MOT Gdc NHIN MOI TRONG DAO TAO SINH VIEN 6 C A C TRITCWVG S U P H A M
TS. C H U TH! P H U O N G *
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eu eau nang eao chat luong dao tao (DT) sinh vien (SV) trong cac tnfdng dai hpc (OH), eao d i n g (CD), eho den nay, cdthe eoi la van de rat ndng trong giao dye, dac biet la d cac ta/dng dao tgo (OT) nghe, trong docd ta/dng suphgm. Da td lau, ngudi xua sdm nit ra nhdng bai hpe tra gia cho sy non kem tay nghe cua bait cu nganh nghe nao, linh vyc nao. Mpt bac sT non yeu ve chuyen mdn cd the lam ehet benh nhan; nhung mpt ngucri lam nghedgy chd, day ngudi yeu kem ve chuyen mdn, suy thoai ve dao due ed thekhdng lam chet ngudi ngay tdc khgc nhung Igi am tham lam chet nhieu the he. Cach ndinay khdng mdi nhung nd van ed y nghTa that sau xa.I.Xetveban chat, tiem nang trong moiSVIavd tan. SV ngay nay cd nhieu co hpi de ed the phat trien toan dien hon so vdi SV eua nhung thap ki 70-80 ciia the ki tn/dc, bdi hoed nhieu dieu kien thuan lpi de hpc tap va ren luyen, tiep nhan kien thdc toan dien. Tuy nhien, tren thuc te, S V hien da thyc sy phat huy tiem nang vdn cd eua m[nh va biet sd dyng nhung dieu kien thuan loi hay biet khai thac nguon tai nguyen - tri thdc cua nhan loai hay chua? Cd the nhan thay, ed nhieu nguyen nhan lam cho SV hien nay chua thyc syphat huy het tiem nang tiem tang trong moi ngudi.
Phan do ehu quan va sue y trong mdi SV, phan do khaeh quan (ehuong trinh OT chua hap li, SV chua tim duac each hpc phu hqp, eung cdthe do each dgy, each td'chde hudng d i n cua giang vien chua phat huy duac tinh tich cue, ehu dpng cua SV) hoac cd the do each danh gia ket qua hpc tap eua SV cdn nhieu bat cap va dac biet do chinh ban than SV ehua xae dinh duoc dgng lue rdrang trong hgc tap. Vgy, lam the nao de phat huy tiem nang cua moi SV va nang cao chat luong DT trong cac tardng su pham? Dd la bai toan cdn nhieu an so dang dat ra cho cac nha tnrdng OT con ngudi tardc nhung tliach thuc ve chat luong cua ngudn nhan Iyc trong xa hpi hien dgi.
2. Trong qua trinh giang day, nhieu giang vien thudng cd nhung ban khoan, tran trd ve viec nang cap chat luong OT nghe cho SV-nghe day tipc. Tuy mdi giang vien cd each day, each td'chde khac nhau
6 Tap chi Gido due so 334
nhung dich chung cua viec OT nghe lgi gidng nhau.
Cdy kien cho r§ng, SV ehican n§m ch^e kien thiic co ban la cd the ra trudng day hpc duac. Thyc te cho thay, ngay nay, khi cong nghe thong tin phat trien, kien thuc co the di dang tim thiy dnhieu nguon tulieu khac nhau. Do do, trong D T, neu ngudi day chiquan tam xem S V eo thugc bai khong (tde la kiem tra tri nhd) thichua dij ma quan trgng han la SVselam gi vdinhdng kien thde da biet. Thyc tiln da chdng minh, trong mdi con ngudi, nang luc sang tao, khananggiii quyet van de mdt each sang tao va nhdng kining nhu glao tiep. tuduy phe phan, kining hap tic quan trgng han nhieu so vdi kien thdc hgc thuat Vi vSy, trong qua trinh OT, viec SV nam dupc kien thdc co ban mdi ehi di dUOc 1/3 quang dudng eua qua trinh OTnghechoSV cac trudng suphgm. Chung tdi cho rang, trong qua trinh DT nghe ban than mSlSVci'n dat duae nhdng yeu ciu sau: 1) SV can chu dpng trang bj cho minh kien thde nen - kien thdc khoa hoc coban motcach vdng chic; ^^Giang vien hudng din SV each sudung kien thdcvakethqp ren luyen eaeki nang; 5;SV biet van dung kien thuc, kTnang degiang dgy tgi trudng phd'thdng (nhuvgy IgDT gin lien vdisd dyng). Dap ung nhiJng yeucau nay, viec hpc nghe cua SV seedcosdvung chSc hon va nhuthe mdi co the dap dng duoc nhu cau cdng viec dcac ta/dng pho thdng hien nay.
