Hoi Dia 1^ Vigt Nam

Hoi Dia 1^ Vigt Nam Dgi hpc Thai Nguyen

" " ^ PHAT T R I E N NONG - LAM N G H I E P TINH T H I T A THIEN H t E : THlTC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP

Nguyin Dinh Ky', Nguyin Thim^ Lg Phiic Chi Lang^

Abstract

Development of agriculture - forestry in Thua Thien Hue province: the current situations and solutions

Natural and socio -economic conditions have dominated the strong development of agriculture and forestry in Thua Thien Hue province. Although apiculture and forestry accounted for only 9.9% of the total output value of the province in 2011, but it retains an important position m the economy. It has reached many achievements, but it still exist some problems that need research to solve such as its structure has shifted but agriculture sector still accounts for much higher rale than the forestry sector in the economic structure; In agriculture, cultivation still dominates with the main crop is nee; The livestock sector is small, odd, not much investment; The forestry sector is heavy on forest exploitation; The gualiiy of labor in agriculture and forestry sector is still low; Land resources decline, erratic climate changes and the lack of fresh water ... To solve these problems need to apply system solutions to resource management, improving

the quality of labor, capital investment, technical...

I.DATVANDE

Cac dgc diem ve dieu kign ty nhien v i kinh te xa hpi ciia tinh TTiira Thien Hue da tgo ra cac tfal manh ciing nhu cac thach thiic cfao phat trien ndng - lim nghigp ciia tinh. Sy da dgng vl dia hinfa, dit dai; dgc diem khi hgu nhigt ddi am gid mua, fag thong sdng suoi diy die, qui md dan sd ngiy cang ldn, cic hogt ddng dau tu co sd fag tang (nhit l i d ndng thon) tang mgnh, chinh sich ho trp, djnh hudng phit trien.., da tgo ra nhieu co fadi nfaung ciing dat ra nfaieu van dg can giii quygt Do dd, vigc ngfaien ciiu pfaan tich cae &gu kign phit trien, hign trgng sin xuit ndng - Iam nghiep va cic de xuat giii phap pfayc vu pfait trien ndng - Iam nghigp d Thua Thign Hue la rat cin thilt

2 NOl DUNG .-, . 2.1. Dilu kign phit trien ndng - lam nghiep tinh Thira Thien Hue 2.1,1. Biiu kiin tu nhien

a. Vi tri dia lp

Thira Thien Hue giip tinfa Quang Tn d phia Bac, phia Nam giip thinh pho Di Nang v i tinfa Quing Nam, phia Tay giip nude CHDCND Lao, phia Ddng g i ^ Biln Ddng. Lanh tho keo dii tii 16 44'30"Bac din 15*'59'30'Bac. Nhu vgy Thiia Thign Hue cd vi tri trang dp tren trac giao luu Bac - Nam v i hinfa lang kinh ti Ddng - Tay, tgo thugn lpi trong md rpng quan he fapp tic, giao luu, phat trien kinh tl trong v i ngoii nude.

b. Dia hinh

Dia hmfa keo dai theo phuang Tay Bic - Ddng Nam, tfa^ din tii Tay sang Ddng va phan hoa thinh cie vimg: niii (mii t h ^ va mii trung binh), gd dfii (gd dfii t h ^ , dfii trang binh, dfii eao), dong bing, vimg dam phi v i cfin cit ven biln. Dia hinh cd dp dfic ldn (cd 54% dien tich dat cd dp doc trgn 25°) [7], viing dfing bing duyen hai chi chiem dign tich nfad hep. Dae diem dja hinh ke tren viia t ^ ra khi nang da dgng fada cay trong, vgt nudi nhung ciing dat ra van de cap thiet l i can xay dyng cac md hinfa sin xuit ndng - Iam nghigp phii hpp vdi moi dgng dja hinh de dat faieu qua cao

~nhat vl kinhll; xS hfii,- moi tradng.

c. Khi hdu [2f

TTiira TTiien Hui cd khi hgu nhigt ddi am gid miia, mang tinh chit chuyen tilp giua khi hau mien Bic vi miln Nam.

ViinDfalp, Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viit Nam Trudng Dgi hgc Suphipn, Dgi hgc Hui

Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn gudc ldn thd 7

Hpi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hoc Thai Nguygn - Chi dp nhiit: Thira Thien Hui co mpt nin nhigt dp cao, tieu bilu cho che dp nhiet d viing nhiet ddi Toan tinh cd tong nhigt dp trang binh nam dao dpng tir 8 OOO^C - 9 OOO^C, nhiet dp trung binh nam tren 21°C, nhiet dp trang binh thing lanh nhit kfadng dudi 17°C, tiling ndng nhit vugt qua SO^C, bign dp nhiet nam be

- Chi do mua, dm: Thiia Thien Hue l i viing cd lupng mua Idn, trang binh tii 2.100 - 2 900 mm, cao nhit dgt 3.800-4 900 mm, luang mua thip nhit cung dgt 1 5 0 0 - 1.800 mm, sfi ngiy mua tir 120 - 190 ngay/nim Mua phan hda theo mua, miia mua tii thing 9 din thing 1 nam sau, chilm han 75% Iupng mua cua c i nam, Luang mua ngay ldn nhat tir 400 - 650 mm, cyc dgi den 1,000 mm. Dp am trung binh nam d Thiia Thien Hui tuong dfii cao, dao ddng tir 83 - 87% va phan bigt thinh hai miia rd ret, thdi gian dd am khdng Idii thip keo dii tir thing IV din thing VIII (tning voi thdi ky cd gid Tay Nam khd ndng hogt ddng), cdn tii thing X den thing III dp im tang cao.

