Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM SB 47 nam 2013
NGHIEN ClTU TIEM NANG TlT NHIEN PHUC VU PHAT TRIEN DU LICH THEO HirOfNG BEN VCTNG 6 TINH DONG THAP
TRjNH PHI HOANH'
TOM TAT
Bdi bdo trinh bdy phuang phdp ddnh gid tdng hgp tiem ndng tu nhiin phfic vu phdt triin du lich tinh Bong Thdp. Dua vdo thang diim ddnh gid tdng hgp, xdc dinh dugc cdc diim cd tiim ndng du lich tu nhien cao nhu Vuon qudc gia Trdm Chim, khu du lich sink thdi Gdo Gidng, cdnh quan sdng Tiin... Tren ca sd do, de xudt cdc dinh huang khai thdc vd su dung tiim ndng tu nhien phttc vu phdt trien du lich bin viing.
Tur khda: tilm nang ty nhien, du ijch theo hudng bin vimg, tinh Ding Thdp.
ABSTRACT
A study of natural potentials for sustainable development of tourism in Dong Thap province
This article presents the method to synthetically assess natural potentials for tourism development in Dong Thap province. Based on the rubric of the assessment, natural potentials such as Tram Chim National Park, Gao Giong ecotourism area, landscape of
Tien river... can be identified. In light of that, the article suggests orientations to exploit natural potentials for sustainable development of tourism.
Keywords: natural potentials, sustainable developraent of tourism, Dong Thap province.
1. Df t van de hifu qua chua cao, mdi chi tap trung khai Ddng Thdp - rapt trong ba tinh cua thac du lich d nhitag dja diem cd sdn.
viing Ddng Thap Mudi, ndm d tilu viing Vi vay, ddnh gia dupc tiera nang va du lich Tay Nara Bd thupc viing du ljch thi raanh du ljch, djnh hucjng khai thac Nam Trung Bd va Nara Bd. Ddng Thap va stt dyng tilm ndng phue vy phat trien cd nhieu thi manh phat trien du ljch, nhit du Uch theo hudng bin vung va xay dung la ve mat ty nhien nhu cdnh quan sdng Ddng Thdp trd thdnh "Mgt diim den li nude, cdn bai; he sinh thai dit ngfp nude; tuang - an todn - thdn thiin - vdn minli sinh vdt da dang, ddc ddo; khi hfu dilu viing triing IU - vdn minh Go Thdp " [8] la hda... Tuy nhien, hien nay ho?t ddng du rit cin thilt, nhit la tilm nang du lich ty ljch cua tinh van chua tuong xitng vdi nhien.
tidm ndng, hoat dpng du ljch cdn don difu, 2. Nfi dung
2.1. Khdi quit ve tinh Bdng Thip NCS, Tru&ng Oai hpc B6ng Thap 2.1.1. Bdng Thdp - Ddng Thdp Mudi thu
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Tgp chi KHOA HQC BHSP TPHCM Trinh Phi Hoinh
nhd, mdnh ddt noi liin sdng Tiin, song Hdu
Ding Thdp cd difn tich khdng ldn nhung Iai cd vj tri kha dpc ddo: phin phia Bdc ciia tinh Id mpt bd phdn ciia vung Ding Thdp Mudi; phin phia Nam ndm k?p gitta sdng Tiln va sdng Hfu - hai nhanh chinh cua sdng Me Kdng doan chdy qua Ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long (DBSCL).
Vdi vj tri dd, Ddng Thdp van gitt dupc nhitag net dde trung nhdt cho thien nhien, lich stt viing dit Ddng Thap Mucri vdi cac hf sinh thdi ddt ngap nude, rimg tram b^t ngdn vdi nhieu chim, ed; can ctt cdch mang Xeo Quyt ndi danh trong Ijch su vdn edn luu gitt den ngdy nay. Ben e ^ dd, vung dat phia Nara cua tinh dupc sdng Tiln vd sdng Hfu bao bpc liy, hdng ndra vdn bdi ddp phii sa, raang theo tdm cd vd nhieu dfc sdn mua nude ndi ciing nhu nhitag vucm trai cay triu qud, nhiing ddng liia bdt ngdt, menh mdng. Do dd, tu Ding Thdp ed thi theo hf thing sdng ngdi kenh rach sang viing Tu gidc Long Xuydn (An Giang, Kien Giang) vd xudi ddng Hdu Giang ve vdi "Cdn Tha ggo trdng nirdc trong" hay ngupe ddng Tien Giang den vdi nude ban Campuehia, xudi ddng Tiln Giang vl vdi VTnh Long, Bin Tre - "qui huang Ddng Khdi", "xdsacua dira"...
