sd 12-2012 Dw/yrtHjy
Ba yeu to anh huofng tfch ciTc den chat liTGfng giao due of trirofng dai hoc
theo tir tirofng Ho Chf IVIinti
v o THI DIEU
Ldp Cao hpc Ho Chl Minh hpc, Khda 17 Hpc Vifln Chfnh tri - Hanh ehlnh quoc gta H i Chl Minh
1. Trong kho lang di s i n II lugn ciia Chil tjCh Ho Chi Mmh, tu tuflng ve gtio dye mang mdt y nghTa sau s i c e i v l li luin va thuc tien ddi vdi sp nghiflp g i i o dye v i dao tgo ciia da't nude. Tu IQflng dfi c h i l m mflt vj tri quan trpng, l i kim chl nam cho n h i n IhQc v i h i n h ddng ciia giao due Viet Nam xuyfln s u i t cac giai dogn each mgng vUa qua va eho c i cac giai dogn s i p tdi cua sg nghigp cdng nghiflp hfia, hifln dai hda xay
dung ehil nghTa x i hfii NhQng nam gan d i y d i cd nhieu cdng Irinh khoa hpc nghien cUu di s i n tu tuflng H i Chf Minh ve giao dye vdl nhiJng k i l n giat phong phu va sau s i c .
Tu tufing Ho Chi Minh ve giao due ed y nghTa lo Idn bfli dfi vQa t i thinh q u i cua q u i trinh c h i t Ipc linh hoa van hda n h i n logi vUa mang dam nhijfng dau an cua thpc tifln dfii s i n g xa hfli Viflt Nam ndi neng va phudng Ddng noi chung, Ly lugn v i thpc lien giao dye theo tu tuflng ciia Ngufii d i tac dpng mgnh mfl vao sp doi mdi cfla nen giao due nude nha va tgo ra i n h huflng n h i l djnh doi vfit g i i o dye cua mfit so nudc tren the gidi. Nghi quylt ciia To chUc V i n hoa, Khoa
hpc va Giao dye eua Lien hi&p quoe d i d i n h g i i : "Su
"trim n i m trong ngudi", chung ta cd the nghi&n cQu cap nhgt mflt so quan diem ma Ihgc t i l n g i i o dye hifln nay dang d l i hoi, nhu mdt nhu cau bUc xuc, nham tgo ra chuyen bien thay ro ve chat lupng giao due, trong dd ed chi't lupng g i i o dye fi b i c dai hpc. Mdt so quan d i l m cua Chil tjch H i Chi Minh ma chiJng tdi thay c i n thilt phai neu l&n trong tinh hinh hifln nay la vai trd neu gQdng cfla ngudi Idn - thay, efl v i n h i trufing ndi chung, hai Ik, sy p h l i hpp giQa n h i IrUdng - gia dinh va xa hot trong hogt dong giao dye;
ba la, dan chii hoa c6ng t i c dgy - hpc v i q u i n ly giao dye, quan ly nhi trudng. Tat nhifln, cha't IUpng giao dye edn phy thuflc vao nhu eiu, dong cd va loi fch ciia ngufii hpe; trinh dp chuy&n mdn, Ifing yeu nghe cua giing vifln; nhQng d i l u kifln, phUdng tign dgy v i hpe cua nha trudng, „ d
^ day, chung tdi nflu ba quan dilm c6
"^^ tinh chat dgi dien, c i n chu y, vin
"5 dyng trong boi c i n h hifln nay eiia giao due dgi hpc nUfic nha.
1.1. Vai tro neu gUdng cCia nha trudng - thay cd giao, can bg, vien chiifc
Trufic sp phit tnen eua ddi sdng kinh t l xa hdi, ben cgnh nhQng thinh tuu da dgt dupc cCia cdng cufle d l i mdi th) nhOng t i c ddng tiflu cue cua xa hdi trong n l n kmh dong gop quan trpng ve nhieu mkt eua ChQ tieh HS Chl fe 'hj trufing eung i n h huflng khflng nhfl doi vdi q u i trinh Mtnh tron^ eke ITnh vUc vkn hoa, giao due vk nghe thuat la
kdt tinh cua truyen thdng hkng ngkn nkm cda nhkn dan Viet Nam vk nhiing tu tUdng cua NgUdi Ik hien than cOa nhdng khat vpng cOa cac dkn tdc trong vikc khing dinh ban sic dkn t^c cUa minh vk tieu bieu cho viec thuc diy sp hidu biet lin nhau-"'.