- Chi dp gid- Nim trong khu vyc gid miia Ddng Nam A, Thira Tfaien Hui cfaiu sy chi phoi cua 2 lufing gid miia chinh trong nam. Vg miia ddng (tir thing 10 din thing 4 nam sau), hudng gio thjnh hanfa li Tiy Bic, Ddng Bic Tir thing V din thing IX l i thdi ky boat dpng eiia gid mua Tiy Nam, Ddng hogc Ddng Nam, trong miia nay do higu iing dia famh ngn cd gid Tay Nam khd nong hoat ddng lim tang nhigt dd din 37°C cd khi din 41°C, dp am giim xuong cdn rit t h ^ cfal cdn 30 - 45%,

- Mpt sd hiin lugng thdi tiet ddc biet khde

Thua Thien Hui l i vimg thudng xuyen chju inh hudng ciia cie hien tupng cue doan giy b^

Ipi cho ddi sfing va san xuat cua eon ngudi nhu bao, ip thap nfaigt dai, gio Tay Nam kfad nong, I ddng, ific, mua di .

Tinh chit nhiet ddi im ciia khi hgu tao thuan Ipi dl tinh Thira Thien Hue phit trien nin nong i nghiep nhigt ddi vdi su da dang cic giong loii cay trong, vgt nudi. Tinh miia cua khi hgu quy djnh tinh mua trong san xuat, ddi hdi phii cd su bo tri co ciu miia vy thich hpp, tinh that thudng ciia khi hau dat ra eic yeu cau ve gifing, thuy Ipi... dl ban che toi da cic thigt hai do lu lyt, hgn fain, xam nh j ^ man, suong mu.. gay ra.

d. Thity vdn

Hg thong sdng ngdi Thira TTiien Hui phin bo khi dfing deu tren lanh tho. Mat dp sdng suoi khi day, trang binh 0,57 - 0,85 km/km, d vung mii dat I - 1,5 km/km Cac sdng bit nguon tii viing mii pfaia Tiy rfii do vao dim phi trade khi do ra bien Ddng. Cie sdng tiiudng ngin, cd dien tich luu vyc nhd, cd dgng hinfa nfainh cay, tfic dp ddng chay Idn. Cfal dp ddng chiy cua cic sdng khi don giin, miia lu va miia cgn tuong iing vdi mua mua va mua khd trong nam. Lupng ddng chiy miia lii chilm 60 - 80% ddng chiy nam. Cac sdng sufii ciing vdi hg dam phi (Tam Giang - Cau Hai, An Cu), cic tram ban (78 trim, 4 bau Idn nhd), hg thfing ao hfi, hfi chiia nude nhin tgo, nude ngam...

da tgo nen ngufin nude dfii dio, hg smh thii dgc ti:ung cd tic dyng tang k h i nang chii dfing ve nguon nude tudi pfayc vy cho sin xuat nhim giii quyet tinh trang thilu nude ve mua khd.

e. Thd nhudng

Tfing dign tich dat hi nhien ciia tinh Thira Thign Hue l i 468.438 ha chilm 92.7% difin tieh ty nhign toan tinh vdi 10 nhdm dat chia tiiinh 21 Ioai dit trong dd nhdm dat dd vang (5 logi dit) co dign ticfa Idn nhat 351.365 faa, chiem 69,52% tong difin tich ty nhien, nhdm dat cat (2 logi ^ ) cb dign ticfa 47.162 ha (9,33%), nhdm dat phu sa (6 logi dit) vdi dien tieh 36.980 ha (7,31%), nhom dat man (2 Iogi dat), nhdm dit phen (I Iogi dit),nhdm dat liy va tiian biin (I Iogi dit), nhdm dSt xim (1 logi dit), nfadm dit mim dd vang (1 loai dit), nfadm dit thung lOng dfic tu (1 Iogi dat), dit xdi mdn tto sdi di (1 Iogi dit) [8].

