012. \j;li.c.. cm. su 4 NguyJn Thj Hicn va Ngovcn Thi Tlianh Thio (2005) d^ng mgt so' loa. thuc in <anh gi.u. r '.™ >'»o I*™
Thanh pha-n d.nh duong cua ihil tho. Hj. ngh. Khoa hoc phan nuo. tho nhap ng.. Bio cao l.n.g kci Jc . " M>o» <W a CcSng nghe lan 9. Tiuong Da. hoc Bach khoa. Thanh vi. cong nghe cap co so. Da. hoc Nong Lam lhanh pha
ph.'. Ho Chi M.nh Trang 142-50. Ho Chi M.nh.
TINH HINH NHIEM CAU TRUNG O GA NUOI TAI MQT SO TRANG TRAI THUOC TINH PHU THQ
Nguyen Nggc Minb Tud'id*. Bin Khdnh Linb-, Ngityh Hodng Viinh", Nguyen Dinh Giang', Vil Vinnh Mai', Le Tbi Lan Anb^ vd Chau Thi Liiyen^
N g a y n h a n bai bao: 11/03/2019 - Ngay nlian bai p h a n bifn: 30/03/2019 Ngav bai bao d u g c chap n h g n d a n g : 14/04/2019
T O M T A T
Khao sat linh hinh nhiem cau triing tren mft so trang trai chan nuoi tinh Phit Thp cho tha'y ty If nhiem cao, len dcn 57,67'.i Ga nudi theo phuong thiic nuoi nhoi cd ty If nhiem 80% cao hon rat nhieu Ml \ ill phirong thlic dian tha vuim 26,67% Liia tuoi mac cau triing nhieu nha't la ga dudi 1 thang tudi. Kiii ga mac bfnh quan sat tha'y cac bieu hifn nhir u rii, long xii, canh sa, it van dpng. giam an, niem mac nhpt nhgt, phan lan mau tuoi hoac phan sap, phan lan mang nhay mau hong. Mo kham tha'y manh trang ga mac tt^nh cang phiing chiia da\- mau tuoi hoac cyc mau da kho. Sau khi dinh danh tim dugc 5 loai cau triing tmng sd'9 loai da fim thay tren the gidi thupc gidhg Eimeria, do la E. tenella, E. brunefti, E. necatrix, E.
milis va E ma.\inui.
Tir khoi' Pbu Tlio, ty le iihihii. eau trimg, Eimeria.
ABSTRACT
Investigation of the prevalance of Avian coccidiosis at some farm in Phu T h o province Survey carried out Avian coccidiosis at some farm in Phu Tho province showed that prevalence of Coccidiosis quite high u p to 57.67%. Prevalence of caged chickens was 80% higher than free-range chickens wore 26.67^b. Age of the chicken at less than 1 month was tbe higest infc-ctcd coccidiosis.
Observed chicken was infected coccidiosis has clinical signs: droopiness, ruffled feathcTs, acting diilled, refuse to eat, loss weigh, blood or mucus in the feces. The autopsy illustrated that caeca of infected chicken were inflamed with fresh blood or dry clot of blood, Identihcation of the different species was based on the criteria of oocyst morphology, location a n d characteristics of intestinal lesion. Five of nine Eimeria species of the comestic chickens were identified, namely E tenella, E.
brunelfi, E nccalnx. E. mitts and £. nia.\ima.
Key words. Phu Tlio. infection prevalance, coccidia, Einieria.
