Thu hut nguon li/c tai chmh ngoai ngan sach
cho cac tru'orng dai hoc cong lap khu VU'C Bac Trune Bo
* O • MGUYIN HOAI NAM-
Vi^c tun kid'm cac ngu6n Irfc b ^ sung cho ngu6n ngdn sach nha nrfdc (NSNN) cua cac trrfcfng dai hpc, d^c bi^t la cac trrfcfng dai hpc cdng l$p (DHCL) la m$t trong nhii'ng xu hrfdng n^i b$t cua giao di;c dai hpc (GDDH) tokn can trong nhihig nam g i n d3y. Tuy nhidn, vdi 17 trrfoTng DHCL khu vrfc Bdc Trung B$, do chrfa CO ccf chd', chinh sach du manh, ndn con gap r ^ t n h i l u kho khan d^
thu hut cac nguSn tai chinh ngoai NSNN. Tdng crfcTng huy ddng cac ngudn Irfc tai chinh, hrfdng tdi phat tri^n nhanh, toan di$n va b i n viJng da trd thanh m0t ydu cau cSfp thid't ddCi vdi cac trrfcFng DHCL khu vrfc Bac Trung Bd.
CO set THU H O T N G U O N TAI CHINH NGOAI N G A N SACH CHO CAC TRadNG DHCL
Thu hut nguln tai chmh tH ngifdi hgc Ngtfdi theo hpe d ede trtfdng dai hpc thtfdng dtfdi nhilu hinh thtfe khde nhau, ed till theo hpc hd chinh quy, be phi cbinh quy, hd sau dai hgc hoac Id dtfdi cde ldp hpc bii dtfdng. Theo hpc du dtfdi bd't ky hinh thtfc ndo, thi nhd trtfdng eung nhdn dtfdc khodn hpe phi, Id phi efia ngtfdi hpc.
Cung vdi ehi phi ve ndi d, dn udng, cdc chi phi sinh hoat va mdt sd khodn Id phi kbdc, nhtf Id phi myen sinh..., thi hge phi la thdnh phin ehfi ydu cfia tdng ehi phi cho vide tiiam dtf ehtfdng tiinh hpe cfia sinh vidn vd gia dinh hg phai tra eho GDDH.
Trong nhutig ehi phi ke ttdn, till hpe phi chie'm khodn ldn nhdt, ndn eung la ddi hdi cd tinh chat quydt dinh ddi vdi smh vien.
Ddi vdi tiTJdng DHCL, cd nhieu cdch tiitfc xay ditog mtfc hpc phi, nhtfng phd bidn Id lanh dao nha hiTdng xdy dtfhg hpc phi vdi viec xdt duydt cfia ede vidn ehtfe ehinh phfi. Khi xdy dtfhg cde mtfc hgc phi cho trtfdng cdng, ede trtfdng thtfdng can etf vdo nhfing ed sd Id: Ty Id phan ttdm cfia chi phi ttdn dau sinh vidn; Mtfc hge phi md cdc tttfdng cfing logi, cung cdp Men dang fliu; Nhffng chi sd kinh td ting
qudt, chang hgn nhtf: GDP tten dau ngtfdi hoac thu nhdp binh quan cfia ddn ttong vfing.
Thu hut nguln tai chinh ttf cac td chii'c mua va sfi" dung djch vi^
Cu the la cac khoan thu ttf phue vu ddi sd'ng sinh bogt hdng ngdy cho ngrfdi hpe thdng qua phdt trien cdc cdn tin, nha an, eh§ d; Cdc boat ddng dicb vu ttdng gitf xe efia nhiftig dd'i ttfdng de'n trtfdng hpe ldp va ldm vide...; Cung cap cdc sdch vd, tdi lidu phue vu hpc tdp, nghien cuXi hdng ngdy; Td ehtfe cdc md hinh tham quan, da ngogi ttong nhffiig dip nghi ttf eae trtfdng dai bpc cfia Anh, My... cung la mpt ttong nhiftig hoat ddng nham tdng nguon thu dieh vu cfia nhd tttfdng md cdc ntfdc dang phdt ttiln cd the hge hdi.