2.1.2. Hi sinh thdi ddt ngap nuac tiiu biiu, khi hgu dn dinh, mia lu hiin hoa
Khi hdu Ddng Thdp ndi ridng vd vung DBSCL ndi chung khd In djnh vdi hai miia raua - ndng. Mua raua thudng bdt diu vdo thdng 4 va kit thiic vdo thang 11, miia khd thudng keo ddi ttt thdng 12
den thang 4 ndm sau. Mua ldm mdt bau triri, thien nhien vd con ngudi trong nhitag thdng ngdy raua h^ mua khd gin trung vdi miia ddng. Vdi ddc diem khi hau nhu vay lam cho tinh chat miia ddng I^nh d Ding Thdp gin nhu khdng cdn.
Ddy la dilu kifn li tudng cho ede boat dpng du ljch da ngo^i, ddn vdi rimg trdra bat ngdn, sdng nude menh mdng, trdnh dupc cai ret "thau da thdu thjt" cua mien Bdc.
Khi hdu nhift ddi mang tinh chit can xich dao, sdng rach chdng chjt, dja hinh tucmg ddi bang phdng vd thdp trung, difn tieh dit ngap nude ldn, sinh vft da dang da kit hpp vdi nhau tap eho Ding Thdp rapt he sinh thdi dit ngfp nude tieu bieu cua viing Ddng Thdp Mudi xua kia.
Dd Id Vudn quIc gia - khu dit ngfp nude Trdra Chim (khu Ramsar' ddu tiin a vung DBSCL, thir 4 cua Viit Nam vd thu 2000 cua thi gidi).
Ttt ldu, ngudi ta bilt Ddng Thdp nhu Id raft vung ngfp Iu sau vd sdm nhdt eua vimg DBSCL. Mfc dii, lu da vd dang gay ra nhilu thift h^ cho con ngudi nhung lu da thanh mdt hifn tupng ty nhien khdng thi thilu dii vdi ngucri ddn DBSCL; nhitag nam lu muf n, Iu nhd thi lu da trd thanh rapt "noi nhd" cua nguiri ddn trong khu vyc. Ben canh, nhitag gid trj md lu mang lai eho san xuat ndng nghifp thi ngdy nay vifc tan dyng miia lu trong khai thdc vd phdt triln du lich cung rit dupc chu trpng. Du khach se cdm nhdn dupc su thii vj khi dupc ngdi ttdn thuyin; thd hdn minh theo ddng nude bao la; nghe Ddn ca tdi ttt, hd Ding Thdp;
nhin ddng nude mang nfng phii sa; dn
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Tap chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Sd 47 nam 2013
bdng Sung, bdng Dien Didn, cd Linh, liia trdi... de cho dau dc thu gidn sau nhitag ngdy tat bat cua cudc sdng rami sinh.
2.1.3. Gid tri nhdn vdn tiiu biiu cua viing Go Thdp, noi luu giir di chi nin vdn hoa 6c Eo
Le hdi Gd Thap da trd thdnh rapt ngay hfi cua ngudi ddn. Nd mang dam tinh chit ddn gian, in diu cua mdt thdi di md cdi, the hifn khdt vpng, uoc mong cua ngudi ndng ddn vimg Ddng Thap Mudi cimg nhu nhitag tin ngudng tdn giao. Trong le hdi Gd Thap, ngudi ta thdy thdp thoang ll hfi Ba Chua Xtt, ciing Thien Hf Duong, Ddc Binh Kilu - nhitag ngudi con uu tu cua dat Ddng Thdp.
Ngodi ra, cdn ed eung than Ndng, cau an... NIU khdng cd dip di hit 0BSCL xin mdi quy khaeh din vdi Ddng Thdp trong thdng 3 va thdng 11 dm ljch, quy khdch se phin ndo bilt dupc nhung ll hfi tieu bilu eua viing DBSCL. Ngodi ra, tai di tich Gd Thdp edn phat hifn nhilu di tich nin van hda 6c Eo ciia Vuong quIc Phu Nara trong Ijch stt.
Ben canh ll hdi Gd Thdp, Ding Thdp cdn dupc bilt din nhu Id mdt cdi ndi each mang, vung dat edn luu gitt nhung chien edng hidn hdch cua cha dng, nhitag diu in raa cac danh nhan dl lai.
Dd la Khu di tich Nguyin Sinh Sdc - thdn sinh Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh; riy cu Hd;
Phong Hda - Can cu Ddc Khu uy Hdu Giang; Try sd Thanh nidn Cdch mang Ddng chi hdi vd Sa Dec hpe dudng.
Ngoai ra, cdn cd cdc gid hi nhan van mang sdc thdi tin nguang nhu chua Kiln An Cung (Sa Dec); Phude Hung Cd Tu (chiia Huong); Vdn Thdnh Milu...
Ddng Thap cdn ndi tieng vdi nhieu dac san nhu hu tilu, bdnh phdng tdm;
ldng hoa kilng (Sa Dec), nem Lai Vung;
xoai Cao Lanh; ddc bift Id dfc sdn miia nude lu (cd Linh, bdng Sung, bdng Diln Diln, chudt ddng,-rdn, nude, gd ndi...).