' Tmong Dai hpc Hung \ inTng, tmh Phu Thp -HocMCii \oni: nghwp \ lyl \,im
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I.BATVANDE
Bfnh cau trimg ga (Avian Coccidiosis) la mgt trong nhiing bfnh kha pho bie'n hong chan nudi gia cam tgi Vift Nam. Bfnh gay ra do mgt dgng dan bao (Eimeria spp.) sd'ng ky sinh trong hf thd'ng te bag bieu md rudt, lam ton thuong mo, anh hudng d&i qua hinh Heu hoa hoac ha'p tbu cha't dinh dudng, gay ma't nude, ma't mau va t5ng tinh man cam vdi nhiing tac nhan gay bfnh khac (Calnek va ctv, 1997), Hau qua dan deh ga b) edi cgc, chgm Idn, anh hudng de'n tdc do sinh trudng va siie san xua^ cua ga, gay tbiet hgi Idn vekinh te'cho ngudi chan nudi. Bfnh cau triing cd ty If che't 50-70% sd'ga mac benh, gay td'n that ldn ddi ddi vdi gia cam 1-3 thang tudi. Ga con sau khi mac bfnh thudng eoi cpc chgm ldn, khdi Iugng giam 12-30%, ra't khd phyc hoi lai binh thirdng (Nguyen Thi Kim Lan va ctv, 1999).
Tgi Vift Nam, ty If nhiem cau triing ga la 4-100% va ty If che't la 5-15% (Luang Tan Phat va Biii Tran Anh Dao, 2011). Tac gia ciing cho ring mpt sd' Ioai eau triing gay bfnh hen gid'ng ga Luong Phugng dupc xac dinh la £. tenella, E. hrunetti, E. necatrix, E. maxima, E. mitis. Tinh Phii Thp ed 12 trieu con gia cam, dung thii hai ve tdng dan hong cac Hnh thugc vung Trung du mien niii phia Bae (Tdng eye thd'ng ke, 6/2018).
Nham danli gia tinh liinli nliiem bfnh cau trimg d ga nudi tgi Phu Thg, de tai "Klido sdt tinh Innh nhiem cau trting dga nuoi tai mgt so trang trgi thugc tinb Pbu Vig" da dugc tieh hanh.
2. VAT U | U VA PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN CUV
2.1. Vat lifu
Thu thap 120 mau phan cua ga nghi mac bfnh cau triing tgi mpt so' Hang/gia trai d 4 huyf n/TP thupc Hnh Phii Thg: TP Viet Tri, Phii Ninh, Lam Thao, Cam Khe, Hi thang 10/2018 den tbang 2/2019.
2.2. Phuang phap
2,2.1. Quan sdt trieu chi'mg Idm sdng, lay man dinh loai cSu tning
Lay mau pban lap cau trung dupe thuc bifn theo Quy trinh Chan doan benh cau triing ga 10 TCN 726-2006 (Bp NN&PTNT,
2006). Mau pban eua ga nghi mac benh dugc thu thap va dung vao d'ng nhua vd triing 15ml. Dan nhan ghi day du thdng tin ve ma mau. Ilia tuoi, phucmg thiie nudi, Hnh trgng phan, ... Mau dugc van chuyen de'n phdng thi nghiem Khoa Ndng Lam Ngu - Trudng Dai hgc Hiing Vuong de kiem tra va dinh loai eau trung.
2.2.2. Phd noi Fullebom
La'y 5-lOg phan cho vao ed'e nhd, dimg diia thuy tinh khuay nat phan hong 40-50ml nude mudi NaCI bao hoa. Sau do lpc qua ludi Ipc de loai hii' phan can. Dung dich Igc duge de yen tinh trong Ip Heu ban (mieng hep, day rpng). Sau khoang 15-30 phut, tning se ndi Ien. Diing vdng vdt thep dudng kinh 5mm vdt Idp vang d phia tren, de Ien phie'n kinh, day lamen, kiem tra dudi kinh hien vi tim noan nang cau trimg.
2.2.3. Thu noan nang cau tiling
Cho 3-5g phan vao cd'e thiiy tinh, them nudc mudi bao hda de'n vgeh 30ml, trgn deu bang diia thiiy tinh va chia deu ra cac d'ng Fancgl lOmI, ly tam 5.000 vdng/phut (10 phitt).
Hiit 3ml phan noi cho vao d'ng Fancol 50ml, them nudc eat de'n vgch 30ml (ty If 1:10), ly tam 10.000 vdng/phut (5 phut), bd phan nude d hen va giii lai 1ml phan can chiia noan nang cau triing.