Chung Iogi dit phong phii, sy khac bigt vl tinh chit, quy md, sy phan bo cua cac Iogi dit b cic viing sinh thii khac nfaau da tao ngn cac vung sin xuat die tnmg rieng trong timg vung. Vi dy:

Nfadm dit cat d cic huygn ven bien (Phong Dien, Quing Diln, Huong Tri, Phii Vang, Phii Lpc) tiuch hpp vdi cay cdng nghigp ngin ngiy, cay an qui, rau mau, cay gia vi; Dit phu sa phan bfi h ^ AjJ^^a Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp loan gudc ldn thdf

H6i Dia Iy ViSt Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguyen het cic huygn trong tinh tdt cfao cay Iiia, eay faoa miu, luang thyc khac (san, ngd, kfaoai lang. .);

Dit do vang tien di phien set phan bo d A Ludi, Phong Dien, Nam Ddng, Huang Tri, Hui, Phii Lpc cd tfal trong dupc cac cay cdng ngfaigp dai ngiy (cao su, ca pfae, che), cac cay an qua (diia, cam, quyt,...).

Dae diem thd nhudng tinfa Thua Thien Hug da tao thugn Ipi v i ciing khdng it khd khan. Bgn canh CO hfii phit trien nfaieu loai cay trdng cd gii trj, binh thinh cic trang trai ndng nghiep, cic md hinh ndng lim ket hpp, da dgng hda cic sin pham ndng nghiep, tgo ra gia tn san xuit ldn cdn phai doi mgt vdi thacfa thirc ve tang cudng chat luang dit.

g. Sinh vdt

Sinfa vgt d tinh Thira Thien Hui rit da dgng vg thinh phan loii, chung loai vi he smh thai Thuc vgt thuoc khu hg tfaue vgt nhiet ddi vung dem cd su giao luu tir ky Dg tam eua cic he thyc vgt pfaia Bic vi hg thyc vat pfaia Nam. He tiiyc vat rimg (thupc kieu rimg thudng xanh mua mua nhigt ddi) chilm dign tich rpng Idn. Thira Tfaien Hue cd dii 4 viing sinh thii phan bfi sinh vat: vimg nui, go dfii, dfing bing duyen hai va vung dim phi ven bd, trong dd noi bat lgn l i he sinh thii vudn Qufic gia Bgcfa Mi v i dim phi Tam Giang - Ciu Hai

Cd the ndi, sy da dang vl tfaim thyc vat va fag dfing vgt l i tiln dl hinh thinh v i phit triln cac gifing ciy tifing, vgt nudi, cay trong bin dja va tgo khi nang chuyen doi eo ciu cay trfing phii hpp vdi dieu kign ty nhien vi sinh thii ciia khu vyc nghien eiiu.

2.L2. Diiu kiin kinh ti-xdhpi a. Ddn cu vd nguon lao dpng

Nam 20II, tinh Thira Thien Hui cd 1.103.136 ngudi, chiem 1,25% dan so c i nude. Ti Ie gia tang ty nhign tfaap, chi cdn 1,13% nhung vin cao hon tile tnmg binh cua cinudc (1,077%). Sy phin bfi din cu dang cd xu hudng can bing giiia tiianfa thi va ndng tiidn, nhung da sfi dan cu van song d khu vyc nong thdn (chiem 51,56% tfing so dan toin tmh).

Bdng 1. Ddn sd vd ti li gia ldng ddn sd tu nhien linh Thua Thien Hue [IJ

Nim 2009 2010 2011

So dSn (ngiTori) Thdnh thi

393.018 470.907 534.320

Nong thon 695.804 619.972 568.816

Tong 1.088.822 1.090.879 1.103.136

Ti le gia tSng dSn so tu ntiien (%)

1,18 1,16 1,13 Ngufin Iao dpng ngiy cang tang Ien. Nam 2011, sfi Iao ddng lim vige trong cae nganh kinh te la 571.239 ngudi, so Iao ddng trong nginh ndng nghiep v i Iam nghigp cfal chilm 28,1%. Tuy cUem ti Ig nfad nfaung day van la dieu kien quan trpng de tang cudng siic sin xuat trong nganh n6ng - Iam nghifip ciia thih Thua Thign Hui.

b. Casdhg tdng nong thon

Vigc xay dyng, dau tu phit trien ndng - Iam nghiep, co sd ha tang d ndng thdn eua tinh dupc die bi§t chii trpng. Nam 2011, vfin dau tu vao nganh ndng - Iam nghigp dat 1.115.970 [1] trigu ddng. Ngoai ra, cdn cd nhieu nguon lyc khic tham gia hd tra xay dyng ndng thdn nhu cac du in sii

l^yyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hgc Dia lp todn gudc ldn thd 7

Hoi Dia ly Vigt Nam Dgi hpc Thai Nguygn dyng vdn ODA, cic doanh ngfaiep, Nha nude va nhan din ciing lam, nhan dan lam - Nhi nude ho tra. .

