VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
PHAT TRIEN DU LICH BEN VUNG H U Y E N D A O C O T O : TIEN NANG VA DINH H U O N G
Phgm Hodng Hal, Phgm Thi Hdng Nhung
S U M M A R Y
The Sustainable of tourism in Co To island's district: scenery and orientation Co To is frontier island district of my country. It has got an important role in developed economy and guaranty security - national defence of my country. Island district has a lot of potential so developed economy, special is trevel. Developed travel depends on rich tourist cashier source of natural sea - island area. But now, tourist Colo is startuig, so in Ihe felure, That tourist sea - island must lo develop uiishakeably development rely on diversify' type of tourist. Seeing island sea, ecology island sea are becomed a privade "trade mark", privade picture of Colo. It combines with Catba tour, Halong lour so altuclive Iruvel.
I. DAT VAN DE
Cd the ndi the ky XXI la the ky ma du ljch phdt trien manh me, vugt bac. Du Ijeh vdi hieu qud kinh te cao, khai thdc tdi da cdc tiem nang, lgi the, vdn dugc menh danh Id nganh cdng nghiep khdng khdi da trd thdnh nganh kinh te mui nhgn ciia nhieu qudc gia, nhieu vimg lanh thd. Chinh vi the. Dang va Nha nude ta da xac djnh: "phdt trien du Ijeh Id mot hudng chien luge quan trgng trong dudng Idi phat trien kinh te xa hdi (KT- XH) nham gdp phdn tlurc hien CNH- HDH ddt nude".
Su phat trien du ljch dua tren nhfrng lgi the so sdnh, cd the la vi tri dia Iy, tdi nguyen thien nhien hcay tdi nguyen nhan van. Noi nao cd thj trudng du ljch rdng ldn thudng gan lien vdi cae vimg bien hoang so, nhit la cdc bai bien dep tren cdc ddo hay cd cdc khu bao tdn bien. He thdng ddo ven bd Viet Nam la nai chua dung nhfrng tdi nguyen vd gia, trong dd ed su phong phii ciia tai nguyen du ljch. Sir hap dan, net ddc trung tcio nen uu the pbdl trien du ljch ciia vimg biln dao la canh quan da dang, khi hdu trong kinh. mdi trudng trong sach, the gidi sinh vat phong phii va nhfrng net ddc ddo vc dja hinh- dja mao rat thuan Igi cho viec phat triln nhilu loai binb du ljch. Nhiing tiem nang nay hoan loan cd the pbdl huy hieu qud tren cac ddo bdi chimg deu cd kha ndng lien ket chat che vdi cac trung tdm, cac tuyln du ljch ldn d ven bd. Mat khac, tiem nang du ljch bien dao cdn gan vdi viec bao tdn thien nhien tren dao, tham thuc vat dugc bao ve trong cae cdnh rung nguyen sinh se Id nhfrng von qui cho phdt triln du Iich sinh thai.
Phdt trien du Ijeh dem lai nhung Igi ieh to ldn vl kinh tl va gdp phin on djnh an ninh qudc phdng vimg bien ddo eiia To qudc, dugc Xcdc djnh la nganh kinh t l nuii nhgn ciia edc huyen dcdo. Vi the, phdt trien du ljch gdn vdi muc lieu phat triln bin virng (PTBV) cdc huyen ddo.
Co Td Id huyen ddo lien tieu- bien gidi ciia Td quoc vdi vi tri chien luge ve an ninh qudc phdng. Din thdi dilm hien nay su phcdt triln KT-XH cdn gcdp nhilu khd khan do dicu kien tir nhien, vj tri xa dit liln, dien tich dao khdng Idn d l cd tbi phdt triln kinh te theo hudng tdng hgp cung nhu thilu mmdn nhan luc va mjuon von. Do dd. khai thdc
1030 Hdi nghi JOioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&5- Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHCfCN VIET NAJrf B O I S m LY VIET NAM
lai thi; de phdt tricin KT-XH huyen ddo la vdn de quan trgng vd mot trong nhfrng hudng pbdl trien ben vung dd Id du Ijch. Tuy nhien den thai diem hien nay, du ljch Cd Td mdi chi trong giai doan dau "khdi ddng", co sd hii tang (CSHT), phuong tien van chuyen, sdn phdm du ijeh cdn rdt ban che nen nuic do hap dan chua cao, Vi vay, bai bdo nay se budc dau tap trung phdn tich, ddnh gid nhfrng dieu kien, ticjin ndng phdt trien du ijch iiiiyen dao, tr'dn co' so' dd de xiudt mot sd djnh hudng phdt trien nhdm dua du ijch cua luiyen ddo Co Td phdt tricin tuong xirng incit nganh kinh tc mui nhgn theo muc lieu ben vfrng.
