- HOATOONG NGAN HANG VIET NAM 2014, OINH Hl/dNG NAM 2015 ^ ^
V A I TRO C U A C H I E N LJCfC P H A T T R I E N o6\ VCfl SL/
T H A N H C O N G C U A T O C H L f C V i d e xay d p n g va t r i e n khai Chid'n Ippc p h a t t r i e n dai han la m o t t r o n g sd' cac n h a n t d q u a n t r p n g g i u p t d chijfc d i d u n g h u d n g va dat dupc m p c t i e u d l ra. So vdi mpt kd' h o ^ c h c d n g tac t h d n g t h u d n g , Chid'n Ippc t h e h i e n t i m n h i n rdng h d n , c d h i e u lpc t r o n g k h o a n g t h d i g i a n dai hon v a k h d n g bj gidi han bdi cac giai p h a p c h i t i l t . D i n g t h d i , m $ c dCi dPpc p h d d u y d t c h f n h thiJc, Chid'n iPdc k h d n g b i ap d u n g mdt each cCfng nhac n h u cac v a n ban quy p h a m p h a p luat t h d n g t h u d n g ' .
Dd'i vdi cac e d q u a n n h a nPdc, v a n d e hoaeh d j n h c h i e n Ippc c u n g d a n g dupc dac biet q u a n t a m . V d i sp phat t r i e n cua cdnj n g h e t h d n g t i n v a t r u y e n t h d n g , cac to chiifc n h a nUdc d a n g du'ng trUdc t h a c h thPc to Idn d o vai t r d g i a m sat cua ngudi dan d a n g t r d nen c h a t c h e h d n . O mufc d d n h a t d i n h , cac c d q u a n n h a nUdc e u n g c a n c h p n g m i n h kha n a n g " c u n g c a p d j c h vu c d n g c h a t iPdng cao nhat vdi c h i p h i ngan sach tie't k i d m n h a ' t " ^ V i vay, cac c d q u a n n h a nPdc c u n g c i n l a p va t r i e n khai c h i ^ n lupc, tCf d d n a n g cao h i e u q u a hoat d d n g va ehu"ng m l n h vai t r d t h p c c h a t cua m i n h dd'i vdi ngPdi d a n .
N g h i e n cufu d a gpi y cac bPdc xay d p n g va t r i e n k h a i chie'n
•ChiitictiHOQTBHTGVN
DINH HilliNG CHIEN LllllC XAY DUNG HE THDNG HAD HIEM TIEN GUh HIED OUA TAI VIET NAM
"23,75. NguySn Van Thanh *
H i r e N G T f f l K V N I E M , 5 N A M THANH l A P BAO HIEIV. T I E N G U I V I E T N A m
HOI N G H I
„h*a*P>IH<IPT"VO-gj.CHJHHSACH
BAO HIEIVI TIEN Giri GIAI DOAN ( ^ - 2 0 1 4 J
aiPnng,. •• ''^ItiangBnamZI
TS. Nguyen VSn Thanh - Chu tich HDQT BHTGVN phat bieu tai Hoi nghi Tong ket cdng tac phoi hdp thuc hien chinh s^ch Bio biem ti^n gOi giai doan (2001-2014)
^ iPde ap d u n g ddi vdi mdt t d d a n g d i d u n g hudng t r o n g chid'n chPc n h a nUdc (Xem H i n h 1).
H i e u mdt each ddn g i a n , l a n h dao cija c d quan c a n xac d i n h :
(1) C o quan m i n h d a n g d dau?
(danh gia t h p c t r a n g , xac d m h cac va'n d l q u a n t r o n g cua to chijfc);
(2) M o n g mud'n phat trid'n cua ed quan la gi t r o n g tPOng lai? (suf m e n h , t i m n h i n , muc t i d u c h i e n luoc);
Ippc nang cao vai t r d , vj t h e ' c u a m i n h t r o n g t d n g t h e nen k i n h td'. N h a n d j n h ndi trdn dpa tren cac c d sd sau:
Thi? nha't, so' lUpng q u o c gia t h a n h l a p he t h d n g B H T G t a n g n h a n h t r o n g g i a i doan gan day.
