Mo hmh lien ket va cc che dieu phdi vung Regional Coordination Mechanism Practices
Ngay nhan bai: 23/11/2014 Ngay siTa bai: 5/12/2014 I Ngay chap nhan dang: 10/3/2015
Nguyen Trong Hoa
T O M TAT:
Bai viet nay nh&m (i) gidi thieu tdng quan ve thi^c tiSn ca che d i l u ph6i viing trfin the gi6i; (ii) xac dinh cac tieu chi t h a n h cong ciia hoat dgng; va (iii) nhan dang cac nhan td t h ^ h c6ng trong hoat dpng dieu phoi vung.
Tft khoa: cd che dieu phoi vung; m o i hinh quan tri viing.
ABSTRACT
This article aims to (i) review regional , coordination mechanism; (ii) determine the success criteria of effective I regional coordination mechanism; (iii) i identify the success factors in regional coordination implementation; and to (iv) ' propose appropiate regional coordination mechanism to implement the regional governance model for Ho Chi Minh city region.
' Keywords: regional coordination mechanism; regional governance model.
PGS. TS. Nguyin Tr^ng H6a I Vi?n Nghi&n cilu phat trien TPHCM
Di^n thoai: 0903 800141
1 . Tong quan ve thiTc tien co che dieu phoi theo mo hinh qudn trj viing
1.1 Cac mo hinh li^n ket viing tren the g i d i
M6t each t o n g quat, tren t h e gidi c6 ba mo hlnh lien ket v i i n g d o thi: (1) q u i n ly vung (regional government) tren casd ly thuyet vung (regionalism); (ii) canh tranh tU cJo hi/dng tdi sU li/a chpn ciia cong dong (public choice); va (iii) quin tt\ viJng (regional governance) tren ca sd 1^ thuyet vung mdi (new regionalism).
1.1.1 Qudn ly viing dua tren ly thuyet viing (regionalism)
Theo cac hoc gi^ nghien cuU ve mo hinh qudn ly vung, cac chinh quyen ^ a phUdng, trong m o t ranh gidi dia ly cua viing, dUdc hdp nhat va duac dat dUdi sy qudn ly cOa m o t dp hanh chfnh t h o n g nhat (Ye, 2009). Hai hinh thiJc quan 1^ hanh chfnh trong pham vi toan vCing do thi, ti^u bieu la Chfnh quy4n Viing va Hgi dSng Viing. Hlnh thijrc qudn ly hanh chinh nay cung cho thiy mo hlnh qudn ly v i i n g dua trgn nguyen tSc qudn ly hdnh chinh thong nhat va tSp trung (top-down approach); va nguyen tac thiJ hai Id thUc hien dich vu cong tren quy mo todn viing chm trdeh nhiem bdi chinh quyen vimg.
1.1.2 Canh tranh tudo hi/dng tdi sulUa chgn cua cong dong (public choice)
Md hinh canh tranh tif d o giCra cdc chinh quy^n viing neng Id hUdng tdi viec t h u h u t ngUdi ddn den sinh sdng {Tiebout, 1956, Bish, 1971). Cdc hoc gia ung hd m d hinh nay cho r3ng cdc chfnh quyen viing rieng le hoat dpng hieu qud hdn chfnh quyin vCing d o thi hop nh^t d o doanh nghiep vd ngu'di ddn khdng phdi chiu t h u ^ vh chi p h i de dieu hanh m o t b o mdy chmh quyen hop nhdt khong Id va thi^u hieu qud (Ye, 2009; Douay, 2010). Ho cd the chon lUa giCa cdc dia phu'Ong 6i smh song tren co sd cdn nhdc mijrc thue vd chdt lUdng ciia dich vu d d thi dua tren nguyen tde ban tay vo hinh trong nen kinh te thi trudng; d o do, cdc dia phuong se no lu'c cung cdp dich vu cdng t o t nhdt vdi chi phf thap
de tranh tinh trang doanh nghigp va ngUdi ddn dl cU sang cdc dia phUOng khdc lam gidm t i n h canh tranh cOa viJng.