2.2. Banh gii tiim ning t(r nhiin phfc vu phdt trien du ljch theo hudng bin vOng & Unh Bbng Thdp
De ddnh gia tilm ndng du ljch til nhien cd thi stt dyng nhilu phuong phap, trong dd phuong phdp thang dilm tong hpp (ddnh gid muc do thudn tgi) dupc sii dung phd bien. Phuong phdp nay cho phep ngudi nghien cim lupng hda cac chi tieu, danh gid xep hang cac diem du lich tu nhien dudi sy tdc ddng ciia nhieu nhan tl.
2.2.1. Xdy dimg chi tieu ddnh gid D I ddnh gia mpt dilra du Ijchly nhien theo thang diem tdng hpp, nhieu tdc gid su dyng 5 - 7 chi tieu khdc nhau [3], [5]. Ddi vdi tiem ndng du ljch IJ nhien tinh Ddng Thdp, cdc chi tieu dii?t lya chpn Id:
• Dp hip din vd khd nang tl chiic nhilu lofi hinh du Ijch;
Vj tri, khd ndng tilp cdn diem du ljch;
Df bin vitag cua tdi nguyen, rnS trudng;
Sttc chua cua dilm du Ijch;
Thdi gian boat dfng du Ijch.
Mdi tieu chi se danh gid theo 4 bjc dilm: Tdt - 4, Khd - 3, Tmng binh-I Kem - 1 vdi nhimg chi tieu cy thi dn mdi bdc dilm. Chi tieu phan h^ng i ylu t l chu ylu dupc van dyng ttt nhOnf nghien cim trude ddy do cd sy thlngnM
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T9P chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trinh Phi Hoanh
cao h-ong cdc nghidn cuu dja li du ljch, td ro hifu qud trong ddnh gid phyc vy du ljch [3], [5].
•t* B^ hip dan vi khi ning to chac nhieu logi hinh du ljch
Rdt hdp ddn: cd tren 5 phong cdnh d?p vd da dpig hodc cd tren 5 hifn tupng, di tich ty nhidn ddc bift; hodc cd su hd trp vdi sl lupng tuong ttng ciia tdi nguydn nhan vdn t^i dia dilm du ljch ty nhien; hode dap ttng dupe 5 loai hinh du lieh.
Khd hdp ddn: ed 3 - 5 phong cdnh d^p vd da dang; hodc cd 3 - 5 hifn tupng, di tich dfc bift; hofc cd sy hd trp vdi sd lupng tucmg ling ciia tdi nguyen nhan vdn t^i dja didra du ljch ty nhien; hodc ddp ttng dupe 3 - 5 loai hinh du ljch.
Hdp ddn trung binh: cd 2 phong cdnh dfp vd da dang; hodc cd 2 hifn tupng, di tieh dfe bift; hodc cd sy hd trp vdi so lupng tuong img cua tdi nguyen nhdn vdn tai dja diem du ljch ty nhidn;
hofc ddp img dupc 2 loai hinh du ljch.
Kem hdp ddn: cd 1 phong cdnh d?p;
hofc cd 1 hifn tupng, di tich dfe bift;
hofc ddp img dupc 1 lo^ hinh du Ijch.
*> B^ bin vOng cia tii nguyen, moi tru&ng
Chi tidu ndy phdn dnh khd ndng ben vitag ciia cdc thdnh phdn va bf phfn trude dp lyc ciia host dfng du ljch, cua khdch du ljch vd cdc dii tupng khdc hodc Ihidn tai.
Rdt bin virng: khdng cd thanh phan hofc bf phfn ndo bj pha ho^i, neu cd thi i mttc df khdng ddng ke. Hoat dfng du jjch diln ra Udn tyc.
Bin vimg: cd 1 den 2 thdnh phan
hoac bf phfn bj phd buy d mttc dp nh?, cd khd ndng ty phuc hdi. Ho^t dfng du ljch diln ra thudng xuyen.
- // bin vimg: cd 1 ddn 2 thdnh phdn hoac bf phdn bi phd hoai dang kl, phai cd sy hd trp ciia con ngucri radi phyc hdi nhanh dupc, hoat dpng du ljch cd the bj ban che.
- Kem bin vimg: cd 1 den 2 thdnh phin hodc bf phdn ty nhidn bj phd ho^
ndng, phdi can den sy phyc hdi cua con ngucri, boat dfng du Ijch bj gian doan.
*> ^lir cAiiu cia diim du lich Sttc chtta khdch du ljch thi hifn bdng sl lupng khdch cd thi tham quan dilm du ljch do trong khoang thdi gian nhat djnh (ngdy).