Tu tuflng giao dye ciia Chu tjch H i Chl Minh bao g I m nhQng npi dung cd tinh chat nguyen ly v i phupng phap chi dgo cho g i i o dye Viflt Nam the hifln t i m chiln Igpc
giao dye v i dao tao nguon nhan lgc phgc vg cho cflng cufle x i y dgng chit nghTa xa hfli D i l u dd ddi hfli edng tic giao dye khdng chi t i p trung v i o g i i o dgc tri thUc khoa hpc, chuyen nghiflp m i con c i g i i o dye dgo dQc cich mgng, tU tuflng chinh trj cho ngufii hpc. V i mflt trong nhQng phUdng phap g i i o dye cd hiflu q u i d l i vdi ngUfii hpc la nflu gudng. Chfl tjch Ho Chf Minh chl ra rang giao dye b i n g lam guong song cfla ngufii ldn l i mpt phUOng p h i p g i i o dye hiflu qua. Bfli tfl t h i y , c l g i i o "nhit cil.
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nhit dpng" d i u i n h huflng tryc tiep den ngufii hpc. Ngufii chf ro: "Ndi ehung thl ckc dan tpe phUdng Ddng deu giau tinh ckm, va ddi vdi hp mot tam gUdng sdng cdn gia tn hdn mdt trkm bki dien vkn tuyin truyed'^. Ngufii thay chinh l i ngufii khai s i n g tri tufl v i t h i p Ifln ngpn IQa tam h i n ciisp ngudi hpc, dem d i n cho hp ly tuflng song cao dgp, linh mgnh, trong s i n g v i t i l n bd: "Thiy tdt th) inh hUdng tdt, thiy xdu Ihi inh hudng xSW. Mflt hanh vt xau cita Thay cd t h l t i m ton IhUdng va t i m m i t n i l m tin c i mdt the hfl NhUng ngupc lgi, mdt t i m gUdng s i n g eua thay se cd nhieu I h l he noi Iheo. Ho Chl Minh viet: "6e nhdng ngUdi tudi tri trong saeh nhP mdt tdm lua trang, nhudm xanh th) nd se xanh, nhudm dd th) no se do, vi vay su hpc d nhk trudng cd anh hudng rdt Idn cho tUdng lai cda thanh niin vk tUdng lai eCia thanh niin la tUdng lai eiia nddc nhk'^.
Cho n&n Ihay giio i l l l i ngudi t h i y cd dii tu c i c h dgo dQc va nang lgc chuy&n mdn de n&u gUdng cho ngufii hpc. Chil tich Ho Chf Mmh da n&u cao tinh than hpe tap eiia Lflnin "hoe, hoe nOa, hpc mai"ke\ hpp vdi tinh than g i i o due eiia Khong TQ "hoc khdng biet chan, day khdng bidt mdl' lam mau so cho ngufii thay va n h i c nhd mpi ngufii h i y thyc hanh nd nhu chinh Ngudi - la mot l i m gUdng s i n g - da kifln tri tp hpc de khdng ngUng hoan thifln va nang eao kien thUe ciia minh.
Sy neu gupng khdng chl gidi hgn doi vdi t h i y co tr'^c l i l p giing dgy hpc sinh. Nfi cdn la mdt tam gUdng Idn - b l d i y truyen thong cua n h i trufing - m i hpc sinh khi bufic c h i n vao p h i i eui d i u t r i n trpng v i lay lam hanh difln khi dQpe trfl thanh Ihinh vi&n ciia nha IrUfing. Vi v i y , xay dyng truyln t h i n g eiia trudng, chlnh t i long hpp mflt tam gUdng Idn, loan di&n eiia trQdng, la mdt each giio dye hOu hiflu dd'i vdi hpc sinh.