2.2.4. Nuoi noan nang cau triing
Bd stmg 4ml K^Cr^O., 2% vao hiyp cd 1ml dung dich chiia noan nang eau trimg, nudi d nhiet dp phdng 3-5 ngay de noan nang cau trimg phat hien deh giai doan hinh thanh hi bao tir. Dimg noan nang d giai doan nay de dinh loai eau trimg.
2.2.5. Dinh lodi cdu trung gdy benh a gd bang hinh thdi hoc
Quan sat noan nang da hinh ihanb tu bao tu- hen kinh hien vi Bio blue ed ke't ndi vdi may Hnb, Anh dugc chyp \'a luu giu- hen may tinh, Hen hanh do kieb thudc noan nang va xae dinh Ioai cau trimg thdng qua hinb thai noan nang theo md ta cua Luong Tan Phat va va Biii Tran Anh Dao (2011).
rmUA., „..A! rA 7^^ _ (/„4.,„X ..
'2019
2.2.6. .\ld khdm todn dien coquan tieu hod cua Skrjabin (1928)
Sau khi m d lav t o a n bd e a q u a n tieu h d a , d i m g d a o n h p n h a v keo rach d g c t i m g c o q u a n va k i e m tra rieng t i m g p b a n ( t b u c q u a n , d a d a y eo, dg d a y tuye'n, rugt non, r u g t gia, m a n g t r a n g ) d e Hm eac d g c d i e m b f n h Hcb ciia b e n h cau t r i i n g ga xua't h i e n d t i m g e o q u a n . 2.3. Xii ly s d l i f u
Toan bg sii lifu d u g c xu lv b a n g p b u o n g Bang 1. T h a n h p h a n loai cau
p b a p t h d n g k e s i n h vgt hpc, su d y n g V^'-''^
m e m Excel. S g sai k h a c co \ nghi.i khi r - 0 , 0 5 . 3.K£TQUAVATHAOLUAN
3 . 1 . Xac d i n h t h a n h p h a n loai cau t r i m g g a lai cac t r a n g trgi c h a n n u d i
Tir k e t q u a t h u d u g c v e d a c d i e m h i n h d a n g , kich t h u d c e u a e a u t r i i n g \ .^ M'-'^n sat d g e d i e m b f n b Hcb khi m o k h a m , cd t h e ket l u a n cd 5 loai e a u h i i n g cd m a t d cae t r a n g trgi c h a n n u d i t h e o b a n g s a u :
triing ga tai cac t r a n g trai Ky tii^u loai
Espl Esp2 Esp3 Esp4 Esp5
Hinh d^ng noan nang Klch^hu^K(^l) Tliin gian liinli Uianti bin> ti'i Triyii dmiig Vj Iri vuat hivn bC-nh tich
1 imh irimg hojc Hinli tniog hoac
h.iii dye, khimg co can, kliong co 16 Hinli tning, kliong CO 16 noiin
Hinh cau, kliong Hinh bail dvc, CO 16 noan co 16 noan 19,68x17.29 lS,52vl2,.^ll 20,37x16,65 15,6'«13,4 21,59x16,32
IS-:4 gio 18-24 gio 18-48 gio 18-48 gio 30-48 gio Ga u ru, kem 5n, it van dpng, long xii, canh xoa, niem mac nhpt nhat
Cuoi nipt non, rupt Dau rupt non, gia, tri,rc trang rupt gia, ta trang H. necatrix E. brunetti E mitis E. maxima
Giua mpl non Rupt non
H i n h 1. H i n h a n h m d t s d Ioai cau h i m g d u g c xac d i n h (40X) Ga nudi tai cac h a n g hgi d Phu T h p n h i e m T h e b o va etv (1998) da xac d i n b 3 loai cau trimg: Einieria tenella, Eimeria necatrix, n a y tren g i d n g ga ngi T h u y Dii Einieria brunetti, Eimeria mitis va Eimeria maxima. — -
i triing trgi nuoi ga o phia l a y Iran c u i . ^ ,^^. d h J
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CHAN NUOI DQNG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
loai cau trimg gay bfnh cho gidhg ga Broiler la
£. tenella, E. necatrix, E. maxima va i. acervulina (Gharekhani va eh-, 2014). Anita Haug va ctv (2008) da xac dinh 5 loiii Eimeria gay benh hen ga Broiler, E. acervulina (100%), E. tenella (TT'/o). E.
maxima (25%), E. praecox (10%) va £. necatrix (2%).
