HIEU QUA SAN XUAT CUA MO HINH TRONG LtJA NEP & HUYEN PHU TAN,
TINH AN GIANG
' BUI TH! MY HANH
TOM TAT:
Nghien effu dffdc tien hanh tai vffng trdng Ida nep thudc 3 xa d huydn Phu Tan, tinh An Giang.
De tai sff dung c£e ehi tidu tai ehlnh, nhff: Ldi nhuSn/chi phi, Idi nhu^n/thu nhap, Idi nhuan/tong lao ddng dd d^nh gia hieu qua san xua't cua ndng ho trdng lua nep. Thdng qua cac chi tieu tren cho tha'y, md hinh trdng lua ndp mang lai hieu qua cho ndng ho. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh sdn xua't, ndng ho cdn lam theo kinh nghiem, tham gia eae Idp tap huCn ky thuSl chffa hiSu qud.
Nghien effu da de xuS't cae giai phap ehu ydu nbSm nang cao hieu qua san xua't lua ne'p tren dia ban nghien effu.
TiJf khoa: HiSu qua san xua't, thu nhap, vung trdng lua nep, huy6n Phu Tan, tinh An Giang.
1. D^t van dg
Phat trien san xua't, nang cao thu nhap cho ngffdi dSn la nen tang vffng chae trong trien khai thffc hien chffdng trinh muc tieu qud'e gia ve xay dffng ndng thdn mdi. An Giang la mot tinh cd dien tieh san xua't ndng nghiep Idn d ddng bang song Cffu Long. Theo Quye't dinh sd 1351/QD-UBND nam 2014 quy hoach buyen Phii Tan la vCmg chuyen canh lua nep. Viee hinh thanh vung chuyen canh cay lua ne'p la do ndng dan cd nhieu nam canh tdc, nong ho dffdc dep thu ffng dung khoa hoc ky thuat vao san xua't. Hdn nffa, Phu Tan ed da't phii sa hang nam bdi dap nen phu hdp canh tac lua nep, gdp phan tang thu nhap, giam ngheo cho ndng dan.
Theo Quydt dinh sd915/QD-TTg nam 2016 cua Thu tifdng Chinh phii vd chinh sach chuyen ddi iff trdng lua sang trdng ngd. Viec chuyen ddi theo hffdng ed thi trffdng tieu thu, phu hdp vdi dieu kien canh tdc. Huyen Phu Tan thffc hien chu tru'dng chuyen doi cd ca'u cay trdng, khuydn khich ndng dan trdng cay an trai, rau mau tren nen da't lua nep kem hieu qua, vi vay, dien tieh trdng nep giam dan nham dam bdo thu nhap va tang hieu qua kinh te' chd nong dan. Dien tich lua nep chffa chuyen ddi
ddi hdi ndng dan phai nang cao chat Iffdng, nang sua't va hieu qua. Vi vay, nghien cffu de tai "Hieu qua san xua't cua ndng ho trdng lua nep d huyen Phu Tan, tinh An Giang" la rat can thidt.
2. Phffdng phap nghien cffu 2.1. Thdi gian va dia diem nghien ciiu Nghien cffu dffdc tien hanh d nhffng xa trdng nhieu lua nep: xa Phu Thanh. Hiep Xffdng, Hda Lac. Thdi gian dffdc khdo sat tff thang 7 den thang
10 nam 2019.
2.2. Muc tieu nghien cUu
De tai nghien effu nham phan tich hieu qud sdn xua't cua ndng ho trdng liia nep d huyen Phd Tan tinh An Giang:
(1) Thffc trang sdn xua't cua ndng ho trdng lua nep d huyen Phu Tan;
(2) Hi6u qua san xua't eua ndng ho trdng lua nep d huyen Phd Tan;
(3) De xua't mdt sd giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua san xua't liia nep eua ndng hd d huyen Phu Tan.