He thong thiiy lpi da co bin dip iing duoc yeu cau san xuit va sinfa hogt ciia ngudi dan Toan tinh cd SOD cdng trinh thiiy loi viia va nhd bao gom 259 tram bom dign, 239 hfi dap de chu dpng cip nude tudi cho 17 032 ha v i tieu iing cho 8.000 ha Iiia; cd 02 da^i ngan man, tren 100 cong liy nude v i tren 2.000 km kenh muong, de bao, de vimg de ngan man, chong iing, tgo nguon nude tudi... Da dim bao tudi tieu chu ddng cho tren 90% dign tich canh tic [3]. Cic cdng trinh hd Ta Trach, thuy dign Hucmg Dign, cong trinh thuy lpi Tay Nam Huong Tri, hfi chua nude Thuy Ygn - Tfauy Cam, dg Tay sdng 6 Lau, thuy lpi vung cao. . da mang lgi hieu qua thilt thuc cho sin xuat ndng Iam nghiep cua tinh.

Hg thdng giao thdng ndng thdn, mang ludi dign da dupc cii thign ding ke. Tir nam 2009 - 2012, da xay dyng mdi gan 144 km, sua chua, nang cap hon 445 km dudng giao thdng ndng thdn;

gin 74% tuyin dudng trac xi, Ugn xa dupc trii nhya hogc bg tdng hda, 100% xa cd dudng d td din trang tam, 99,51% sfi thdn cd dudng d td din, 100 % cae xa tien dja ban toin tinh da cd dien ...sy dau tu niy da tic dpng mgnh me den phit trien kinh te, van fada, xa hpi cua dia phuang

Cac chuang trinh, chii traang, chinh sach khic nhu Xiy dung ndng thdn mdi, "Don diln dfii thira", ling dyng khaa hpc cdng nghg trang sin xuat...da tgo ra nhung thay doi tich cyc d ndng thdn tinh Thira Thien Hui va thuc day sin xuit ndng Iam nghiep phit triln. Cy thi: Ty lg lim dat bing miy doi vdi sin xuat lua dat 91%, khau thu hogeh Iiia bing miy dat tren 70%... da tang nang lyc canh tranh cua san pham ndng nghigp, thiic day chuyin djch eo ciu cay trfing vat nudi.

2.2. Hi^n tr^ng phat trien nong - lam nghigp ef tinh Thira Thien H u i 2.2.1. Ket qud sdn xudt ndng - ldm nghiep

a. Gid tri sdn xudt

Nam 2011, tong gii tri sin xuit theo gia thyc te cua nginh ndng - Iam nghigp dat 5.085.129 trigu dfing, chilm 9,9 % gia trj san xuat cua toin tinh, tang 1,26 lin so vdi nam 2010. Trong dd, gii tri sin xuit lam ngfaiep dgt 337.455 trigu dong, tang 1,08 lin so vdi nam 2010; gia tri sin xuat ndng nghigp dgt 4.747.674 trigu dong, chilm 93,4 % tong gia tri sin xuat cua nganh ndng - Iam nghigp toin tmh va lien tuc tang qua cic nam [I].

b. Chuyin dich caedu ngdnh, cdy trdng vdt nudi

• Nong nghiep

- Trong tn?t van chilm vj tiie chu dgo, ddng gdp 3.185.982 trigu dfing (chilm 67,1 % gia trj sin xuit ndng nghigp), nganfa chan nuoi chi dat 1.1342.196 tiieu dong (chiem 28,3 %), cac boat ddng djch vu san xuat ndng nghiep... ciing cd sy phat tiiin nhung vin cdn chim, chi dgt 219.496 trieu dong (cfaiem 4,6 %)

- Trong trdng trgt lua vdn Id cdy chu luc

Bing 2 cfao tiiiy Iiia chilm dien tich Idn nhit va dupc gjeo trdng trong 3 vy ddng xuan, he thu vi mua (trong dd, dign tich Iiia vu miia it chi chiem 58 i ha, phan bfi d huygn A Luoi). Dign tich cay sin tang mgnh vi nhilu vung chuyin doi dien tich sang trfing sin do cd higu qui kinh te cao hon.

Kpyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hgc Dia lp todn gudc ldn thd 7'

Hoi Bia ly ViSt N a m

RAna 2 DiSn tich mdt s6 io^i/nhdm cay Loai/Nhom e&y

Lua San Cay cong nghiep hang nam

CSy cfing nghiep ISu nam

Dai hoc Thai Nguyen trdng 0 tinh Thira Thiin Hu6 gioi doan 2007 - 2011 (ha) [11

2007 50.419 7 339 7 722 8.979,8

2008 50.846

7.248 7.007 9.690,5

2009 53 038

6.932 6.776 9.604,3

2010 53.705 7 080 6.555 9.980,6

2011 53 445

7.811 6.284 10.163,1 Dien tich trdng nhdm cay cdng nghigp lau nam dupe md rdng, nam 2011 tang 182,5 ha so vdi 2010, trong dd dign tich eay cao su tang lien tyc tii 7.884,6 ha nam 2007 lgn 9 038,7 ha nam 2011, phan bfi chu yiu d cac huyen nhu Nam Ddng (3.538 faa), Huang Tra (2.421 ha), Phong Diln (1.508 ha), A Ludi (1.050 ha), Phii Lpc (522 ha). Dign tieh cay cdng nghigp hang nam cd xu hudng giim (giim 271 ha so vdi nam 2010) do cd su chuygn doi cac Iogi Ige, vimg, diu.. sang trong cic Iogi cay khac cd gii trj kinh tl ban

- Ndng sudt, sdn lugng c6 su thay ddi theo xu hudng tich cue

Nang suit cua cac Iogi cay trong trgn dja bin tinh Thiia Thign Hue khdng on dinh qua cic nam, cfai ed ngd, sin, che, cao su la cd nang suat lien tyc tang nhung mirc tang vin cdn cham, cac cay cdn Iai biln dpng giam nhung khdng ding kl.