II. TAi NGUYEN DU LICH HUYEN DAO CO T O
Ddi vdi Cd Td, vi tri dia iy dugc ddnh gia Id da phdn dnh dugc vj the; ciia huyen ddo. Cling dugc xem la tai nguyisn du lieh vd dieu kien de ihiie dcdy pbdl trien kinh te du Ijch. Nam d phia Ddng Bde tinh Qudng Ninh, huyen ddo Cd Td Id mdt qudn the gdm hon 40 hdn dao ldn nhd, trong do hat nhdn la hai dao Cd Td Ldn va Thanh Lam, dugc gidi hiin bai ioa do dja ly 20°55' din 2l"4' do vT Bie, 107''44' din 107"52' kinh do Ddng [1]. Vdi vj tri ndy, Co To nam canh ngu trudng Ddng Bac, la "cira ngd" giao kra kinh te ciia dat lien. Id Id chan ldn bdo vc khu virc kinh te quan trgng trong ddt lien. Chinh vi the, Cd Td dugc khang dinh la huyen ddo ed vi the vd eiing quan trgng trong bdo dam an ninh qudc phdng cua dat nud'c vd chien luge phdt trien kinh te bien d phia Tay Bde vjnh Bac Bd. Ngodi ra, Cd Td cdn cd mdi quan be mat thiet vdi cdc trung lain, diem, luyen du Ijcb bien va cliit lien, nhdt Id hai trung tdm du Ijeh ldn Ha Long, Hdi Phdng. Do dd, huyen ddo ed dieu kien de phdt trien du Ijeh nbd si.r hd trg ciia cdc trung tdm du Iich vd de dang lien ket vdi cdc trung tam ndy de trd thdnh cdc tuyen du ljch bien ddo ddy hap dan.
Ndm khdng qud xa dat lien song du khdcb khi den vdi Cd Td kai cd djp thudng ngoan nhfrng cdnh dep cdn rdt nguyen so'. Sau khi di thuyen trong vjnh Bdc Bd khodng 3 tieng (neu cd gid miia Ddng Bdc phdi mat 5 tieng), du khdcb se cd djp cbicjm ngudng mdt birc tranh san thuy hfru tinh vd cimg trdng le. Dd la sir kel hgp tuyet vdi giua bien trdi, sdng nude menh mdng vdi man xanh ciia cdc hdn ddo tira nhu hdn nggc bich. Hon the, tren mdi diio su phong phii ciia cac dang dja hinh cung rat hap ddn khdcb du ljch.
Do trdi qua qud trinb Ijch su Idu ddi ket hgp voi nhung dnh lurdng ciia yen td hai duong da tao cho dja hinh d day cd nhieu net ddc ddo rat khac biet so vdi cdc ddo phia trong.
Ngodi Cede dang dja hinh ddi, nui thap, xen ke vdi cac ddng bdng tich tii la cae bai eat trang keo ddi phdi hgp vdi nhau tao cho Cd Td mdt cdnh quan vd ciing hdp dan du khach.
Trong cdc dang dja binb tren, thi bui bien Id tdi nguyen du Iich cd y nghui nhcit vdi tdng dien tich tren hai ddo Cd Td Ldn, Thanh Lam la 758 ba. Tieu bieu Id cdc bai bien Nam Hdi (dai 7 km), Hdng Vdn (ddi 4 km)... Cdc bdi eiit ndy tuy khdng idn nhirng deu cd do ddc nhd (0- 3°, 0- 6") [4]. Thanh phan cdp iiat chu yeu la cdt mjn vd cdt trung, cuoi sdi chilm ty le nhd ket hgp vdi edc dac trung ve hdi van thuan lgi nhu nen ddy, sdng, tdc do ddng chdy, dci man rut thich hgp cho phdt trien hogt ddng du Iich tdm bien (bdng 1) . Tren dd phdn bd edc loai thuc vat dac trung cua bai bien nhu duong, phi lao. bui cd tao canh quan dep mdt ebo du khdcb. Dac biet phia trong cac bai bien nay hau bet dugc bao bge bdi cac khu rirng nhiet ddi dugc bdo tdn khd tdt, phat trien tren them cdt cao 8- 15 m tao nen mdt khu tham quan, nghi mat ly tudng, du khdcb cd the vira lain bien vira thuong ngoan phong cdnh, nghi ngai, thu gidn.