Ke t u khi t d chufc B H T G dau t i e n trdn t h e gidi dupe t h a n h lap (Tdng c d n g t y B H T G M y , t h a n h lap n a m 1 9 3 3 ) , d e n (3) Lam thd' nao de dat dPpe nay da c d 113 qud'c gia cd hd m o n g mud'n dd? (ke hoach e d n g t h d n g B H T G . D a y k h d n g p h a i t a c , eac d i e u c h i n h k h i c a n
thid't...).
Kd't qua n g h i e n cufu l i c h sd h i n h t h a n h va phat t r i e n cua h d t h d n g Bao h i e m t i e n gdi ( B H T G ) c h o t h i y , he thd'ng B H T G d a va
la mdt h i d u ufng " p h o n g t r a o " . TrPdc khi t h a n h lap B H T G , cae qud'c gia d i u da c d n g h i e n cufu ky ludng k i n h n g h i d m cua cac qudc gia d i trUdc va cd cau tra Idi: mdt qud'c gia c d h d t h d n g
TAP CHi NGAN HANG | SO 3+4 j THANG 2/2015 Q
Hinh 1. Mo hinh hoach djnh chien liiOc cho cac cd quan nha nUdc^
€>anh gia moi trifdng ben ngoai Oanh gia moi trUdng ben trong Oanh gia cac d a tUpng thu hUdng
^ Thu nhap
j thong tin Oanh gia ket q u i /
hi^u chinh Xdc djnh cac v l n d ^
trong yeu
d SCifmlnh
A Xdc djnh cdc muc J^ t i i u chien lUOc
J^^L Xdc djnh chiln lupc
^
Ke hoach cdng tdc dpa tren chien lupc phdt tri^n
Can xdc dinh muc tieu
t
hdng nam
Tich hap cdc
thay ddi '
B H T G se tdt hdn nd'u khdng cd he thd'ng nay.
Thu' hai, nhiem vu va quyen han cua cac to chu'c B H T G dang difdc m d rong. TP n h i d m
chi tra m d rdng; con iai la cac to ehPe B H T G vdi chPe n a n g m d rdng, t i d n t i l n hOn''.
Thu'ba, khdng co m^t m6 hinh chie'n luoc chung ap dung cho vu so khdi ban d i u la t h u p h i tat ca cac td chifc B H T G , nhu^g va chi tra, d ^ i da s d c a c td chufc
B H T G da tUng bPdc dPpc trao t h e m cac quyen ngan ngPa nguy CO d d vQ cac T C T D (kid'm t r a , g i a m sat, canh bao sdm)
ve tong the, he thong B H T G trdn t h ^ gidi dang dat dPpc muc tieu cua m i n h . T ^ i mdt sd' qud'c gia n h u M y va H a n Q u d c , t d chufc B H T G dUde t h a n h lap va g i a m thid'u c h i phf xCf ly d d de t h a m gia x d ly k h u n g hoang v d (tid'p n h a n x d ly, c a n t h i e p va dPdc trao tha'm q u y l n tPdng sdm). Ke't qua khao sat do H i d p ddi rdng d l t h p c h i e n m u c hdi B H T G qud'c te (lADI) thUc t i d u nay. Tren e d sd d d , cac t d h i e n n a m 2 0 1 4 c h o tha'y, t r o n g chPc B H T G nay da theo dudi sd 1 0 0 qudc gia tra Idi khao sat, c h i e n Ipdc phat t r i l n n h a n h , cht cd 1 t d chCfc hoat d d n g theo m a n h , lam h i n h m l u c h o cac m d h i n h c h i tra gian d o n , 13 t d qudc gia k h a c . NgPpc l a i , mdt chiJc hoat d p n g theo m d h i n h sd qud'c gia t h a n h lap B H T G
0 TAP CHI NGAN HANG j SO 3+4 | THANG 2/2015
vdi t h a m q u y e n han c h l (Nga, P h i l i p p i n e s ^ , m p t so nPdc D6ng Au). Cae t d chCJc nay ap dung m d h i n h p h a t t r i e n t h a n trpng, t h p c h i d n t i c h luy ngudn lpc tai c h i n h va k i n h n g h i d m nghi$p vu t r o n g t h d i g i a n d a i . Khi xay ra k h u n g hoang tai c h i n h , t^
chufc B H T G dPdc sd dung nhU m d t c d n g cu h d t r p quan trpng d e XLf ly k h u n g h o a n g va td d6, t h a m q u y e n cua t d chufc BHTG dUdc n a n g eao.