Tuy timg dieu kifn dia ly va thdi diein khac nhau dan den su xuat hifn cua hmg loai va ty Ie nhiem ciia ehung eiing ed su khae nhau.
3.2. Ket qua xac dinh ty If nhiem theo thanh phan loai cau trung
Nhieu nghien oiu cho thay ga thudng m^c eimg liic nhieu gid'ng Eimeria khac nhau.
Trong nghien cuu nay da xae dinh dugc ty If nbiem caiu triing theo thanh phan loai tai cac dja diem (Bang 2).
Bdng 2. Nhiem cau trung ga theo loai
Cau triing So mau (n) So mau nhiem Ty 1^ {":••) E mitis 120 13 10,83 U necatrix 120 35 29,17 E. maxima 120 9 7,5 E tenella 120 36 30 E brunetti 120 17 14,17Ty If ga nhiem £. tenella va £. necatrix la cao nbal (30 va 29,17%), £. brunetti chiem 14,17%, tiep theo la £. mitis (10,83%) va Uiap nhat la £.
maxima (7,5%). Theo ngliien ciiu cua Kaboudi vk etv (2016), ty If ga nhiem £. tenella la cao nha't (61,5%). Trong nghien ciiu cua Fakliri va Yakhcbali (2015), ty le nbiem £, maxima va £. mitis la cao nha't lan lugt la 32,67 va 24%, Hong khi dd, ty If nhiem £. tenella la thap nhat (14,67%).
3.3. Ty If nhiem cau trung ga tai cac dia diem nghien cihi
Dan ga d ca bd'n dia diem nghien eiiu deu bi nbiem benh cau triing va cao nha't d Phil Ninh (62,96%), tiep Hieo la TR Vift Tri, Lam Thao, Cam Khe lan lugt la 53,33%; 31,25% va 50,00%. Cac hang trai tai Phit Ninh cd ty If nhiem cau trimg cag hem so vdi ba dia diem edn Igi, ed the la do tgi day eae trang trai cban nudi deu duge xay dyng tir rat lau, he thd'ng chudng trai cii, khau vf sinh cbuong trai kem dan de'n Hnh trang cae noan nang cau trung bai thai van ton tgi trong mdi trudng, dung
cy chan nudi va gay benh cbo ga vdi tj' If eao. Theo Nguyen Thi Kim Lan (2008), bfnh cau triing lay lan qua vat mdi gidi trung gian truyen benh nbu cac dung cy chan nudi, ngucri chan nudi, giay dep, img, phuong Hfn van chuyen... da mang Oocyst cau triing Hi ben ngoai vao khu vuc chudng nudi.
Bang 3. Ty If nhiem cau trimg theo dia ban khao sat
Dia die So mau nhiem Ty le (%)
TP, Viet Tri Phil Ninh LamThao Cam Khe Tinh chung
53,33 62,96 31,25 50,00 56,67
3.4. Ty If nhiem cau triing ga theo phuong thlic chan nudi
Ga nudi nhd't ed ty If nhiem cao nha't (80%) do khi nudi nhd't, cha't thai eua ga nhieu, mat dp day, nen chudng am udt. Theo nghien ciiu cua Bill Khanh Linb va ctv (2018) ga nudi nhd't ed ty If nhiem eao ban do eae ca sd chan nudi khdng chii trpng khau vf sinh mdi trucmg, nen chuong, khdng khi khdng dugc Iuu thdng tao dieu kifn thuan Igi cho bfnh cau trimg phat tan nhanh, ga cd dieu kifn He'p xue vdi noan nang eau triing nhieu, Phuang thiic ban chan tha ed ty le nhiem 49,23% tha'p ban so vdi nudi nhd't, do ga sau 45 ngay mdi chan tha nen ty If nhiem giam tuy nhien van edn kha eao. Phuong thirc ban chan tha cd ty If nhiem tha'p nha't (26,67%). Qua day ed the thay rang phuang thlic chan nudi anh hudng ra't Idn de'n ty le mac benh cau trimg ga.