Trong qud tnnh phdt trien, cac doanh nghidp, cdc id ehtfc phdi canh ttanh vdi nhau de tin tai, vide cd dtfdc nhfing edng nghd hien dai ttong qudn ly, dilu hdnh hay t l chtfc san xuat se gifip cdc ddn vi ndy ed dtfdc nhtfng tfu the tten thi tiifdng. Chinh vi thd, vide phd'i hdp gitfa trtfdng dai hgc vdi cac t l ehtfc doanh nghiep ngodi nha trtfdng ttong thtfc hidn cdc hogt ddng ddo tao, b i i dtfdng, ttf van, nghidn etfu tfng dung, mdt mat, giup eho doanh nghidp dgt dtfde nhtfng muc tidu ttong qud trinh phdt trien, mat khae, dem lgi nguon thu tdi chlnh cung nhtf danh tie'ng cua nbd trtfdng.
Cfing vdi dd Id nguon tai chlnh ttf cdc doanh nghiep, ede to chtfc vd cd nhan ttong xa hdi dtfdc hinh thdnh qua ede boat ddng sau: Tham gia xdy dtfng cdc chtfdng trtnh, hge lieu, nghidn cfiti vd chuyen giao tien bd khoa hgc, edng nghd; Cdc doanh ngbiep ddt hdng vdi tirtfdng dai hpc v l dao lao, bii dtfdng tbdng
*TS., TrUdng Dgi hpc Vinh
NGHIEN CClG - TRAO D 6 I
BANG 1: QUY M 6 V A Cd CAU NGGON THG NGOAI NGAN SACH CdA CAC TRlTdNG DHCL Ci BAC TRONG BO
Ngudn thu Tong thu n^m 2016 Ngu'di hoc Thu cdc khoSn dich vu Thu sil nghiep khde T^ng thu nfim 2017 NgiTfli hoc Thu cdc kho^n dich vu Thu sir nghifp khde T^ng thu nfim 2018 NgUfli hoc
|rhu cac khoan dich vu Hrhu sir nghifp khde
•*" DHVinh " «
tty aJDE) 459,955 300,828 9,524 149,603 453,808 318,559 10,383 124,866 418,192 322,706 12,427 83,059
Tyl«
(%)
lOO65,41 2,07 32,52 100 70,19 2,29 27,52 100 77,17 2,97 19,86
•StlMlaTinh (tY tHaz)
23,341 17.311 6,030
24,267 20,154 4,113
22,583 20,032 2,551
Tjie 100 73,91 26,08
100 83,33 16,67
100 88,89 11,11
-
BBSEKTVineii SfTlirttag (iv a6m) 114,347 97,325 6,460 10,562 120,012 101,231 7,346 11,435 126,097 105,309 7,981 12,807
9
10085,11 5,65 9,24 100 84,35 6.12 9,53 100 83,51 6,33 10,16 Ngudn: Ket qua dieu tra cua lac gia nam 2019 qua cdc ehtfdng trinh b i i dtfdng kid'n thtfe, ndng cao trtnh dd edn bd quan 1^ vd ngtfdi lao ddng cfia doanh nghiep; Doanh nghidp thtfc hien nhffng bogt ddng mang tinh ddng vidn hd ttd cde tttfdng dai hpe; Cae doanh nghidp t l ehtfc cdc hoat ddng dinh htfdng nghe nghidp cho sinh vien.
Thu hdt nguln tai chinh tuf si^ nghidp khac Nguln vdn vay efia t l chtfc tin dung, cdc ngdn bdng thtfdng mgi, ngdn hdng phat triln...; Nguln vdn ttf hogt ddng sinh ldi thdng qua mua bdn chfitig khodn, cho thud phtfdng tidn cd sd v$t chd't cua nhd trtfdng hay cdc gidi thtfdng, hogt ddng nghidn etfu khoa hpe...; Nguln thu ttf ede t l ehtfe chlnh pbfi va trf nhan qudc td.