3. Mot gdc nhin m d i gop phan nang cao hieu qua DT SV trong trudfng sir pham
Trong qua trinh giang day, giang vien can tao cho SV lam quen vdi moi tardng day hpc trong tuong lai.
Ngay td khi SV moi nhgp tardng, d tdng mdn hpc, giang vien hudng d i n SV hieu rd die diem mon ligc va tinh ung dung cua mdn hgcnaydecac em codjnh hi/dng eu the trong ren luyen kl nang cung nhu trau doi kien thdc va xac djnh muc dich rd rang trong qua trinh hpc tap. Viec yeu ciu SV nim ehac ndi dung chuang trinh du(3c DTa tdng mdn hgc d tn/dng su pham trong m di quan he vdi ngi dung chuang trinh
* Tn/(fng Cao dang sir pham Ka Npi
(ki2-5/2014)
mdn hge a tntdng phothdng khdng nhung co tic dung giup SV lam quen vdi moi tru^g day hge trong tuang lai ma con la dgng cathue day qui trinh tuhgc, tu nghien edu va chu ddng trong viec tu bdsung trang bikien thdc, kTnang cho nghe nghiep. Mat khac, moi giang vien can tao cho SV dgng tuc trong hgc tap.
Chung tdi cho rSng, dgng lue ddi vdi nguc^hgc la rat quan trgng. Bai neu SV nio biet tao ddng lue cho minh, eo sukien tri, say me tham chi sin sing chap nhin ruiro thi SVdo sehge duae nhieu kien thiic va ki nang mot each hieu qua.
Oe cd the cung day, cung hpe vdi SV, giang vien can chu dpng lap ho sa giang day. Ho so giang day cua giang vien ngoai bai giang cdn cd cie ndidung to chdc hoat ddng eho SVtren Idp. Tap ho so cua giang vien se cd nhung san pha'm nhu: chuang trinh cua mdn hpc, de cuong mdn hoc, he thong cau hdi va bai tap va eac bai nghien edu lien quan den mdn hpc.
Cac san pha'm nay se duoc giang vien cung cap cho SV tardc khi hpe phan bdt dau va cd chi ddn deS V sd dyng dung myc dich. Cung vdi ho so cua giang vien, SV cijng se lap ho so hpc tap cua ca nhan tren eo sd tich luy kien thuc va kTnang eua mdn hpe. Mdi ndi dung trao dd'i tren Idp, S V se ghi ehep va sau dd viet lai dudidang baitap nghien cdu. Nhuvay, ddivdi mdi mdn hpc, giang vien va SV deu ed tap hd sa ea nhan mdn hgc va cung nhau thuc hien dung nhGng npi dung duoc dat ra. Cach lam nhu vay khuyen khich SV nghien cdu va cdddnglucVong nghien edu. SV nhin thay sin pham cua minh trong tutig tuan hgc ehdkhdngphaiehiden khikeithuehgcphan mditao ra san pham bing mgt bai thi
Giang vien chu dpng tiudng ddn SV each hoc.