Bang 4. Nhiem cau triing ga theo phuong thuc nudi
Phuong thlic So n So mau nhiem Ty le (%) NhdtChan iha Ban chan tha
26,67 49,23
'-^-2019
3.5. T y le n h i e m c a u t r i i n g ga t h e o g i d n g Tuy t h u p c v a o gid'ng ga k b a c n h a u cd s i i c d e k b a n g c h d n g lai b f n h k h a c n h a u , vi x a v
\'iec Iga c h g n gid'ng ga td't, p b i i h g p v d i d i e u kifn d i a Iv, k h i bail d e c h a n n u d i c i i n g g i u p g i a m thieu d u g c k h a n a n g m a c b f n h c u a ga.
Ke't q u a k h a o sat tv If n h i e m eau t r i m g g a t h e o gid'ng ga d u p c t h e h i f n d b a n g 5.
Bang 5. N h i e m cau t r u n g ga theo g i d n g
Giong u nhiem Ty 1? ("..)
Talai Mia Son Tay Laidipi Dabaco Hoa Phal
71,42 69,23 32,00 36.S4 66.67 Ty If n h i e m d 3 gidhg ga ta Iai, Mia Scm Tay va H d a Phat Isui lugt la 71,42, 69,23 va 66,67%, de'p theo la gidhg ga D A B A C O (36,84%) va tha'p nha't la gid'ng lai Chpi (32'l;i). Q u a day c u n g la m p t chi Heu g i u p ngu'di chan nudi lua chpn con gid'ng cd s u e d e k h a n g cao, it bi m i e bfnh, tang gia tri kinh te'.
3.6. T y If n h i e m cau t r i i n g g a t h e o lira t u d i Tudi la m p t h o n g n h i m g ye'u td' a n h h u d n g n b i e u o b f n b cau triing. Eimeria s p p . CO t h e n b i e m d ga m p i Iiia tudi. Tuy n h i e n , ty If ga n o n mSe b f n h t h u d n g cao b a n s o v d i ga t r u d n g t h a n h .
Bang 6. Ty If n h i e m cau trimg ga t h e o liia t u d i
Tuoi So mau nhiem Ty 1^ (%)
0-1 thang 2-3 thang
>3 thang
Ty If n h i e m cau Himg cao nha't la ga d u d i 1 t h a n g hidi 57,95'V. Ke't qua nay ed su hrcmg d d n g
\-i7i n g h i e n e u u cTia Gharekhani va ct\' (2014) ehi ra r i n g t\' If ga m a c b f n h cau trimg tai Iran cao nha't d lua hidi 4-6 hian tudi (37,5%). Biii K h a n h Linh \'a c h ' (2018) k h a o sat t h u c Hang n h i e m cau h i m g ga o mpt sd' tinh mien BSc Vift X a m d i o
tha'y n h d m hidi m ^ c b f n h cao n h a t Ii g-i '•^^"•^ ^ h i a n tudi. Hep d o i la 2 t h a n g hidi. K . ' qua ^'' '^ '*'' n h i e m cau h i i n g ga tha'p nha't o 3 thang tu6\ v d i ty If 4 0 % phil h g p vdi n g h i e n cihi cua \ g u \ ' e i i Thi Kim Lan (2000). C d the giai thieb eho su k h a c n h a u v e kel q u a n a y s o vdi cac n g l u e n c u u k h a e d a d u p c cdng bd; la d o trong n g h i e n e u u n a y cd s d l u g n g m S u it h o n , v a cd s g k h a c n b a u v e gidhg ga. Tuy nhien, d y a t h e o cac n g h i e n ciiu v a ket q u a cua cugc d i e u h a n a y cho thay liia tud'i m a n cam d d i vdi b f n h x a y ra d ga duxji 1 t h a n g tuoi d a c bift 18-35 n g a y tuoi, cd the ga d u d i 1 thang hidi h f m i e n dich c h u a h o a n tiiien n e n rat d e mac b f n h so vdi ga 3 t h a n g tiioi va Iiia tudi ldn b a n . 3.7. T y If n h i e m c a u t r u n g t h e o t r a n g t h a i p h a n