Rdt ldn (rdt thugn lgi): ed sttc chttra tren 1000 ngucri/ngay.
Ldn (khd thudn lgi): cd sttc chtta tren 500 -1000 ngudi/ngay.
Trung binh (thugn lgi trung binh):
cd sttc chtta 100 - 500 ngudi/ngay.
Nhd (kem thugn lgi): cd sttc chtta dudi 100 nguoi/ngdy.
*•* Vi tri tiip c^n diim du lich Vj tri trung tdm dupc xde djnh la thdnh phd Cao Lanh, cdc dja dilm xa nhit khdng vupt qud 150 km nen d i m danh gid cho mttc dd thufn tifn nhu sau:
Rdt thugn tiin: khodng cdch di l p dudi 35 kra, thdi gian tilp can dudi 60 phut (bdng xe may hodc thuyin), cd thi di lai dl dang bdng nhilu phuong tifn thdng dyng ( 3 - 4 loai phuong tifn).
- Thugn tiin: khodng cdch di Ijii ttt 35 din dudi 70 km, thcri gian tilp cfn ttt 60 - 90 phut (bdng xe may hodc thuyin), cd thi di Ifi dl dang bdng nhilu phucmg Ufn
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Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Sd 47 nam 2013
thong dung ( 2 - 3 loai phuang tien).
// thuan tien: khoang each di lai tir 70 den duai 105 km, thai gian tiep can tren 90-120 phut, co tha di lai bing 2 - 3 loai phuong tien thong dung.
Khong thugn lai: khoang each tren 105 km, thai gian di dudng tren 120 phut, CO the di lai bang 1 - 2 loai phuang tien thong dung.
*l* Thdi gian hoat dpng du lich Thoi gian hoat dong du lich duoc xac dinh boi thai gian thich hgfp nhat ve cac dieu kien khi hau doi voi sue khoe du khach cung nhu thai gian thuan lai nhat cho viec trien khai cac hoat dong du lieh 6 tinh Dong Thap.
Rdt ddi: co ban 200 ngay trong nam CO the trien khai tot cac boat dpng du lich va tren 180 ngay trong nam co didu kien khi hau thich hgp nhit d6i voi siic khoe con nguoi.
Khd ddi: co 150 den 200 ngay trong nam co the trien khai tot cac hoat dpng du lich va 120 d^n 180 ngay trong nam CO dieu kien khi hau thich hop nhit d6i voi sue khoe con nguoi.
Ddi trung binh: co 100 din 150 ngay trong nam co the trien khai t6t cac hoat dpng du lich va 90 din 120 ngay trong nam co dilu kien khi hau thich hap nhat doi vdi siic khoe con nguoi.
Ngan: co duoi 100 ngay trong nam CO thd trien khai t6t cac boat dpng du lich
va duoi 90 ngay trong nam co dieu kien khi hgu thich hop nhit doi voi siic khoe con nguoi.
Tliy thuoc miic do quan trong ciia moi tieu chi nen can xac dinh cac trpng so khac nhau cho moi tieu chi theo miic dp quan trpng tSng dan la: 1, 2, 3. Theo do, trpng s6 mdi tieu chi dupc xac dinh la:
Dp hip din, kha nang ket hop nhidu loai hinh du ljch: he so 3.
Dp ben viing cua tilm n^ng: h? s6 3.
Vi tri, kha nang tiep can diem du lich: he so 2.
Siic ehiia diem du lich: he sl 2.
Thoi gian boat dpng du lich: h^ sl 1.
2.2.2. Thang diem ddnh gid
Biem danh gia bao gom diem danh gia rieng tung chi tieu va dilm danh gia tong hpp (the hien a bang 1).
Theo thang danh gia nay (bdng I), chiing ta se xac djnh dupc diem {\m nang du lich co diem cao nhat la 44 va thap nhit la 11. Vi thi, xac dinh du^c diem tiem nang du lich nhu sau:
Diem co tilm nSng du lich tu nhidn rit cao (logi J): 36 - 44 (81 - 100%).
Diem co tiem nang du lich tu nhira cao (logi 2): 27 - 35 (61 - 80%).
Dilm CO tidm nSng du Hch tu nhien trung binh (logi 3;: 18 - 26 (41 - 60%).
Diem co tilm nSng du lich tu nhien kem (logi 4): 11 - 17 (25 - 40%).
