Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 r r Cong nghiep mo tien tiin vi su phdt trien ben virng
N G H I E N CTJTJ A P D U N G C O N G N G H E C H O N G G I U * CAC DlTCTNG LO CO DAT DA NOC NIPT NE DE SAP DO
11 12
GS. ThS. Zhang - W e n j u n Wangdong Z h a n g - m i n g x u , Li-yunhao 1 T r u o n g D a i hoc k y thuat L i e u N i n h ; 2 Cong ty T H H H dien than SonTay,
Cong ty T N H H luyen than Son Tay ( T r u n g Quoc) Tdm tat: Khdi niem duoc dua ra trong bdi bdo nay doi voi viec chong giir dudng Id cd ddt
dd ndc nut ne de sap do, dua tren co sd phan tich chi tiet cdc dir lieu dia chat cua dudng Id, ly thuyet ve chdng giir dudng Id phii hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te ciing dd duoc cung cap vd lua chon cdng^ thirc phii hop. O cdc dieu kien dia chat hoac chdng giir khdc nhau, phdn tich mo phong dudng Id bdng phdn mem sd cd the thu duac dp lire dd gan ke, sir dich chuyen, phdn bd ciia cdc khu virc dirt gay trong cdc dudng Id duoc chdng giir bang neo hoac neo cap trong dieu kien dp luc md vd loai ndc khdc nhau. Moi thdng sd thu duoc tir viec phdn tich md phong bang sd cd the la co sd cua viec tinh toan chdng giir bdng neo hoac neo cap.
Gidi thieu
Vach true tiep cua via than tai md than Zhenchengdi cua Cdng ty, TNHH dien than
Tay Son bao g d m 2 l d p cd chieu day tir 0.3m+0.5m . So v d i vach true tiep thdng thudng d dieu kien dn dinh trung binh t h i bien dang noc tang tir 2 0 % den 3 4 % va k h u vuc dut gay tang tir 2 3 % den 83%. D a x u n g quanh cd tinh on dinh k e m va bien dang manh khong chi gay khd khan cho viec chdng l d ma con lam mat an toan va t r i n h t u san xuat.
Chong giu Id kieu truyen thdng ludn duoc sir dung d dudng ld tuong tu ciia md
nhung cd mot so van de n h u bien dang da xung quanh, ket qua chdng g i u k e m , chi p h i cao.
De giai quyet van de nay cdng ty Dien Than Tay Son bat dau tien hanh nghien cuu cung vdi trudng dai hoc trong nude. O cac dieu kien thuc te va tren co sd phan t i c h cdng nghe chong g i u d u o n g Id va quy trinh k y thuat, cac p h u o n g phap phan t i c h va t i n h toan l y thuyet, md phong bang sd, quan trac ap luc se duoc ap dung trong bai bao nay. D d n g t h d i , se sir dung neo cudng do cao,,ludi k i m loai, dam thep va neo cap de chdng g i u d u d n g l d . Sau 3 nam ap dung tren thuc te, cdng tac khai thac khong chi dien ra an toan va hieu qua ma con mang lai l o i ich ve mat k i n h te, k y thuat va xa h d i dang ke.
1. Thiet ke thu* nghiem chong giir duong 16
Theo nguyen tac ket hop chdng g i u lien ket bang neo hoac neo cap va yeu cau ciia cong nghe chong g i u t h i p h u o n g phap m o phong bang so duoc sir dung trong thiet ke ban dau ciing v d i viec phan t i c h l y thuyet va su t u o n g ddng ve k y thuat.
1.1 Nguyen ly chdng giir vach kit hop vdi neo va neo cap di dap irng tinh hinh hien tqi
1) Tang kha nang chiu tai cua khoi chong giu dat da bang neo bang each tang cudng lien ket v d i dat da gan ke.
Khu vuc chdng giu bang neo deo d phia ngoai cac khu vuc da dut gay gan ke cu the
la chieu dai thanh neo l d n h o n chieu sau cua k h u vuc da dut gay gan ke giup thanh neo duoc sir dung hoan toan de gia co dat da nong gan ke. Neo cap cq do cung i m g luc trudc phii hop v d i thanh neo l a m tdng chieu day ciia ldp chiu luc chdng g i u bdng neo, tang cudng kha nang chiu tai cua k h d i chong g i u bang neo.
Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt trien bin vung
LD-, Lz va h0 lan l u o t la chieu dai thanh neo, chieu dai gia cp, do sau cua k h u virc dut gay gan ke. B e gia co da gan ke m o t each hieu qua t h i chieu dai thanh neo nen la LD>ho+Lz.
2) N e o cap l a m ngirng dat da khong on d i n h de ngan ngira tai nan sap 16.
Kha nang chiu luc cua neo cap nen Ion hon trong luong da trong cac khu vuc dut gay
noc. Co the n o i rang do ben keo k y thuat cua neo nen I o n h o n tai t r o n g treo de cho neo co the hoan toan treo duoc da r o i gan ke va ngan ngira sap 16.
Cac ket qua mo phong bang so cho thay hinh dang cac khu vuc dut gay noc giong
hinh Parabon, do cao v o m bang do sau cua cac k h u vuc dut gay n h i e u nhat khoang 1,5 lan chieu rong d u o n g 16. V i biet duoc trong l u o n g da tren m o i met o cac k h u virc dut gay noc va do ben keo k y thuat cua neo, theo cac yeu cau ve trong l u o n g da cua k h u vuc dut gay noc treo t h i so neo tren m o i met bang 0,19 lan do sau cua k h u v u c dut gay I o n nhat va bang mot nira do r o n g d u o n g 16.
3) Do dan dai ky thuat cua day neo phai phu hop voi do bien dang da gan ke tai khu vuc treo
Do dan dai ky thuat cua neo cap noc nen Ion hon do bien dang da gan ke tai khu vuc
treo dieu nay co the ngan ngira sir qua tai cua neo cap do ap luc bien dang Ion.
Cac ket qua mo phong bang so cho thay he so giira dich chuyen da noc U/ 6 neo cap
ben trong va sut noc U la khoang 0.35. B i e n dang da la 0 . 6 5U 6 k h u vuc treo cua neo. Neu Ls va Fy la neo cap ben trong va irng luc truoc t h i do dan k y thuat cua neo cap la ems = 1.8%, v i vay chieu dai day neo Los la:
T -T r UAU
Li rjn — Li\ T Li-x T
D S 1 2 398 - F r
r r r
1.2. Dinh nghia phuong phap chdng giir co ban va cdc thdng so chdng giir chinh Tren co so dinh nghTa ve cac nguyen tac chong giu noc ket hop voi thanh neo va neo
cap, mot so each chong g i u duoc so sanh bang he thong phan t i c h xir l y sut 16 dat da Ophah m e m t i n h toan R F P A2 ). C u o i cung, bien phap chong g i u t o i u u da duoc xac dinh: thanh neo, dam thep va l u o i , neo cap duoc sir dung de gia co. Co the t h u duoc cac ket qua tir cac thir nghiem bang so ve su phan bo k h u virc dut gay da gan ke va phan bo bien dang. Sau do co the t i n h toan cac thong so chong giir c h i n h va lira chon thanh neo va nguyen l y chong g i u neo cap n h u sau.
Bang 1. Cdc kit qua md phong su bien dang dd gan ki va phan bo cdc khu vuc dut gay
K h u vuc Sut noc / m m D i c h chuyen noc 6 m / m m
D o sau cua cac k h u virc dirt gay
noc / m
D o sau ciia cac k h u vuc dirt gay hong 16 /m
G i u a thanh neo 89 28 1.65 2.55
Thanh neo 52 21 1.50 1.05
Trung b i n h 71 25 1.60 1.80
Tren co so cac ket qua m o phong, co the thay duoc chieu dai thanh neo la 2 m, khoang each va khoang each hang la 8 0 0x9 0 0 m m , do dai neo cap la 6,5m, khoang each via than la 2,4m, so do 2 cho m o i hang, do dai cua thanh neo h o n g 16 la 1,8, khoang each va khoang each hang 800><1000mm.