MOT S6 VXN DE VE DINH
H U d N G C H I E N LUOC PHATTRIEN HE THONG BHTG T^L VI|T NAM
V i e c xay d u n g C h i l n W p h a t t r i e n dai han k h d n g dcin
- HOAT DONG NGAN HANG VIET NAM 2014, QINH HacfNG NAM 2015
;ian ch? la "quyen", mdt nhan d quan trpng nang cao hieu qua luan ly ma cdn la mot "nhiem 'u" eua Bao hiem t i l n gdi Vidt vlam (BHTGVN). Tai Khoan dau idn cua Dieu 13 Luat BHTG da luy d|nh: "BHTGVN xay dUng :hien luac phit triin BHTG di
"^HNN trinh Thu tUdng Chfnh ibu phi duyet vi to chdc thUc liin". Trong bd'i canh Luat JHTG vda cd hieu Ipc vao d i u iam 2013, BHTGVN c i n cd ihUng thao luan ky lUdng de cac djnh: i) hpdng t i l p can xSy Jpng Chie'n lUOc va ii) cac ndi iam cua Chid'n lupc phat trien am cd sd trinh len cac cd quan iha nUdc ed tham quyen trong hdi gian tdi.
HUdng tie'p can xay dUng 3hien lupc
- Chien lUdc c i n phu hdp vdi 'an ban phap ly hien hanh, phij ldp vdi djnh hPdng phat trid'n :inh te' xa hdi ndi chung cung ihP cua nganh Ngan hang ndi idng. Tuy nhien, Chid'n lUpc :ung can cd dp md lam tien d l :ho sp phat trien cua BHTGVN rong tPdng lai.
- Chien lUPc c i n nghidm tuc iep thu y kien ehl dao cua dai lidn lanh dao Chinh phu, lanh lao NHNN trong cae chPdng -inh hdi nghj, lam viec vdi
;HTGVN.
Qua trinh thao luan xSy Ung Chid'n iPdc can dPpc thpc idn tren didn rdng: trong ndi d cija BHTGVN, xin y kid'n cac
cd quan quan ly nha nPdc cd nhiim vu chung nginh Ngin lien quan, cac ehuydn gia kinh hang". Cd hai d i l m trpng yd'u te ed kinh nghiem chuyen sau. trong Mpc tidu tong quat nay:
Vide xin y kiln rdng rai, tid'p thu - Thd nhat, BHTGVN da trid'n nghiem tuc cac y kid'n gdp y cd khai nghien cufu "Bd nguyen t h i tao dieu kidn thuan ldi cho tac cdt Idi phat triln he thdng qua trinh phe duyet cung nhU BHTG hidu qua" do Hiep hdi trien khal Chien iPpc. BHTG qud'c te va Uy ban Basel BHTGVN xae djnh trong ve giam sat ngan hang ban trung han (5 nam tdi) se la giai hanh, trong do danh gia cac doan tfch luy, cung cd nang Ipc diem da dat duoc, cac d i l m tai chinh, nang Ipc chuydn mdn cdn can hoan thidn de trd thanh nghiep vu, phat trien dn djnh mdt "td ehde BHTG hieu qua", b i n vOng; tP dd tao da eho bPdc Vi vSy, ho?t dOng theo md hinh phat trien ddt pha hon trong
tPdng lai.