2.3. PhUcfngphdp nghien cUu 2.3.1. Ccfsdly thuyet
Cae chi tieu danh gid bieu qua tr(!"_ ,,, , ^yg'j ndng nghiep:
40 So 4 - T h a n g 3/2020
KINH TE
- Chi phi san xua't lua ne^p: la ta't cd nhffng chi phi ma ndng hd da bd ra de san xua't liia ne'p.
Nhffng loai chi phi nhff: chi phi lam da't, ehi phi gidng, chi phi phan, thudc; chi phi tffdi tieu; chi phi thu hoach va eae loai chi phi khac.
- Thu nhap: la loan bd sd tien se thu dffdc do tieu thu sdn pham, tffc la tdng sd tien ma eac ho san xua't lua ne'p nhan dffdc khi ban lua ne'p.
- Ldi nhuan: la chi tieu phan anh ket qua cud'i ciing cua hdat ddng san xuat lua ne'p.
+ Ldi nhuan chu'a tinh cdng lao ddng nha = Tdng doanh thu - Tdng chi phi (chffa tInh cdng lao dong nha).
+ Ldi nhuan da tinh cdng lao ddng nha = Tdng doanh thu - Tong chi phi (da tinh cdng lao ddng nha).
2.3.2. Phuffng phdp thu thap so lieu Sd' lieu thff cap: Thu thap sd' heu tff Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn huyen Phu Tan, men giam thd'ng ke, can bd ndng nghiep 3 xa (Phu Thanh, Hiep Xffdng, Hda Lac), hdp tac xa.
So'lieu sd cap: So'lieu difdc thu thap bang bang cau hdi sdan sfn, phdng van trffc tidp 150 ndng hd trdng lua nep tai 3 xa bang phffdng phap phan tang ngEu nhien. Cac thdng tin dffdc thu thap bao gdm tinh hinh san xua't lua nep tren dia ban, chi phi san xua't, thu nhap cua ndng ho, nhffng thuan ldi va khd khan.
2.3.3. Phuang phdp phdn tich
Muc tieu 1 sff dung phffdng phdp thd'ng ke md
id
Sff dung cdng cu excel va phan mem SPSS de phan tich nhffng sd lieu dieu tra, phdng va'n.
Phan tich ngudn Iffc ndng ho:
- Cae thdng tin chung ve chu ho (tudi, trinh do hpc van,...).
- Cae thdng tin chung vd tinh hinh sdn xua't eua ndng hd (dien tich da't, sdn Iffdng, nang sua't..,),
- Von eua ndng hd dau tff cho cdc he thd'ng canh tac,
Cd ca'u thu nhap cua ndng ho:
- Thu nhap tff ndng nghiep, thue mffdn ndng nghiep, phi ndng nghiep va cac khoan Ehu nhap khac.
- Dau tff cho san xua't va tieu dung cua ndng ho.
Mue tieu 2 sff dung phu'dng phdp so sdnh, phan tieh cac ehi tieu danh gid hieu qud tai chinh.
- Chi phi san xua't binh quan tren 1 ha cua md hinh.
- Tdng thu/1 ha: Tdng gia tn san Iffdng thu difdc tren I ha eua mo hinh.
- Ldi nhuan binh quan tren 1 ha eua md hinh.
- Ty sd ldi nhuan/chi phi (vd'n dau tff) - Tdng ldi nhuan/Tdng chi phi: cho biet vdi 1 ddng chi phi bo ra hd gia dinh se thu dffdc bao nhieu ddng ldi nhuan.
Ty so' ldi nhuan/thu nhap = Tong ldi nhuan/Tdng thu nhap: cho biet vdi 1 ddng thu nhap ndng ho ed dffde bao nhidu ddng thu nhap rdng.
- Ty so' ldi nhuan/lao dong = Tong ldi nhuan/Tdng lao ddng: cho biet vdi 1 ngay cdng lad ddng dau tff ndng hd ed dffdc bao nhieu ddng Idi nhuan.
Muc tieu 3: Tren cd sd cdc ke't qua da nghien cffu dffdc d muc tieu 1 va 2 lam cd sd de de xua't mdt so'gidi phdp nang cao hieu qua san xua't d cua ndng ho.