Trong nam 2011, nang suit cua liia, sin cao hem miic tnmg binh ciia c i nude do duoc diu tu mgnfa. Trong do, nang suit Iiia dgt 56 ta/ha, nhilu noi cao tren mirc trung binh chung cua ca tinh nhu Quing Dien, Huong Thuy, Hucmg Tri, ning suit sin trang binfa dgt 191,Ita/ha,noi cao nhitia Phong Dien, tiep den Ii Phu Loe, Huong Tra, Nam Ddng.

Bing 3 cho thiy sin lupng cic Ioai cay trfing biln ddng theo thdi gian. Vao nam 2011, cic logi cay lua, san, ca phg nhan, cao su, mpt so Ioai cay khic nhu mia, hfi tieu, sin cd sin Iupng tang so vdi nam 2010. Dieu dd phin inh su phu thupc chit che cua san xuat ndng nghigp vio dilu kien ty nhien Ian dilu kign kinh t e - x a fapi. Vi du: dien tich lua tuy giim nhung sin Iupng lai tang do su dyng cac gifing Iiia cd ning suit cao; sin Iupng sin tang mgnfa do gii sin tang eao, khiu tigy thy on dinh nen md rpng dign tich trong sin vi, tang cudng cham sdc. Dgc bigt, cay cao su cd sin Iupng mil thu hogch tang mgnfa nhit do day Ii cay trfing liu nam cd higu qui kinh te cao va da dupc xic djnh li cay trfing ehu lyc xda ngheo.

Bang 3. Sdn lugng mdt sd cdy trdng giai dogn 2007 - 2011 (tdn) [IJ LoaicSy

Liia

Sk

Ciphe nhan Caosu Cay an quS chu yen

2007 259.684 114.359 441,95 1.034 27.597,3

2008 274.813 113.281 325,15

1.080 27.107,6

20«9 282.582 129.360 269,92 2.691,5 31.130,8

2010 285.185 135.100 332 3.869,3 30.713,4

2011 299.133 149.300 337,6 6.275,8 30.452

• Chdn nuoi

- Dign ticfa dat phyc vy cho myc dich chan nuoi con khiem ton Thiia Tfaign Hue cd dien tich dong ed pfayc vy chan nudi la 125,83 ha (nam 2011) [1] so vdi cfai tieu qui hogch vl dign tich dit

tiong-cdTchrdgn/nr

- Qui md chdn nudi con nhd, li, kem dn dinh

Hinh thiic chin nudi nhd Ig chilm 80 - 90%, chan nudi quy md trang trai cfaiem dudi 4%,...

tgp quin lgc hgu, cdng tic quy hogcfa faiu nhu ehua ed. Hinh 1 cho thiy, qui md din gia siic va gia cam khdng ldn. Sfi lupng gia siic cd xu hudng giim edn gia cam cd xu hudng tang, die bifit la dan gi. Cythe: nam 2011, giacam tang 66.860 con so vdi nam 2010, trong dd gating 30.300 con. Cdn l^i lgi la vjt, ngan ngSng. Dan trau giim 1.764 con, din bd giam 1,271 con, dan lpn giim 14.037 Kpyiu Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dfa lp todn gudc ldn thd 7

H§i Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hoc Thii Nguygn con. Day li hgu qui cua cac vin de nhu dich bgnfa, dilu kign tiidi ult khac nghiet, ky thuat chan nudi ban che...

1..UU

800

ouu lou

™ ^ ^ ^ ^

•

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2007 2008 2009

— X' -Triiu — • — B 6 — • — L ( m

2010 2011 - Gk — * — vjt, ngan ngSng

Hinh 1. Sd lugng gia siic, gia cdmgiai dogn 2007- 2011 b. Ldm nghiep

- Khai thac go va lam sin la hogt dpng chu yiu, ddng gdp ldn nhat vao gii tri san xuat cua nginh lam ngfaiep. Ty trong gii tn sin xuat cua hoat ddng khai thac go v i lam sin trong co cau gia trj sin xuit cua nginh lam ngfaigp cfailm 72,40% (nim 1996), 65,81% (nim 2006), 72,3%, (nam 2011) [I].