1 1.3 Qudn tri viing dUa tren ly thuyet viing mdi (new regionalism)
Mb hinh qudn t n vOng dKa trSn 1;^ thuyet viing m d i dUOc xem Id sU ket h o p giO^ m d hlnh qudn ly viing vd m d hinh canh tranh t u d o . Theo Savitch vd Vogel (2000,161), "Qudn ly v i i n g ddi hdi cdc the che, viec bau cd chinh thutc va quy trinh ra quyet dinh, vd cau tnic hdnh chinh;
trong khi khdi ni^m qudn t n vimg hUdng den vi^c cung cdp cac djch vu cong tren co sd t i i nguyen thdng qua siT phdi h c ^ giCiia cdc t o chCTc ngang hdng" Qudn t n v i i n g du'a tren nguygn tde t u nguyen h c ^ tde vd t u dieu chinh nhdm dat dUdc cac muc tieu phat trien v i i n g (Ye, 2009). Cdc chinh quyen dia phUcJng khdng can trifc tiep thdc hien dich vu cdng md cd t h e hdp tde vdi cdc chinh quyen dia phuong Idn cdn, cdc doanh nghiep, cdc t o chdc xd hdi de ddm bdo ngUdi ddn duoc phuc vu m d t each c6 chdt tuong va hieu qud,
Bai Viet ndy se tap trung phan tich sau nhCfng trUdng hop thUc tien tren the gidi dp dung thdnh cdng m d hlnh qudn t n vCing dua tren nhCIng nguyen tde nhdt qudn (cd che 3\iu phoi qudn tri vCing) - duoc due ket tai phan sau - nham van dyng xdy dung co che dieu phoi cho viing TPHCM
1.2T6ng quan v£ thUc t ^ lien ket vimg tai cdc quoc gia tren the g i d i
1.2 1 ThUc telien ket viing tai My Lien k^t vimg tai My t i i thap ni4n 1950 chuyen t y m d hinh quan ly Vimg sang m d hlnh qudn trj Viing trude thUc te nhieu thanh pho dp dung m d hinh qudn ly Viing da so gdp nhi^u thdch thu'C vd kho khdn (85% cac thdnh p h d that bai khi dp dung m d hinh qudn ly viing). Su ra ddl cOa khdi niem qudn t n vung h o t r o hoat ddng hdp tac, dieu phdi v i i n g Imh hoat hon, mang tinh t u nguyen, phi ehinh thuc vd khdng nhdt t h i ^ t phdi thdnh lap m d t chinh quyen dieu
7.2015 svniEiiax 43
C h u y « n g i a v d t 6 d i i l c n g N « n c A i d ^ l t p Doanh n g h i ^ c&ng rtghi^p
liCndoanh C i c t 6 c h i k x 2 h $ i .
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% g phuong- ' ' B a n t h i / l q j v i
" Nhdm chuyin gia ' - o S
Kmh 1 Mo liinli tong quan w ten Hieu phS vung nhim *le mat tang along Bnti hieu qua ciia Ban (lieu phoi.
Nguon: (Sd Xay ditng tinh
b e b«n Iham g u khii 1>9C gii, khdi t U n U n ' ' i NGOsvac^ngdOng dia phifcmg
ky Viing Yogyakarta Hlnh 2. MS hinh tong quan vj Ban diei
NgiiSn.(Hudalahet,al.20U)
ph6i. TCf thuc tiSn ndy, cd the rut ra ket ludn md hlnh qudn trj viing hi^u qud hdn md hinh qudn ly vimg duoc ddnh gid cao trJdc d d ' , phii hop vdi thi trudng eanh tranh t u d o .
1.2J Thuc t^liin ket viing tai cdc nudc Chdu AuvdtaiBiic
Tai cdc nudc Chdu Au, co hai hinh thifc lien k& vung: lien k^t cd tinh lanh tho va lien ket phi lanh th6, ed thS ndi mdt vai xu hudng chinh tri t^i cdc nude tuy khde nhau nhung vdn co dnh hudng qua lai vdo cu6i the ky 20 dan tdi sy thay d6i trong nhdn thiJc ve quy trinh chinh tri, t d
"cai t r j ' sang 'qudn t n " quy trinh chinh trj {Heeg et. al, 2003 vd Waibel M , 2014).
