THLTC TliN - KINH NGHlEM
Phuong phap cua giang vien va flieu km hoc tap cua sinh vien l(hi chuyen sang
dao tao theo tin chi
• TS DdNG VAN PHU'd^NG Hoc vien Bao chi va Tuyen truyin
Trong gido due hien nay, viec chuy6n hinh thiic dao tao theo nien che sang dao tao tiieo tin chi la mdt xu the khdch quan. Tuy nhidn, dl hinh thiic ddo tao nay cd hieu qua can cd sy chuan bi chu dao cua cd gidng vien vd smh vien, tii phuang phap gidng day den cdc dieu kien hgc tap. Bai vilt da trinh bay them ve phuong phap gidng day ciia gidng vien ddi vdi viec ty hpc ciia sinh vi6n nhdm dat duoc hieu qua nhu mong mudn khi chuyen sang dao tao theo tin chi.
1. Giam thoi gian giang tren Idp khi chuyin sang dao tao theo tin chi la "ky lu|it thep" budc giang vien phai doi mdi phmmg phap
Phuong phdp la each tiep can, each chiem linh, each tac dpng din ddi tupng; ndi chung, phuong phdp Id each de con ngudi dat muc dich. Vay tim ddu ra phuong phdp? Nhd tri6t hpc bien chimg duy tam vT dai Heghen lai rdt duy vdt khi cho rang, "Phucmg phdp nam trong ngi dung, phdi ttr ndi dung de tim ra phuong pbap"; dieu dd cd ngbia la:
Thu nhdt, neu khdng nam dugc ngi dung, khdng hieu ndi dung thi khdng cd phuang phdp ndo bet (ngudi gidng khdng ndm dugc npi dung thi khdng cd phuong p h ^ gidng day ndo bet, ngudi hgc khdng hieu ngi dung tiii ciing khdng cd phuong phap lam bdi ndo hit).
Thu hai, phuang phap ndo? Bao nhieu phuong phap? Id phu thugc mdt each quyet dinh vdo miic do ndm ndi dung, miic dp nhudn nhuyin cua giang vien ve ndi dung bdi gidng.
Thuba, khi npi dung chuang trinh khdng tiiay ddi, thdi gian gidng tten Idp lai nit ngdn ddng kl flii gidng vien budc phdi thay ddi phuang phdp, vi niu cii phuang phap cu se khdng tiuyin tdi hit npi dung cua chuang trinh; cdn neu khdng cd phuang pbap ndo hem
phuong phdp cii ttong viec ddm bao trayen tdi n^i dung cua chuang trinh thi gidng vien bupc phdi tim hieu lai ndi dung (phai hieu ndi dung sdu sac ban) flii mdi cd th6 tim dupc phucmg phdp mdi.
Thir tu; vi phuang phap chi Id cdch de dat muc dich n6n phuong phdp khdng dugc mau thuan vdi muc dich, khi thdi gian gidng tren ldp da bi nit ngan ddng ke, gidng vien phai thay ddi phuang phap mdi trayen tdi bet ndi dung cua chuang tiinh; nhung neu phuang pbap tuy6n tdi mdi lai khien ngudi hgc rat khd nam bat ndi dung hay khdng the bilu dugc nhiing ndi dung md gidng vien trayin tdi thi su ddi mdi phuong phap se ttd nen vd nghia.
Phuang phap chi la each de dat myc dich, nhung khi da thich hpp thi phuong phdp se cd y nghia hon muc dich. Chdng ban, de tim phuong phap tiuyin tdi het npi dung chucmg trinh do thdi gian len Idp da hi nit ngan, gjdng vien budc phdi nghien ciiu lai npi dung (phdi bieu ndi dung sdu sdc hon) mdi tim ra phuong phdp mdi, thi phucmg phdp mdi dd khdng chi giiip giang vien d^t myc dich tiiien tdi bet ndi dung chuong trinh tdi ngudi hgc, md chinh bdn flidn gidng viSn ciing da phdi "duoc" hgc lai trudc de hi6u ndi dung sdu sdc ban. Vi vdy thdi gian (md cy the la viec gidm thdi gjan
76 Ly Inan chinh tri & Truy^'n thong Sd'thdng 4-2016
THU'C T I E N - KINH NGHIEM
len ldp khi dao tao theo tin chi) da trd tiianh "ky luat thep" khdng chi budc gidng vi6n phdi ddi mdi phuang phap, ma cdn bu^c gidng vien phdi ndm 1^ kiln thiic sdu sac han.
2. Phmmg phdp cua giang vi6n khi thdi gian
^ang tren ldp giam nhieu va dilu kifn hpc tdp cua sinhviSn
Khi thdi gian gidng tren ldp gidm nhi6u md ndi dung chuang trinh co ban khdng ddi, thi phuang phap dl ttuyin tai bet ndi dung chuong trinh chi cd the diln ra theo hai each:
Cdch thir nhdt la tten ldp, gidng vi6n chii ylu cbi la ngudi td chiic hudng ddn nhdn thiic cho ngudi hgc bang mdt "thiet k6" Id gic ve y nhu la nhiing ndc thang ciia n h ^ Ihirc, cua tu duy vdi tu cdch Id cdch ti6p can, cdch nhdn thiic, each hieu vdn de; hodc gidng vien chi gidi thieu va hudng dan dpc tdi heu. Cdn tiep can, nhan thiic, hieu dugc vdn d6 hay khdng lai chu yeu do ngudi hpc cd thyc hien su hudng tidn cua giang vien hay khdng; vd quMi trgng la cd du tai Ueu, du thdi gian d6 ngudi hgc thyc hien sy hudng dan cua gidng vien hay khdng.