- Hogt ddng trong vinudi rimg chiem t)-trpng khdng Idn (14,1%) trong giitrj sin xuat cua nginh Iam nghigp. Dicfa vy va cac hogt dpng Iam nghigp kfaic chiem 13,6%. Dien tich rimg trfing mdi li 4.068 ha chii yiu la d cic huyen Phong Diln, Thj xa Hucmg Tra fauygn Phu Lpc, Thj xa Huong Thdy, huygn A Ludi, Trong nam 2011 da khai tiiac 171.298 m^ 165.623 ster v i 569 tin nhya tiidng gdp phan tao tfagm vigc lim v i thu nhgp cfao ngudi dan, dua kinh te rung thanh mpt nginh kinh tl quan trpng.

2.2.2. Mpt sd thach thac trong phdt triin ndng - l&m nghipp Hnh Thaa Thien Hui a. Dieu kiin tu nhien ngdy cdng it thudn lgi

- Suy gidm tdi nguyin ddt

Phan Idn dat dai d Thiia Thign Hue khdng phii la dit tfit. Da so dit deu cd phin iing chua den ehua vira, tang dat mdng va ngheo dinh dudng, ham Iupng Ian tong so, kali tfing sfi, Ian vi kali de tieu deu ngfaeo. Dit cd tang day dudi 30 cm la 262.909 ha chilm gin 52% dign tich dit ty nhien ciia tinh, cd din 4.955 ha dit xdi mdn tra sdi da...

Phuang thiic canh lac ciia ngudi dan cdn nhieu bit c£q), dae bigt la d khu vuc dfii nui ngn dit dai ngay cang bj thoai hda do dd chi phi dau tu cho sin xuit ndng ngfaigp tang Ien nhung Iai nhu|in giam sut

Dign tieh dat ndng lim nghigp bi thu hep, d nhiem do dd thj hda, san xuat eong nghigp, hoat dpng dan sinh; Dign tich dit ndng nghigp nam 2010 so vdi 2009 giim 2.433,74 ha; dat lam nghi?p glim 2624,91 ha. Nim 2011, difin tich dit ndng nghiep tilp tyc giim 1.199,01 ha so vdi nam 2010 - Bien doi khi hay lim gia tang cac hign tugng tiidi tilt cyc doan gay tac hgi din nong lam ngfaigp. Vi dy; Nam 2007, Iy lyt dien ra lien tiic trong cic tiling X, XI; nam 2008 cd dpt ret dgm keo dm 38 ngiy [6]; nam 2011, ret dam keo dai kit hpp mua Idn... hogc gay nggp iing, hogc gay chit cSy gTOg^vgt nudi tien dign rdng . Hgn han ciing tiiudng xuyen xiy ra d Thia Thien Hue, tap trung vao

• " * " Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dfa ip todn g S c ldn thd f

Hoi Dia Iy Viet Nam Dai hoc Thai Nguygn hai thdi ky trong diem vy ddng xuan (thing III,IV) va he thu (thing VII, VIII). Dien tich tmng binh bi lian li 6,746 ha/nam, chilm khoang 13% dien ticfa gieo cay hang nam [9]. Thdi tiet that thudng ciing lam tang tinh hinh sau benh lam nhieu dien tich Ilia bjhu hgi, tieu tdn nhieu chi phi.,

- Mang ludi thuy van kha day dae, cfal dp nude theo miia da gay ra tinh trang thilu nude, nhilm man vio miia khd dan den tinh trang hoang hda, that thu Phd bien d cic xa viing cao huyen A Ludi, Nam Ddng v i eac vung gd ddi, vung bin son dia, vimg ven phi, ven bien...

- Tinh trgng chiy rimg, chat pha rimg vi vi pham Luat Bao ve va phit trien riing van xiy ra gay khd khan cho nganfa lam nghiep. Nam 2011, toin tinh xiy ra 15 vu chiy rimg vdi dien tich rimg hi chay li 71,1 ha, 47,8 ha rimg bj chit phi [I].

b Diiu kiin kinh te xd hpi con nhiiu han ehi - Tfi chiic hogt dpng sin xuat chua mang tinh chat hang hda

Trang trai la mpt hinh thirc to chiic sin xuit kinh doanh trong none nghigp, nhim khai thic, su dyng cd hieu qui dat dai, von, ky thuat, kinh ngfaiem quan ly gdp phan phat trien kinh te ndng ngfaigp bin viing, tao vigc lim, tang thu nhgp, phan bo lgi lao ddng, dan eu, xay dung ndng thdn mdi. Tuy nhign, so Iupng tnmg trai d Thira Thien Hue cdn qua it va cfaii yeu fainh thanh theo hudng tu pfait nen hieu qui kinh te tir cic trang trgi chua cao, chua ddng gdp nhilu vio gii tri sin xuit nong - Iam nghigp toin tinh Theo Thdng tu sfi 27/2011/TT-BNNPTNT, quy djnh ve cac tieu ehi can dat dupc cua mdt trang trgi thi Thua Thien Hue chi cd 40 trang trgi, trong do trang trai chan nudi l i 21, trang trgi Iam ngfaiep la 4 cdn lai l i trang trgi nudi trong tfauy sin v i tong hpp [4].