Theo Michael Wibel, due ket gdn ddy ve md hinh lien k^t vung do thi tai OiJc vdi trang thdi djch chuydn tir 'eai trj" sang 'qudn tn", viee thuc hien lien tuc mdt loat cdc quyet djnh d cap chinh quyen dd thi di ngUoc lai mue tieu cap vimg ed the thuc ddy phdt trien kinh te nhilnig vimg kem phdt trien hodc dinh hUdng phdt trien khdng gian cho cac khu vUc Uu tien kem hieu qud. Vd eung theo dng, tren thUc te, edc do thi dang eo gdng phdt tnen edc hinh thifc hop tde
' M6 hinti quan iy vijng Itiong nhjt (monocentnc govemmet) Sax danh gia la hieu qua do tiet kiem tlilK du phi van hanh khi hop nhit cac ttiinh quyen Itianh phA tiong viing ii quin ly, quan ly tot hon Irong mot bo may thmg nhat
' Vidu vung Jing-Jm-|i(B^ Kinh, Thien Tan va tam thanh pho ciia Q'nh Ha 6ac};VungChaij tho song TrucmgGi^^^
mutn lam thanh ph6 thuoc cit tinh Oiiet Giang, Giang Ti); Ving Chau tho song Chau Giang (Quang Song, Tham Quyen, Vii Han va Oiu Ui. ltongt(ong va Macao), trong do, cac chmh quyen dia phuang dong vai tm chu dong tmng lien ket vimg nhSm thiic day sif hop tac, tao sdc manh canh tranh quoc t l ciia cac vimg do ttii nay.
' Viing Yogyakarta bao gom th^nh phd Yogyakarta - c6 diik nang tai chinh va giao due, dien - va cac quan Sleman va BantuI, dien tich Uning 18 819 ha. din so gin 907575 ngucH vao nam 2005.
4 4 0WIKflOT '
va hoaeh d m h ehinh sach khdc so vdi quy hoaeh vimg truyen thdng vd quy hoach vimg dUa tren quy hoach sCf dung dat nhdm thuc day lien ket viing dua tren cde hoat ddng ci^a cac tac nhan la doanh nghiep, tU nhdn hodc khu vuc nha nUde dUa tren sU t u nguyen hdp tde
1.2 3 Thuc te liin ket viing tai Trung Quoc
Tai Trung Quoc, lien ket vung la mdt ehinh sdch mdi, trUdc cdi each va md cCfa vdo thap men 1970, Trung Quoc chi quan tam den viing ldnh tho d khfa eanh chinh trj va hdnh chfnh.Trong 30 nam gan day, Trung Qudc dd ban hanh cac ehinh sdeh lien ket viing do thj mpt each nang dong de gidi quyet edc van de kmh te va xa hdi eiia v i m g . Viee thiet lap va thyc thi cdc chinh sach lien ket vimg d d thi cua Trung Qudc can dUOe su phe duyet va hd t r d ve ky thuat, chinh sach cua ehinh quyen trung Uong. Vdi md hinh lien ket vimg nhif tren, Trung Qudc da dat dUoc nhCfng thdnh edng nhat djnh trong ITnh vUc kinh te - xa hdi, thue day qua trinh do thi hoa tai cac viing dd thi trgn toan quoc, dac biet la cdc viing d d th[ nam ven b d bien phia D o n g Trung Q u d c ' (Ye, 2009).
Bai hpc kinh nghiem ve eo ehe dieu phdi cho md hinh qudn t n , Vung dong bang Chdu Giang la thanh eong nhat, khi ddi mat vdi cac thdch thdc chung nhU: (1) canh tranh kinh te;
(2) bdo t o n van hod; (3) phdt tnen xa hdi vd (4) xay dung ha tang khung chung (giao thong cong cong) va mang nhCfng net tUcmg ddng vdi cac nude chdu A dang phat trien nhUViet Nam.