Doi vdi tUng giing vifln, sp nflu guong dupe the hien Ihudng xuyfln qua nhQng thao t i e nghiep vy cua Ihiy, dd la edng b i n g trong thi cQ, k i l m tra, danh gia hpc sinh;
khong b i t dp hpc sinh de'n nha hpc thflm hoic mua tai liflu cua minh bifln soan„, Doi vdi nha trudng thi cflng khai c i c dmh mUc thu chi; t l ehQc doi thogi, l i n g nghe y kien eila hpc sinh de khdng ngQng tao ra moi quan he than thifln vdi ngQfii hpc Lanh dgo nha trufing ta ngufii di dau trong viflc n&u gudng, tU dd cd bi&n phap kilm tra, dfln d i e mpt ngufii neu guong.
1.2. Sgphot hpp, hpp tac tich cpc gtila nha trUfing, gla dinh v i xa hpt trong cong t i c g i i o dye hpc sinh Ben cgnh t i c dyng ciia viflc nflu guong, hogt dflng g i i o dye dfii hfli sg p h l i hpp, hpp t i e ehat ehe giQa n h i trufing vdi gla dinh v i xa hfli. Chu lieh H i Chi Minh da nhilu l i n chf ra r i n g hogt dflng g i i o due chQa dpng trong Idng nd tinh t i t y l u p h i i k i t hpp giao dye tri IhQc khoa hpc vdl g i i o dye dgo dUc, g i i o dye Idi s i n g vdi giio dye tu tuflng chlnh tri; 9 ' i o dye n h i trudng p h i i k i t hpp vfii g i i o dye gla dinh v i g i i o dye xa h|i, trong dd giio dye gta dtnh t i n6n t i n g cP b i n d l cQng vfii g i i o dye fl nha trudng hlnh t h i n h ty tuflng, n i n g Igc, glQp eho sp vUdn Ifln, h o i n thifln v i p h i t t r i l n n h i n c i c h cho moi thanh nifln. Tgi Hfli nghj e i n bfl D i n g nginh g i i o dye thing 6 nam 1957. NgUfll ehl rd: "Giko dpe trong nhk trUdng dd td't miy nhUng thidu giko dpc trong gia dinh vk ngoki xa hpi th) kdt qui cung khdng hokn tokrf'. TQ quan diem
cfla chu nghTa M i c - L e n i n ve vaitrd eua quan ehung. Ho Chf Minh khang djnh. "Giko dpc Ik sU nghiip cua quin chiing Cin phki phat huy day du dan chu xa hgi chO nghla _. do dd eae nganh, cac cap dang va chinh quyen dia phUdng phai that sU quan tam hdn nda din sU nghiip nay, phii chkm sde nha trUdng ve moi mat, day sU nghiip giao due cua ta lin nhdng bUde phat triin mdl'^. Mdi mdt b6 phin, m i l mpl thanh phan trong lpc tupng dd deu cd nhQng vai trfi, vj trf khae nhau nhung eimg chung mdt trach nhiflm eham lo cho su nghiflp giio dye va dao lao t h l h& trfl. C i n g ke't hpp chat che giQa eie mdi trudng thi c i n g tgo ra dupc sQc mgnh tong hpp trong sy nghi&p
"tring ngufii".
Trong thyc tten giio dye hien nay, mdi trudng xa hpi da va dang h\ chi phoi kha nhieu bfli nhQng lieu cue den tQ nhilu phfa. Vi vay, moi trufing giio due phii trfl thanh chfi dya vQng chac cho xa hpi v i hpe stnh, Neu khong phan dau trfi thinh moi trUdng giao due ly tuflng cho thanh nien. thieu sU dau tU, thieu sU cham soc nhk trddng vS mpi mkt thi - nginh giio due - kho ma ddi hoi fl hp nhQng kel qua nhU myc lieu dao tgo mong muon.