Cdch thie hai Id tten ldp, gidng vien cbi tap trui^
gidng nhirng ndi dung khd v6 bpc thudt, can ldm rd ve mat tiiuc tien bay nhimg ndi dung Id tien de ca ban de ngudi hgc cd the ty hgc, cd the Iam viec nhdm; nhiing ndi dung cdn lai cua chuong trinh, ngudi hgc phdi tu dgc, ty tim hieu theo ggi y, theo yeu cdu ciia gidng vien hay tiidng qua ldm viec nhdm.
Nhu vdy, d cd hai cdch, tdi lieu hgc tap va thai gian hgc tap (sinh vien phdi cd thdi gian tu hgc nhdt dinh sau khi nghe gidng) la hai dieu kien hpc tap quan ttgng de tiiyc hien ddi mdi phuang phdp gidng day khi tnen khai dao tao theo tin cbi; neu khdng, ket qua ddo tao se khdng dupc nhu mong mudn.
Hien nay (khi chuyen sang ddo tao theo tin chi), khdng it gidng vi6n cdn limg timg ve phuang phdp (khdng bilt each nao chuyen tdi bet ndi dung cua chuang ttinh mgt cdch hieu qua khi tiidi gian gidng tten ldp da bi cdt giam gdn mdt nua); tinh trang gidng khdng bit ndi dung, tinh frang "day qua loa cho cd da/', tinh trang sii dung thdi gian thyc hanh hay thdi gian tiido ludn de giang tiep da xudt hien. Neu khdng dugc khdc phuc sdm thi hieu qua cua ddi mdi ddo tao se khdng dugc nhu mong mudn. De khac phyc tinh
trang nay thi:
Thir nhdt, ddi v&i gidng viin (nhu da d6 cap) khdng cd each nao khac Id mdi gidng vien phdi bilt "tiJ hpc lai" de ndm lai ndi dung sdu sac hon, phdi xac dinh ro ndi dung ndo gidng vien phai gidng, ngi dung ndo gidng vien chi hudng dan vd ndi dung ndo smh vien phdi ty dpc, rdi soan lai bai gidng; de lam dugc nhiing viec dd, gidng vien khdng nhiing phai rdt "nhuyin" vl ndi dung ma cdn phdi rdt trdi nghiem vl ngh6 nghiep.
Theo kinh nghiem ciia tdc gja, thi cdc khoa nen yeu cau cdc gidng vien ciing day mgt mdn phai "ngdi lai vdi nhau" de xac dinh ro nhimg vdn d6 do; each Iam nay khdng nhirng cho phep xdc dinh nhanh, chinh xdc van de phdi giang, vdn d6 cdn hudng ddn, vdn d6 sinh vien phdi tu dgc md cdn ddm bdo sy thdng nhdt ve chuy6n mdn giiia cdc gidng vien ttong gidng day. Cdc vdn de md gidng vien phdi giang gidi fren ldp cho sinh vi6n thudng la cac khdi niem, cdc pham tiu, thudt ngii chuy6n ngdnh (cac cdng cu de nhdn thiic vd tu duy), cdc vdn de khd ve mat hgc thudt vd can ldm ro v6 mat thyc tien; bdi neu sinh vien Ididng nam duoc nhung van de dd thi vi6c dgc, viec tu hgc, viec thdo ludn hay ldm viec nhdm ciia hg se rdt khd khdn. Cdn de smh vien phdi dpc tai heu, phdi tu hgc nhimg ndi dung cdn lai ciia chuang trinh theo hudng din cua gidng vien thi giang vien phdi biet "tinh hudng hda nhieng ndi dung con lgi do " de kich thich sinh vien hudng vdo giai quylt, trinh bay cdch gidi quyet nhiing tinh hudng dd ttong gid tiiyc hdnh hay trong gid thdo ludn; sau dd gidng vien phdi kit ludn, danh gia va cho diem
Thir hai, ddi v&i caquan qudn ly ddo tgo. Nhu tten da de cap, thcri gian tu hgc (sinh vien phdi cd thai gian nhat dinh de tiep can tdi heu, de tu hpc sau khi nghe gidng tten ldp) la dieu kien tien quyet de thyc hien ddi mdl phuang phdp gidng day khi trien khai ddo tao theo tin chi. Vi vay, co quan quan ly dao tao khdng n6n bd tri lich thdo ludn, thyc hdnh, ldm viec nhdm cua smh vien lien vdi ljch gidng tten ldp ciia gidng vien nhu hien nay; cdn neu vdn bd tri lich thdo luan, thyc hdnh lien vdi ljch gidng nhu hien nay thi tien dp len ldp cua moi mdn hpc phai dugc "gian thua ra" qua nhieu tuan ban de smh vien cd thdi gian ttip can tdi heu, cd thdi gian de ty hgc nhirng ndi dung cdn lai cua chuong ttinh trade khi budc vao thao ludn, tiiyc hanh bay lam viec nhdmO
Sd Ihdng 4-2016 Ly Inan chinh tri & I r u y e n thong 77