THl/C TRANG THU HUT N G U 6 N J A I CHfNH NGOAI NGAN S^CH CUA MpT SO TRUING DHCL KHU VI/C BAC TRUNG BQ
Theo dilu tta, khdo sdt cfia tde gid tai 3 trtfdng DHCL khu Vrfe Bae Trung Bd, gIm: Dgi hpe Vmh, Dai hgc Hd TTnh va Dai bpc Stf phgm Ky thudt Vinh ttong giai dogn 2016-2018 ve Ihu hut nguon tdi ehinh ngoai NSNN, cho kdt qua nhtf Bang 1 va tdc dp tang thu ngodi ngan sdch, cho kdt qua nhtf Bdng 2.
Ve ed cdu ngudn tdi ehinh ngodi ngdn sdch tgi 3 tri&ng dgi hgc theo diiu tra, khdo sdt
Trtfdng Dai hge Vinh: tdng thu ngoai ngan sdch cd xu htfdng gidm ttong giai doan ttf nam 2016 ddn 2018. Cy thd: nam 2016, tdng nguln thu ngodi ngdn sdch cua Trtfdng la 459,95 ty ding, thi de'n nam 2018, con sdndy chi Id 418,192 ty ding (bang 90,92% nam 2016). Trong dd, nguon thu ttf ngtfdi hoe ed xu htfdng ldng, tif 65,41% (ndm 2016) len 77,17% (ndm 2018);
nguln thu stf nghidp cd xu htfdng gidm din, ttf 32,52%
(nam 2016) xudng cdn 19,86% nam (2018); nguln tiiu ttf cdc khoan dieh vu itfdng ddi on dmh (2%-3%).
Trtfdng Dai hpe Hd Tlnb: nguln fliu ngodi NSNN Itfdng ddi on dinh ttong giai doan 2016-2018. Cu Uie, ndm 2016 Id 23 ty ding (ehidm 73,91%), nam 2018 Id
22,5 t^ dong (chidm 88,89%); khoan tiiu srf nghidp cfia Trrfdng tixjng giai doan ndy khdng ddng kd.
Trong khi dd, quy md vd ed cdu nguon thu ngoai ngan sdch cfia Trrfdng Dai hgc Stf pham Ky thugt Vinh la tiftftig ddi on dinh ttong giai dogn 2016-2018, Tuy nhien, nguon thu vin cbfi ydu la til ngrfdi hpe (83,51-85,11%), nguon fliu ttf dich vu vd stf nghidp khac rat thd'p (l4,89%-i6,49%').
vi tdc dd tdng thu ngodi ng&n sdch c&a 3 tndfng dgi hgc qua dieu tra, khdo sdt
Bii vdi Trtfdng Dgi bpc Vinh: tde dd tdng nguon thu ngoai ngdn sdch cd xu htfdng gidm ttong giai doan 2016-2018.
Tdc dd tdng nguon thu ndm 2016 chi bang 98,66% nam 2016, con sdndy nam 2018 chi bang 92,15% ndm 2017. Trong dd, tde dd tdng khodn thu ttf ngtfdi hoc nam 2017 bdng 107,31% ndm 2016, nam 2018 bdng 109,94% ndm 2017; ldc d6 tdng khodn thu stf nghidp cd xu htfdng giam ttong giai doan ndm 2016-2018, nd'u ndm 2017 khodn thu stf nghidp ndm 2017 chi bdng 84,62% nSm 2017, nhm 2018 chl bang 72,16% nam 2017.
Trtfdng Dai hpe Hd Tinh: nguln Ihu ngodi ngdn sdch ttfdng ddi In dinh.
Toe do lang nguon thu nam 2017 bdng 104,34% ndm 2016, nam 2018 bdng 93,75% ndm 2017.
Trtfdng Dai hpc Stf pham Ky fliudl Vinh: tdc dp ldng nguon thu ngodi NSNN khdng dang ke ttong giai doan 2016-2018.