Hdi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt md qudc te - 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vung
2. Cac dac t i n h sut I f f d a t da gan ke v a m o p h o n g c h o n g giu- b a n g so 2.1 Md phong bang so sir bien dang va dirt gay ciia dd ndc gan ke
Be phong cac dac ti'nh bien dang va dut gay ciia da noc gan ke, co hai dang t u o n g phan nhau v o i do sau khai thac la 2 5 0 m va 4 0 0 m . M o t la hai phia ciia d u o n g 16 la than goi la "than-than", dang t h i i hai la m o t phia d u o n g 16 la than va phia k i a la cai nem than goi la
"than-cai n e m "
Cac ket qua m o phong cho thay, so v o i d u o n g 16 co noc o n d i n h trung b i n h t h i sut noc tai d u o n g 16 co noc phiic tap tang tir 2 0 % den 3 4 % , do sau cua cac k h u vuc dut gay noc tang tir 2 3 % den 83%. H i n h 1 va H i n h 2 the hien su phan bo cac k h u vuc dut gay da gan ke co do sau 2 5 0 m va 4 0 0 m 6 cac dieu kien noc khac nhau, dang "than-than" va dang
"than-cai nem".
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a. Noc thong thuong, (sau 2 5 0 m )
b. N o c phiic tap, (sau 250m)
c.Noc thong t h u o n g , (sau 4 0 0 m )
d. N o c phiic tap, (sau 4 0 0 m ) Hinh 1. Phan bo cdc khu vuc dd dirt gay gan ke, dudng id dang "than-than "
m
s HnHsfllfir-'
•
a. Ndc thdng thudng (sau 250m)
b. Ndc phirc tap (sau 250m)
c. Ndc thdng thudng
(sau 400m) d Ndc phuc tap (sau 400m)
Hinh 2. Phan bo cdc khu vuc dd dirt gay gan ke, dudng Id dang "than-cai nem"
Tir luc khai thac cho den khi ngirng khai thac, su gia tang va bien dang da gan ke ciia
duong 16 loai "than-than" trai qua hai giai doan bien dang m a n h ya m o t giai doan bien dang cham. G i a i doan bien dang m a n h dau tien la phan bo l i n g suat sau k h i m o via. K e t qua la m o rong v i i n g nhanh va toe do bien dang da gan ke co the len t o i v a i m m m o i ngay.
0 giai doan bien dang cham, m o rong v i i n g gan on,dinh, trong k h i k h u vuc dut gay van m o rong cham chu yeu la do su m o rong da gan ke, toe do bien dang co the g i a m x u o n g 1-2 bac ve do 16n. Giai doan bien dang m a n h , t h i i hai xay ra 6 truoc g u o n g khai thac khoang 50m. Cung v o i viec khai thac g u o n g 16, bien dang chii yeu do tang ap luc.
Tuong tu, tir luc khai thac cho den khi ngirng khai thac, su gia tang va bien dang da
gan ke cua d u o n g 16 loai "than-cai n e m " trai qua ba giai doan chinh. D u o c bao ve boi^ nem than, loai d u o n g 16 nay co the b i tac dong do khai thac. V i vay toe do bien dang da gan ke tuong ting va bien dang cao hon.
Moi loai duong 16 tuong img phai chiu hai giai doan ung lire. Doi voi duong 16 dang
"than-than", 6 giai doan i m g lire t h i i nhat va thir hai t h i the t i c h tiep can nen va noc 16 gan
s Hdi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt md qudc ti - 2010
Cdng nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt triin bin vung
hon v o H o n g k h o i , l u o n g la tir 5 4 % ~ 6 0 % va t 4 0 % ~ 4 6 % , t r u n g b i n h khoang 5 7 % va 43%. D o n g t h a i , tiep can hong 16 gan h o n v a i tong k h o i l u o n g la 5 0 % . D o i v a i duong 16 loai "than-cai n e m " , 6 giai doan u n g luc thir nhat va thir hai, the t i c h tiep can nen va noc gan h o n v o i tong k h o i l u o n g la tir 7 0 % ~ 7 3 % ya 2 7 % ~ 3 0 % , t r u n g b i n h khoang 7 2 % va 28%. D o n g t h a i , tiep can hong 16 gan h o n v a i tong k h o i l u o n g la 6 5 % va 35%. K h a i thac duong 16 loai "than-cai n e m " a cdc k h u v u c dirt gay da gan ke v o i do sau la 2 5 0 m duoc dua ra trong H i n h 3.
a. l d b. 15d c. 4 0 d d. 55d
Hinh 3. Khai thdc dudng Id loai "than-cai nem" d cdc khu vuc dut gay dd gan ke vdi dp sau Id 250m
2.2. Md phong hieu qua cua viec chdng gid bang neo vd neo cap
Co hai loai d u o n g 16 a do, sau khai thac la ,250m ya 4 0 0 m v o i bon dieu kien mo phong va m o i l o a i d i e u k i e n co bon c h u o n g trinh bo t r i chong g i u khac nhau. V i la mot chi so bien dang da gan ke ya do sau 96a k h u vuc da nirt ne, nen co the thao luan anh huong ciia cot chong va each bo t r i cot chong hop l y .