Viec hpe d O H , CD khae han ve phuong phap so vdi viec hoc cua hpe sinh dtn/dng ph6'thdng,l3di mye dich OT khac nhau. G iang vien chu ddng hudng d i n S V each dpc giao trinh va cae tai lieu tham khao chuan bj baidnha tardc khiden Idp. Vipc SV cd budc ehuan bi bai ta/dc khi den Idp la each de rut ngan thdi gian lam viec tren ldp cila giang vi§n va SV va ddng thdi cung tap dieu kien de giang vien va SV cd thdi gian trao dd'i md rpng van de, di sau dl nghTa nhdng van de ma giao trinh chua de cap den hoae chi gidi thieu sak/pc.Cach lam nay phuhpp vdiviecOTtheo phuang thuc tin chl, khi thcri gian danh cho mdn hpc giam ma luong kien thdc, npi dung kien thdc khdng thay ddl
Cy the, trong qua trinh dpc giao trinh, SV ed the dpc va tdm tat ndi dung chinh cua giao trinh, tu kiem tra vi^c dpe hieu giao trinh va tai ligu tham khao duoc bao nhieu phan tram, xae djnh van de dua ra trao ddl
(ki 2 - 5/2014)
iruoc Idp la nhimg van de gi. Chung tdi cho rang, viec S V tai hien lai npidung bai hpc trong giao trinh mdi chi dat 30% muc tieu dat ra. 70% ketqua doe giao trinh la SV phai hieu va biet van dung kien thdc, kT nang td ehinh viee dpe dd. Mud'n danh gia dupe dieu dd, giang vien dua ra tie thdng cau hdi trpng tam de SV tytra Idi eau hdi va tham gia trao dd'i tren Idp. Giang vien ehu ddng neu eac van de de to chdc cho SV trao dd'i trong n hdm hoac ta/dc Idp. Thay doi each day thay vi giang vien ndi nhieu bang hinh thde tochdc cho SVndi va lam viec se hieu qua han trong day hgc.\/ed\eu nay, ket qua nghien cdu cua eac nha su phgm MT cijng cho thaiy, SV edthenhddupe 10% kien thde nhddpc, 50% kien thuc nhdvda nhin, vda nghe, 70% nhdthao lugn vdi ngudi khac va 95% nhd giang lai bai cho ngudi khac nghe (GS. Burtis - MT). Tuy nhien, khi to chdc cho SV lam viec nhdm, giang vien phai ed phuong phap hudng d i n hoatddng nhdm de hinh thde day hpc nay phat huy duoc hieu qua thuc sy. Chungtdi rat tham thia khi mot nha giao due ngudi MT ndi ring, hoatddng nhdm neu khdng can than thi dd chinh la hinh thdc de ngudi hpc chia se sy ngu dot.
Cung vdi viec hudng d i n S V each hpe, mdi giang vien chu ddng thay dd'i each dgy, lay SV lam tmng tam, sddyng phuang phap day hpc tich cue (Active Leaming). Oe phat huy tieh tich cyc chu dpng cua SV, giang vien cd ke hogch giao viec cho SV de SV chu ddng lam viee ngoai gid len Idp.Thdi gian tren Idp khong cdn la thdi gian giang vien nhic lai nhdng npi dung da cd trong giao trinh ma dd la thcri gian danh eho viee thao lugn nhdng van de khd, tim y tudng mdi Ig hoge giang vien cung clip kien thdc, kTnang md rdng, chuyen sau. Giang vien tim cich day ^e nio deSV nhd duac nhieu thay vi giang vien noi nhieu ma hieu qua it
Thay dd'i each day, each hpc can tien hanh dong bd vd^ viee thay dd'i each kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hpc tap cua SV. Thye te, trong giao dye hien nay, ehung ta v l n dang tim kiem each kiem tra, danh gia ngudihpc tdbgcphd'thdng den bgcOH.Tdgdcnhin cua ngudi DT nghe cho SV su pham, chung toi cho ring, thay vi eac ki thi kiem tra tnnhd, chiing ta nen tang cudng kiem tra kinang. Cin cho SVnhan thdc ring, nha tnfdng gid'ng nhu phdng thi nghiem • nai S V tdi nghiep bang each hoin thanh cac ki ffii vecic kTnang. Vi dong nghia vdi viec nay, trong kehoach vi ndi dung giang day, giang vien ein chu dgng huan luyen SV thuc hien tot nhifng viec hg phai lam va tao ra ngay trong Idp hgc van hca hap tie can thiet cho su
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