T?p chtKHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Trinh Phi Hoanh
Bing 1. Bdng thang diim ddnh gid tong hgp tiim ndng du Uch tu nhiin
Stt 1 2 3 4 5
Ti£u chi Df hip din Df ben vihig Sttc chua Vj tri diem du ljch Thdi gian hoat dfng
Hf so 3 3 2 2 1 Ting
Bac so 4
12 12 8 8 4 44
3 9 9 6 6 3 33
2 6 6 4 i 2 22
/
3 3 2 2 1 11
2.2.3. Lifa chgn cdc diim di ddnh gid Cdc diem tiem ndng du Ijch ty nhien eua tinh Ddng Thdp dupc lya chpn de ddnh gid dya tren edc co sd sau:
Dilm du ljch ty nhien hodc ed tilm ndng ty nhien phat trien du ljch la chu yeu;
Dilra du lich dang dupc khai thdc hofc cd khd ndng khai thac trong tuong Iai;
Didm du ljch tieu bieu vd phdn bd diu khdp trong tinh;
Trdn co sd cdc tieu ehi tren, d tinh Ding Thap nhttng dja dilm cd tilm nang du ljch ty nhien dupc lya chpn ddnh gid la:
Vudn qudc gia Trdm Chim;
Ngudn: Kdt qud tinh todn cua tdc gid.
Khu du Uch sinh thai Gdo Gilng;
Khu rimg tram nguyen sinh thudc khu edn ctt cdch mang Xeo Quyt^;
Vucm cd Thdp Mucri;
D o ^ cdnh quan sdng Tiln chay qua tinh Ddng Thdp;
Cdn Tien (huyfn Lai Vung);
Cdn An Hda (huyfn Chdu Thdnh);
Cdn Ddng Sang (thj xd Sa Ddc);
Cdn Binh Thjinh (huyfn Cao Lanh);
Cdn Td Chdu (huyfn Thanh Binh);
Cu lao Long Khdnh (huyfn Hdng Ngy).
2.2.4. Kit qud ddnh gid
Ket qua ddnh gia tdng hpp dupc the hifn d bdng 2.
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 47 nam 2013
Bing 2. Bdng diim ddnh gid tong hgp cdc diim du lich tu nhien tinh Bong Thdp Biim aim nang
Tram Chira Gdo Giong Rimg trdm Xeo Quyt Vucm cd Thdp Mudi Sdng Tien Cdn Tien Cdn An Hoa Cdn Ddng Sang Cdn Binh Thgnh CinTdChdu Cu lao Long Khdnh
Do hdp ddn
12 12 9 9 12 9 9 9 6 9 9
Biim thanh p Dgbin
vimg 12 12 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Sue chira
6 4 4 2 6 2 2 4 2 2 4
hin
Vi tri 8 8 8 8 8 2 2 6 2 6 6
Thai gian 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Biim tdng hfp
42 40 34 32 , 38 26 26 32 23 30 32
Logi 1 I 2 , 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 2 Nguon: Ket qua tinh todn cua tac gii
Ket qua ddnh gid d bang 2, nhdn thiy:
Dilra danh gia tdng hpp cho cac khu vyc kha cao, da s l diu xip vao loji I vd logi 2; rapt sl dilm xdp a loai 3 nhung vin ed tilm ndng rdt ldn dl phat triln du lich, nhit Id d khia canh dp hip din vd dd bin vttng. Do dd, Ddng Thdp cd nhttng dieu kifn tiln dl quan trpng cho phat trien du ljch, nhit la loai hinh du ljch gdn Hdn vdd thien nhien vd dcri song cua ngudi dan bdn dja.
Mdt sl dii hrpng ed dilra danh gid bdng nhau hodc gdn bdng nhau, hie la mttc dp thufn Ipi ndi chung nhu nhau nhung khdng phdi phat hiln cdc logi hinh du Ijch gilng nhau va cung dl xuit cdc djnh hudng khai thac gidng nhau (vi dy vudn cd Thap Mudi vd cdn An Hda...).
Trong cdc ylu t l ddnh gid, then gian hogt dpng du ljch la cd tinh In djnh nhit
do Idnh thd Ddng Thap khdng ldn, dja hinh khd bdng phdng, khi hfu In djnh nen it cd su phdn hda. Trtt cdnh quan sdng Tien vd mft sd cdn, cu lao trong Iu chinh vu (thdng 9, 10), nhit Id nhfing ndm lu ldn khd td chttc cac hogt dfng dn ljch tren sdng, cdn nhung vin cd fren 200 ngay td chuc dupc cdc boat dfng du ljch.
Hdu hit cdc dja dilm c6 tilm ndn^
du ljch ty nhien rit ldn diu bj ban ehi bdi vj tri tilp cdn, nhit la v l mft phuong'tifn di Igi cung nhu ca sd hg ting, vdt dhlt^p thugt phyc vy du Ijch. Cdc cin, eu lao ndm cdch bift vdi phin dit ben ttong (chua CO cdu giao thong) ndn phuong tifn di lgi chu ylu la phuong tifn ducmg thuy (phd, thuyin, tic rang).
Nhieu didm cd thi mgnh ty nhien cd thi khai thac, phdt triln phyc vy du lich cd nhiing dilu kifn tuong ddng nhau.