V i d u de m o phong loai "than-than" a do sau 2 5 0 m , k h i co 3,5 thanh neo va 1 neo cap, t h i dich chuyen noc g i a m 3 7 % , 4 5 % va 7%. Co 2 hoac 3 thanh neo a vach ben khi do d j c h chuyen vach ben g i a m 6 2 % va 6,6%. N e u co 5 neo va 1 neo cap tren noc t h i do sau k h u vuc nut ne se g i a m 10%~64%. N e u co 3 thanh neo 6 vach ben t h i do sau k h u vuc nirt ne giam 59%. T i r h i n h 4 co the thay rang su t u o n g phan giua do sau k h u v u c nirt ne da gan ke va ranh g i o i dich chuyen co chong g i u va k h o n g co a do sau 2 5 0 m d o i v a i loai
"than-than"
a. khong chong g i u k h u vuc nut ne
b. k h o n g chong g i u ranh g i o i dich chuyen
c. chong giir k h u vuc nut ne
d. chong g i u ranh g i o i dich chuyen Hinh 4. Su tuong phdn giu a dudng lb cd chdng giu vd khong chong giir
d dp sau 250m vdi loai "than-than"
Vi du mo phong loai "than-than" 6 do sau 400m, khi co 3,5 neo va 1 neo cap thi sut
noc giam 30%, 3 9 % va 6%. T u o n g irng 2 hoac 3 thanh neo tren vach ben k h i do dich chuyen vach ben g i a m 6 5 % va 7 1 % . N e u co 5 thanh neo va 1 neo cap a noc t h i do sau khu
Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt mo quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vitng
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ra
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a. khong chong giu khu vuc nut ne
b. khong chong giu ranh giai djch chuyen
c. chong giu khu vuc nut ne
d. chong giu ranh djch chuyen
giai Hinh 5. Su- twang phan giua dudng Id cd chdng giir vd khong chong giir
add sau 400m vdi loai "than-than"
vuc nut ne noc se g i a m 2 5 % ~ 7 5 % . N e u co 3 thanh neo d vach ben t h i do sau k h u vuc nut ne se giam 57%. T i r H i n h 5 co the thay su t u o n g phan giua do sau k h u vuc nut ne da gan ke va ranh g i o i bien dang giua co chong g i u va khong chong g i u 6 do sau 2 4 0 m doi v o i loai "than-than"
Vi du mo phong loai "than-cai nem" 6 do sau 250m khi co 3,5 neo va 1 neo cap, khi
do sut noc giam 3 6 % , 3 9 % va5%. Co t u o n g ung 2 va 3 thanh neo 6 vach nem, k h i do dich chuyen vach ben g i a m 5 4 % va 74%. N e u co 3 hoac 3 thanh neo 6 vach than thi dich chuyen vach ben g i a m t u o n g u n g la 4 6 % va 72%. D i c h chuyen vach nem gap 1,4 ldn vach than. Neu co 5 thanh neo va 1 neo cap t h i do sau cua k h u vuc nut ne noc giam 14%~57%.
Neu co 3 thanh neo d vach than t h i do sau cua k h u vuc nut ne vach ben se g i a m 4 1 % . Vi du mo phong loai "than-cai nem" d dd sau 400m, khi cd 3,5 thanh neo va 1 neo
cap thi sut ndc g i a m 2 8 % , 3 6 % va 9%. Cd t u o n g u n g 2 va 3 thanh neo d vach nem, k h i dd dich chuyen vach ben g i a m 5 5 % va 73%. N e u cd t u o n g u n g 2 va 3 than neo d vach than t h i dich chuyen vach ben g i a m t u o n g u n g la 4 9 % va 74%. N e u cd 5 thanh neo va 2 neo cap thi do sau ciia k h u vuc nut ne ndc se giam 2%~56%. N e u cd 3 thanh neo d vach than t h i dd sau cua k h u vuc niit ne vach se giam 27%.