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc lan th&S-Ha Ndi, 2010 1031
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
Ban" 1: Kit qua ddnh gid cdc bdi tdm quanh ddo Co Td Ldn vd Thanh Lam [5]
Bai bien
H6ng Van Nam Cap Nam Hai Thanh Lam
Chieu rong (m)
Dcic diem
320
2-220
200
50
Diem
3
3
3
3
Nen day Diem
3
3
3
3
Song
Diem
3
3
3
2
Nhiet do nude bien Diem
3
3
3
-1
Ddng chdy
Dac diem
0.2
0,2
0,2
0,25
Diem
2
2
2
1
Do mdn
Diem
3
3
3
3
Dilm trung binh
3
3
2,6
Ngodi ra, tren ddo Thanh Lam cd sir thdnh kao ciia cae vach mai mdn la net. dac sac, hiim gap d cdc ddo tuyen trong. Dd la edc vach da dung dung cau tao bdi da cat ket, dd phien, cd mdt sd vdeb ddc dirng Ccao siing sung dep va hiem trd cd the phdt trien loai hinh du Ijch mao hiem.
Khi ban nhiet ddi am gid miia mang dac tinb hdi duong rd ret vdi mdt miia he ndng thich hgp cho phdi trien du lieh nghi bien. Nhiet do trung binh nam la 22,7°C, lugng nura trung binh nam Id 1.707 mm, deu dat muc rat thieb nghi vdi sire khde ciia eon ngudi. Khi ban hdi duong, xa ddt lien nen cdn rat trong lanh rat thich hgp cho cae boat ddng nghi ngai, an dudng, phuc hdi sire khde.
Cdc dac diem bai deu dugc cdc nha khoa hgc ddnh gia Id thich hop cho boat du ljch bien khi ddi chieu vdi mdt sd tieu chudn ciia Vien Nghien ciru Phdt trien Du lieh.
Nhiel do nude bien trung binb khoang 23,7°C. Sdng biln miia he cao trung binh 0,7- 0,9 m. Do man ciia bien ldn, 30,9%o. [1] Dac biet, biln d quanh cac dao cdn rat trong, do due thdp. Vdi cdc ehi sd nay, bien ciia Cd Td rat thich hgp de td chirc nbieu loai hinh du lieh nbu tdm bien, dua thuyen, ludt van, bai lgi, lan bien... Ngoai ra, ddc diem hai vdn d ddy cdn Ihuan lgi cho nudi trdng trai dc liy nggc tao ra mat hang my nghe trang sire quy gid. Ddy chae chdn se Id sdn phdm du Ijch thu hiit su quan lain ciia du khdcb.
Ngoai ra, tai nguyen sinh vat kha phong phii, cdn bao tdn dugc do da dang sinh hgc. Vdi sir da diing ve mdi trudng song (tren can, dudi nu'dc) da tao nen quan the sinh vat da dang ve thanh phdn lodi, kilu gen vd be sinh thai. Trong dd sinh canh tren can la thdm thirc vat khd phong phu vd phan boa thanh nhilu loai. Dd cd the cdc rang phi lao hoac cdc cdnh rung nguyen sinh bao bge quanh cdc bai biln, hay ddi rirng ngap man ven bien va ed y nglna nhat Id thdm rirng thudng xanh cdn duy tri d todn bd khu vi^rc ddi mii ciia dao Thanh Lam, Cd Td Con va mot so khu vuc ciia Cd Td Ldn. Khu vuc nay rdl thich hgp cho phcdt triln locii hinh du ljch sinh thai, tham quan, da ngoai. cdm trai, nghien ciru khoa hgc... Sinh cdnh dudi lurdc cd he sinh thai vimg trilu va he sinh thai san hd. He sinh thdi san hd Id net ddc ddo ma khdng mcdt ddo ncdo d miin Bic cd dirge vdi 74 lodi rong bien, 127 lodi llurc vat phii du. 120 lodi cd [4]. Cdc he sinh thdi nay cd gia trj nhieu lUcdt, dcde biet Id tham quan vd djch vu biln.