Dd Id hf thing cdc cu lao, cin bai giiia 82
•Pg^ chi KHOA H Q C DHSP TPHCM Trinh Phi Hodnh
s6ng - day cung la net dSc trung cua tinh cung nhu khu vuc DBSCL. Didu n^y, vua t^ thi manh nhung ding thoi ciing la kho k h ^ cho viec xac dinh cac san phim du ljch dac trung cua tinh Ding Thap.
2.3. Khai thdc tiim ndng t^ nhien phuc vu phdt triin du ljch theo htr&ng bin vSng tinh Dong Thdp
M|c dii, tinh c6 tilm nSng dl phat tridn du ljch, nhSt la vd mSt tu nhien nhung trong nhung nam qua su phat tridn du lich vin chua tuong xiing tidm n^ng va mang tinh ben viing (so lugng khdch du lich den Dong Thdp chua cao vd tdng chgm: ndm 2008 Id 523.120 luat khdch.
din 2009 Id 145.518 lugt khdch; hi4u qud kinh doanh du lich con thdp; ndm 2005 doanh thu du lich dgt 40.648 tri?u dong, nam 2010 gidm con 36.701 tri$u dong; cong sudt su dung cdc phong liru trd giai dogn 2005 - 2012 chi dgt dual 50%; vdn de lien ket trong phdt trien du Uch vdn chua dugc day mgnh; cong tdc qudng bd tiem ndng, the mgnh phdt trien du lich vdn cdn hgn chi; mai chi chd trgng phdt trien du ljch a nhirng vimg co sdn cdn nhirng diem co tiem ndng thi vdn chua dugrc quan tdm ddu tu phdt trien...
[IJ. [7]).
De khai thdc bdn viing tilm nang ty nhien cho phdt trien du ljch, trong thdi gian tdi tinh Ddng Thap cin thyc thi mft sd djnh hudng co ban sau:
2.3.1. Tdng cucmg ddo tgo dgi ngii nhdn luc ngdnh du lich, qudng bd tiim ndng
Muln khai thac tdt va bin viing thi mgnh ty nhien cho phat triln du Ijch hifu qud cin cd nhiing con ngucri chuyen tiach; am hieu chuyen mdn; cd y thtte vd
trdeh nhifm vdi nghe. Mudn vdy, cdng tac ddo tao vd chl do ddi ngf cho nhan lyc nganh du ljch cua tinh la rit quan trpng. Trong ddo tao ngudn nhdn lyc du ljch, tinh Ddng Thdp cin gdn Uln vdi doanh nghifp, ede don vj t l chttc va kinh doanh du Ijch dd ddi ngu nhdn lyc ludn ara hidu thyc tien vd tiera nang du Ijch dja phucmg. Ding thdi, thudng xuydn bl sung, cfp nhft kiln thtte eho dpi ngu quan li, nhdn vien thdng qua cdc buli tpa dam, hfi thdo (cd thi miri cac gidng vidn chuydn ngdnh du lich, mdi trudng etta trudng dgi hpe; cdc nhd qudn li tour, Itt hdnh vl bdo cdo...).
c i n tdng cudng cdng tdc quang bd tilm ndng du lich thdng qua cac phuong tifn thdng tin dgi chung (bdo, ddi, intemet, td roi...), qua cac cufc hpi thao, md rfng quan hf hpp tde vdi cac doanh nghifp, don vj Itt hdnh dl gidi thifu tdi nguydn du ljch ciia tinh vdi du khdch trong vd ngoai nude eung nhu thdng qua vifc tuyen chpn cdc de tdi; cdng bd ede bai bao ve tiera ndng du ljch tinh. Mdt khdc, cin chu trpng dii tupng khdch du lieh d cdc dd thj ldn (thdnh phi Hd Chi Minh, Binh Duong...) vd nude ngodi nhdra thu hut trong nhung djp nghi II ngan ngdy hay di edng tdc.
2.3.2. Lien kit trong hogt ddng du lich Lien ket giiia cdc dja didm ed tiera ndng phdt triln du ljch trong tinh ciing nhu edc tinh ban (An Giang, VTnh Long, Tien Giang...), nude ban (Carapuchia) ciing nhu giua cdc diem tdi nguyen du ljch trong tinh; gitta cac eo quan dilu hdnh vd td chttc hogt dfng du ljch nhdra tan dyng co sd hg tang, b l trp va hoan
83
Tgp chl KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM SS 47 nam 2013
thifn cho nhau dl cimg phat hien. Mgt khdc, lien kit con giup cdc tinh trong vung xdc djnh the manh ndi bdt, uu tien ddu tu phat trien, xdc djnh dupc sdn phim dfc trung eho mdi dja phuong, hgn chl dupc tinh trgng "hao hao giong nhau "/ "mgt nai thdy dugc cd viing "...