thi nhCH'ig thdch thifc can giai quyet g o m :
- NhCng han ehe cda mdt vung c6 the chi phap ly ddc thCi do t i n h trang *m6t dat nudt nhUng cd hai co che';
- Khodng cdch ve trinh dp phdt t r i i n gra edc t i n h trong v i i n g khien ho c6 nhCfng Vn nhin va ehien lUoc ifu tien thuc hi§n khdc nhait - Thieu mdt CO ehe qudn ly vd chia s§ lyifch chung;
- Thieu sU li^n ket giCta he th6ng cung lihg dich vy cong cdng vd chinh quyen thdnh phfl, Tuy Ban dieu phdi Viing ddng bdng Ch3u Giang cO bdn dd duoc thdnh Idp nhung chib that sU dat dUdc hieu qud cao. Ban dieu phi^
Vung de xudt edc ttnh trong vCing ciing ttwfi hien nhung bi^n phdp cu t h i n h u sau:
Cdi thien bd mdy hoat dong chung trong cdng tde hop tde vd CO ehe d i l u phfii:
- Xdc dinh rd trdeh nhiem vd quy^n han giifi ede ben lien quan vd mfii quan h^ tUOng tic theo lien ket hang ngang vd hdng doe;
- Xac d m h kenh trao ddi thdng tin thuflljj xuyen giCfa cdc thanh pho trong Vting <lpm bdng Chdu Giang de bdt ddu hop tde gill q u ^ ede van de chung trong vimg (d^c bidt Id ti?p tde giO'a Hongkong vd Macao);
- Day manh hop tde vd thiet Idp nSn ling cho nhdm t u vdn, nhdm chuydn gia trong vi^
hdp tde, dieu phdi v6i sy tham gia ciia cdc bit lien quan;
Cai thidn bo mdy hoat ddng, co ch^
quyet cac van de trong nhOng linh vyc chl di xuat mdt Ban di§u phoi cd tinh tyong^
sU tham gia cua cdc b^n lidn quan.
1.2 4 Tbi/c telien kit viing tgi Indonesia Sy hlnh thdnh cdc viing d d thi d IntJonesia phdt smh t i l cde hanh lang phdt t r i l n ty pJiJt - k i t ndi khu vUc loi d d thi vdi ndng thdn - do McGee (1991) de xUdng vd gpi la Desakota. Cic hanh lang phdt trien ndy khdng dyoe edc cu quan nhd nude, chuyen gia dja phUdng qiw tdm, vi the can cd cdi nhin t6ng qudt hc[d cap d p viing. TrUdng hop Viing YogyakartaM mdt dien hinh thanh edng trong thyc thi B ket v i j n g dd thi Iheo md hinh qudn tri vmB (Hudalah,2013).
Cdu true chinh quyen cila Viing Yogyakarta theo dang da tdng b^e (multi- tiered governmental structure). Liic ddu ehfnii quyen ddm nhiem sdu ITnh vyc: xd ly ehSt thi rdn, nudc sach, nude thdi / thodt nude, dUdng pho va giao t h d n g ; chye ndng quy hoach ph*
trien khdng gian dUOC bo sung vao nam 20(8 (Hudalah, 2013). Bdi hpc kinh nghiem t i l V » Yogyakarta la t y viec thdnh lap mdt Ban d f phoi giup viec eho lanh dao cdc dia phucJngB m d t yeu t d then chot trong van 6i lidn k i t vin) vd thdnh cdng can dUa t r * n ba nhdn td: (a)co che; (b) qud trinh vd;(c) dang thdc hoat if^
cLia Ban d i i u phdi. Vikz thdnh Idp cd c h i * • Ban dieu phdi cdn cd sU tham gia vd hop tde*
cac nhan to quan trong (Hinh 2):
12,5 ThUc tiliin ket viing vd cochiffilup^^
img tai Viet Nam
Viet Nam h i f n cd chin v i i n g kinh te - xa hpi i: v i i n g Thu d d Ha Ndi, v u n g Duyen hdi Bdc id, v i m g Trung d u vd m i i n nui phfa Bdc, viing ldc Trung B6, v i m g Tdy Nguyen, v i m g D u y i n ldi Nam Trung Bd, v i i n g kmh t i trong ^ e m m i n Trung, v i m g TPHCM vd v i m g D o n g bdng dng CCfu Long. Vi n h i i u ly d o ve t h e c h i , cho len nay ede lien ket vung theo c h i i u dpc van a loai li^n k i t chu y i u , t h d m chf trong m d t s6 rudng hop edn lan dt cae loai li^n k i t ngang 'd khdng mang lai t h a n h tUu dang ke ndo (Le flit Thdi, 2009 vd Biii Tat Thdng, 2014), va dac ) i i t la t h i i u khung t h e c h i qudn tri v i m g . Cdc )an chl dao duoc thdnh ldp vdi muc tieu "chl lao, t o chye nghien eyu chinh sdeh, c o che vd i h i i n lu'pc phdt trien do t h j todn v i i n g , p h i i hop 'di tdm nhin lau dai, phoi hop viec d i i u chinh ihdt trien edc v u n g kinh t i trong diem d i bdo l d m phdt trien b i n vCmg cho toan v i m g " *; tuy i h i i n d u d n g n h u hoat ddng ciia cac ban ehi lao khdng du d i tao sU lien k i t can thiet giya :de dia phuong. Ly thuyet qudn tr{ v i i n g vd edc n d hlnh qudn trj viing tai Vi^t Nam dUdc trinh Jay trong phan t i i p theo.