1032 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S - Ha Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCK VIET NAM H^I DIA hY VIET NAM
Kbdc vdi sir phong plui tdi nguv'cn du lieh tir nhien, tdi nguyen nbdn vdn ciia hu>cn dao hdu nlur khdng cd bdi Ijch su djnh cu, sir thua thdt ciia dan cu, tinh gin kit yeu eua cdng ddng vd nluing bien ddng eiia licli su. Den nay, vdi sy quan tdm eiia Dang va Nhd nu'ci'c, huyen ddo da ed nbieu cai thicn ve ngudn nhan lire, vdn, co' sd ha tang se gdp phan dua nganh du ljch cd dieu kien khci'i dgng va phdt trien.
Vdi vj the quan trgng cdng hudng vdi cdc ngudn tdi nguyen du Ijch ti,r nhien va mdl sd dieu kien KT-XH, trong dieu kien khdng qud xa dcdt lien ma cimg khdng qud gdn se lao sue bat ldn de du Ijch phat trien nhat Id khi cdi thien dugc CSLIT, giao thdng dudng bien, cdc djch vu du Ijcb
III. DANH GIA TONG HOP TIEM NANG PHAT TRIEN DU LICH HUYEN DAO CO TO Danh gid tdng hgp tiem ndng mdt lanh thd pbi^ie vu mi^ic dich phat trien KT - XH, trong dd ed ngdnb dira tren ede phuo'ng phdp tiep can truyen thdng ciia dja ly bge nbu ticp can he thdng, ticp can tdng hgp Ihdng qua su dung bdn dd canh quan. Tuy nhien khu vuc nghien cuu Id viing hdi ddo nen cd nhfrng net kbdc biet eo' ban so vdi tren lue dia do su ehi phdi ciia yeu td bien. Vi the, yeu td bien, yeu td hdi duong phdi dugc cbii trgng ngay tir khi lira chgn cdc lieu chi ddnh gid, hay xac djnh trgng sd eiia cdc lieu chi vd ddc biet Id d khdu cudi cung khi sir dung ede ket qua ddnh gid cho vice td chirc khdng gian, lua chgn loai hinh du ljch thich hgp.
Tir phan tich ngudn lire ve kr nhien, tdi nguyen thicn nhien tien hdnh ddnh gid tiem ndng phcit trien du ljch qua viec Xcdy dirng thang ddnh gicd, ket qua tinh todn djnh lugng. Tuy nhien, do khudn khd ciia mdt bdi bdo nen khdng the trinh bdy cii the cdc bdc (mirc) ddnh gid tuong img vdi tirng tieu chi de dua ra diem ddnh gid ma chi dua ra ket qud cldnh gid sau khi da so sdnh ddc diem ciia tai nguyen du ljch Cd Td vdi cdc lieu chudn eiia Vien Nghien ciru Phat hien Du ljch.
III.l. Thang danh gia
Thang ddnh gid dugc xdy dung bao gdm: he thdng chi tieu vd lieu chi ddnh gid;
cdc nuie ddnh gid; dicm cho tirng mirc ddnh gid; he sd diem ddnh gia.
De ddnh gid Ucm nang phdt trien du Iich ciia huyen dao Cd Td, qua nghien cuu chung tdi lua chgn 10 lieu chi sau, trong dd da chii trgng ddc biet den yen td bien: Vai trd, vj the huyen diio; Did hdp ddn; Kha ndng tiep can va lien ket vdi trung tdm, tuyen du Ijeh; Thdi gian boat ddng du ljch; Sue chua du Iich; Co' sd ha tang va ca sd vat chat ky thuat phuc vu du lieh; Khd ndng ket hgp td chirc cae loai hinh du ljch; Vj tii. khodng cdch vdi dat lien; Muc do thuan tien vd nuie do an todn giao thdng tren bien; Ndirc do riii ro, thien tai. Cac lieu ehi ddnh gid nay da bao gdm cd yeu Id tu nhien vd xd hdi de the hien tdng hgp tiem nang phdt trien du Ijeh ciia huyen ddo.