Khdng nhiing lien kit de phat triln du Ijch gitta edc dja phuong md tinh ciing cdn chu trpng khai thac edc diem du lich ty nhien vdi cdc ll hfi van hda vd ldng nghd thu cdng truyen thong, nhdt Id cdc le hfi dde trung eua tinh. Cd nhu vfy radi phdt huy tdi da tiem ndng, khai thdc hieu qud tdi nguyen va thu hut dupc nhieu du khdch.
2.3.3. Tdng cuang su tham gia cua cgng dong ddn cu vdo hogt dgng du lich
Cac the manh du ljch ty nhien cua Ddng Thdp thudng gdn liln vdi hogt ddng san xudt, dcri sdng cua ngucri dan nen tdng cucmg sy thara gia cua ngudri dan trong hogt dfng du Ijch Id rit cin thilt. Mpt mft, giup cho ddi sing ngudi ddn dupc cdi thifn, ngudi dan sd cd y thtte vd trdeh nhiera bao tdn mdi trucmg ty nhien. Mat khdc, se da dgng hda dupc cac hogt dfng, logi hinh du ljch (du Uch cfng ddng, du ljch homestay, du Uch sinh thai, du Ijch cudi tuan...) - nhiing logi hinh du lich rit dupc du khach, nhit la du khdch nude ngoai yeu thich khdm pha ty nhien, tim hilu vdn hda ban dia.
Sy tham gia ciia cdng ddng dan cu can dupc chu trpng trong xdy co so hg ting, vft chit kt thudt phyc vy du lich nhu xdy dung va md rdng dudng din vdo khu du Ijch; cac khu vui choi, gidi tri, an udng gin cdc dilm du lich...
2.3.4. Ba dgng hoa cac logi hinh du Iji^
sdn phdm du ljch
Dya tren cdc thi manh ty nhien, it Ddng Thdp cd the triln khai cdc logi hinh du Ijch nghi dudng; homestay; du ljch chuyen dl; du Ijch nghien cuu; du ljch sinh thdi mift vuon, du ljch miia nude ndi.
Ben cgnh cdc sdn pham du Ijch % trung (mua nuac ndi, sdn vgt Thdp Mudi, vdn minh Go Thdp) thi vifc da dgngrh%
cdc sdn pham du ljch Id rat can thiet, dap ttng nhu cdu, thj hieu da dgng cua du khach. Bdn canh cdc sdn phim du lich gin uln vdi tu nhien, d nhthig dilm du Ijch cd thi mgnh tu nhien cin tdng cudi$
thdm sdn phim du Ijch nhan vdn (qud luu niim, sdn vgt que huang: vuan cdy trdi, lua troi, bong sung, mgt ong...) va cat hogt dpng vui choi, gidi tri khac.
2.3.5. Xdy dung cdc tuyin du lich chuyen di
Trdn eo sd xdc djnh cdc diem c6 tilm nang du Ijch ty nhidn, ed the xay dyng cac tuyln du ljch chuydn dl nhu:
"Sdng nuac Ciru Long"; " Dgc sdn mia nuoc noi"; "Dong Thdp Muai thien nhien vdy ggi"; "Thdp Mudi IU vd sen";
"Thdng Siu ddu do"; "Ddng Thap ndng va xanh " "Bgc sdn Thdp Muai"...
Ben cgnh dd, cd the kit hpp vdi cac ll hpi, tin nguong ddn gian dl t l chttc cic tuyln du Ijch kit hpp nhu "Ddng Th^
ddt vd nguai"; "vdn minh viing trUt^
lu"...
2.3.6. Ddm bdo do bin vimg tiim twig du lich tyr nhiin
Nhin chung, cdc dja dilm cd tiem ndng du ljch ty nhidn mdi chi budc &
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Tgp chl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trinh Phi Hoinh
hodc chua dupc khai thdc nen day la dilu kifn thugn Ipi cho vifc xdy dyng, qui hoach cdc dja dilm du ljch bin viing vl mdt mdi trucmg sinh thdi ty nhien cung nhu xa hfi.
Trong mpi phuong an thilt kl, t l chttc cdc hogt ddng du Uch bdn cgnh gia tri kinh tl thi ylu t l mdi trudng, dp bin vihig cua ty nhidn vd mdi trucmg xa hdi ludn dupe tinh den. De dam bao df bin vttng vd mdi truimg diem du ljch ty nhien ein tinh todn va xdc djnh sttc chtta vft li de khdng khai thac qua ratte "nguong"
chju dyng cua tai nguydn, radi trucmg.
Ddng thdi, cd nhihig bifn phdp ldng ghep gido dye y thtte bdo vf mdi trudng, gitt gin tai nguyen trong cdc tour du Ijeh nhu td chttc trd choi; md nhiing bdi hdt vl mdi trudng thien nhien trong mdt sd thcri diem...