V i thUc chat, q u y i n han cua Ban chl dao ai khd han c h i ^ vd van hoat d d n g chUa hidu
^ud khi sU phdi hop giCfa cde tinh thdnh ehUa lac sdc, rd net, n h u Phd Thu t u d n g Chinh phCi
•iohng Trung Hdi da nhan dinh ' . Ve m d hinh len k i t , cde t i n h thanh p h d trong v u n g dang l o ^ t d p n g theo 1^ t h u y i t chpn lUa cdng nhdng iam 1 9 5 0 - 1960 eda the kJ'trUdeva dang bdc d n h i i u han c h i khi khdng co sy d i i u phoi cda iha nudc nhU m d hlnh qudn tri v i m g dd thdnh :dng tai n h i i u v i m g tr#n t h i gidi n h u d a d i cdp ytrfen.
Bdi hoc kmh nghiem VCing duyen hdi (Wlien Trung (Viet Nam)
Chlnh q u y i n 7 tinh thdnh (Thya Thien - Hui, Od Ndng, Qudng Nam, Qudng Ngdi, Binh 3inh, Phu Yen, Khdnh Hda) da tU nguy&n lidn cit vdl nhau hlnh t h d n h Viing duyen hdi m i i n Trung dd ed nhCfng n6 lue, ehu ddng khai thde 01 t h i v i dieu kien tU nhien d i t h u hut dau tU, ranh t h u su h d t r o cCia Trung uong nhdm day ihanh tde d p phdt t r i i n kmh t i - xa hdi cda moi lia phuang. Tren cO sd do, d i n nay, Viing dd :d n h i i u hoat d d n g lien quan den xuc t i i n lien
k i t , hop tac phat t r i i n giifa 7 tinh trong v u n g tren nhieu linh vUc: du Ijeh; y te; phat t r i i n cdng nghiep; nguon nhan lUc bang ede 8ien bdn ky k i t , I l i n ket vdi quan diem phat huy siJc manh kinh t i va phat tnen d o thi cOa Vimg m d t cdch toan d i i n , hudng tdl xay d u n g m d t Viing duyen hdi p h d n vinh cua ddt nude, dua vac do, Vimg da ed nhCfng hoat ddng nham tang cUdng hdp tde giCfa cac t i n h tren n h i i u ITnh vUc.
2. Cdc ti^u chf thanh cong cOa cO c h i d i e u phoi vdng
M d hinh qudn trj v i m g thUe su hddng tdi mue tieu ndng cao ndng Iyc canh tranh viing, chii yeu la canh tranh quoc t i . Tieu chi thdnh cdng (success criteria) eua m d hinh qudn tri v i m g ed t h i sd d u n g ede tieu chi trong khung ddnh gid Chi so Nang luc Canh tranh Cdp vCing (RCI - Regional Competitiveness Index) cua Li^n minh Chau Au k i t h c ^ x^t t h e m y i u t d chat luong mdi trUdng sdng trong viing (chat lUOng khdng khf, nude mat, VI khf hdu, ..). Chlsd Nang luc Canh tranh Cap viJng eda Lien minh Chau Au duoc xay dUng trgn eO s6 dCr lieu cda t y n g v i m g lanh t h f i true thudc, bao g d m ba nhom tieu chf n h u sau:
- Nhdm CO ban (basic pillars) gom cdc tiSu chf: t h i c h i , sU on dinh cua kinh t i vf md, ha tdng, sdc khde, chdt lUcmg cua gido due tieu hpc vd trung hoc,
- Nhom hidu qud (efficiency pillars) g d m cac ti£u ehi: gido due - ddo tao dai hoe vd viec vda hpc vifa lam, hidu qud cua t h j trudng lao d d n g , quy m d t h i trUdng;
- Nhdm ddi mdi (innovation pillars) g d m edc tieu chi: sU s i n sang ve mat ky thuat, sy nang ddng cua cac doanh nghi&p (business sophistication), sU ddi mdi.