3. K6't qua nghi§n cffu va thao lu^n 3.1. ThUc trang san xua't lua nep cua nong hg dieu tra
3. I.J Tong quan ve ho .sdn xua't
Qua sd' lieu tff Bang 1 cho tha'y, tudi trung binh eua cdc chu hd canh tac Ida nep tai dia ban nghien effu la tffdng dd'i cao, giffa 3 xa nghien effu khdng cd sff chenh lech Idn, chi dao dong trong khoang 45 tudi, vdi do tudi trung binh nay cho tha'y ho cd nhieu kinh nghiem sdn xua't ndng nghiep.
Tuy nhien, qua dieu tra cho tha'y, trinh do hoc va'n cua ndng ho chffa cao mac dii cd nhieu kinh nghiem trong canh tdc lua ne'p. Trinh do hoc vS'n cua chu hd phan Idn tieu hoc chie'm 73,89%, ke de'n la trung hoe ed sd chiem 9,44% va trung hoc phd thdng la 5,55%. Ty le mil ehff khdng cao chiem 9,44%, khdng cd ndng hd trinh do cao dang dai hpc. Tff bang sd' lieu cho tha'y trinh dp hoe van chffa cao nen ra't khd khan trong viee ffng dung khoa hoc ky thuat trong sdn xua't, da phan ndng hd lam theo kinh nghiem.
3. 1.2. Tmh hinh san xua't
3.1.2.1. Dien lich dat canh tdc ciia nong ho Theo ket qud dieu tra, di6n tich trung binh/ha dd'i vdi vu ddng xuan la 2,2, vu he thu la 2 va thu ddng la 1,8. Dien tich trung binh ca nam la 3,2, dien tich Idn nha't la 14,5 va nhd nha't la 0,4. Dieu
So 4 - T h o n g 3/2020 41
X i
Phu Thanh Hiep Xdong Hoa Lac
Tong
Bdng 1. Tinh hinh c o b a n c u a nong ho canh toe Ida
^ . .- Tuoi TB chu
50 50 50 160
hi)
45,43 44,67 45,05 45,05
B H C e 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
nep Trinh do hpc van THPT
6,66 0,00 10,00 5,55
THCS 16,67 6,66 5,00 9,44
Tieu hoc 60,00 86,68 75,00 73,89
MuchO 16,67
6.66 5,00 9,44
Nguon: Sdiieu dieu tra trUc tiep nong ho ndm 2019
nay cho thay dien tich d viing chuyen canh nep Phil Tan manh mun nhd le. (Bdng 2)
Hda vdi xu the chuyen dich cd ca'u sdn xuat
Bdng 2. Tinh hinh canh tac cua nong hp Dan vi: ha
Dien tich
Dien tich TB Dien tich min Dien tich max
Dong xuan 2,2 0,2 8,5
He thu
2,0 0.1 6.4
rhu dong
1,8 0,1 4.3
Canam
3,2 0.4 14,5 Ngudn: So lieu dieu Ira trUc tiep ndng ho ndm 2019
ndng nghiep phu hdp vdi tiem nang eua vdng, mdt sd'ndng hd da chuyen ddi sang cay trdng khac nen dien tich bi thu hep.
3.2. Phan tich hieu qua sdn xuat cua nong ho canh tdc lua nep d huyen Phii Tdn
3.2.1. Phdn tich hieu qud sdn xiidi lua ne'p theo cdc khoan muc chi phi
3.2.1.1. Phdn tich chi phi sdn xuat Tong ehi phi sdn xua't lua nep ca nam la 43.962.860 ddng/ha/nam do nam 2019 sau, benh phffc tap khie'n ehi phi sdn xua't eung tang cao.