1.3. Nhieng chi dan ciia Ho Chf Minh ve dan chii trong g i i o dye
Trong khi xay dpng mpl nen dan chu mdi, dan ehu xa hdi ehil nghTa, Ghu tich Ho Chi Mmh ciJng nhan mgnh den vai trd cita dan chii trong giao dye, trong dd, dae biel l i m i l quan hfl dan chQ giQa thay va trd, giQa ngUdi quan ly vdi ngufii day hpc.
- Trong day va hpc, NgUdi luu y can phai cfi sp doi thogi. phit huy dan ehii, thing thfin, cfli mfl . "doi vdi mpi van de, thay vk trd cdng nhau thio iuan, ai co y kiin gl dSu that thk phat biiu. DiSu g'l chUa thong suot, th) hoi, bkn eho thdng sudt"^. Mudn thdng suot thi phai hdi, ban, phii thao lugn, Trong mpt bQc thU gifi cho thanh nien, NgQdi viet: Sau day la "may y kien de eae ban Ihao iuan"
Day l i mdl thai dp dan chii, khdng ap dat . Hoi, b i n , thio lugn l i nhQng d i u hi&u b i n chal ciia dan chii. Hd Chi Mmh nhfic nhfl thpc h i n h dan chu nhung khfing phai la dan ehu qua trdn, v i suy cho den eung, trong moi quan hfl ay, vai trp cOa ngudi thiy la quan trpng, vi Ihay phii biet quy trd thi thay mdi tgo nhieu dieu kien eho trd hoi, ban eho ihdng suot.
- Lam cho mpi ngUdi dupe thdng sudt cung la mpl mye lieu eua hoat dflng quan iy giao dye. Ngay 17/8/
1962, nfii chuyfln lgi Trufing Thanh ni&n Lao ddng xa hdi ehil nghTa Hfia Binh, Chu tich Ho Chf Mmh nhin manh myc ti&u niy; "Phii b i n bge dan chu. Cd cdng viec gi, ban phy Irich IrUfing b i n bge vdi anh em, lam cho tu tufing mpl ngudi thdng si/d'((ngufii vie't in nghieng), ddng vten mpl ngufii cung lam, chQ khdng nen ban phy trich dinh ke hoach roi bat mpi ngudi lam. ... N l u ban phy trach CO sang kie'n, co dan ehii thi trufing tdl, neu ban phy Irieh tgi quan lieu, mflnh l&nh, bdl xen, trufing se khong ra gi h i t " ' .
Cd t h l ndi, dilm cit 161 trong quan diem eua Hd Chl Minh ve din chil trong giao due ehlnh l i th6ng suol. Th6ng suit trong dgy - hpe va trong quan ly giio dgc, quin ly nha IrUdng, Khdng thdng suit l i mo h i , l i nhdi nh&t, tfl hgi hon nQa l i i p
(Xem tiip trang 15)
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lim cd sd cho tu duy trifu tupng l i d i l u kifln cho phep di sau tim hllu bin chit ciia c i e sg v$t v i hifln tupng. N l u nhu khflng efi trinh dfl tu duy bing khii niflm thl cung c l nghTa la khfi cd ning lyc lafu tupng h i a vl tu duy bing khii nigm l i ning tgc cho phep di s i u v i o b i n chat ciia sg vat de phin djnh dung sai, phit hifln ra mau thuan, tlm ra ddng tgc IhUc d i y viflc ning cao ning lgc IU duy ly tuan, tu duy tri/u tupng.
Do vfly, Ngudi giing vien can phii thpc hifln t i t cac yflu cau sau'
Mpt t i , trong giing dgy ly lufln, ngudi giing vien edn phii ning cao ning Ipc tU duy d l trinh tu tuflng giao dieu Muon vfly, c i n trinh hai khuynh huflng: mflt la, ddn giin hda v l n de, cat xen ty tu|ln theo chii quan cCia minh; hai la, tiep thu ly lufln theo kilu "tim chQdng trich oil" hay "chCi nghla kmh vifln" mflt each may mde. sieu hinh. Dilu niy dien ra fi nhQng ngudi ehua cfi mflt n l n ting tri IhQc vQng chic, chua dgl d i n mflt trinh dfl IQ duy trQu tupng v i khii quat hfia cao.