C a c Ioai Eimeria k h a c n h a u ed vj tri ky s i n h k h a c n h a u d u d n g r u p t , v l v a y k h i gay b e n h c h u n g t h u d n g g a y t o n t h u g n g n g n g eho n i e m m g c r u g t d a n de'n eba't c h i i a t r o n g r u p t
B a n g 7. T r g n g t h a i ciia p h a n d g a n h i e m b f n h cau t r i m g
Trang thai phan So mau T^ I§
nhiem (%) Phan CO mau, mang
nhay mau hong Phan sap Phan binh thuong
64,86 37,14 Ben cgnh vifc k h a o sat ty le n h i e m eau trimg ga theo p b u o n g thiic c h a n n u d i , theo g i d h g ga va theo d p tudi ehiing tdi edn tieh h a n h k h a o sat ty If n h i e m e a u t r i m g ga theo h a n g thai p h a n . Trang thai p h a n ed lan m a u h o a c cd m a n g n h a y m a u h o n g ed ty If n h i e m cau trimg cao nha't (64 58%) va b a u he't d a y la n h u n g trucmg h g p m a c b f n h cau trimg ca'p cd bieu bien Iam sang ra't ro r a n g T r a n g thai p b a n s a p cd t y If nhii-m |,h 64 8 6 % va v d i p b a n cd h g n g t h a i b i n h lnu<,no ^ j - x u a t h i f n 37,14%. D i e u n a y c<. ^ia tri t r o n e c h a n d o a n l a m s a n g khi ebun^;
H a n g thai p h a n t r o n g k h u v u c ch ' ^^^^n s a t
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C H A N N U O I D Q N G VAT VA CAC V A N D E K H A C
Qua md kham mau bfnh phaim nghi nhiem eau trimg da ghi nhan mpt so trudng bpp ga mac bfnh cau trimg vdi cac benh Hch dien hinh nhu: manh hang cang phdng len, thanh manh trang dan ra, niem mac manh trang xuat huyet, chat chiia cd lan mau tuai hoac mau da khd lgi.
Hinh 2. Manh triing ga sung to
Hinh 3. Manh trang suat huyet, chat chiia cd Ian mau
Theo Luang Tan Phat va Biii Tran Anh Dao (2011), ty le bieu hien bfnh tich d manh Hang cao nha't 77,78% d ga Ai Cap va 63,63%
d ga Luong Phugng. T\' If bieu Iiien benh tich d tn,rc trang tba'p nba't (3,47 va 6,36% tugng ung). Mdi loai cau trimg thudng ky sinJi d mpt doan rupt va gay bfrJi Hch tgi doan rudt dd, cau triing gay pha buy niem mac rugt gay
\uat huyet, thanh rugt ehd day ehd mong, cha't chua lan mau Pham Sy Lang va Phan Dieh Lan (2002).
k. KET LUAN
Benh cau triing tren cac dan ga tgi Pbu Thp chie'm ty If nhiem eao (61,67%), trong do ga dudi 1 thang tuoi nhiem \'di tj' le cao nha't (68,42%) va vdi dieu kifn nudi nhd't (84%) thi ty If nhiing dan ga d day nhiem cau trimg eao hem nhieu so vdi dieu kifn eban tha (26,67%).
Da xac dinh duge 5 laai caiu trimg gay bfnh phd bie'n tren cae dan ga tai day va gay ra nhung trifu chung dien hinh nhu: phan lan mau (100%), phan cd mang nliay (62,5%) va phan sap (53,33%).
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
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'2019