3. Ket luf n
Kit qud nghidn cim cho thdy, Ddng Thdp cd nhilu tilm nang tu nhien dl phdt ttiln du ljch, nhit Id cdc loai hinh du ljch sinh thai mift vuim, du ljch dya vdo cfng ding, du ljch "home stay", du Ijch mua
nude nii, du Ijch culi hidn, du ljch nghien cttu... Dgc biet, trong giai doan cdc canh quan thidn nhien dang bj phd buy nghidm trpng dudi sttc dp phat triln kinh t l - xa hfi thi Ding Thdp dupe xera la "mdi trudng xanh" - noi li tudng eho nghi dudng vd thu gidn, nhat Id dip cudi
tuin, nghi le ngan ngay. , Nhin chung, cdc dilra du ljch ty
nhien mdi ehi dimg Igi d thi manh ma ehua dupc dua vao khai thdc vd stt dung phyc vy phdt triln du lich hode khai thdc ehua tuong xiing tiem ndng. De khai thac, stt dyng tilm ndng ty nhien eho phdt trien du ljch theo hudng ben viing: dua Ddng Thap trd thdnh "Mgt diim din li tuang - an todn - thdn thiin - vdn minh vimg triing Id - van minh Go Thdp ", tinh Ddng Thdp can tien hanh dieu tra tdng the, xdc djnh edc the mgnh ndi bat, xdy dyng cdc md hinh du lich vdi sy tham gia cua cdng ddng dan cu, chu trpng ddu tu eo so hg ting, co sd vft chit kt thuft cho cdc diera du ljch cd nhieu tiem ndng phdt triln...
Ghi chd: Bdi bdo la mdt phdn cua di tdi KHCN cdp Ca sd Truimg Bgi bgc Bdng Thdp, md s6 CS2012.01.09.
Cdng u6c Ramsar l i "cong irdc v^ bao tdn nhdng vCing dit ngSp nude c6 tSm quan trpng qudc t%, d^c bift nhu a noi cu trO cua nhOng loii chim nude - The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat" dugc Icy' It^t t^i Ramsar, Iran, ngay 02/02/1971, co hieu l\rc ngiy 21/12/1975. Vi^t Nam U thinh vien diu tien cua khu vuc Dong Nam A vi quoe gia thtr 50 gia nhip C6ng uAc niy (nam 1989).
Cin cil cich mang Xio Quyt vtra l i diSm du ljch tvr nhien vtra l i d i ^ du ljch nhin vin. Tuy nhi£n, bii bio chi tien hinh dinh g i i d6i vdi khu rimg trim nguyen smh nim trong IChu di tich Xeo Qu^.
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Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SO 47 nam JOm
TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
1. Cyc Thing ke tinh Ddng Thdp (2012), Nien gidm thdng ki2011, Ddng Thdp.
2. Trjnh Phi Hodnh (2010), "Ddnh gid dilu kifn ty nhien phyc vu phdt triln du Ijch sinl thai tai vudn quIc gia Trdm Chim, huyfn Tam Ndng, tinh Ddng Thdp", Kiyiu H^, nghi Khoa hgc Dfa li todn qudc ldn thu V, Ha Nfi.
3. Nguyin Vdn Hung (2008), Nghiin cuu tdi nguyin du lich nhdm di xudt cdc gidi phdp phdt triin du lich tinh Binh Binh, Lufn vdn Thac si Dia li ty nhien, Trudng Dji hpc IChoa hpc - Dai hpc Hue.
4. Trin Thi Dang Thanh (2011), "Du Ijch miia nude nii d vung Ding Thdp N^di - tiem nang va thyc ttgng", Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHSP TPHCM, 32(66), ti-. 168 -176.
5. Le Vdn Tin (1999), Bdnh gid tdi nguyen thiin nhiin tinh Thira Thiin - Hui phuc vy du lich, Lufn an Tiln sT Dja U, Trucmg Dai hpc Su phgm Ha Nfi, Ha Nfi.
6. Sd Vdn hda, Thi thao vd Du Ijch Ding Thdp (2009), Khdm phd du lich Bdng Thap, Ddng Thap.
7. Sd Van hda, Thi thao vd Du ljch Ddng Thdp (2011), Bda cdo tong kit hogt dgngdu lich ndm 2011, phuang hudng nhiim vv cdng tdc ndm 2012, Ddng Thdp.
8. UBND tinh Ddng Thdp (2007), Bdo cdo tdm tdt Quy hogch phdt triin kinh ti-xd hpi din ndm 2020, Ding Thdp.
9. UBND tinh Ddng Thdp (2008), Ddng Thdp thi vd luc mai trong thi ki XXI, Nxb Chinh tri Quoe gia, TPHCM.
(Ngiy Tda som nh$n dirge bai: 22-4-2013; ngdy phin bifn danti gid: 22-5-2013;
ngdy clidp nl)$n dSng: 21-6-2013)
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