Trong dd, chi phi phan chiem 30,06%, chi phi thudc chiem 21,17%, chi phi gio'ng chie'm 5,69%, ehi phi lam da't la 8,49%, ehi phi thue lao ddng
chiem 4,92%, chi phi tifdi tieu chiem 3,91% vachi phi thu hoach chiem 25,76%. (Bang 3)
Ngay cdng lao ddng trung binh mdt nam la 39,44 ngay/nam. Nang sua't lua ne'p ea nam la 15,4 ta'n/ha/nam la do Phu Tan sdn xua't lua nep theo he thd'ng de bao khep kin nen huyen san xuat 3 nam 8 vu. Ngay tai thdi diem vu thu ddng nam 2019 cd khoang 20% ndng ho da cho bie't sdn xuat 3 vu, con lai san xua't 2 vu do tdi thdi diem xd de.
Nang sua't vu ddng xuan va thu ddng thffdng cao hdn vu he thu, vi anh hifdng cua thdi ti6't va dich benh. Neu trff di hdt cdc ehi phi thi ldi nhuan cua ndng hd trdng lua nd'p la 42.512.980 ddng/ha/nam.
3.2.1.2. Phdn tich cdc chi tieu ddnh gid hieu qua kinh te trdng lua ne'p
Tff ket qua phan tich chi phi san xua't lua nep la ed sd chd viec tinh toan hieu qua cua hoat dpng trdng lua nep.
* Cae ty sd tai chinh:
Thu nhap/chi phi =1,97: thu nhap/ehi phi cua mo hinh lua nep la 1,97 ed nghia la 1 ddng chi phi bd ra se thu dffdc 1,97 ddng thu nhap.
Ldi nhuan/chi phi = 0,97: cff 1 ddng chi phi bo ra de sdn xua't lua ne'p ndng ho ,se ihu ,• .tjc 0,97 ddng Idi nhuan.
Ldi nhuan/thu nhap = 0,49. hd sdn xua't lua nep bd ra 1 ddng thu nhap se mang lai 0,49 done ldi nhuan.
Thu nhap/ngay cdng = 2.19 \57: cff i eong lao dong thi ndng hd se thu •^
ddng thu nhap.
Ldi nhuan/ngay cdng = 1.077. • ngay 192,57
42 So 4-Thang 3/2020
KINHTE
Bong 3. Chi phi va thu nhqp cua hp son xua't 3 vu nep/nam
Chi tieu Chi phi phan Chi phi thuoc Chi phi gio'ng Chi phi iam dat Chi phi thue iao dong
Chi phi tudi tieu Chi phi thu hoach
Tong chi phi Lao dong gia dinh (ngay cong)
Gia Nang suat (tan)
Thu nhap Loi nhuan
Trung binh 13.213.12 9.305,41 2.500.33 3.735,92 2.164.66 1.720.59 11.322,83 43.962.86 39.44 4.437,67
15,4 86.475.84 42 512.98
%
30.06 21.17 5,69 8.49 4.92 3,91 25,76 100,00
D$ i^ch chuan 4.215,78 3.825.54 597.41 783.69 1.627,75
451,33 1.657,91 4.108.56 15.85 700,66 1,7 18.683.62 13.577,26 Ngudn: Sd lieu diiu tra trUc tiep nong ho ndm 2019
cdng lao ddng bd ra ndng hd se thu dffde 1.077,89 ddng ldi nhuan.
3.4. Mot so gidi phdp nham ndng cao hi^u qud san xuat cua nong ho trong lua nep huyen Phii Tan tinh An Giang
3.4.1. Ddi vdi Nhd nude
Can td chffc cac Idp tap hua'n ve ky thuat trdng nang sua't cao va cha't Iffdng, edch ffng phd kip thdi khi dich benh bung phat. Hd trd vd'n cho ndng dan san xuat vi ehi phi sdn xuS't cao, gia dau vao dn dinh se giup ndng ddn yen tam sdn xua't.
vd cdng tac gidng, dia phffdng can ISp ke hoach sdn xuat va cung ffng gidng theo tffng vu, tffng nam va cd sff kiem soat eua cac cd quan chuyen mdn thed diing cdc quy dinh phap luat hien hanh; to chffc sdn xua't va cung ffng gidng ne'p cho ndng dan de tffng bffde on dinh cd ca'u gid'ng theo hffdng tang gio'ng dat nang sua't cao va cha't Iffdng.