Nhtf vdy, thu hfit nguln tai ehinh ngodi ngan sach da cd tdc dgng rd n^t ddn cd ca'u nguln tdi chlnh cho ddo tao cua cdc trtfdng DHCL khu vtfc B^c Trung Bg theo htfdng ty ttgng nguln thu ttf ngtfdi hpc cd xu htfdng ldng ldn, ttong khi nguln thu stf nghidp vd thu ttf djch vu Id khdng ddng kd. Day Id mot ttong nhulig diem nghen efia trtfdng DHCL ndi ehung va tttfdng DHCL khu vtfe Bic Trung Bg ndi ridng.
MOT S 6 GIAI PHAP CAN THUt H l ^ D I day mgnh huy ddng cdc nguln ltfe ldi chinb ngodi NSNN eho gido due DHCL d khu Vtfc Bae Trung Bd, flieo tdc gid cin tbtfc bidn cdc giai phdp sau:
Mdt Id. cdi thifn khd ndng ddng gdp cda ngudi ddn
Cfing vdi ehinh sdch phdt trien kinh te, de cdi thidn kha nang ddng gdp tdi chfnh
tii ngtfdi hgc, vide hodn tbi^n chlnh sdch tin dung eho bpe sinh, sinh vidn Id va'n di ein thidt. Can nang eao mtfe eho vay dd'i vdi hpc sinh, sinh vien bdi vdi nhfitig gia dinh nghdo, mtfc vay vdn nhtf hidn nay Id thdp, sinh vidn khd ed khd ndng chi ttd hpe ph! vd cdc khodn ehi tidu ddm bdo cudc sd'ng ttong qud trtnh hpe tdp. Vi thd, mtfe eho vay dd'i vdi sinh vidn cung ein phai tinh den hg bpc d trtfdng ndo, kbu vtfe ndo, dac biet vdi nhutig dac thu khd khdn v l kinb td cfia cde tinh Bde Trung Bp, thi cin dp dung mtfc hpe phi bao nhidu d l gifip sinh vidn ed dilu kidn hpc tap. Bdn canh dd, cin hodn thi^n phtfdng thtfe, hinb tbtfc cho vay, thdi gian gidi ngdn va fliu nd d l ddm bdo ngtfdi sfi dung vdn vay cd ttdeh nhidm bodn ttd, bdo todn vdn cho Ngdn hdng Chlnh sdch xa hOi.
Hai Id, tdng cudng hgp tde giita cdc trudng dgi hgc vdi doanh nghiip
Mud'n huy d^ng dtfde nguln tdi chlnh ttf doanh nghiep vao qud ttinh ddo lao, ein tang ctfdng stf hdp tdc gitfa ede tttfdng dai hge vdi doanh nghidp. D l tang ctfdng hdp tde vdi doanh nghi$p, cdc tttfdng DHCL khu vtfc Ble Trung Bd cin thanh ldp trung tdm quan hd vdi doanh nghidp, gifip qudn i j cdc hoat ddng hdp tdc dtfde tbdng nhdt, bdo ddm tinh ehuyen mdn hda vd hidu qud qudn 1;^. Trung tdm quan hd vdi doanh nghidp khdng the boat ddng dde l | p , md phdi kd't hdp chat che vdi mgng ltfdi cdn bd qudn 1^, gidng vidn, ctfu sinh vidn. Ngodi ra, trtfdng dgi hpc can xdy dtfng ede chinh sdch quy dinh chung v l cde hinh thtfe, ndi dung, cd cbd hdp tdc, ehinh sdeh
BANG 2: T 6 C Dp TANG THU NGOAI N G A N S A C H C^A C A C 1 d BAC TRQNG BO (DdM Vj: %)
TT 1 1.1 1,2 1 3
2 7,1 2.2 2.3 3 1.1 17 3.3
Chi 'iSHj^^r •>
Ctf diu va tQ'c do t&ng ngudn thu cua DH Vinh qua cac nam NEKdi hoc
Thu cdc khoan dich vu Thu sir nghigp khac Ctf c^u va tf^c do tang nguSn thu cua trrfcTng DH Ha TTnh NsUdi hoc Thu cac khoan dich vu Thu stf nghigp khac Ctf ca'u v^ td'c d$ tang ngudn thu cua trtfcfng DH Stf pham Kv thuat Vinh Ngtfdi hoc
Thu cdc khodn dich vu Thu stf nghiep khde
Ctfc^u 2016
100 65,41 2,07 32,52 100 73.91 26,08
100 85,11 5,65 9,24
2017 100 70,19 2,29 27,52 100 83,33 16,67
100 84,35 6.12 9.53
2018 100 77,17 2,97 19,86 100 88,89 11,11
100 83.51 6,33 10,16
TtTcdO 17/16 98,66.16 107.308 110,628 84,6248 104,348 112,745 63,9187
104,95 104,0134 113,7152 108,2655
18/1 92,15 109.9 129.6 72.16 93 106.6 66,64
105 104,02 108,64 111.99 N g u 6 n : K e l qua dieu tra cua tac gia, n a m 2(
dai ngO, bidn phdp bao dam ehdt Itfdng ttong cdc mdi quan be gitfa nha trtfdng vd doanh nghidp.