Theo cac ket qua md phong, duong 16 duoc phan loai theo dd sau va loai hinh khai
thac khac nhau. D u o n g l d "than -than" cd do sau 2 5 0 m duoc x e m la l o a i D . D u o n g l d "than -nem" cd dd sau 2 5 0 m duoc x e m la loai • . D u d n g l d "than - than" cd dd sau 4 0 0 m duoc xem la loai • . D u d n g l d "than-nem" cd dd sau 4 0 0 m duoc coi la loai • . D o n g t h o i , cac dh xuat chdng g i u d u d n g l d khac nhau da duoc cung cap dua tren sir phan loai d u d n g l d . D d i vdi cac loai L \ • , • loai l d ndc thanh phan, phuong phap chdng g i u t d i u u la sir dung thanh neo va giang thep W va l u d i k i m loai, ddng t h d i neo cap duoc sir dung de gia cd.
3. Hieu qua va irng dung cong nghe
Loai thanh neo, giang thep, ludi kim loai va neo cap da duoc dua ra de chdng giu
3000m dudng ld tai m d Zhenchengi. T h d n g qua viec quan sat toan bo va m o t each he thong ve ap luc dat da de k i e m tra d u d n g l d , cac nguyen tac ap luc, bien dang va dut gay da duoc dieu khien trong cac giai doan khac nhau d dudng l d thir nghiem. D a y se la tham khao dang t i n cay d d i v d i thiet ke duoc chinh sira va thiet ke chdng g i u d u o n g 16.
Trong qua trinh ngirng khai thac, khong co d u d n g 16 nao trong so hai d u o n g 16 co bien dang nghiem trong. C h i co bien dang nho xay ra tai d u d n g 16 duoi^ d m o t so k h u vuc nen co dich chuyen nho. Sau 3 nam sir dung dudng l d , viec chdng g i u van tot.
Theo cac thdng tin do md lan can cung cap, d cac dieu kien giong nhau, phan con lai
cua 16 duoi can duoc bao d u d n g sau k h i khai thac. C h i p h i len den h o n 8 0 % d u d n g 16.
Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt mo qudc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt triin bin virng
4 K e t l u a n
Theo y e u cau ciia cong nghe chong g i u va nguyen tac bo sung ciia thanh neo va neo cap, viec lira chon t i n h toan bang so ket hop v o i phan t i c h l y thuyeT y a su t u o n g dong ve ky thuat o giai doan thiet ke ban dau la kha t h i . T i n h toan d i n h l u o n g bang so dua ra mot loat che do chong g i u bien dang dat da gan ke v a sir phan bo cac k h u v u c dut gay. D i e u nay giup cung cap cac t h o n g so c h i n h t u viec chong g i u bang thanh neo v a day neo.
Cac ket qua mo phong bang,so cho thay chieu sau khai thac tang hoac tru chong hep
de bao ve noc 16 t h i cong nghe chong g i u lien ket bang thanh neo va neo cap la kha thi cung v o i cac thong so h o p l y .
D u a tren l y thuyet chong g i u lien ket bang thanh neo va neo cap, c o so chinh cua viec thiet ke chong g i u l i e n ket bang thanh neo va nep cap la sir phan bo cac k h u vuc dirt gay d a ^ a n ke cua d u o n g 16, va sir phan bp d i c h chuyen. T r o n g nghien c u u nay, phuong phap so dua ra bien phap de giai quyet van de nay. Co the ap dung t r o n g cac dieu kien khac nhau va thiet ke so bo chong giir d u o n g 16.
T i n h toan va sir dung hop l y do ben keo k y thuat ciia day neo va k h o i l u o n g tang de tien hanh thiet ke gia co day neo la m o t bien phap quan t r o n g de nang cao an toan trong 16.
T i n h toan dua ra t r o n g bai bao nay co the duoc ap dung r o n g rai o cac dieu k i e n tuong tu, co the l a m t h a m khao cho cac m o khac o n h u n g dieu k i e n t u o n g tir./.