Lffa chon nhffng ndng dan san xua't gidi de td chffc tham quan, hoc tSp, trao ddi kinh nghiem trffc tiep.
3.4.2. Dd'l vdi nong ddn
Ndng dan trdng lua ne'p cdn lam theo kinh nghiem, thieu sff hffdng ddn ky thuat eua nha khoa
hpc. Vi vay, ngifdi trdng lua nep d Phu Tan can dffdc sff giup dd cua nganh Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn dd nang eao nang sua't va chd't Iffdng, dap ffng nhu eau tieu dCmg eua thi tru'dng trong nffdc va xua't khau.
Day manh ffng dung cdng nghe sinh hoc, h6 thd'ng canh tdc tien tien trong san xua't.
4. Ket luan
Md hinh trdng lua ne'p d huyen Phu Tan cd hieu qud kinh te cao, mang lai thu nhap cao cho ndnghd trdng lua ne'p. Mdtsdxa d Phii Tdn cdn la md hinh diem ddn tiep nhieu cudc tham quan, hoc hdi kinh nghiem ctia ndng dan trong Huyen.
Qua phdn tieh de tai ta tha'y ndng ho ed nhieu nam kinh nghiem trong san xua't, tuy nhien do khdng phai la yeu toquyet dmh. De dat hieu qua cad hdn nffa, ndng hd can ffng dung khoa hoe ky thuat tien tien vao san xua't de giam ehi phi .san xua't, tang ngudn thu nhap. Vi day la md hinh ebuygn canh nen chinh quyen dia phffdng can tad dieu kien thuan ldi dd ndng dan nang eao hieu qud san xua't hdn»
So 4-Thang 3/2020 43
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
7. Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Phii Tdn (2018). NiSn gidm thdng ke huyen Phii Tdn 2018.
2. Hoang Trpng & Chu Mong Ngoc (2008) Phdn tich du lieu nghien cUu vdi SPSS Hd Npi: Nha xuat bdn Thong ke.
3. Quyet dinh sd 1351/QD-UBND ndm 2014 phe duyet quy hoach chi tiet phdt tnen cdc vUng sdn xua't chuyen canh hdng lioa (liia, rau mdu, limy san) tinh An Giang ndm 2020, dinh hudng den ndm 2030.
4. Quyet dinh sd915/QD-TTg ndm 2016 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu ve chinh sach chuyen ddi tieirdng lua sang trdng ngd tai vung Trung du mien iiui phia Bdc, Bdc Trung bo, ddng bang song Cvlu Long, duyen hai Nam Trung bo vd Tay Nguyen.
Ngay nhan bai: 5/2/2020
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su:a ehifa: 15/2/2020 Ngay chS'p nhan dang bai: 25/2/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
ThS. BUI THI MY HANH
Bo mdn Kinh td Tdng hdp, Khoa Kinh te va Quan tri kinh doanh, Trifcfng Dai hpc An Giang - Dai hoc Qudc gia TP. H 6 Chi Minh
THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF GROWING GLUTINOUS RICE PHU TAN DISTRICT, AN GIANG PROVINCE
• Master, BUI THI MY HANH Deporirnent of General Economics Faculty of Economics and Business Administration An Giong Universit/ - Vietnam Notional University - Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
This study analyses the producdon efficiency of farm households growing glutinous rice in three communes in Phu Tan district. An Giang province in terms df financial indicators including profit - cost ratio, profit - income ratio and profit - total labor ratio. The study finds that glutinous rice farming is profitable for farm households. However, the smdy also finds that farm households euldvate crops based on their experiences and the effectiveness of farming techniques training courses is still low. This smdy proposes major solutions to improve the efficiency of glutinous nee production in the studied area.
Keywords: Production efficiency, income, glufinous rice growing area, Phu Tan district, An Giang province.
44 So 4 - T h o n g 3/2020