Ba Id, ndng cao nang lUc ndi sinh cua cdc trudng DHCL d Bdc Trung Bg
Thtfc tien eho thay, vide da dgng hda cdc nguln tdi ehinh cd md'i Udn hd ehat che vdi da dgng hda ddo tao vd nghidn ctfu efia ede nhd trtfdng. D l huy ddng dtfgc nguln tai chinh ngoai NSNN, ddi hdi cdc trtfdng DHCL d Bac Trung Bp phdi ndng cao ehdt Itfdng ddo tgo va nghidn efi^ khoa hpe, ddi mdi cd cau ddo tao nhdm nang eao hidu qud ddo tgo, hodn thidn to ehtfe bd may, xdy dtfng vd phdt triln cdc khoa, bd mdn, ngdnh nghe ddo tao, xay dtfng npi dung chtfdng trinb, gido ttinh dao tao gan vdi nhu cau thtfe tidn, dly mgnh cdng tdc nghidn ctfu, ttf van va ehuyen giao tri tiitfe, tang etfdng xdy dtfng ed sd vdt chat de ndng cao tinh cgnh ttanh dao tgo cfia tiirdng DHCL d Bac Trung Bd trong dilu kidn kinh id flii trtfdng.Q
TAI L i e u THAM K H A O - 1 Qudc hdi (2018). Ludt Gido due dgi hgc, sd 34/2018/QH14, ngay 19/11/2018
2. Chlnh phfi (2006). Nghi dfnh sd43/2006/NB-CP, ngdy 25/04/2006 quy dinh quyen tuchu, tU chiu trdch nhiim vi thifc hien nhiem vu, td chae bd mdy, bien chi vd tdi ehinh ddi vdi dan vi su nghiip cdng ldp ^ , x .x --< .
3 Chmh phfi (2010). NgM dfnh sd49/2010/ND-CP. ngdy 14/05/2010 quy dinh ve mien, giam hgc phi. hd trg chi phi hgc tgp vd co chi thu. sa dtfng hgc phi dd'i vdi ca sd gido due thuoc he thong giao due qudc ddn ta ndm hoc 2010-2011 din ndm hgc 2014-2015 .. , .- , v ,
• 4 Chinh phfi (2015). Nghi dfnh sd 86/2015/ND-CP ngdy 02/10/2015 quy dinh ve cd che thu, qudn ly hoc phi dd'i vdi cd sd gido dtie thuge hf thd'ng gido due qudc ddn vd chinh sach mien, giam hoc phi, hdtra chi phi hoc tap ta ndm hgc 2015-2016 din ndm hgc 2020-2021
• 5 Chinh phfi (2015). Nghf djnh sd 16/2015/ND-CP ngdy 14/02/2015 quy dfnh cache tuchu cua ' T B ? S ^ l c ' v d Bho igo (2012). Thdng tu sd29/2012/n-BGDDT ngdy 10/09/2012 quy dinh vi tdi trd cho cdc CO sd gido di^c thuge h$ thdng gido dtic quoc dan .^ ^, w, ,.;i.
7. B l Thi Bich Loan (2008). Cdc bi$n phdp huy dgng nguon tai chinh trong dau tU phat tnen GDDH Viet Nam. Vidn Khoa hpc gido due Viet Nam