Ddnh gid mdi lieu chi qua 4 muc: rdt thuan lgi, khd thiidn lai, thuan Icji trung binh vd il thuan lgi vdi cac chi tieu danh gia cu the (cd tham khao Vien Nghien cuu Phdt triln Du lieh).
Vdi tirng mirc ddnh gid cd qui djnh sd diem cu the nhu sau: Rat thuan lgi: 4 diem;
Khd thuan kii: 3 diem; Thuan lgi trung binb: 2 diem; It thuan lgi: 1 diem.
Tuy nhien, do cdc lieu chi cd tam quan trgng khac nhau cTdi vdi hocit ddng du Ijch nen ein xdc djnh them be sd diem ddnh gid (cdn ggi la he sd tam quan trgng hay trgng sd) dl tang cudng tinh chinh xdc va khdcb quan ciia ket qud ddnh gid. He sd diem ddnh
Hdi nghi IGioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi. 201O IO33
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHblCN V I E T NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
eid dugc xdc dinh theo phuong phdp ma ti'cdn \'d phuong phdp chuyen gia. Cdc chi tieu quan tigna. xuil hien nhilu lin cd trgng sd la 3, cdc chi lieu il quan Irgng ban ihi irgng so Id 2 \d trgng so Id I khi chi lieu dd il quan trgng.
III.2. Ket qua danh gia
Dilm ddnh gid bao gdm sd diem ddnh gia rieng cua tirng lieu chi cu the vd dilm ddnh aid tdng hgp. Dilm ddnh gid rieng ciia tirng lieu chi Id sd diem cu the ciia nuic ddnh gid nhdn vdi trgng so cua tieu ehi dd. Trong do, cac nuic ddnh gia ciia mdi lieu chi dua tren vice phan tich cdc dieu kien cu the eiia huyen dao Cd Td vd ddi chieu vdi Ccdc tieu chuin kv thuat ciia du ljch do Vien nghien cuu Phdt trien Du lieh ban hdnh. Dilm danh gid tdng hgp la tdng sd diem ciia lieu chi. Nhu vay, vdi cdc lieu chi da lira chgn, dilm ddnh gid cao nhit Id 128 diem vd dicm ddnh gid thap nhat la 32 diem. Dicm ddnh eid rieng lung yeu td dugc the hien o bang dudi ddy:
Bang 2: Ket qua ddnh gid rldng cdc yen td phuc vn phdt trien du Iich [5]
Chi ticu
Frcing so Bfit ilanli gia Dicm
Vl the
1
4
12 D i a l
.Sir chia cat
~i
2
4 inh
Bfli bien
3
-1
12 1-Iai van
2
3
6 K h i hau
7
„ • )
6
Sinh vat
2
J
6
Kha nanc ticp can
7
3
6
T h o i gian ho cat dong
3
4
12
Sire chua du Iich
3
3
9
(•
S 11 T
1
1
1 Kha nano.
ket hcrp
2
4
8 V i tri.
khoa ng each
1
2
4
Muc do thuan lien.
3
3
9
Muc do rui ro
2
3
6
Toiitt dicm
101
Can cir vdo diem ddnh gid tdng hgp de phan chia khd nang phat trien du Ijch thdnh cdc nuic do thuan lgi: rdt thuan Igi. khd tbucdn lgi, trung binh vd it thucdn Igi theo thang diem sau:
Rcdt thucdn lgi phai dat dircic tu 81 100% sd diem tdi da.
- Khd thuan lgi Id lir 61 - 80% sd dilm toi da.
- Trung binh Id tir 41 - 60% sd dilm Idi da.
- Kem thuan lgi Id lir 25 - 40% so dilm tdi da.
Diem ddnh gid tdng hgp cdc dang tdi nguyen cho phat triln du ljch Id 101 diem, bang 76,5% sd diem tdi da. Nbu vay theo thang dilm tren, ed thi khing djnh Cd Td co nhieu tiem ndng. dugc ddnh gid Id " khd thudn hi" dl phdt triln du ljch. Vin dl dcdt ra Id lira chgn loai hinh du ljch cho phii hgp ciing nhu cdc giai phdp dl phdt triln.