Nang ipe trUu tupng hda khdng l i c h rfii ning Igc khii quit hda. Ngudl giing vifln khi dpe mflt euln sich, nghifln cQu mflt tinh hulng thgc tien, liep thu mflt hpc thuylt mdi.„ phii bilt khii quit hda. rQt ra dupc cai gi l i cot loi v i bin chit nhat. Vi tri thQc cita nhan logi rit phong phu v i da dgng, moi ngQdi phii bilt lilp thu cd chpn Ipe, b i l l di s i u tlm hllu.
VI v$y, viflc rfln luyfln, ning cao v i phit Irien hoan thifln ning tpe IU duy d l vUdn tfli ning lgc tU duy ly luan, tu duy bi|n chQng l i yflu c i u b i t buflc d i l vfii ngufii giing vifln trong dieu kifln hifln nay.
Hal la, ngufii giing vifln c i n c l tu duy ty lufln, tu duy bIflnchUngdIkhicphyctUduy m i y mde, si&u hlnh v i nhi't l i d l nhan ra t i c hgi cCia khuynh hufing dung y ehi chu quan, b i t chip quy iuflt khach quan trong nhfln thQc v i hogt dflng Ihpc tiln. Logi IP duy n i y thufing dupe dfli lot dudi hlnh IhQc hpc tflp kinh nghiflm, t i n g k i t thyc ti§n„
NhQng thyc ra l i sao c h i p , cdp nhflt, l i p ghep d l tgo ra s i n phim ma khdng llnh d i n n i l dae thu v i llnh c i biflt ciia ddi tQpng dgy hpc.
Ba la, d l ning cao ning Igc tu duy ty lu^n, ngufii giing vifln c i n trinh qua nhln mgnh d i n vai trfi cfla y chf m i col nhp mat tri thUc, tri tufl, tu duy can cd. B i t ky lim viflc gi cung c i n phii c l y chf, n l u thilu y chl thl khdng t h l thinh cdng.
Tuy nhifln, y ehi dfi dUpc dfli trfln mflt n l n ting chii nghTa c i nhin vi ky, m i khing dupc d$t trfln mflt nen ting In IhQc khoa hpc. khflng cfi cho dya dgo dQc tinh mgnh v i vflng ehae tht hflu q u i x i u se x i y ra. 6 t h l ky XVll. n h i tnlt hpc Phip l i D i - cic - to d i nfii' "Mflt khi m i y chl tdn hdn ly tri, mgnh hdn tri tufl thl dfi I i nguyfln nhin d i ra nhQng sai lim".
D l d i p Ung vfii yflu c i u ciia sg nghiflp giio dge d i o tgo nguln nhin igc trong d i l u kifln hifln nay. ngufii giing vifln c i n rfln luyfln va trau rdi k h i ning tuduy ty tu$n, tuduy bign ChQng. Muln vay. ddi hfit m5l giing viSn c i n phii rfln luyfln b l i dufing nhflng phim c h i t tuduy mflt eieh Ihudng xuyen.
Phil thim nhuin tu tuflng dupe Angghen nflu trong t i c phim "Bifln chUng ciia tg nhifln", l i : "Mflt d i n tflc muln dflng vOng trdn dinh cao ciia khoa hpc thl khdng t h l khdng c6 tuduy ty lufln" Muln vfly, m i l ngUfii phii t y h p i n thifln, tg trau d l i tri thUc khoa hpc. VI tri thUc khoa hpc gtup ta c6eh suy nghT dimg. cfln tU duy Iy lufln dgy cho ta nghfl thuflt v$n dyng c i c k h i i niflm v i phUdng phip tu duy m i m dio, sing tgo.