Qui dit danh cfao chin nudi cd xu hudng thu hep, dich benh gia tang, ti Ie cic gifing cay trong va vgt nudi cd chat lupng cao dupe dua vio sir dyng cdn thip.

- Chit Iupng nguon lao dpng trong nginh ndng nghiep van cdn thap, ggp nhilu han che trong qua trinh tiep thu, ap dyng va trign khai cie tiln bd khoa fapc ky tfauat vio sin xuit. Trinfa dp nhan thirc cua ngudi dan ve sin xuat sach cdn thap gay khd khan cfao vin de tieu thy san phim, inh hudng xau din hg sinh thii ndng nghiep, sire khde ciia ngudi tigu dung, dong tiidi cdn gay suy thoii dat, giam dign tich dat ndng nghigp

2.2.3. Mpt sd gidi phdp phifc vu phdt triin ndng - lam nghiep tinh Thaa Thiin Hue Mdt nen ndng nghigp bin vung phai dap ling diy du cic tieu ehi; Tot vl mdi tmdng; Cd hieu qui kinh te; Phii hpp vdi nhu cau xa bdi, Nhay cim ve van hda; Ap dyng cdng nghe tfaicfa hpp; Cd CO sd khoa hoc cdng nghg hoan thien v i dem lgi sy phit trien chung cho cfing ddng. Do dd, de dua nginh ndng - lam ngfaigp phit trien ben virng, Thira Thien Hue cin phii thuc hign cic giai phap sau'

Quy hogch qup ddt cho phdt tnin nong ldm nghiep

De dam bio an ninh luong thuc, sin xuit trong va ngoai nude can quy hoacfa mpt dign tich ( ^ ndng nghiep fapp ly, faan che chuyen dfii dign tich dit trdng liia sang myc dich khic, md rpng dign tich trong cay cdng ngfaigp nhu cao su, san.

Day manh qua trinh cfauyin dfii, ticfa ty rupng dit d nhiing vung rapng dit manh miin, phan tin, tilp tye thyc hign don diln dfii thiia de tao dieu kign thich hop cho canh tie theo nhung phuang tinic ldn, hign dai.

Ung^ng tiin bp l^ thudt di tdng chdt luang cdng trinh, hiiu qud sudung tdi nguyen thiin nhiin vd hgn che tai Tiien ihiin nhien, dieh binh.

~ Xay dung, siia chua, gia co va md rpng cac cdng trinh thuy Ipi nham tang dien tich duoc tudi tieu chu dpng, giii quyet tinh trgng thieu nude va ngap iing theo mua.

- Xay dyng va thye hign nhiing chuong trinh nang cao ning suit dat dai, sii dung fapp Iy nguon nude d cic dia phuang, ap dung nhirng hg thfing sin xuat kit hpp ndng - Iam - ngu nghigp, phii hpp vdi dilu kign sinh thai cua timg vung nhim su dyng tong hop va cd higu qua eac logi tai nguygn dat, nude va khi hgu.

^Pyiu Hdi nghf Khoa hgc Dfa ly todn gudc ldn thd 7

Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam £>^i hoc Thai Nguyen - Thyc hien tdt cdng tic tiem phdng vaccine cac Ioai djch benh nguy hilm tren gia siic, gia cam, tang cudng cdng tic kiem tra, kiem soat dieu kien chan nudi, ve sinh thii y; phit tnen djch vy chan nudi thu y, tang cudng he thdng mgng ludi thii y tir tinh din co sd, trang thiet bj lam viec, xay dyng CO sd giet md tap trang dg cd the quin Iy v i kiem soat cong tic gilt mo, kigm dich dpng vgt de cdng tic phdng chdng djch bgnh cd higu qua.

- Phit tnen cdng nghiep cfal bicn cac sin phim chan nudi, luang thuc, rau, hoa qui, go rimg trdng de tang chung Iogi, quy md va higu qui sin xuit luang thyc, thyc pham, rimg kinh te Hoan thien cic fag thfing kho luu giu, bao quan, he thfing ehl biln vi phan phoi luong thuc, thuc pham d cap tinh, huygn.

- Da> mgnh tham canh, cii tao dit, din hanh cic de tai nghien ciiu khoa hpc vl quy hoach ndng - lim ngfaigp, iing dung cdng nghg smh hpc trong phit triln nhiing gifing cay trfing v i vat nuoi cd nang suat, chat lupng vi siic chfing cfaiu sau benh cao, khdng thoai hoi, khdng lim ton hgi tdi da dgng smh hpc. Ung dung cic tien bfi khoa hpc ky thuat vio sin x u ^ cic quy trinh sin xuat thuc pham an toin nham nang cao chit lupng, higu qui vi gii tri sin pham ciy cdng n^igp, rau qui.