IV. DjNH HUONG PHAT TRIEN DU LICH BEN VtlNG IIU^ EN DAO CO TO Djnh lurdng phdt Irien du Ijch Cd Td lheo muc lieu bin vung dugc xay dung tren CO sd tiem ndng du Iich cua buyen dao phii hgp vdi quan diem, muc lieu pbdl trien kinh te huyen ddo ciia Ddng. Nhd nude; djnh hudng phat triln du Ijch tinh Quang Ninh va
1034
Hdi nghi KJioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN D I A LY - V I E N KIFfcfCN VIET NAM " HOI! 9 I A LY VJET MAM
quan diem, muc lieu phdt tric^ii ciia luiyen. Tu ctd, chimg tdi da de xudt uinli hirdng pbdl tridi du Iich ben vfrng Cd i d lheo lung ngi dung:
IV.1. Xac lap Clic loai hinh du lieh phii hop vdi muc tieu phat trien ben vii'ng
Vdi sir phong plui ciia tdi nguyen du Ijch lir nhien vd mdt sd dieu kien KT-XH tcao CO sd de da dcing hda cdc locii hinh du lieh, nham thu bill tdi da sd lugng khdch trong vd ngodi nirdc. Qua tham khdo locii hinh du Ijch ciia cdc khu du Ijch bien, ddo ciing nhu cae nghien cuu thi huyen ddo Cd Td cd the phdt trien ben vfrng mdl so loai hinh du Ijch
i i h i r :
- Du Ijeh lain bien, nghi mdt.
- Du ljch ihdm quan bien ddo.
- Du Ijch sinh thdi.
- Du Ijch the thao: ludt vdn, boi Idi, dua thuyen, md td nude,..
- Du ljch Ihdm hiern, kham phd, chii yeu Id ldn bien.
- Du Ijek bien tren khdng ; nhcdy dii, bay khinh khi ciu...
- Du ljch dicu tra, khcdo sdt vd nghien ciru khoa hgc.
- Du ljch mao hiem: leo mii hay nhdy dii.
- Du ljch nghi dirdng, clifra bcnh.
- Du Ijch cudi ludn, vui choi gidi tri.
Nbu vdy, tren mot khdng gidn bien ddo khdng qud rdng, eiing khdng qud xa ddt lien, khdch du Ijch cd the lira chgn nhieu loai binb du ljch theo sd Ihich ciia minh vd nghi ngai, thu gidn, phuc hdi sire khde. Trong dd, mdl sd locai hinh chinh, mang linh "du lieh xanh" la hinh dnh rieng ciia Cd Td Id du lieh tham quan bien ddo, du Ijcb sinh thdi ddo ket hgp tdm bien. Tuy vay, de phdt trien edc loai hinh du Ijeh tren phai lien hdnh ddng thdi vdi viec da dang hda cac djch vu, san pham du lieh.
IV.2. Djnh hudng td chiic khdng gian a. Dinh hudng xdy dimg cdc didm du lieh
0 gdc do vT md, cdc diem du Ijeh Id belt nhdn quan trgng Irong cdc boat ddng phdt trien kinh le du ljch. Mdi diem du ljch cd Cede lgi the rieng ve mcit loai hinh ddc trung. Tii do, iiinli thdnh cdc tuycn du ljch etc da dang hda loai hinh tao sire luit rieng cho du Ijch Cd Td. Tren co' sd thuan lgi vc did hdp dan cua tdi nguyen, su thuan lgi ve vi tri dja ly va cac yen td ve CSHT ed the Xcdc djnh cdc diem du Ijeh chinh Id cae bdi bien; he sinh thai san bd; be sinh thai rirng ngap man;
ddi, viing, ddng bdng tich tu; khu vuc riing kin thudng xanh; cdc vdeb ctd mdi mon: ede vet led dja chat; khu the thao tdng hgp phia Ddng ddo Cd Td Ldn; khu vui choi, gidi Iri.
b, Cdc mo hinh phdt Irien du Iich
Dua vao k<;t qua nghien ciiu vd tham khdo de tdi Cap Nhd nii'dc KC.09.2000 eiia Vien Dja ly chiing tdi dua ra mdt sd md hinh kinh le gdm ea md hinh phat trien du Ijch vd md hinh phdt trien cdc ngdnb kbdc cd lien quan trirc tiep.