3. Cdc nhan t d thdnh cong cua co che d i i u phdi viing
Viee xdc dmh cdc nhan t d thdnh cdng cd vai trd quan trong trong viec d i xudt v i ca c h i d i e u phdi d i thuc hi^n m d hinh qudn trj viing. Viee xdc ^ n h cac nhan t d thanh cdng duoc diie k i t t y kmh nghiem cua cac vung khac nhau t r i n t h i gidi, eg the nhU sau:
Cac nhan t d ben ngodi:
- 5 y chap thuan va hd t r o ciia cap trung uong;
- S y p h a n c a p , p h d n q u y i n m a n h m e c a p
Trich Quyet dmh sfi S89I(B-T\g ngSy ngay 20 thang 5 nam 2008 cila Thii tudng Chinh phi) Ve viec phe duyet Ouy hoach xay dimg img thanh pho Ho Chi Mmh den nam 2020 v i t a m nhin den nam 2050.
Qu'dc y^ucJu cac b6, ban, n g M Trung ifongli^n quan, cap u j v a chlnh quyen cjc tinh, thanh pho tren dia ban bao cao tinh hinh thJc lien nghi quy^L chi thi, quyet dmh cHa Qang va Chfnh phii, (2) dUoc tham d u c j c hoi nghi so ket, long ket cac chuyen de cua Trung wng, Chfnh phu, cac bfl, ban, ngJnh Trung u'cmg va dia phuong; (3) dUoc cung cap thong tin va tham gia y kien doi ven cac van ban cua acban,l>6, nganh Trung Lfong, (4) duoc tham muu, de xuat ven Bo Chinh I n , Ban Bl t h i f va Thii t i l i n g Chfnh phO cac chii truong, chlnh i c h c6 tfnh d a c t h u t r e n dia b J n v M S ) duoc m6i tham difva dong g o p y k i e r tai m ( l t s f i a i 6 c h o p , hoi nghi quantrong ciia cap u#, chfnh uyen cdc t i n h , thanh pho (Khoin 2, Oi^u 2).
d m j t khia c?nh nao dfl cac tinh v i n phat tnen theo dmh hifflng neng va cac ke hoach chia se giifa cac tinh trong viing con m & r h a t , i c v3n d# lien viingquan Uong cdn chia s i thflng nhat va CO cam ket chung sifc thifc hien quan l y . . . c o n la nhOiig dieu gay tranh luan lifa c i c tfnh. M y la biJc tranh chung cho hau het cac virng trang quan t n viing de v i k phoi hap hanh dong giiia cSc tinh, thanh pho leu q u i hon
t n m g U o n g c h o c d c d i a p h u o n g t r o n g v i m g ; - Bdi cdnh hdi nhdp qudc te.
- Cde ehinh sdch k h u y i n khfch t h a m gia ciia dia phuong vd chia se tam nhin chung
Cae nhdn t d ben t r o n g :
- M d hlnh qudn tri v i m g d u n g dan vd bd may d i i u phdi vCing hieu qud.
- s y chia se tam nhin chung, xac dinh vSn d i va muc tieu chung, djnh hUdng dOng ciia lanh dao cde dja phUcmg trong v i m g ;
- Qud trinh ra thdo ludn vd ra cdc q u y i t dinh chung m d t cdch hpp I5?, cdng khai (theo hinh thCfe ddl thoai song phuong vd da phuong);
- Nhdn thyc va vai t r d cua ldnh dao cdc dia phuong trong vCing;
- Co c h i rd rdng, cdng khai vd m i n h bach trong viec sy d u n g cac ngudn Iyc chung d i dat cac muc tieu chung da d i ra;
- Nhdn thyc, sy tham gia, sU ling hd cOa ede doanh n g h i i p vd ngUdi dan cda cac dia phucmg trong vung;
- Tich hop cdc sang k i i n cda dm phuong trong viing thanh cdc sdng k i i n chung ciia toan v i i n g d d t h i m d t cdch h c ^ ly;
-Tao mdi trUdng edi md, cdng khai va minh bach trong ddi thoai ciing cap giCfa ede dia phuong;
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