Ba yeu to'
(Tiip theo trang 13)
dgt m i l d i n chii. Thilt nghT ngudi l i m nghe dgy hpc v i quin ly giio dye, hdn at hit, can thau hieu v i van dyng tieh cgc quan diem n i y ciia Chu tjch H i Chi Minh
2. Thuc hien tot ba y l u to tr&n day - theo chung lot, s&
giQp khic phyc nhQng hgn c h l va y l u kem ctia giio dye - dao tgo hien nay, gfip phan thgc hi&n tu tufing Ho Chf Mmh ve v i n de trong ngUfli. Tuy theo vt tri cfing tic m i xem xet v i thgc hi&n y l u t l nio la trpng t i m , nhung theo ehung Idl, e i ba y l u to d i u cd moi quan he m i l thtet:
- La giing vien thl sp neu gUdng da trfl Ihinh mfit hinh vi tg giac; trong quan h& tiep xuc vdi hpc sinh cang ddi hfii the hifln t i c phong dan chii cung nhu khi len Idp phal to chQc cae hogt ddng giup hpc sinh tiep thu Ihdng sud'f bai hoc; khflng chl bd hgp nhiflm vy fl trQdng, Idp m i cdn co nghTa vy gan bd vdi dia phuong, xky dpng cpng dong van minh, an toin, trat ty.
- L i nhi quan ly, khfing chi neu gddng IrUde hpc sinh, giang vien m i efin IrQdc phy huynh v i quan ehung; khdng ehi chip hanh ehi thj cap tr&n ma edn phai to chfle giao dye cho mpi ngufii dupe thdng sudtde cung Ihyc hifln; to chflc cie hinh thflc thfch hpp de van dong loan xa hdi cham lo sp nghiflp giao dye t h l hfl tre.
Bg yeu to neu tren la nhQng gpi y dpa Iren nhiimg chi din eua Chil tjch Ho Chi Minh de tie'p tyc nghien cQu, vgn dyng vao viflc ning eao ehit iQpng giao dye va dao tgo hifln nay.
TAI LIEU THAIVI KHAO
1 Hoang Ngpc Dl (1962), Hoc tap quan diem giao due cua dSngchiHo Chlf/inh, Nxb. Giaodye, Ha Noi.
2 Vo Nguyen Giap [2Q0B), TU tUdng H6 Chi Mini) vk Con dudng each mang Viet Nam, Nxb. Chinh In Quic gia. Ha Ndi,
3 TS.Vo Van Lpc (2008), Ho Ctji Minh vdi viec ehda bent}
Ikm mit dan chu, Nxb. Chfnh tn Quoc gia, HaNdi.
4. TS. Vo Van Loe (2011), Ouan diim cua Chii tich H6 Chi Minh ve dan chu trong giao dpc, Nxb. Chinh tn Qud'c gia, Ha Npi.
5 Ho Chi Mmh (1979), Ban ve cong tac giao due, tlxb.Sp that. Ha Npi.
6. Ho Chi Minh (2011), Toan tpp, Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Noi.
1 UNESCOvi Uy ban Khoa hpcxa hoi Viet Nam (1990); Hdi Ihao quoc t|- Chii tich Ho Chi Minh, Anh hung giii phong din toe, Nha van hoa Idn, NXB Khoa hpc xa hdi, Ir 5
2 Ho Chf Minh (2011), Toan tap. Nxb Chinh In quoc gia. Ha Ndi. tap 1. Ir. 284.
3 Ho Chf Mmh (2011), Tokn tkp, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha N6i,tap5,tr. 120.
4H6ChfMinh(2011), Toan fap, Nxb Chlnh In quoe gia. Ha N6i,iap10,lr.591.
5 Ho Chf Minh (2011), Tokn tpp, Nxb Chfnh trj quoe gia. Ha Nfii,tap15,tr.508.
6 H i Chl Mmh (2011), Tokn tap. Nxb Chlnh tr| quic gia, Ha Nfii, tap 9, tr. 266.
7 Ho Chi Minh (2011), Tokn tkp. Nxb Chfnh In qud'e gia, Ha Nfli, tap 13^lr 436-438