* Md hinh du Ijeh sinh thdi :
Ly ludn vd lliirc lien da chimg minh rang phdt Irien md hinh kinh te sinh thdi- du Ijch Id plui hcip nhit nham dam bdo muc lieu PTBV. Cdc he sinh thdi huyen ddo rdl phong plui \a da
Hgi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjud'c ldn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 1035
VIEN DIA LY • > lEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
dane, sons lai rit nhiiy cam vdi tdc ddng ben ngodi nen du Iich sinh thai la md hinh hicu qua.
pbii hgp muc lieu bao tdn thien nhien. bdo ve mdi frudng,
Ddi vdi cdc ddo cua quin ddo Cd Td, cd the phat trien ea bai loai binh du Ijeh sinh thai tren dao va du lieh sinh thai tren biln, Dija vao cdc ngliien cim chi tick chiing tdi da chgn 2 khu vuc chinh thuc hien md hinh du Ijeh sinh thai kit hgp vdi cac nganh, nglil kliac la :
- Khu \'ii'c 1: thugc thdn Nam Ddng (phia Bac dao Cd Td Ldn) vdi md hinh kra chgn du lieh sinh thai- ldm nghiep- trdng dgl.
- Kliu vuc 2: thugc thdn 3, xa Thanh Lan xay dung md hinh du Iich sinh thai- Idm nghiep- nudi irdng hdi sdn.
Naoai ra. cdc kbu vuc phia Nam ddo Cd Td Ldn, toan bd dao Cd Td Con vd khu vuc bien cd he sinh thdi san hd, cd bien eungdiuc hien dugc md hinh nay.
* Md hinh ldng chdi du ljch vd thuong nuai tren bien
Md hinh ndy tlurc hien dugc tai khu vi,re trung tam cua dao Cd Td Ldn, vi ddy la mdt dong bdng tich tu cd ngudn gdc bien, vdi bai bien dai, do ddc nhd, cd he sinh thdi biln da dang. Do dd, d day ed the pbcdl trien mdt lang chai vdi ngdnb nghe da diing (khai thdc. nudi trdng, cbe bien hdi sdn) dirge Xcdy dung ddng bd ve CSHT va cdc dieu kien van hda xa bdi de trd thanh mot diem du Ijch van hda.
c, Thidi lap cdc tuyen du licit Irong vd ngodi huyen ddo
* Cdc tuyen du lieh trong buyen ddo
Cac tuyen nay chi trong thdi gian ngan (mot den hai ngay) va mdi tuyen tap trung vdo mdt sd loai hinh du ljch ehinh de du khach de dcdng lua chgn theo nhu cdu, sd thich ciia minh.
- Tuycn du ljch tham quan- tam bien- the thao: Tuyen nay du khdch chi Ihain quan, lam bien quanh edc bai bien xung quanh dao Cd Td Ldn.
- Tuyen nghi dudng- tham quan- tam bien: Du khach nghi ngoi, tham quan md hinh du Ijeh sinh thdi ciia thdn Nam Ddng va Cede bai bien phia Ddng Bac.
- Tuyen du Ijch sinh thai: Day la tuyen chinh, tuyen dac trung rieng khi khdch du ljch den vdi Cd Td. Du khdch se tham gia vao hanh trinh di thuyen tren bien tir cdng Cd Td va di quanh ddo Thanh Lam de ngam cdnh bien dao, cac cdnh rung nguyen sinh tren ddo. Trong dd cd cdc tuycn phu ma du khdch cd the Ccdp ben, lam bien, di da ngoai Irong khu VU'C ddi mii. ldn bien. leo mii...
* Cdc tuyen du ljch ngoai huyen ddo
Cling vdi cdc trung ldm, cdc khu du Iich trong dja ban tinb Qudng Ninh vd trong vjnh Bac Bd, Cd Td ed the hinh thanh cac tuyln du Ijcb chinh sau :
- Yen Tir- Ha Long- Cat Bd- Cd Td.
- Mdng Cai- Cd Td- Ha Long- Cat Ba.