Ndng cao chat lugng ngudi lao ddng

- Xay dyng, bo tri lich thdi vu, ca ciu cay trong vat nudi mot each Unfa hogt dl thich hpp vdi tinh that thudng ciia khi hau Cic chuang trinh khuyin ndng, khuyen lam can dupc triln khai nhanh chdng ve cic dia phuang dge biet li viing sau, vimg xa de hudng dan ndng dan gieo cay diing thdi vy dl thu hogch kjp thdi, hgn ehl thiet hai

Tuygn truyen, tap huin, faudng dan ngudi dan ap dung md hinh "3 giam, 3 tang" (giam luong gifing, giam Iupng thufic trir sau benh, giim Iupng phan dgm bdn du tiiiia, tang nang suit, tang chit luong, tang faigu qua kinfa tl), md hinh "I phii, 5 giim" (phai dimg giong tfit, gifing xic nhgn, giim lupng nude tudi, giim thit thoit sau thu hogch, giim Iupng gifing, giim Iupng thufic trii sau benh, giim Iupng phan dam bdn du thira) giim lupng ) dl tang higu qui sin xuat ndng nghigp, bao vg mdi tradng vi dam bio an toin trong tieu thy nong sin.

Hd trg vdn, ndng cao ky ndng qudn li tuyen truyin gido due

. ' ^t^ "^^^ '^^"^ ^ ^ " ^ '^ ^ ^ ^^ " ^ ^ ^^ ^ " ^ 'y ' ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^'^^ * ^ 8 cudng dpi ngu can bp kiem lam, tuygn trayin nang eao nhgn thiic bio ve rimg cho ngudi dan dgc bigt l i d khu vuc viing san, vung xa ban cfal tinh hinfa khai thac lam sin tiii phep.

- Tang cudng v i sii dyng fapp ly ngufin von diu tu eho phit trien ndng - Iam nghiep tii ngan sieh Trang uong, Tmh, tii cie chucmg trinh, dy in hpp tie vdi nude ngoai, nguon vfin ODA, fayy ddng nguon vfin tii cic doanfa nghiep, ho trp tir phia ngudi dan dl cii tfaign ca sd hg ting, vat chit ky tiiuat pfayc vy sin xuat, fagn cfal tic ddng cua tiiign tai, dich benh va bao ve rimg.

KETLUAN

^ Trong tien trinh hign dgi fada, cdng nghiep hda TTiiia Thien Hui cin tiiyc hign chuyin doi co cau kinh te. Ndng lim nghigp tuy chi^chilm ti trpng nhd tiong co cau kinh t l nhung phai bio dam tinh hpp Ii de tgo ra hieu qua sin xuat Idn nhit bing cich thuc hien danh gii dat dai, cac logi tii nguyen phyc vy cho sin xuat ndng lim nghigp vdi cic djnh faudng sau;

1. Ting ti trpng cfaan nudi trong ndng ngfaigp bing cac chuang trinh dau tti trong diem.

2. Thyc hign chuyen dfii co can cay trfing nhim md rpng dien tich cay cdng nghiep dge bigt Ii cic cay cd gii tri kmh te cao.

3. Tang cudng hogt dpng nudi, tiong rimg v i djch vu rimg giam ti trpng khai tiiic go v i Iam sin.

Kpyiu Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn gudc ldn thd ?'

Hoi Dja ly Vigt Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguyen

TAI LIEU THAM K H A O

[I]. Cyc Thfing ke Thira Thien Hui (2012), Niin gidm thdng ke 201L Hue.

[2]. Sd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghg Thira Thign Hui (2004), Ddc diim khi hdu - Thity vdn tinh ThOa Thiin Hui, Nxb Thuin Hda, Hue.

[3] Sd Ndng nghigp vi Phit trien ndng thdn tinh TTiiia Thien Hui (2011), Bao cdo Tdng kit cdng tdc ndm 2011 vd ki hogch ndm 2012, Hui

[4]. Sd Ndng nghigp va Phat triln ndng thdn tmh Thiia Thien Hui (2013), Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp phdt tnin kinh ti trang trgi d Thaa Thiin Hui, Ngiy tray e%) 20.7.2013, http;//snnptnt.tiiuathienhue.gov.vn/?gd-l&cn=I33&newsid-20130I02111628,

[5], Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi tmdng Thira Thien Hui (2011), Bdo cdo kiim ki ddt dai ndm 2010, Hui

[6]. Le Van Thing (Chii bien) (20i I), Md hinh thieh img vdi biin dSi khi hdu cdp cpng ddng tai vung triing thdp a linh Thira Thien Hui, Nxb Ndng nghigp. H i Ndi

[7] UBND Tinfa Thira Thien Hue (2005), Dia chi Thda Thiin Hui (Phdn Tu nhien, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hfii. Ha Ndi.

[8]. Vign Quy hoach v i Thiet ke ndng ngfaigp (2004), Diiu tra bd sung, chinh ly bdn dd ddt tinh ThOa Thin Hui, H i Npi,

[9]. Nguyen Vigt (2012), Dinfa gia tfing hpp vl hgn han d tinh Thira Thien Hui, Tgp chi Nghiin cau vd Phdt tnin, Sfi 07 (96), Tr 93 - 97, Hue.

Kpyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hgc Dfa lp todn qudc ldn thd 7