- V l hinh thufc Chiln luoc, can xac djnh Chid'n lUdc se dupc t h i hidn theo mau eua mdt
td chdc BHTG hidu qua la muc tidu cd tfnh tdng quat cao, cd ndi ham rd rang va da dUdc can nhac ky lUdng,
Thd hai, BHTGVN xac td chdc qudc te' hay theo each djnh td chdc duoc thanh I0p thdc the hidn truyln thd'ng cua bdi nganh Ngan hang, cac dd'i mdt sd Chien luoc phat triln da tuong cd lidn quan trPc tiep den duoc ThO tudng Chinh phu phd chinh sach BHTG diu gan vdi duydt trong thdi gian gin day?^ nganh Ngan hang (ngUdi gdi D l thuan Ipi eho qua trinh phd tien, TCTD, cd quan quan ly nha duydt, cd the nghien cdu ky cac nude); vi vay, BHTGVN hUdng npi dung cua mdt Chien Ippc tdi trd thanh cdng cp chfnh sach phat trien hidn tai, td dd t h i hdu hidu gdp phin vao thanh hien dudi hinh thdc van ban edng cua nganh Ngan hang, chid'n lupc dang dPpc ap dung qua dd dat dPpc thanh cdng cOa phd b i l n tai Vidt Nam.
Ve cac noi ham cua Chidn lupc phat trien BHTGVN
Muc tieu tong quat (Tam nhin)
td chdc.
Djnh hudng ve boat ddng nghiep vu
- Tap trung thpc hien lot cac chdc nang nhidm vu cd't Idi cua Trong gial doan tdi, BHTGVN td chdc BHTG da dPdc quy djnh xac djnh mpc tieu tong quat la trong Luat BHTG va cac vkn ban
"Hoat ddng theo md htnh to quy pham phap luat dudi luat chdc BHTG hiiu qua, trd thanh nhU thu phi, chi trS, kid'm tra, cdng cu chfnh sach hdu hieu giam sat; tfch luy kinh nghiem, gop phan thUc hien thinh cong chufng minh vai tro, nang lpc
TAP CHI NGAN HANG | SO 3 + 4 | THANG 2/2015 I
cuaBHTGVN,tPddcdthedUdc cao nang lpc tai chinh cua giao tham quyen md rdng hon. BHTGVN va cae chUdng trinh
- Dd'i vdi cae ndi dung cdn quy nang cao nhan thdc cua cdng dinh md trong van ban phap ly chung ve viec sd dung djch vu hidn hanh (nhU he thdng phf ngan hang va BHTG. Trdn cd phan bidt, h^n mdc tra tien bao sd dd, xay dUng hinh anh cda hilm): nghien cdu de xua't theo BHTGVN la td chdc edng, cd du hudng bao ve tdt hon ngUdi gdi nang lUe tai chinh va hoat dong tien va gdp phin tfch cpc hfln cd trach nhidm vi mpc tieu chung trong vide dam bao sP phat trid'n cua nganh Ngan hang va cua an toan, ianh manh cda hoat ngUdi dan.
ddng ngan hang. Tuy nhien, can Dinb bUdng ve boat dgng bo lUu y eac ndi dung cua chinh trg bau cin
sach BHTG cd md'i quan he - Tren cd sd nin tang phap ly chat che vdi nhau va can dPOc mdi ve BHTG, nghidn cdu xay thPc hidn ddng bd. Vf dp, viec dpng mdt each ddng bd cac quy tang han mdc can gan vdi vide
nang cao nang Ipc tai chfnh cua BHTGVN, dap dng du ydu cau chi tra khi ein thie't. Viec trien khai hd thd'ng phi phan bidt can gan vdi nang Ipc va quyln ban trong vide giam sat, danh gia rui ro, phan loai cac td chdc tham gia BHTG.