V. KET LUAN
Qua nghien cuu ciia chimg tdi da danh gid so bg tiim nang pludt triln du ljch eiia huyen dao dua tren cac tieu chuin ciia Vien Nghien ciru Phdt triln Du ljch va mdt sd chuyen gia vdi tdng so dilm la 101 (bing 76,5% so dilm toi da). Vdi so dilm nay cd the xep huv-en dao Cd Td vao mirc "khd thudn lai" cho phcdt triln du Ijeh. Tiim ndng du
1036 Hdi nghi lOioa hgc Dia ly Toan qud'c ldn tli& 5 - Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEH DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VTET NAM
ljch ciia huyen ddo lap trung chii yen vdo edc tai nguyen tu nliien, nhu cdc thdng cdnh ciia vimg bien dao, edc bai bien, cdc be sinh thdi (HST) nhat la HST rirng tlurdng xanh, HST rirng iigdp man. I IS T san bd. Dd Id ngudn tdi nguyen ddi ddo cho phat trien nhieu loai hinh du Ijeh, nhiit id du Ijeh bien (tham quan, lam bien, the thao) vd du Ijch sinh thdi.
Tuy nhien, trong nhfrng nam qua, du Ijch ciia Cd Td clura phdt trien do chi lap trung vdo phdt trien ndng nghiep vd bdo ve ehii quyen an ninh lanh thd. Vai trd ciia phat trien, kinh doanh du Ijch chua dugc de cap day dii va lam sdng td. Do dd, de tbiic day su phat trien eiia ngdnb, dua du Ijeh thdnh ngdnb kinh te chinh tbi lheo chimg tdi can chii y gidi quyet cdc van dc ndi com sau:
- Phdi cd qui hoach ci,i the de phdt trien ngdnb du Ijch sao cho tuong xirng vdi liem ndng Cling nhu can ddi vdi ede nganh khac vd dam bao muc tieu phdt Iric^n ben vfrng.
- Gidi quyet tdt bdi todn ve CSHT nhu dau tu xay dung cdng, nang cap phuong lien van lai bien nhdm nit ngan thdi gian ra dao; ve dien nang can ddu tu xay dung cdc tram phdt dien nhd, ve lau dai [\cn tdi kcu ggi ddu tu xay dung nhd mdy dien sir dung nang lugng sach.
- Chu trgng dau tu cho giao due, ndng cao ddn tri, dao tao ngudn nhan lire ddp img vdi yeu cdu phat trien Kl-XH huyen ddo.
- Tich cue tuyen truyen ngudi dan, cdn bd qudn ly ve vai trd ciia tdi nguyen mdi trudng va phdt trien ben vfrng.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. Le Dire An (chii tri) vd nnk (1993), Dieu kien tu nhien, tdi nguyen thien nhien bien qudn ddo Cd To- Thanh Ldn, Bdo cao de ini.ie, de tdi KT.03.12.
2. Le Due An va nnk (1993), Cdc vdn eld phii-ang phdp lucin vd phuong phdp nghien cuu ddnh gid tdng hcrp dieu kien lu nhien, tdi nguyen thien nhien vd KT-XLi he thdng ddo ven bd Viet Nam trong chien luge phdt trien KT-XH bien, Bao cdo tdng hgp de tai KT.03.12, Vien Dia Iy, Trung tam Khoa hgc Tu nhien va Cdng nghe Qudc gia.
3. Pham Hoang Ilai va nnk (2006), Ca sd khoa hgc vd cdc giai phdp phdt trien KT-XH ben vung ddm bdo an ninh qudc phdng huyen ddo Cd Td, linh Qudng Ninh ", Bao cao chuyen cte, De tai KC.09.20, Vien Dia ly, Trung tam Khoa bge TN&CN Qudc gia.
4. Dang Duy Lgi (1992), Ddnh gid cdc dieu kien tir nhien vd Idi nguyen Ihidn nhien huyen Bu Vi (Hd Tdy) phuc vu muc dich du Iich'", Lucdn an Phd Tien si khoa hgc Dja ly- Dja cbcdk Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ndi.
5. Pham Thj Hdng Nhung (2008), Nghien ciin xdc lap ca sd dia ly hgc phuc vu phdt Irien du Iich ben vung huyen ddo Cd Td, tinh Qudng Ninh, Ludn van Thac sy khoa hgc Dja ly, Trudng dai hgc khoa hgc Tir nhien- Dai hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi.
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn cjudc ldn th&o-Hd Ndi, 2010 1037