- Trong thdi gian trUdc mat, hPdng cac boat ddng nghiep vu BHTG hien dai (giam sat rui ro, tai eau true hoat ddng) vao cac to chdc tham gia BHTG quy md nho nhu cac Quy Tfn dung nhan dan cd sd, td chdc tai chinh vi
ehe, quy trinh ndi bd dieu chinh toan bd cae mang hoat ddng trong yeu cua BHTGVN. Phan djnh rd rang t h i m quyln, trach nhidm va sp phd'i hpp ehat che gida cac ca'p quan ly, cac ddn vj trong toan he thd'ng BHTGVN.
- Nang cao hidu qua hoat ddng eua bd may kiem soat, kilm toan npi bd; coi day la bd Ipc ngay td khau tae nghidp, dam bao an toan cho boat ddng eua BHTGVN.
- Sd d p n g td't nha't sp hd trp cda eae t d chdc qud'c t e , cac d p an d a n g dupe t r i e n khai de thpe m d . Trdn ca sd d d , t f c h luy k i n h h i d n muc tieu phat t r i e n e h u n g n g h i e m de dUpc giao n h i e m v u cua t d chdc.
ddi vdi eae t d ehdc t h a m gia - x a y d p n g bo m a y t d c h d c B H T G quy m d Idn hon vao t h d i gan vdi ehde n a n g n h i e m vu d i e m t h f c h h p p . cda B H T G V N t r o n g t d n g t h d i T r o n g giai d o a n nen k i n h ky; n g h i d n cdu hudng dao tao, te va hd t h d n g ngan hang phat bdi dUdng nhPng c a n bd cd t r i e n dn d i n h , t a p t r u n g vao n a n g lpc, dao ddc, gSn bd vdi cac giai p h a p tfeh luy, n a n g t d c h d c tao t h e he t i e p ndi c h o
^ TAP CHi N6AN HANG | S6 3+4 | THANG 2/2015
B H T G V N phat t r i l n b i n vOng.
15 n a m vda q u a , BHTGVN da c d n h i l u budc phat trien t i c h eUc, tao dau a'n trong ho?t d d n g ngan h a n g , song eung cfi k h d n g ft t h a n g t r i m , khd khan t h d t h a c h . H o n luc nao het, d a y la t h d i d i l m t h i e h hpp 6i B H T G V N xac d j n h mOt djnh h u d n g chie'n lUdc phat t r i l n 5n d j n h , ben vdng; lam nen t^ng c h o n h d n g t h a n h cdng cua t3 c h d c t r o n g tPdng lai.a
^Kaplan va Norton (2001). "T6 chflc hudng trpng tSm vao chi^n liipc: Um the nao cac to chile sd dung Bang diem de canh tranh trong mol triidng mdi".
Tgp chi cua triJfing Oai hpc kinh doanh Harvard.
^Kernaghan va Slegel (1999). "Quiifi trj khu vUc cong tai Canada". NhJxuSt ban IIP Nelson.
^Bryan (1988). "Hoach dinh chign lUdc cho cd quan nha nudc va cSc to ChUc phi ldi nhuan" NXB Jossey-Bass.
''Uy ban dQ' lieu va khao sit - lADI (2014). Nhang ket quci chu yen ci)a Bang khao sat thiidng nign.
^Tong cong ty BHTG Philippines (PDIC) audc thanh lap nam 1963, ban dau theo md hinh Chi t r i giin ddn.
Trong suot thdi gian hoat ddng, PDIC da thUc hien rat tdt nhi6m vu chi tra, dong thdi trien khai cac chUdng trinh pho bi6) kien thUc tai chinh cho ngUdi dan, Kiii xay ra khung hoang tai chinh tai Chau A, vai trd, tham quyen cua PDIC da dildc tang cddng. Nam 2013, PDIC dUdc HISp hdi BHTG qudc te trao giai thUdng "Tfi ChUc BHTG ciia nam".
^Lien quan den khu vuc tai chinh ngSn hang, cd the tham kh^o hinh thUc cia Chien lUdc phat trien Ngan hing Chinti sich xa hoi (2012), Chien Iddc phat trifin Ngin hang phit trign Vigt Nam (2014)^
